Ethics and

Evidence-based
Teaching (EBT)
in Nursing
Education
 ETHICS
Ethics refers to the branch of philosophy that deals with moral
principles and how individuals and societies should behave. It
is concerned with questions of right and wrong, good and bad,
and the moral values that guide human behavior. Ethics
provides a framework for making decisions and evaluating
actions in various aspects of life, including personal,
professional, and societal.
Key components and concepts within ethics include:
Normative Ethics
 Utilitarianism
 Deontology
 Virtue ethics
 Applied ethics
 Metaethics
 Ethical dilemmas
 Ethical theories
 Ethical decision-making
 Professional ethics
 Environmental ethics
 Ethical relativism
 Ethical issues
 VALUES
Definitions
• A value is defined as “relative worth, merit, or importance.
Values guide our decision-making, how we live our lives, and
shape our consciousness.
• Values are fundamental beliefs and principles that guide an
individual’s attitudes, behaviors, and decision-making.
• A virtue is defined as “moral excellence, goodness,
righteousness.
Characteristics of Values
Wolfgang Bilsky and Schwartz described the following
characteristics of values:
They are beliefs or concepts.
They are related to anticipated end states or behaviors.
Not bound or limited by specific situations.
Steer choice or decision making or appraisal or making
judgement of behavior and events.
Are arranged according to the relative importance.
 VALUE BASED EDUCATION IN NURSING
Value-based education in nursing is an essential aspect of preparing
nursing professionals to provide high-quality and compassionate care to
patients. It involves instilling core values, ethics, and principles into the
education and practice of nurses. These values serve as a foundation for
making ethical decisions, delivering patient-centered care, and
upholding the integrity of the nursing profession.
Components of Value-based Education
1.Compassion and
Empathy 2.Ethical Practice
3.Professionalism
4.Cultural Competence
5.Patient-Centered Care
6.Holistic Care
7. Advocacy
8. Continuous Improvement
9.Teamwork and
Collaboration 10.Personal
Integrity 11.Critical Thinking
CORE NURSING VALUES
American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN, 1998) adopt that
nursing programs enable the development of professional values. The
five core nursing values include the followings
Human Dignity
It is one of the most important professional values, has become a part of
ethical issues in the field of nursing education. It means having respect
for human individuality and treating everyone as a unique human being.
Human dignity is recognized with aspects such as respect, self-
confidence, self-control and environment control, privacy, and identity
which increase through relationships. The threatening of dignity causes
loss of control and ignorance.
Integrity
• Integrity is a complex set of values that must be considered as a whole, a
relational framework of values that exist for defined communities and
individuals. Integrity is the quality of being fair and honest, having strong
moral principles, or having a firm adherence to a code of moral values.
Integrity in nursing practice means keeping confidences, practicing
forthrightness, and having an overall sense of trustworthiness.
Autonomy
• Autonomy is fundamental to nursing practice, and it is one of the most
essential characteristics of the profession. It is the ability to use professional
knowledge and judgment to make decisions and act. It is an essential
characteristic of the nursing profession; therefore, it is imperative nurses
understand the importance of autonomy and the factors that enhance or
reduce autonomy in one’s practice.
Altruism
•Altruism is a key characteristic that means generosity at a cost to
oneself. It is the name for the feeling that people should help one
another without regard for compensation or reward. Altruism is
introduced by AACN in 1998 as “a concern for the welfare and well-
being of others” (AACN., 1998). Altruism represents an amalgamation
of intrinsic and extrinsic factors which either permit or coerce
individuals to take responsibility for or care for another and to
sacrifice things dearly held.
•Social Justice
The AACN defines social justice as fair treatment, regardless of one’s
economic status, race, ethnicity, age, citizenship, disability, or sexual
orientation.
 VALUE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
Phylogenetically values are required for survival and ontogenetically
believes they are formed early with a 5-year-old being able to
differentiate between values. Biological underpinnings of some values
such as empathy have been linked to mirror neurons. These neurons
respond to actions that we see in others in such a way that we recreate
the action we are observing.
Value Development Strategies in Nursing
1.Education and
Training 2.Self-
Reflection
3. Code of Ethics
4. Clinical Supervision and Mentorship
5. Communication Skills
6.Cultural Competence
7.Patient-Centered Care
8.Ethical Decision-Making
9.Advocacy
10.Professionalism
11.Teamwork
12.Leadership
Development
13. Research and Evidence-Based Practice
14. Feedback and Evaluation
15.Personal Growth
 ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
Ethical decisions inspire trust and with-it fairness, responsibility, and
care for others. The ethical decision-making process recognizes these
conditions and requires reviewing all available options, eliminating
unethical views, and choosing the best ethical alternative. Good
decisions are both effective and ethical. In professional relationships,
good decisions build respect, and trust, and are generally consistent with
good citizenship. Effective decisions are effective when they achieve
what they were made for. A choice that produces unintended results is
ineffective and therefore not good.
Ethical decision-making process and roadmap
 ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR STUDENTS
Honesty is regarded as a basic ethical value in all educational
programmes, and academic integrity is of unquestionable
importance in educational environments. Academic dishonesty
is considered as ethical issue which includes cheating, forgery,
plagiarism. Integrity, sincerity, empathy. Honesty are the
necessary attributes to uphold professional ethics in the field of
nursing.
Academic dishonesty among nursing students includes:
•Plagiarism
•Cheating
•Forgery
•Dishonesty in the clinical setting is as follows:
•Violating patient privacy
•Not performing recording procedures properly
•Improper use of resources
Common Ethical Standards for Students

