Task 7: Surfing the web using web browsers, Awareness of various threats on the internet and its solutions,

Search
engines and usage of various search engines, Need of anti-virus, Installation of anti-virus, configuring personal firewall
and windows update.

(Students should get connected to their Local Area Network and access the internet. In the process they should
configure the TCP/IP setting and demonstrate how to access the websites and email. Students customize their web
browsers using bookmarks, search tool bars and pop up blockers)

AIM: To learn local area network and access the internet. In the process they configure the TCP/IP setting, Finally students
should demonstrate, to the instructor, how to access the websites and email.

Software requirement: Local area network to access the internet

Hardware requirement: Personal computer

Theory:

The internet is a worldwide, publicly network of interconnected computer networks

LOCAL AREA NETWORK:

LANs are privately owned networks with in a single building or campus of up to few kilometers in size.

WIDE AREA NETWORK:

WAN is a network that connects computers across a large geographic area such as a city or country

TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):

Collection of methods used to connect servers on the internet and to exchange data.

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language):

The coding used to control the look of documents on the web

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol):
Part of a url that identifies the location as one that uses HTML
IP (Internet Protocol):
A format for contents and addresses of packets of information sent over the internet
IP ADDRESS:
An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP networks.
SEARCH ENGINE:
A program that searches documents located on the Internet for keywords or phrases entered by a person
browsing the net.
Internet Connection requirements:
 TCP/IP protocol
 Client Software
 ISP Account
Means of communication to the net:
  telephone Modem
 Ethernet
 ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)
 DSL(Digital Subscriber Line)
 Satellite.
PROCEDURE (write these steps in the left white page of record)

1. Go to start>control Panel
2. open Network Connections
3. Click create a new connection and then click next

4. The new connection wizard window opens , click next to continue

5. Choose one of the options in the next dialog box

6. Choose one of the three options in the next dialog box
 If you do not have an internet account click choose from a list of ISPs and then click next
 If you have an account click Set up my connection manually
 If you have a CD from the ISP click use the CD I got from an ISP and then click next

7. Follow the next steps as per the option you selected.

RESULT: In this way we can learn surfing the web

AIM: To learn to surf the web

Software requirement: Local area network to access the internet

Hardware requirement: Personal computer

Theory:

What is a web browser?

 A software application used to access information on the World Wide Web is called a Web Browser. When a user
requests some information, the web browser fetches the data from a web server and then displays the webpage
on the user’s screen.

 Given below are the examples of the most commonly used web browsers:

• Google Chrome

• Internet Explorer

• Mozilla Firefox

• Opera

Functions of Web Browser:

Our dependency on the Internet has massively increased. Stated below are functions of web browsers and how
are they useful:

 The main function is to retrieve information from the World Wide Web and making it available for users

 Visiting any website can be done using a web browser. When a URL is entered in a browser, the web
server takes us to that website

 It makes Internet surfing easy as once we reach a website, we can easily check the hyperlinks and get
more and more useful data online

 Browsers user internal cache which gets stored, and the user can open the same webpage time and again
without losing extra data

 Multiple webpages can be opened at the same time on a web browser

 Options like back, forward, reload, stop reload, home, etc. are available on these web browsers, which
make using them easy and convenient
Bookmark:

 Each web browser is built-in with the support of Internet Bookmarks which serve as a named anchor –
primarily to URLs. The primary purpose of this bookmark is to easily catalog and access web pages that the
web browser user has visited or plans to visit, without having to navigate the web to get there.

Steps to add a bookmark (write these steps in the left side white page)

 Add a bookmark

1. On your computer, open Chrome

2. Go to the site you want to visit in the future

3. To the right of the address bar, click Star.

Pop-up Blockers:

 Pop-ups are a form of online advertising on the WWW intended to attract the attention of the users. These
pop ups are hosted on the web sites which are frequently visited by the people. These pop ups are
activated when these web sites open a new web browser window and there by displaying the
advertisements.

