10.

Experiments on Photosynthesis: The experiments include starch test to show that light, carbon dioxide
and chlorophyll that are necessary for photosynthesis.eggo021onst odt lo mot
Experimnent 1. Starch test in leaves:2g Sil 1esac d alloo ifiy asg io 2sldoutl
Take a destarch potted plant. Pluck the leaf and boil in alcohol to remove chlorophyll. Again boil
berle the leaf in water to soften the leaf. Add a few drops of iodine solution over the leaf. If starch is
present, the leaf turns blue-black and if not it becomes brown.
Experiment 2. Light is necessary for photosynthesis:
Take a potted plant. Destarch it for 48 hours. Select one leaf and fit it with a Ganong's light sereen.
Place the plant in sunlight. After 2-3 hours, pick up the leaf under screen and test it for starch. The
part of the leaf which is covered by light screen does not show any starch test. No photosynthesis
has taken place there. The part which is uncovered turns blue-black showing thatphotosynthesis has
taken place there and thus proving that light is necessary for photosynthesis.

To show that light is essential for photosynthesis

Photosynthesis95
 photosynthesis:
Experiment 3. Carbon dioxide is necessary for
leaf of this plant and half insert
Take a destarched plant. Select a
in such a way that half part
it in a conical flask containing KOH part outside. Restarch the
half
of the leaf is inside the flask and
sunlight. Test the experimental KOH to ab
leaf by keeping the plant in the turns blue-black and the sorb CO,
leaf for starch. The part which is exposed
in colour due to the absence Water used
part which was inside turns brown as control
of carbon dioxide.

To prove that carbon dioxide

is needed for photosynthesis

Experiments 4. Chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis:

Destarch
Take apotted plant bearing variegated leaves, e.g., croton. Pluck a
sunlight.
it. Restarch the leaves by keeping the plant in the blue-black,
leaf and test for starch. Only green parts of the leaf turn
contain
showing the presence of starch, as green parts of the leaves
chlorophyll.

To show that chlorophyll is

necessary for photosynthesis

Experiments 5. Oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis: Sunlight

Take a beaker containing pond water. Keep some Hydrilla plantst al Test tube
in a funnel in the beaker. Insest a test-tube full of water. Make Bubbles of gas

sure that the level of water in the beaker is above the level of the
Water
stem of the funnel. Keep the apparatus in the sun for a few hours. 8ti
Funne
Bubbles of gas will collect in the test tube. Test the gas by a glowing
Hydrilla
splinter, it will bursts into flame. This shows the presence of oxygen Beaker
and proves that O, iS released during photosynthesiS. 9d otlo To prove that oxygen is evolved
i n s l da during photosynthesis

SOLVED QUESTIONS
L. Name the following:
1. The energystoring component of the cell.
2. The part of the chloroplast where the light reaction of photosynthesis takes place. (2011
3. The cell organelle responsible for photosynthesis.
4. The ground substance present in a chloroplast.
5. The chemical used to test starch.
6. The process by which green plants prepare their own
food.
7. The products of photosynthesis.
 8. Aplant that does not perform plhotosynthesis.
9. Agas released by green plants during photosynthesis.
10. The raw materials needed for photosynthesis.
11. The site of light reaction.
12. The principle site in a green leaf for photosynthesis.
13. The reaction by which the water molecules are broken down by means of light.
14. The immediate end product of photosynthesis.
15. The first stable product formed during CO, fixation.
16. The experiment to demonstrate the importance of light for photosynthesis.
17. The energy currency of the cell.
18. The substance from which oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis.olga
19. The organisms which can prepare their own food.
20. The organisms which convert complex organic matter into simple forms. dt stsig
21. The substance which capture photons in plants.too o insl a st ok
22. The starting point of all food chains.
23. The process of conversion of complex organic matter into simple forms by microorganisms.
Ans. 1. ATP 2. Grana/Thylakoids
3. Chloroplast 4. Stroma
5. Iodine 6. Photosynthesis
7. Glucose, water and oxygen 8. Mushroom/Fungus
9. Oxygen 10. Carbon dioxide and water
11. Grana of chloroplast 12. Chloroplast
13. Photolysis ndes g 14. GIucose
15. Phosphoglyceric Acid (PGA) 16. Light screen experiment oll
17. ATP 3 18. Water
19. Autotrophs 20. DecomposerstEieoio al 9L
21. Chlorophyll OH 22. Green plants
23. Decay
II. Choose the correct answer from each of the four options given below:
1. The individual flattened stacks of membranous structure inside the chloroplast are known as:
(A) Grana (B) Stroma (C) Thylokoid (D) Cristae0notiSsTil [2016]
2. A de-starched plant is one whose:
(A)leaves are free from chlorophyllegontosfo lo a0oise obitoabi gih on1
(B) aerial parts are free from starch
(C) leaves are free from starch
(D) plant is free from starch.
3. The first step in the process of photosynthesis is:
|absorption of light by chlorophyll, production of ATP release of oxygen, fixation of CO,]

