Al-Quds University

Introduction to Circuit Lab

[lab 0701213]

Experiment #9

Experiment name :RL AND RC CIRCUIT

Name: Zobeer Qunbar .

Student Number: 22120011.

Dr: Safaa Naseeraldin.

The preparation Date: 12/12/2023.

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Table of Contents
Introduction:................................................................................................................................................. 3
Objective....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Equipments List: ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Background: .................................................................................................................................................. 4
Part 1: ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Part 2: ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Results and conclusion : ............................................................................................................................. 11
Discussion: .................................................................................................................................................. 12

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Introduction:
An RC circuit contains a resistor and a capacitor. Similarly, a circuit with a resistor
and an inductor is an RL circuit. When these circuits are connected to a DC power
supply (such as a battery), the current through the circuits and the potential
difference between the terminals of the circuit elements will vary with time.
During this experiment, you will study the basic behavior of an RC circuit and an
RL circuit. In particular, you will study how the voltage across the plates of a
capacitor (also known as a condenser) changes with time, first when the capacitor
is being charged, and then when it is being discharged. You will measure the time
constant associated with this change in voltage, and use it to understand the rules
for how capacitors combine in series and parallel circuits. Finally, you will study
how the potential difference across the terminals of an inductor changes with
time when an RL circuit is connected to or disconnected from a power supply

Objective:

❖ To study the behavior of an RL circuit, particularly observing the

transient response when the circuit is switched on or off.
❖ To study the behavior of an RC circuit, particularly observing the
transient response when the circuit is switched on or off.

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Equipments List:

✓ Power supply (DC)

✓ Capacitor
✓ Inductor
✓ Resistor
✓ Ammeter (to measure current)
✓ Voltmeter (to measure voltage)
✓ Connecting wires

Background:
In RC circuits, the interactions between the capacitor and resistor
define the charging and discharging processes when the circuit is
switched, creating distinct patterns in voltage and current over time.
Charging Phase:
• Initial Discharged State: At t=0, when the switch moves to position
1, the capacitor is initially discharged (VC=0).

• Charging Process: As the switch changes, the voltage across the

resistor causes a current to flow, charging the capacitor.
• Initial Rapid Charging: Initially, the charging current is high, rapidly
increasing the capacitor voltage.
• Decreasing Rate of Charging: As the capacitor charges, the voltage
across the resistor decreases, reducing the current flow and slowing
down the charging rate.
• Approaching Equilibrium: Charging continues until the capacitor
reaches the voltage of the power supply (VPS), approaching this value
asymptotically.

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• Charging Equation: The relationship between capacitor voltage
(VC) and time (t) during charging is given by VC(t)=VPS×(1−e−RCt),
where τ=RC is the time constant.

Discharging Phase:
• Fully Charged State: Assuming the capacitor is fully charged to
VPS, when the switch moves to position 2 at t=0, the entire capacitor
voltage (VC) is applied across the resistor in the reverse direction.
• Discharging Process: The capacitor starts discharging through the
resistor, decreasing its voltage.
• Initial Rapid Discharge: Initially, the discharging current is high,
quickly reducing the capacitor voltage.
• Reducing Discharge Rate: As the capacitor voltage decreases, the
discharging current also decreases, slowing down the rate of voltage
reduction.
• Approaching Zero Voltage: Discharging stops when the capacitor
voltage reaches zero, approaching this asymptotically.
• Discharging Equation: The relationship between capacitor voltage
(VC) and time (t) during discharging is given by VC(t)=VPS×e−RCt.

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PROCEDURE:-

Part 1:
RC circuit

1- Build the circuit shown in the figure 9.4 on the breadboard with
R= 1 KΩ , and C = 0.22µF.

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2- Set The Function generator to give input signal with 8 volt peak to
peak amplitude, frequency 500Hz, duty cycle 50% , and 4 DC
offset.

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Data:
Part 1:
CH1 CH2
Coupling DC DC

Time/Div 500 µs 500 µs

Volt/Div 5 5

Amplitude 4 4

Frequency 500Hz 500Hz

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Part 2: RL circuit
1. Build the circuit shown in the figure 9.5 on the breadboard with R=1KΩ, and

L=100mH.

2. Set the function generator to give input signal with 8 volt peak to peak

amplitude, frequency 1KHz, duty cycle 50%, and 4 volt DC- offset.

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Data:
Part 2:
CH1 CH2
Coupling AC AC

Time/Div 500 µs 500 µs

Volt/Div 5 5

Amplitude 4 4

Frequency 1kHz 1kHz

Results and conclusion :

Conclusion:

From this lab I understood the use of Oscilloscope and function generator.
To analysis different electric we must know the use of these two devices.
These devices will be helpful to check the voltage drop in the circuit and to
give
variable frequency to a circui
From this lab I understood the use of Oscilloscope and function generator.
To analysis different electric we must know the use of these two devices.
These devices will be helpful to check the voltage drop in the circuit and to
give
variable frequency to a circui
From this lab I understood the use of Oscilloscope and function generator.
To analysis different electric we must know the use of these two devices.
These devices will be helpful to check the voltage drop in the circuit and to
give
variable frequency to a circuit
From this lab I understood the use of Oscilloscope and function generator.
To analysis different electric we must know the use of these two devices.
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These devices will be helpful to check the voltage drop in the circuit and to
give
variable frequency to a circuit
RC and RL circuits demonstrate transient behavior, emphasizing how components
(capacitors and inductors) interact with resistors, influencing the circuit's voltage
and current responses during charging, discharging, or establishing current flow.
Understanding these transient responses and the role of time constants is crucial
in various applications across electrical engineering and electronics.

Discussion:

From this lab I understood the use of Oscilloscope and function

generator.
To analysis different electric we must know the use of these two
devices.
These devices will be helpful to check the voltage drop in the circuit and
to give
variable frequency to a circui
From this lab I understood the use of Oscilloscope and function
generator.
To analysis different electric we must know the use of these two
devices.
These devices will be helpful to check the voltage drop in the circuit and
to give
variable frequency to a circui
From this lab I understood the use of Oscilloscope and function
generator.
To analysis different electric we must know the use of these two
devices.

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These devices will be helpful to check the voltage drop in the circuit and
to give
variable frequency to a circuit
From this lab I understood the use of Oscilloscope and function
generator.
To analysis different electric we must know the use of these two
devices.
These devices will be helpful to check the voltage drop in the circuit and
to give
variable frequency to a circuit
Understanding Transient Responses: Offers hands-on experience in
observing how components react during circuit switching, highlighting
transient behaviors before reaching stable states.

Circuit Design Insights: Crucial in designing and analyzing circuits for

various applications like filters, signal processing, and power supplies,
providing foundational knowledge for circuit engineers.

Fundamental Electronics: RC and RL circuits serve as foundational

building blocks for more complex electronic systems, providing the
basis for advanced circuit designs in electrical engineering.

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