Steps to be followed to allow/block pop-up (write these steps in the left side white page)

 Turn pop-ups on or off

1. On your computer, open Chrome.

2. At the top right, click more. Settings.
3. Under "Privacy and security," click Site settings.
4. Click Pop-ups and redirects.
5. At the top, turn the setting to Allowed or Blocked.
AIM: To know what search engines are and how to use the search engines

Software requirement: Local area network to access the internet

Hardware requirement: Personal computer

Theory:

Search engine:
A search engine can be defined as a web site with tools which help you to find information on the internet
 Function of a search engine:
 User can search for any information by passing query in form of keywords or phrase. It then searches for
relevant information in its database and return to the user.

Search Engine Working

 Web crawler, database and the search interface are the major component of a search engine that actually makes
search engine to work. Search engines make use of Boolean expression AND, OR, NOT to restrict and widen the
results of a search. Following are the steps that are performed by the search engine:

 The search engine looks for the keyword in the index for predefined database instead of going directly to the web
to search for the keyword.

 It then uses software to search for the information in the database. This software component is known as web
crawler.

 Once web crawler finds the pages, the search engine then shows the relevant web pages as a result. These
retrieved web pages generally include title of page, size of text portion, first several sentences etc.

 These search criteria may vary from one search engine to the other. The retrieved information is ranked according
to various factors such as frequency of keywords, relevancy of information, links etc.

 User can click on any of the search results to open it.

 Examples: Following are the several search engines available today: (write this table in the left side white page)

Aim: To learn various threats on the internet and configure the computer to be safe on the internet.

Software requirement: Antivirus software

Hardware requirement: personal computer

Theory:

Antivirus:

 virus is any unwanted program that enters a user's system without their knowledge

 Antivirus Software is a data security utility which is installed in a computer system with a purpose of protection
from viruses, spyware, malware, rootkits, Trojans, phishing attacks, spam attack, and other online cyber threats.
Need of Antivirus:

 Antivirus software is designed to detect, prevent and take action against malicious software in your computer,
including viruses. Even if you're smart with how you use your computer to avoid coming into contact with a
virus, antivirus software is an essential part of a good security strategy

Firewall:

 A firewall is a special software or hardware designed to protect a private computer network from unauthorized
access. A firewall is a set of related programs located at a network gateway server which protects the resources of
the private network from users from other networks.

Firewall: Hardware or Software

 Firewall comes at both levels, i.e., hardware and software, though it's best to have both.

 A hardware firewall is a physical device that attaches between a computer network and a gateway. For
example, a broadband router.

 On the other hand, a software firewall is a simple program installed on a computer that works through
port numbers and other installed software.

Need of Firewall:

 Firewalls are primarily used to prevent malware and network-based attacks. Additionally, they can help in blocking
application-layer attacks. These firewalls act as a gatekeeper or a barrier. They monitor every attempt between our
computer and another network. They do not allow data packets to be transferred through them unless the data is
coming or going from a user-specified trusted source.

Some important risks of not having a firewall are:

 Open Access

 Lost or Comprised Data

 Network Crashes
Procedure: (write these steps on the left side white paper)

Installing Symantec antivirus for Windows:

 Insert Symantec antivirus CD into your CD drive

 Double click on the Symantec-setup.exe

 The installer will open

 Click next to proceed

 License agreement will open. Click I accept the terms of the license agreement and then click next.

 Follow the instruction on the screen to complete the installation.

Get Computer Updates:

 Click start> settings>control panel

 Click Automatic Updates icon to open Automatic Updates dialog box

 Check the box Keep my computer up to date

 Choose a setting

 Click OK
Block Pop ups:

 In the IE open tools>pop-up blocker

 Click on Turn on Pop- up blocker

Windows Firewall:
 Go to Start>control panel>Network and Internet Connections >windows firewall
 In the general tab check the On(recommended) box
 If you don‘t want any exceptions check on Don’t allow exceptions box
RESULT: Antivirus is installed