Photosynthesis 97
 4. The specitic function of light energy in photosynthesis is to
|Synthesize glucose, activatechloroplast, split water, reduce carbon dioxide]
5. Formation of ATP from ADP is termed as
|Photophosphorylation, phosphorylation, photolysis, photosynthesis]
6. During photosynthesis, how many water molecules are required to form one molecule of glucose?
|Tvelve, ten, six, four]
7. Oxygen in glucose comes from which of these during photosynthesis.
[water, CO,, air, both water and CO,]
Ans. 1. (C) Thylakoid 2. (C) leaves are free from starch.
3. Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll. 4. Split water.
5. Photophosphorylation. 6. Twelve.
7. Water.

II. Complete the following:

1. To test the leaf for starch, the leaf is boiled in water to (1). It is next boiled in
methylated spirit to (2). The leaf is placed in warm water to soften it. It is then
placed in a dish and (3) solution is added. The region, which contains starch, turns
(4) and the region, which does not contain starch, turns (5). [2011]
2. Splitting of water results in the release of
3. Starch can be tested by
4. Xanthophyll is coloured pigment. bnk 018
5. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through
6. Dark reaction takes place in the of the chloroplast.
7. are regarded as complete photosynthetic units of plants.
8. The splitting of water molecules by photons is called
is reduced and is oxidised.
9. In photosynthesis,
10. In photosynthesis, radiant energy is converted into
Sunlight
11. + 12H,0 Chlorophyll CGH,;0% t
12. Calvin cycle was proposed by
13.
30 is the process which replenishes the atmospheric oxygen which the animal
life consumes in respiration.e ttidom
14. Light reaction of photosynthesis takes place in
15. ATP stands for
asV6l t
16. The light independent reactions of photosynthesis are also known
phase.
17. In photophosphorylation, a energy is needed to add phosphate to
18, Chlorophyll is present in the of chloroplasts. ansig )
19. The smaller unit of light energy is
20. stores energy in a cell.30
Ans 1. kill the cells (1). remove chlorophyll (2). iodine (3) blue-black (4) brown (5).
2. Oxygen 3. iodine
4. yellow 5. stomata
6. stroma of chloroplast 7. Chloroplasts
8. photolysisb 9. CO, water
10. chemical energy
Sunlight
1. 6C0, + 12H,0 Chlorophyl Co, + H,0 + 60,
12. Melvin Calvindak e 13. Photosynthesis teee
14. grana of chloroplasts 15. Adenosine triphosphate
16. Biosynthetic 17. ADP
18. Thylakoids 19. Photons
20. ATP

IV. State whether the following statements are True or False. If false, rewrite the correct statement:
1. The dark reaction of photosynthesis is light independent.
2. Land plants obtain their carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere. ben tes
3. In a typical leaf, photosynthesis occurs mainly in spongy mesophyll.
4. Photosynthesis occurs in all plants.
5. Oxygen is necessary for photosynthesis.
6. Plants can be destarched by keeping in dark for 48 hours.
n ,Carbon dioxide is a life supporting gas produced during photosynthesis.
8. KOH absorbs carbon dioxide.
9. Photosynthesis stops to occur at temperature above 35°C.A 2
10. Starting point of a food chain is a plant.
11. Photosynthesis takes place in chromoplast.
donste sdt
12. Biosynthetic phase needs no light.o D9182032E 20e ai
13. Plants produce starch as food.
2d ao
14. Consumers are also called as heterotrophs.
15. Photosynthesis needs an optimum temperature. tsoa
16. Food is translocated by xylem.
17. Photolysis is the process of splitting of water molecules in the presence of grana and temperature.
[2010]
18. Plants that manufacture their own food are called heterotrophs.
Ans. 1. True. 2. True.
3. False. In a typical leaf, photosynthesis Occurs mainly in palisade cells.
4. False. Respiration occurs in all plants.
5. False. Carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis.
6. True.
7. False. Oxygen is a life supporting gas produced during photosynthesis.
8. True. 9. True. 10. True.

