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Designprocess

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gamerkruse20
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© © All Rights Reserved
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A Design Process

Introduction to Engineering Design © 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


The Design Process

• What Is Design?
• What Is a Design Process?
• Design Process Examples
• Design Process Used in IED

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


What Is Design?

The word Design is also a


“design” is often process that is
used as a used to
generic term systematically
that refers to solve problems.
anything that
was made by a
conscious
human effort.

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


What Is a Design Process?

A design process is a systematic


problem-solving strategy, with
criteria and constraints, used to
develop many possible solutions to
solve or satisfy human needs or
wants and to narrow down the
possible solutions to one final
choice.

– ITEA Standards for Technological


Literacy

Images courtesy of NASA © 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Design Process
Various design
processes are
used across
different technical
fields. The
following are
examples.

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Design Process Example

1. Identify problems and opportunities


2. Frame a design brief
3. Investigate and research
4. Generate alternative solutions
5. Choose a solution
6. Developmental work
7. Model and prototype
8. Test and evaluate
9. Redesign and improve
Design and Problem Solving in
Technology © 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Design Process Example

1. Identify the need


2. Define the criteria
3. Explore/research/investigate
4. Generate alternate solutions
5. Choose a solution
6. Develop the solution
7. Model/prototype
8. Test and evaluate
9. Redesign and improve

Engineering Drawing and Design


(3rd edition) © 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Design Process Example

1. Define the problem


2. Brainstorm
3. Research and generate ideas
4. Identify criteria and specify constraints
5. Explore possibilities
6. Select an approach
7. Develop a design proposal
8. Make a model or prototype
9. Test and evaluate the design using specifications
10. Refine the design
11. Create or make solution
12. Communicate processes and results

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Design Process used in IED
1. Define the Problem
2. Generate Concepts
3. Develop a Solution
4. Construct and Test a
Prototype
5. Evaluate the Solution
6. Present the Solution
This design process was developed based on the
University of Maryland - College Park - IRB
Research Project

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Design Process
• Design process used in IED is an example
of one design process
• Many design processes exist and are
effective
• Consistently applying a single clearly
defined design process provides a basis
for understanding

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Define the Problem
• Identify a problem
• Validate the problem
– Who says it is a problem?
– Needs and wants
– Prior solutions
• Justify the problem
– Is the problem worth solving?
• Create design requirements (specifications)
– Criteria and constraints
• Design Brief
© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Define the Problem
• Design Brief
– A written plan that identifies
a problem to be solved, its
criteria, and its constraints.
– Used to encourage thinking
of all aspects of a problem
before attempting a
solution.

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Define the Problem

• Identify a problem
• Validate the problem
– Who says it is a problem?
In some cases, if the
– Needs and wants problem is not valid or
– Prior solutions justifiable, the designer
• Justify the problem must define a new
problem.
– Is the problem worth solving?
• Create design requirements (specifications)
– Criteria and constraints
• Design Brief
© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Generate Concepts
• Research
• Brainstorm possible
solutions
• Consider additional design
goals
• Apply STEM principles
• Select an approach
• Decision Matrix

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Generate Concepts

• Decision Matrix
− A tool used to compare
design solutions against one
another, using specific
criteria.

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Generate Concepts
• Research
• Brainstorm possible
solutions
• Consider additional design
goals
• Apply STEM principles
If the technology
• Select an approach necessary to develop
• Decision Matrix the solution does not
exist, scientific research
may be necessary to
pursue a solution.

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Develop a Solution
• Create detailed design
solution
• Justify the solution path
• Technical Drawings

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Develop a Solution
• Technical Drawings
– Drawings that provide
technical information
necessary to produce a
product.
• material, size, shape
• assembly, if necessary

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Develop a Solution
• Select an approach
– Decision Matrix
• Create detailed design
solution
– Technical Drawings
• Justify the solution path

If a solution is found to be
invalid or cannot be
justified, the designer must
return to a previous step in
the design process.
© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Construct and Test
a Prototype
• Construct a testable
prototype
• Plan prototype testing
– Performance
– Usability
– Durability
• Test prototype
– collect test data
– analyze test data
• Test Report
© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Construct and Test
a Prototype
• Construct a testable
prototype
• Plan prototype testing
– Performance
– Usability
–If Durability
a testable prototype
cannot be built or test
• Test prototype
data analysis indicates a
–flawed
collectdesign,
test data
the
–designer
analyzemust
test data
return to a
• Test
previous
Reportstep of the
design process.
© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Evaluate the Solution
• Evaluate solution
effectiveness
• Reflect on design
– Recommend improvements
• Optimize/Redesign the
solution
– [Return to prior design
process steps, if necessary]
– Revise design documents
• Project Recommendations

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Evaluate the Solution
• Evaluate solution
effectiveness
• Reflect on design
– Recommend improvements
• Optimize/Redesign the
solution
– [Return to prior design
process steps, if necessary]
– Revise design documents
• Project Recommendations

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Evaluate the Solution

Does the solution solve


the problem?

If not, the designer must


return to a previous step
of the design process.

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Present the Solution
• Document the project
– Project Portfolio
• Communicate the
project
– Formal Presentation

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Design Process
• Iterative
– a process that
repeats a series of
steps over and over
until the desired
outcome is obtained

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


A Design Process

Product improvement
or redesign will
Product
Innovation
require the designer
to repeat the design
process.

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


Image Resources
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (n.d.).
NASA image exchange. Retrieved from http://nix.nasa.gov/.

© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

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