Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

MICRO-PROJECT

ON

“CAISSON FOUNDATION”

SUBMITTED TO

MSBTE

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIRMENT OF DIPLOMA OF

CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNDER I SCHEME

SUBMITTED BY

MISS. STELLA MANVEL DANTAS

MISS. SANIYA RAJAN HODAWADEKAR
MR. JATIN KUMAR SHARAMA

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

PROF. H.S.SHAIKH
FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024

YASHWANTRAO BHONSALE INSTITUTION OF TECHNOLOGY

SAWANTWADI

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

CERTIFICATE

This is to clarify that, Roll No.

MISS. STELLA MANVEL DANTAS 04

MISS. SANIYA RAJAN HODAWADEKAR 05
MR. JATIN KUMAR SHARAMA 06

Of Third Semester of Diploma in Civil Engineering of Institute Yashwantarao Bhonsale

Institutite of Technology (1742) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in Course
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION (22304) for the academic year 2023-2024 as prescribed in
curriculum.

Faculty HOD Principal

Seal Of

Institute

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

GROUP MEMBERS:

Sr. No. Name Of The Student Roll Number

1. Dantas Stella Manvel 04
2. Hodawadekar Saniya Rajan 05
3. Sharma Jatin Arunkumar 06

GUIDED BY :- H.S.SHAIKH

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

CONTENT

PART A:

1. Brief Introduction
2. Aim Of Micro Project
3. Resources Required
4. Action Plan

PART B:

1. Brief Description

2.Aim Of Micro Project

3.Course Outcome Integrated

4. Actual Procedure Followed

5. Outputs Of Micro Project

6. Skill Developed / Learning Out Of This Micro Project

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

PART A

1.Brief Introduction

A caisson foundation also called as pier foundation is a watertight retaining structure used as a
bridge pier, in the construction of a concrete dam, or for the repair of ships. It is a prefabricated
hollow box or cylinder sunk into the ground to some demanded depth and then filled with
concrete thus forming a foundation.
Caisson foundation is Most often used in the construction of bridge piers & other structures
that require foundation beneath rivers & other bodies of water. This is because caissons can be
floated to the job site and sunk into place.

2. Aim Of The Micro-Project

1) To determine information of caisson foundation

2) To identify the types of caisson foundation.

3.Resources Required

Sr.No Name of Specification Quantity Remark

Resources/
Material

1 Computer 01
2 BCO Text book MSBTE 01

3 Printer 01

4 Reference Book 01

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

4.Action Plan

Sr No Details of Planned Start Planned Name of team members

activity date finished date

1. We Select project topic Miss. Stella Dantas

Miss. Sniya Hodawadekar
8/09/2023 9/09/2023
Mr. Jatin Sharma

2 Gathering information
about caisson Miss. Stella Dantas
12/09/2023 15/09/2023
foundation

3 Gathering information
about types of caisson
foundation 18/09/2023 24/09/2023 Miss. Sniya Hodawadekar

4 Gathering information
about construction of
25/09/2023 27/09/2023 Mr. Jatin Sharma
caisson foundation.

5 Collect the data typing

that Microsoft word
28/09/2023 30/09/2023 Mr. Jatin Sharma
office

6 Show the prepare Miss. Stella Dantas

report to mam Miss. Sniya Hodawadekar
03/10/2023 03/10/2023
Mr. Jatin Sharma

7 Printing and preparing Miss. Stella Dantas

file of the project Miss. Sniya Hodawadekar
10/09/2023 12/09/2023
Mr. Jatin Sharma

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

PART B

1. Brief description

Caisson is defined as Structures that are poured into water or soil to remove water or semi-
liquid material during foundation excavation and eventually become a permanent part of the
underlying structure.
Caisson is used for excavation of river bridge foundations, pillars, abutments, or for protection
of shore, for construction of push-ups, construction of lighthouses, etc. Caisson remains on the
excavation site and eventually becomes part of the permanent construction.
Caisson foundations are similar in form to pile foundations, but are installed using a different
method. It is used when soil of adequate bearing strength is found below surface layers of weak
materials such as fill or peat. It is a form of deep foundation which are constructed above
ground level, then sunk to the required level by excavating or dredging material from within
the caisson.

Types of Caisson Foundations

1) Box Caissons
2) Open Caissons
3) Pneumatic Caissons

2. Aims of the Micro-Project

1) To determine information of caisson foundation

2) To identify the types of caisson foundation.