11. False. Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplast.

12. True.
13. False. Plants produce glucose as food.
14. True. 15. True.

323 Photosynthesis
 l6. Rlse. Food is translocated by phloem.
17. Rlse Photolvsis is the process of splitting of water molecules in grana in the presence of sunlighs
I8, Rlse. Plants that manufacture their own food are called autotrophs.
*^,
Rewrite the completedexplanation by inserting a key word in the space indicated by
the presenes
P'hotolysis is the splitting of water molecules into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions in
ofand light.
Ans, Photolvsis is the splitting of water molecules into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions in the presence
of chlorophylland light.
VI. Without changing the first term rearrange the remaining terms in logical sequence.
(testina
Destarched plant, iodine added, washed in water, a leaf boiled in alcohol, placed in sunlight
the presence of starch).
’ iodine added
Ans. Destarched plant ’placed insunlight ’a leaf boiled in alcohol ’washed in water
Rewrite the
VI. Gien below are certain biological statements which are incomplete and hence incorrect.
delete
correct form of the statement by inserting a suitable word/words at the right place. Do not
word/words.
any word already given in the statement. Underline the inserted
(a) Destarching a plant means removing the starch from the plant.
(6) The splitting of water molecules into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions is termed photolysis.
Ans. (a) Destarching a plant means removing the starch from the leaves of the plant.
(6) The splitting of water molecules in the presence of sunlight in grana of the chloroplast into
hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions is termed as photolysis.
VIII. A plant is kept in a dark cupboard for about 48 hours before conducting an experiment on
photosynthesis to:
(A) Remove starch from the plant.
(B) Ensure that starch is not translocated from the leaves.
(C) Remove chlorophyllfrom the leaf of the plant.
(D) Remove starch from the experimental leaf.
Ans. (D) Remove starch from the experimental leaf.
IX. Give reason:
1. Green leaves are thin and broad.
2. Photosynthesis is considered as a process supporting all life on earth. [2011]

3. A tiger owes its existence to chlorophyll.

Ans. 1. Thin and broad leaves have a large surface area for the photosynthesis to occur.
2. During photosynthesis, CO, is used up and O, is given out as a by-product. O, is the life
supporting gas for breathing for all organism. So, photosynthesis supports all life on earth.
3. Being a carnivorous, tiger feeds on herbivores. The herbivores feed on plants. So it can be said
that existence of tiger is due to chlorophyll.
X. Give the biological/technical term:
1. The process of conversion of ADP to ATP during the first phase of photosynthesis.
2. The process of conversion of several molecules of glucose to one molecule of starch.
Ans. 1. Photophosphorylation.
2. Polymerisation.
KI Distinguish between the following pairs:
1. Tonoplast and plasma membrane (Location).
Ans. Tonoplast Plasma membrane
(a) Surrounds the vacuole
(a) Surrounds the cell
(Both in animal and plant cell).
2. Light reaction and Dark reaction. (site of
occurrence)
Ans. Autotrophs Heterotrophs
(a) Lightreaction occurs in the thylakoids/grana (a) Dark reaction occurs in the stroma of the
of the chloroplast.
chloroplast.
3. Light reaction and Dark reaction.
Ans. Light Reaction Dark Reactior
(a) It takes place in the presence of light. (a) It does not requíre light.
(6) It occurs in the grana of chloroplast. (b) Itoccurs in the stroma of chloroplast.
(c) Its products are ATP and NADPH. (c) Its products are organic compounds.
4. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs.
Ans. Autotrophs Heterotrophs
(a) They can prepare their own food. (a) They cannot prepare their own food.
(b) They contain chlorophyl.l22igoli (6) They do not contain chlorophyl.
5. Stroma and Grana.
Ans. Stroma of Chloroplast Grana of Chloroplast
(a) It is the site of dark reaction.(a) It is the site of light reaction.
(b) It is a non-green granular matrix. (b) It is green flattened sac-like structure.
6. Chloroplast and Chlorophyll.
Ans. Chloroplast Chlorophyll
(a) It is an organelle of the cell. o bs (a) It is the green pigment in chloroplast.
(b) It is living. lgon (b) It is non-living. ne
XII. Explain briefly:
1. The term destarched plant. [2010]
2. The term photolysis in photosynthesis.
3. Chlorophyll is necessary for
photosynthesis. be dain a50ele lat sonob
4. All 1ife on earth would come to an end if there were no green
plants.o0
5. ATP is needed for dark reaction.
6. Respiration is said to be the reversal of photosynthesis. o T5
9nhe
7. Light reaction is called photochemical phase.
8. Dark reaction is called biosynthetic phase.

