Math and Trigonometry Formulas

Formula Description Example

SUM Adds all the numbers in a range of cells. SUM(A1:A10)
AVERAGE Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of its arguments. AVERAGE(A1:A10)
ROUND Rounds a number to a specified number of digits. ROUND(123.456, 2)
ABS Returns the absolute value of a number. ABS(-123)
INT Rounds a number down to the nearest integer. INT(123.456)
MOD Returns the remainder after a number is divided. MOD(10, 3)
POWER Returns the result of a number raised to a power. POWER(2, 3)
SQRT Returns the square root of a number. SQRT(16)
TRUNC Truncates a number to an integer by removing the fractional TRUNC(8.76)
part.
RANDBETWEEN Returns a random integer between two numbers. RANDBETWEEN(1,
100)

Logical Formulas

Formula Description Example

IF Returns one value if a condition is TRUE and another if FALSE. IF(A1>10, "Yes", "No")
AND Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE. AND(A1>5, B1<10)
OR Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE. OR(A1>5, B1<10)
NOT Reverses the logic of its argument. NOT(A1>5)
IFERROR Returns a value if there's an error, otherwise returns the result. IFERROR(A1/B1, 0)
TRUE Returns the logical value TRUE. TRUE()
FALSE Returns the logical value FALSE. FALSE()

Lookup and Reference Formulas

Formula Description Example

VLOOKUP Looks for a value in the first column and returns a value in VLOOKUP(1001, A2:D10, 2,
the same row. FALSE)
HLOOKUP Looks for a value in the first row and returns a value in the HLOOKUP("Age", A1:D10, 2,
same column. FALSE)
INDEX Returns the value of a cell in a table based on row and INDEX(A1:C10, 2, 3)
column numbers.
MATCH Returns the relative position of an item in a range. MATCH(39, B1:B10, 0)
OFFSET Returns a reference to a range that is offset by a specified OFFSET(A1, 2, 3)
number of rows and columns.
CHOOSE Returns a value from a list based on an index number. CHOOSE(2, "Red", "Green",
"Blue")

Text Formulas

Formula Description Example

CONCATENATE Joins two or more text strings into one. CONCATENATE("Hello", " ",
"World")
TEXT Formats a number and converts it to text. TEXT(1234.56, "$#,##0.00")
TRIM Removes all extra spaces except single spaces TRIM(" Hello World ")
between words.
LEN Returns the number of characters in a text string. LEN("Excel")
LEFT Returns the first character(s) in a text string. LEFT("Excel", 2)
RIGHT Returns the last character(s) in a text string. RIGHT("Excel", 3)
MID Returns a specific number of characters from a text MID("Excel", 2, 3)
string, starting at the specified position.
FIND Finds one text value within another (case- FIND("e", "Excel")
sensitive).
SUBSTITUTE Replaces existing text with new text in a string. SUBSTITUTE("2024/11/21", "/",
"-")

Date and Time Formulas

Formula Description Example

TODAY Returns the current date. TODAY()
NOW Returns the current date and time. NOW()
DATE Returns a date value from year, month, and day. DATE(2024, 11, 21)
DAY Returns the day of the month for a date. DAY(TODAY())
MONTH Returns the month of a date. MONTH(TODAY())
YEAR Returns the year of a date. YEAR(TODAY())
WEEKDAY Returns the day of the week for a date. WEEKDAY(TODAY())

Financial Formulas

Formula Description Example

PV Returns the present value of an investment. PV(5%, 10, -200)
FV Returns the future value of an investment. FV(5%, 10, -200, 0, 1)
NPV Returns the net present value of an investment. NPV(10%, B1:B10)
IRR Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash IRR(A1:A10)
flows.
PMT Returns the payment for a loan based on constant PMT(5%/12, 60, -30000)
payments and interest rate.
RATE Returns the interest rate per period of a loan or RATE(60, -200, 10000)
investment.
CUMIPMT Returns the cumulative interest paid on a loan between CUMIPMT(5%/12, 60, 10000, 1,
two periods. 12, 0)
CUMPRINC Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan CUMPRINC(5%/12, 60, 10000, 1,
between two periods. 12, 0)

Statistical Formulas

Formula Description Example

COUNT Counts the number of numeric values in a range. COUNT(A1:A10)
COUNTA Counts the number of non-empty cells in a range. COUNTA(A1:A10)
COUNTIF Counts the number of cells that meet a specified condition. COUNTIF(A1:A10, ">5")
AVERAGEIF Returns the average of cells that meet a specified condition. AVERAGEIF(A1:A10, ">5")
MEDIAN Returns the median of the numbers provided. MEDIAN(A1:A10)
STDEV Estimates standard deviation based on a sample. STDEV(A1:A10)
VAR Estimates variance based on a sample. VAR(A1:A10)
LARGE Returns the nth largest value in a data set. LARGE(A1:A10, 2)
SMALL Returns the nth smallest value in a data set. SMALL(A1:A10, 2)
Information Formulas

Formula Description Example

ISBLANK Returns TRUE if the cell is empty. ISBLANK(A1)
ISNUMBER Returns TRUE if the value is a number. ISNUMBER(A1)
ISERROR Returns TRUE if the value is an error. ISERROR(A1/B1)
ISTEXT Returns TRUE if the value is text. ISTEXT(A1)
TYPE Returns the type of value (number, text, etc.). TYPE(A1)
INFO Returns information about the current operating environment. INFO("directory")
NA Returns the error value #N/A. NA()

Engineering Formulas

Formula Description Example

BIN2DEC Converts a binary number to a decimal number. BIN2DEC("110")
DEC2BIN Converts a decimal number to binary. DEC2BIN(6)
COMBIN Returns the number of combinations for a given number of COMBIN(10, 2)
items.
CONVERT Converts a number from one measurement system to another. CONVERT(100, "km",
"mi")
FACT Returns the factorial of a number. FACT(5)
GCD Returns the greatest common divisor of two numbers. GCD(24, 36)
LCM Returns the least common multiple of two numbers. LCM(12, 18)

Database Formulas

Formula Description Example

DSUM Adds the numbers in a column of a database that DSUM(Database, "Sales",
match conditions. Criteria)
DAVERAGE Returns the average of values in a column of a DAVERAGE(Database, "Profit",
database that match conditions. Criteria)
DCOUNT Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database DCOUNT(Database, "Quantity",
column that match conditions. Criteria)
DMAX Returns the largest number in a column of a database DMAX(Database, "Price",
that matches conditions. Criteria)
DMIN Returns the smallest number in a column of a DMIN(Database, "Price",
database that matches conditions. Criteria)

Array Formulas

Formula Description Example

TRANSPOSE Converts a vertical range of cells to a horizontal range, or TRANSPOSE(A1:A5)
vice versa.
MMULT Returns the matrix product of two arrays. MMULT(A1:B2, C1:D2)
FREQUENCY Calculates how often values occur within a range. FREQUENCY(A1:A10,
B1:B5)
SEQUENCE Generates a sequence of numbers in an array. SEQUENCE(5, 1)