1. Honesty and Integrity

2. Respect for Others
3. Respect for Intellectual Property
4. Adherence to Academic Rules
5. Fair Collaboration
6. Accurate Representation
7. Timely and Responsible Behavior
8. Respect for Campus Resources
9. Respect for Privacy
10.Responsible Use of
Technology 11.Civic
Responsibility 12.Academic
Honesty Reporting 13.Conflict
Resolution 14.Continuous Self-
Improvement
 ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR FACULTY
The Ethical Standards for the students represent a visual sense of
professional practice. Karen Strohm Kitchener in Ethical Principles and
Ethical Decisions in Student Affairs (1985), provide some common
principles that can guide professionals when servicing students. They
are as follow:
•Be respectful.
•Respect the dignity of the student.
•Act to benefit the student.
•Facilitate student learning.
•Provide a safe environment.
•Maintain the highest level of professional behaviour.
•Do not cause harm.
Purposes of the Ethical Standards
 The Purposes of the Ethical Standards for the faculty are:
 To inspire members to reflect and uphold the honour and dignity of
the teaching profession
 To identify the ethical responsibilities and commitments in the
teaching profession.
 To guide ethical decisions and actions in the teaching profession.
 To promote public trust and confidence in the teaching profession.
Ethical Standards for Faculty
The ethical standards for faculty are as follow:
• Care
The ethical standard of care includes compassion, acceptance, interest, and insight for developing
students’ potential. Members express their commitment to students’ well-being and learning through
positive influence, professional judgment, and empathy in practice.
• Respect
Intrinsic to the ethical standard of Respect are trust and fair-mindedness. Members honour human
dignity, emotional wellness, and cognitive development. In their professional practice, they model
respect for spiritual and cultural values, social justice, confidentiality, freedom, democracy, and the
environment.
• Trust
The ethical standard of Trust embodies fairness, openness, and honesty. Members’ professional
relationships with students, colleagues, parents, guardians, and the public are based on trust.
• Integrity
Honesty, reliability, and moral action are embodied in the ethical standard of Integrity. Continual
reflection assists members in exercising integrity in their professional commitments and
responsibilities.
 STUDENT-FACULTY RELATIONSHIP

The student-faculty relationship is a crucial aspect of academic

life, and maintaining ethical standards within this relationship
is essential for the well-being and success of students and the
integrity of educational institutions. Here are some ethical
standards that faculty members should adhere to in their
interactions with students:
1.Maintain Professional Boundaries
2.Equal Treatment
3.Respect and Courtesy
4.Confidentiality
5.Avoid Conflicts of Interest
6.Maintain Academic Integrity
7.Accessible and Fair Grading
8.Provide Effective Instruction
9.Accommodate Diverse Needs
10.Report Concerns
 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
“The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the current best
evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients”
EVIDENCE-BASED TEACHING
Evidence-based teaching, also known as evidence-based instruction,
refers to an approach to teaching and education that relies on empirical
evidence and research to inform instructional practices and decision-
making in the classroom. Evidence-based teaching aims to improve the
effectiveness of teaching and learning by using research findings and
data to guide instructional strategies and interventions.
 Principles of Evidence-Based Teaching

1.Data-driven Decision Making

2.Research-based Practices
3.Continuous Improvement
4.Individualization
5.Assessment and Feedback
6.Professional Development
7.Student-centered Learning
8.Technology Integration
9.Feedback and Reflection
10.Ethical Considerations
 Evidence-Based Education Process
Implementing evidence-based education involves a systematic
process incorporating research findings and best practices into
teaching and learning strategies.
Here’s a step-by-step guide to the evidence-based education
process:
 Identify Educational Goals and Objectives
 Collect Educational Evidence
 Assess Existing Curriculum and Practices
 Formulate Evidence-Based Strategies
 Select and Adapt Resources
 Plan Assessment and Evaluation
 Implementation
 Collect Data
 Analyze Data
 Feedback and Adjustments
 Professional Development
 Quality Assurance
 Incorporate Student Feedback
 Disseminate Findings
 Sustainability
 APPLICATION OF EVIDENCE-BASED EDUCATION
TO NURSING EDUCATION
 Curriculum Development
 Teaching Methods and Strategies
 Clinical Education
 Assessment and Evaluation
 Simulation-Based Learning
 Interprofessional Education (IPE)
 Technology Integration
 Research Literacy
 Continuing Education for Faculty
 Quality Improvement and Evaluation
 Patient-Centered Care
 Ethical Considerations