otPhotosynthesis101
 9. Stroma 10. Autotrophs
11, Food chain 12. Photophosphorylation
13. Heterotrophs
Ans. 1. starch. Destarching is done by keeping the plant in dark for 23
Destarched plant lacksS
hydroxy
2. Photolysis is the splitting of water molecules into hydrogen ions and ions in ganays
the presence of chlorophylland light.
converts it into chemical energy.
echlorophyll traps solar energy and
give
4. Green plants manufacture food during the process of photosynthesis and out life.
is alife Supporting gas for all organisms. Therefore, green plants are essential for oxygen which
5. ATP provides energy for dark reaction. The energy is required to make glucose is that formeA
through a series of reactions in Calvin cycle.
6. Respiration is a catabolic process while photosynthesis is an anabolic process.
During respiration
O, is taken in and CO, is given out while during photosynthesis CO, is taken in and O, is
out. gven
7. In light reaction, light initiates a series of chemical reaction, which occurs in the
chloroplast.
reaction.
thylakoids of
8. Light is nottrequiredin dark reaction but occurs simultaneously with light In this
IS produced by a number of steps using certain enzymes. So, dark reaction is called glucose
phase.
9. The ground matter present in the chloroplast is the stroma. Thylakoids are
biosyntheik
arranged in the
stroma. The dark reaction of photosynthesis take place in it.
10. The organisms which can make their own food are called autotrophs. For example, green nlants
They contain chlorophyll to absorb sunlight.
11. The inter dependence of food by various organisms, or the energy flow from one organism h
another is called food chain.
For example: Grass ’ Insect’ Frog Snake ’ Peacock.ei
All food chains start with green plants.
12. It means conversion of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in the presence of light.
13. The organisms which depend on autotrophs for their food are heterotrophs. They do not have
chlorophyl. e.g. Man.
XIIL. Answer the following questions:
1. Why is sleeping under a tree at night not advisable? (2010)
Ans. At night, the atmosphere surrounding the tree is rich in CO, which is harmful, since photosyatheis
does not take place at night and only respiration occurs. So, sleeping under a tree at nignt s
not advisable.
2. Mention any three adaptations found in plants to favour the process of
photosynthesis.
Ans. (a) Large surface area of the leaves.olosov ad s ot hb
(b) Presence of more stomata.
(c) The thinness of leaves.
 3. State theconditions needed for photosynthesis.
Ans. The conditions needed for photosynthesis are:
(a) Presence of sunlight.
(b) Concentration of carbon dioxide.
(c) Temperature.
(d) Water content.
4. What is
photophosphorylation?
Ans. It is the conversion of ADP with inorganic phosphate group to ATP in the
presence of igh
5. What are thylakoids?
Ans. These are disc-shaped membranous sacs present in grana of the chloroplast.
6. How does the raw materials reach the plant cell?

Ans. The raw materials required by plants are water, CO,and sunlight. Water enters into the leaf
through the midrib and veins from the stem and root. CO, enters through the stomata from the
atmosphere.
7. How does sunlight affects
photosynthesis?
Ans. Light provides energy for photosynthesis. Light intensity is directly proportional to photosynthesis.
8. State the role of ATP.
Ans. ATP provides energy for all biosystems to function. It is the energy currency of the cell.
9. What is NADP?