3. Course Outcomes Integrated

CO. 22324.2 Propose suitable type of foundation for building structure.

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

4.Actual Procedure Followed

1. First we selected the topic.

2. Then we discussed related topic with mam.

3. Then we finalized our project topic from mam.

4. Then we distributed the work related to the project among us.

5. Then we gathered information from websites & reference book.

6. We refereed some reference books from library.

7. Gathered information was shown to the mam.

8. And discussed the point with mam.

9. Mam did correction in the information.

10. After that we slotted the given information by given points.

11. We collected photos related the project.

12. Typed the given information in Microsoft Word by given points

13. We read the information and made relevant corrections.

14. Got the printout of project and submitted it.

Output of project :

1) Determine the construction propose of caisson foundation.

2) Understand the function of types of caisson foundation.

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

 Components of Caisson Foundation:

 Well Curb:
Well Curb is a RCC ring beam-type component of well having a steel cutting edge below.
Vertical cross-section of the well curb is wedge-shaped, which helps during the well sinking. The
curb supports well staining, and the staining is kept slightly projected outer side to reduce the
skin friction during well sinking.
 Well Staining:
Staining is a wall or shall type of structure made up of RCC, and which helps to transfer the load
to the curb. It serves as an enclosure for excavating the soil for the penetration of the
foundation well.

 Cutting Edge:
It is the lowest part of the foundation well, and fabricated in the yard as per approved drawing.
Cutting edge shall be fabricated in a number of segments depending upon circumference and
ease of handling and transport. Cutting edge helps to cuts the soil during the sinking operation

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

 Bottom Plug:
After completion of sinking, the bottom of the foundation well is plugged with the help of
concrete. The well curb confines the bottom plug, and functions like a raft against soil pressure
from below.

 Back-filling:
The well is dewatered after setting of bottom plug concrete, and it is backfilled by sand or
excavated approved material. Sometimes water can be used instead of sand/excavated
material.

 Top plug:
It is a concrete layer of thickness around 500mm, as mentioned in design and drawing. Top plug
provided over the filling and inside the well dredge hole.

 Well cap:
A Well cap is a thick concrete mat that rests on the top of well stening. It is a part of the
foundation and used to distribute loads of superstructure over the steining.

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

 Types of caisson foundation:

1) BOX CAISSON

Box caissons are typically box-shaped prefabricated structures that are open at the top but
closed at the bottom. Once sunk into place, the caisson is set on level, prepared bases where it
is then anchored or ballasted in place.

This type of caisson is suitable for sites where the bearing surface is relatively level and requires
minimal preparation. Box caissons are generally relatively economical when compared to other
methods; however, this solution may be unfeasible where the bearing stratum requires
excessive excavation, compaction and leveling.

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

2) OPEN CAISSON

Open caisson or well foundation is also called well. This type of caisson is exposed at the head
and bottom. They are made of wood, steel, reinforced concrete or masonry. Such caissons are
used as foundations of bridges and buildings.
Open caissons come in different shapes. It has a cutting edge at the bottom. So that it is easy to
sink the well.

Open caissons are often used in soft soil. A caisson may be made of wood, steel or concrete. An
open caisson used to penetrate the soil must be strong enough to withstand pressure from any
hydraulic jacks that may be used to force it downward into the ground. Soil excavated from the
bottom of the caisson is transported out the top for disposal. Once the excavation is complete,
the caisson may also become integrated into the final construction.

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

3)Pneumatic caisson

The pneumatic caisson method comprises the on-ground construction of a reinforced concrete
caisson having a working chamber inside at the lower part, pressurized air supply to the
working chamber to prevent underground water from coming in there, excavation work of soils
in the working chamber and finally sinking the whole caisson structure. Pneumatic caissons are
utilized for a variety of structures: foundations of bridges and buildings and main structures of
sewage treatment facilities, underground water regulating reservoirs, shafts for insertion of
shield tunneling machines, underground railways, and tunnels.
Pneumatic caissons are useful when wells cannot be used as a foundation. Pneumatic caissons
are especially useful where there are bowlders, pressed wood, masonry, etc. in the ground.

Department of Civil Engineering

 Yashwantarao Bhonsale Institute of Technology (Microproject)

6. Skill Developed / Learning Out of This Micro Project:-

1) Increase knowledge about caisson foundation.

2) Experience teamwork
3) Increase communication skill.
4) Know about recent construction technology

Department of Civil Engineering