GERUNDS (V-ing) (Danh động từ)

V-ing (danh động từ) được dùng như danh từ trong những trường hợp sau:
 Chủ ngữ của động từ: Smoking is a bad habit
(Subject of a verb) Reading books is my hobby
Túc từ cho một số động từ; She enjoys walking in the rain.
(Object of some verbs) He avoided answering my answer
 Sau động từ Be: His favorite pastime is watching TV
(Complement)
Túc từ cho giới từ I’m tired of working eight hours a day.
(Object of preposition) He left without saying a word.
 Sau ngữ động từ: (Phrasal verbs) I’m looking forward to seeing them.
He went on reading the newspaper
 Sau một số cấu trúc, thành ngữ: It’s not worth making such an effort.
It’s no use talking to him again.
 Ở dạng sở hữu cách hoặc sau danh từ His not appreciating her help is very
dùng ở dạn sở hữu cách (possessive): impolite

INFIITIVE OR GERUND
. Verbs followed by either the Gerund or the Infinitive
Verbs followed by either the infinitive or the gerund with change in meaning
GERUND INFINITIVE

1. Remember:
- I remember locking the door. - You remember to lock the door before
going out.
= I locked the door, and now I remember about it.
= You remember that you must lock the
door before going out.

2. Forget:
- I never forget returning my friends books. - You forgot to return me a book.
= I returned my friends books, and now I remember = You didn’t remember that you had to
about it. return me a book.

3. Regret:
- I regret making my parents sad. - I regret to say that you have failed your
exam.
= I made my parents sad, and now I’m sorry about it.
= I’m sorry to say that you have failed
your exam.

4. Stop: (= cease) (= halt)

- The rain stops falling. - I stopped to ask the way.
= The rain ceases falling; the rain no longer falls. = I halt to ask the way; after asking the
way, I’ll continue going.

5. Try: (make the experiment) (= attempt)

 GERUND INFINITIVE
A: The photocopier doesn’t seem to be working. A: Please try to be quiet when you come
home. Everybody will be asleep.
B: Try pressing the green button. (= press the green –
perhaps this will help to solve the problem.) B: Ok.

6. Mean:
- Failure on the exam means having to learn one more - He means to take the coming exam.
year.
= He intends to take coming exam.

7. Need:
- The batteries in the radio need changing. - I need to take more exercises.

= The batteries in the radio need to be changed. = It is necessary for me to take more
exercises.

(Remember (nhớ)/ Forget (quên)/ Regret (hối tiếc, ân hận):

Infinitive: diễn tả sự việc sẽ xảy ra sau các hành động (hđ) “nhớ, quên, tiếc” → Sẽ, sắp, chỉ
bổn phận.
Gerund: diễn tả sự việc đã xảy ra trước các hành động (hđ) “nhớ, quên, tiếc”
E.g. I remember seeing you somewhere.
Don’t forget to visit me when you come to my house.
2. Alllow = Permit (cho phép)/ Recommend (đề nghị)/ Advise (khuyên)
Infinitive: khi sau các động từ này có túc từ (Oject)
Gerund: Khi sau các động từ này không có Object.
E.g. He recommended going to the teacher’s.
He recommended us to go to the teacher’s.
3. Stop
Stop + To – Vo: dừng (việc gì đó đang làm) để làm hđ khác.
Stop + Ving: dừng hẳn việc đang làm.
Eg. When I came in his office, he stopped to talk to me.
He stopped talking with me because I made him angry.
4. Try (thử/ cố gắng)
Try + To-Vo: → try (cố gắng).
E.g. We all try to study well
Try + Ving: → try (thử)
E.g. I’ll try telling her.She might have the answer.
5. Need (cần)/ Deserve (xứng đáng)
Need + To-Vo: hđ mang nghĩa chủ động.
→ I need to clean my bicycle.
Need + Ving: hđ mang nghĩa bị động.
→ My bicycle needs cleaning (to cleaned).
6. Mean (có nghĩa là / muốn, có ý định)
Mean + V-ing: → mean: có nghĩa là
E.g. His gesture means agreeing with you.
Mean + To-Vo: → mean: muốn, có ý định.
E.g. Do you mean to argue with me?
7. Go on (tiếp tục/ chuyển qua vấn đề khác)
Go on + To-Vo: → go on: chuyển qua hđ khác.
E.g. The teacher introduced himself and went on to explain about the course.
Go on + V-ing: → go on: tiếp tục
E.g. The teacher told the class to be quiet, but they went on talking.)