Ans. It is an enzyme. Its full form is Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. During electron
transfer, NADP gets reduced to NADPH,.
10. Where does photosynthesis mostly take place in a plant?TA
Ans. In plants, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts present in the leaf. slss S
11. Expand the following:Rotnicba8 noh ad ko vnotsns slkroo
liyieoo
ATP, NADP, PGA.
Ans. (a) ATP- Adenosine triphosphate.
(b) NADP- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate.utao oinsyo li ant
(c) PGA- Phosphoglyceric acid.
12. What is the optimum temperature for photosynthesis?a al
Ans. 30-35°Cis the optimum temperature needed for photosynthesis.9oshor
13. Given below is the overall chemical equation of photosynthesis which is incomplete in certain
respects:
co, + 12H,0
Chlorophyll
-CH,0, + 0, + H,0 2iatmoodo noiub
Rewrite the equation in complete form.
Chlorophyll
Ans. 6CO, + 12H,0 Sunlight
14. What is photosynthesis?
Ans. The manufacturing of glucose by green plants with the help of carbon dioxide and water in the
presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.

0 8 2 o Photosynthesis L03
 15. Mention two significant advantages of photosynthesis to the living world as a whole.
Ans. (a) To provide food for all organisms.
(b) To release oxygen which is a life supporting gas.
16. What are the end products of light reaction?
Ans. Oxygen, NADPH, ATP.
17. Light reaction is also called photochemical reaction.Why?
Ans. Light reaction takes place in the grana of chloroplast in presence of light, so it is calleq
photochemical reaction.
18. What is biosynthetic phase?
Ans. It is called dark reaction which occurs in the stroma of chloroplast in the absence of light (ioh
is not required), and glucose is produced.
19. What is photolysis?
Ans. The process of splitting of water by sunlight during light reaction is called photolysis.
20. State the role of chlorophyll.
Ans. Chlorophyll absorbs photons of sunlight, gets excited and helps in the splitting of water molecules
into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions.
4H,0 4Hd + 4(OH) ..)
4(OH) ’ 2H,0 + O, + 4e
2H,0 4H + O, + 4e Adding (i) and ()
equation.doe
21. Write the summary of dark reaction by an
Ans. 6CO, + 12NADPH + 18ATP CçH,0, + 12NADP + 18ADP + 18Pi + 6H,0.
22. State the internal factors which affect photosynthesis.
products and internal CO,
Ans. Chlorophyll content, anatomy of the leaf, accumulation of end
concentration, etC.
23. Explain carbon cycle.
absorbed from the atmosphere in the form
Ans. All organic compounds contain carbon. Carbon is
all organism take oxygen and
of CO, by green plants during phtosynthesis. During respiration, coal, CO, is given out. This
wood or
give out CO, into the atmosphere. During combustion of
is called carbon cycle.
circulation of carbon through autotrophs, animals and combustion
given out during photosynthesis.
tss 24. Write an experiment to prove that O, is
show that O, is released
Ans. Oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis: To
Sunlight
water. Keep
during photosynthesis. Take a beaker containing pond test-tube full Test tube
Bubbles of gas
some Hydrilla plants in a funnel in the beaker. Insert a
above the
of water. Make sure that the level of water in the beaker is Water
level of the stem of the funnel. Keep the apparatus in the sun for a Funneh

few hours, Bubbles of gas will collect in the test tube. Test the gas by Hydrilla -
Beaker
aglowing splinter, it will bursts into flame. This shows that the oxygen
is evolved during photosynthesis.
 DIAGRAM BASED QUESTIONS
1. The following diagram demonstrates a physiological process taking placei n mpdt,
green plants. The whole set up
Study the diagranm and answer was placed in bright sunlight for several hours.ot
the questions that follow:
(i) What aspect of the
physiological process is being examined?
(ii) Explain the physiological
Gii) Label the parts process mentioned in (i) above.i te
numbered 1 and 2 in the diagram.
(iv) Write a well-balanced chemical
explained in (ii) above. equation for the physiological process
(v) What would happen to the rate of bubbling of the gas if a
added to the water in the beaker? pinch of sodium bicarbonate 15
Explain your answer. (2016]
Ans. (i) 0, is produced during photosynthesis.
(ü) Photosynthesis is the process by which chlorophyll bearing cells
water by using sunlight. O, is released as a produce glucose from CO, and
(üi) 1. O, gas 2. Hiydrilla by-product.
Sunlight
(iv) 6C0, + 12H,0 Chlorophyll CH0, +6H,0 + 60,:
(v) If sodium bicarbonate is added to the water. the rate of bubbling of the gas will increase as
sodium bicarbonate provides more CO,. So, rate of photosynthesis
2. The figure given below represents an increases.nsih mw
experiment to demonstrate a
particular aspect of photosynthesis. The alphabet 'A represents
certain condition inside the asleuim
) What is the aim of the flask.pBs9050 9rods 9di ni slo 2i slela bnE
experiment? bsnoinel:
(üi) Identify the special condition inside the flask. 2299010 Isoigoloie
(üiüi) Name an alternative chemical that can be used instead of
KOH.
(iv) In what manner do the leaves 1 and 2 differ at the KOH
starch test?
end of theDool eai l
[2013]
Ans. (i) To show that CO, is needed for photosynthesis.
(i) There is no C0, inside the flask.
onu (üi) Soda lime. u qSAM alstqeorf sbieslbsnid stinslbA sbimnuoi
(iv) Leaf 1does not contain starch so it won't change into blue-black colour. ledotote
Leaf 2 shows colour change (blue-black) as starch is present in it. o.HSL 00e
3. The figure given represents an experiment set-up to study a physiological process in plants:
alassiimyaotoriq fo esdq Ieafmot
tel29ioteototlg tO 3rlail o Bubbles
kya Testoftube
gas

Water
Funneh

Hydrilla -
Beaker

(i) Name the physiological process being studied.

(ii) Explain the process.
(ii) What is the aim of the experiment?
(iv) Give a well balanced equation to represent the process.

0--(323T ooPhotosynthesis L05

 Ans. (0)
() Photosynthesis.
t is a physiological process by which chlorophyll bearing cells of tthe plant prepare glucose in
water, O, is released during this process.
the presence of sunlight using CO, and photosynthesis.
during
(i) To prove that oNygen is released
Sunlight
+6H,0 +60,1
(i) 6C0, +12H,0 hlorohy>Co,0, representation of the internal structure of an organelle
4. The given diagram is a diagrammatic answer the questions that follow: found
in a plant cell. Study thesame and then

Stromao a
Fret

Membrane

() ldentify the organelle.

organelle.
(ü) Name the physiological process occurring in this to man.
is beneficial
(iii) Mention one way in which this process 2.h e
Name the phases of the process occurring in the part labelled '1' and
(iv)
chemical substance NADP plays an active part in one of the phases. Give the expanded
() A process.
form of NADP and state its role in the above
mentioned in (ii) above in the form of a chemical equation.
(vi) Represent the physiological process
Ans. () Chloroplast.
(ü) Photosynthesis.
oxygen.
(ii) It gives food and the life saving gas, i.e.
(iv) Part 1- Dark reaction
Part 2 - Light reaction.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. NADP picks up hydrogen ion during
(v) NADP -
photolysis.idanbosb no
12H,0
Sunlight
Chlorophyl> CH,,0, + 6H,0+ 60,‘
(vi) 6CO, + well-labelled diagram of the chloroplast.
5. ()) Draw a neat and photochemical phase of photosynthesis.
taking place in the
(ii) List the events photosynthesis:
planning an experiment to show the effect of light on
(iii) Ifyou are answer.
Will you select white light or green light? Justify your
(a)
destarched plant?
(b) Why would you select a
Ans. () Stroma
Stroma lamellayg adk
Granum

Inner membranelo b
Outer membrane
 (ii) During photochemical reaction, the
1. Photolysis of following processes take place:
water, splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.
H,0 H + OH
2.
Production of NADPH,
NADP + 2H* + 2e
3.
Formation of molecular NADPH,
40H + 4e oxygen
’ 2H,0 t 0,
4. Photophosphorylation
ADP + Pi ATP.
(i) (a) White light. It has all the
(b) Destarched plant is used aswavelength of visible light.
6.
control plant.
() Draw a neat labelled diagram of the exDerimental set-un to show that green
plants give out
oxygen during photosynthesis.
(ü) Give the overall chemical equation to represent the
(iüÜ) process of photosynthesis.
Rewrite the terms in the correct order:
Water molecules, Oxygen, Grana, Hydrogen and Hydroxyl ions,
Ans. )
Photons.
-Oxygen
Sunight
Test tube

Water
-Beaker
Funnel
-Hydrilla

Sunlight
(a) 600,t 12H,0 Chlorophyl >CH,,0, + 6H,0 + 60,‘
(üi) Photons ’ Grana ’ Water molecules > Hydrogen and Hydroxyl ions ’ Oxygen.
7. The diagram refers to an experiment in which the apparatus was set-up with the light source 10 cm
away from the plant. After 15 minutes, the number of bubbles evolved per minute from the cut stem
was recorded. The light source was moved to 20 cm away from the plant, left for 15 minutes and the
number of bubbles evolved per mínute was again recorded. The experiment was again recorded. The
experiment was repeated with the light source at distance of 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm away from the plant.
The results obtained were recorded on the graph.
sit oihot
t10 cm - Lightsourceiuow
Tap water
Pond weed
Water
e <Beaker
minute
Select the correct answer out of the available choices given under each question:
per
bubbles
10

of
Number

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Distance in cm from light source