REFERENCE LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS 

1.admit thừa nhận 16. finish 31. recollect
2. advise * 17. forget * 32. recommend
3. anticipate 18. hate * 33. regret *
4. avoid 19. can’t help 34. remember *
5. appreciate 20. keep 35. resent
6. can’t bear 21. like * 36. resit
7. begin * 22. love 37. risk
8. complete 23. mention 38. can’t stand
9. consider 24. mind 39. start *
10. continue * 25. miss 40. stop *
11. delay 26. postpone 41. suggest
12. deny 27. practice 42. tolerate
13. discuss 28. prefer * 43. try *
14. dislike 29. quit
15. enjoy 30. recollect
Examples:
1. He admitted stealing the money.
2. He avoided answering my question.
3. She advised waiting until tomorrow.
4. It began raining
5. I anticipate having a good time on vacation
6. I finally complete writing my term paper.
Verbs followed by either the infinitive or the gerund with little or no change in meaning
Ex: - Everyone in the class started laughing. = Everyone in the class started to laugh.
- I like getting up early.  I like to get up early.
 ‘I like getting up early’ means ‘I enjoy it.’
 ‘I like to get up early’ means ‘I think it is good or right to do it.’

Verbs Meaning Verbs Meaning

1. Begin Bắt đầu 8. Prefer Thích  hơn

2. Start Bắt đầu 9. Intend Dự đinh, có ý định

3. Continue Tiếp tục 10. Dread Kinh sợ

4. Like Thích 11. Neglect Sao lãng

5. Dislike Không thích 12. Can’t stand Không thể chịu

đưng

6. Hate Ghét 13. Can’t bear Không thể chịu nổi/

chịu đựng

7. Love Yêu

 Would like / would love / would hate / would prefer + infinitive; would mind + gerund

Verbs followed by either the infinitive or the gerund with an object or without an object
Ex: - I permit YOU to go out. = I permit going out.
- She recommends HOUSEWIVES to buy the big tins. = She recommends buying the big tins.

Verbs Meaning Verbs Meaning

1. Permit Cho phép 3. Advise Khuyên

2. Allow Cho phép 4. Recommend Giới thiệu, đề nghị

REFERENCE LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWEDBY INFINITIVES.

A. VERBS FOLLOWED IMMEDIATELY BY AN INFINITIVE
1. afford 16. expect 31. prepare
2. agree 17. fail 32. pretend
3. appear 18. forget * 33. promise
4. arrange 19. hate * 34. refuse
5. ask 20. hesitate 35. regret *
6. can’t bear * 21. hope 36. remember *
7. beg 22. learn 37. seem
 8. begin * 23. like * 38. can’t stand *
9. care 24. love * 39. start *
10. claim 25. manage 40. struggle
11. consent = agree 26. mean 41. swear
12. continue * 27. need 42. threaten
13. decide 28. offer 43. try *
14. demand 29. plan 44. volunteer
15. deserve 30. prefer * 45. wait
E.g. 1. I can’t afford to buy it 46. want
2. They offer to help us. 47. wish
3. She wishes to come with us.

COMMON PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS FOLLOWWED BY GERUNDS

Be excited/ be worried about Keep (someone)
Prevent (someone) from
Complain / dream / talk / think about (of) Prohibit (someone)
Stop (someone)
Apologize / blame (someone)
Forgive (someone) Believe
Have an excuse for Be interested in
Have a reason Participate
Be responsible Succeed
Thank (someone)
Be accustomed
Be accused In addition
Be capable Be committed
For the purpose Be devoted to
Be guilty Look forward
Instead of Object
Take advantage Be opposed
Take care Be used
Be tired
Insist on