0-(82hyl Photosynthesis 107

 (a) From the graph, it seems that the rate of bubbling per minúte at 50 cm would have
o() 2.0bn no (it) 2.5 ineloo(i) 3.0ognm (iv) 4 . 8 o (p) A0 been:
(6) The gas produced by the plant during the experiment was:
() Air (ü) Oxygen (ii) Carbon dioxide (iv) Nitrogen (v) Hydrogen
(c) The gas collected comes from breakdown ofHAV
(i) Glucose (ii) Starch (ii) Water0(y) Air o oh (v) ATP
() If ice cubes were added to the water the rate of bubble formation would:
iotsloolgeodqotog
(i) Stay the same. 4TA9A
(i) Increase because more water is added.
(ii) Decrease because the temperature drops.
(iv) Decrease because water freezes.
osv 21n v) Cannot tell from the ioges orlt otosssoib bollodnl Teon swoTl
information given. sdireolodg goinub ogro
(e) If some sodium bicarbonate is added to the water the rate of bubble formation:
() Increases because more respiration occurs.oo) 9tt ni zrsi odt sines
() Increases because more photosynthesis occurs.
(üi) Increases because the gas becomes less soluble.
(iv) Decreases because carbon dioxide acts as a limiting factor:
(")Decreases because respiration decreases. adut lee

Ans. (a) (iv)4.8

(b) () Oxygen
(c) (i~i)
Water litbyt
(d) Decrease because the temperature drops.
(iiü)
photosynthesis also increases.
(e) (ü) Increases as more CO, is produced and the rate of - Dark
Dim Light.
8. The diagram is set-up to demonstrate, an experiment:sloLight
The,riAA
D01Pond weed was placed in five water filled tubes. epugimla Water
diagram.The
stz experiment was set-up as shown in the
bevog
sdi brtubes were then left for 24 hours. VEWS fI2 0 o1 -Pond weed

2gw tn9mis9qx9 glbsb099T Niss, esw9 i 9

sgs five
the correct answer out ofthe fi available choices:
given under each question: 9T31su4 U2515 Gauze
tlqsg 9rt ro T9bio1T
Snail Shail

weight of the pond weed?

(a) In which tube would you expect the greatest increase in dry
191:(iüi)3 (iv) 4 (") 5
() 1 (iü) 2
amount of starch?
(b) In which tube would you expect to find the plant with the least
(ü) 2 (ii) 3 (iv) 4 phss (v) 5
() 1
found is: 9lt to ino 9 Was to9TI0) 91l1 ools?
(c) The tube in which mostoxygen would be
(ü) 2 (iüi) 3 (iv) 4 () 5
(i) 1
(d) The tube in which least carbon dioxide would be found is:
() 1 (i) 2 (im) 3 (iv) 4 () 5
(e) The tube in which the plant would survive for the shortest length of time is:
(i) 2 (üi) 3 (iv) 4 () 5
() 1
(6) =() 5, ()-)1 () - () 2, (e) - () 5.
Ans. (a) -) 1,
 9. Describe an experiment that green plants release
Oxygen during photosynthesis.) nk
Oxygen
0 Sunlight
bnsOig a
D9LTes tube
Water
Beaker
Funnel

-Hydrilla
Ans. Place some Hyd1lla plants in abeaker containing water and
cover them by a short stemmed funnel.
Invert a test tube containing water over the stem of the
After some time, bubbles of a gas will collect in the test
funnel. Keep the apparatus in the suniignt.
test tube. It bursts into flame tube. Introduce a glowing splinter into the
showing the presence of
10. Take a potted plant with varigated leaves. Destarch the Oxygen.
it for starch:
plant and keep it again in the sunlight. Test
() What is the aim of the
experiment?
(iü) What happens to the green areas
during starch testing?
(m) What happens to the non-green areas durin starch testing?
0by Inioge srli ei 1nd/l ()
(iv) HoW would you account for the presence of starch in
some parts of the plant but absence in
other parts? 0 b9 9 12 9Tib (0bus & A) 9vs9l 99Tl 9s IfM E i
Ans. (i) To show that chlorophyll is necessary for Snoitulo2 sniboi riim
Duboig brs si3 1o emI9}
(ü) The green area turns blue-black
photosynthesis.
2i29iiyaoloig Se19v9T 21 toiriw 229)01 91 9mmsh
1o )
due to the presence of starch.
(üi) The non-green area turns brown due to the absence of starch.
(iv) The green areas contain chlorophyll and can produce the
starch while the non-green arareas do
not contain chlorophyll and cannot produce starch.
11. The figure represents the vertical section of a leaf:
1013XODt muieesog ei 9orSJedue Isoirnsrdo od T( )
231 tovstz wode 10n ire Alsol olidw R lsniboi itiw bstesi norlW (v)
0D sih lls 2dto2ds HOA sonie
-3
noitsiqeal ()
00 +,0,H, ()

lqorolilo Ataslqoelda lo ouu2 en

518 2biodsivds yosM abiodslyi as

()) Name the parts 1 to 5,

(iü) How many yeins have been shown in the section?
(iii) State the functions of part 4 and 5.

OL(32O) 9ooi8 Photosynthesis0

 4. Xylem 5. Stoma
Ans. () 1. Cuticle 2. Upper epidermis 3. Palisade tissue/Chloroplast
(ü) One vein has been shown.
water.
(i) Xylem- helps in the conduction of
and O,).
Stoma-- through which exchange of gases takes place (CO,
12. The given figure represents an experiment performed to demonstrate a particular aspect ot
photosynthesis. The apparatus was kept in sunlight for almost the whole day. The numeral 1
flask and the numeral 2represents a chemical
represents a certain condition inside the
for this condition.
responsible
B

R2
() What is the object of the experiment?
condition inside the flask?
(i) What is the special
substance numbered 2?
(üi) What is the chemical differ at the end of the experiment,
when testol
leaves (A, B and C)
(iv) In what way will the three
with iodine solution?
reverse of photosynthesis in terms of the end products.
is
(v) Name the process which above in (v).
the overall chemical equation for the process named
(vi) Write
necessary for photosynthesis.
Ans. (i) Toshow that CO, is free from CO, as the chemical substance absorbs all
the flask is
(ü) The special condition is that
the CO:
potassium hydroxide (KOH).
(üi) The chemical substance is starch test while leaf A will not
show starch test.
leaf B and C show
(iv) When tested with iodine takes place.
since KOH absorbs all the CO, and no photosynthesis
(v) Respiration
(vi) CH,0, + 60, 6C0, + 6H,0
chloroplast.
13. Explain the structure of bound by two membranes. The ground
chloroplast is oval in shape. It is
Ans. Structure of chloroplast: A stroma. There are disc-like closed sacs are present, that are
called
substance present in chloroplast is are called
thylakoids are placed one above the other like a stack of coins, that
as thylakoids. Many stroma a system of membranes are present that are called as
as granum. Extending through out the
lamellae. These are joined to the thylakoids.
 Dark reaction Left reaction

Thylakoid

Granum
Stroma

Fret
Membrane
14. Describe an experiment to prove that sunlight is necessary for
photosynthesi5.
Ans. Take a potted plant. Destarch it for 48 hours. Select one leaf and fit it with a Ganong's light screen.
Place the plant in sunlight. After 2-3 hours pick up the leaf under screen and test it for starch. The
part of the leaf which is covered by light screen does not show any starch test. No photosys
has taken place there. The part which is uncovered turns blue-black showing that photosynthesis has
taken place there.
15. The apparatus shown given is an experimental set-up of certain aspect
of photosynthesis. Aplant was placed in the dark for 24 hours then a
leaf was taken and tested for starch:
i) What is the aim of the experiment?
(iü) How is chlorophyll removed from the leaf?o sromat o
(iii) Why is it necessary to grease the glass sheet?
(iv) What is the purpose of KOH? Greased
le uotine glass-shee tKOH
Ans. () To showthat CO, is needed for photosynthesis and to make glucose/starch.
doo (ü) By boiling the leaf in alcohol.s91 bOs Hoh igi vioein
(iü) To prevent the air entering into the jar.
0iv) To absorb carbon dioxide.