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Unit 4 DPCO

Fjhhhy huinyy ynvtfch yjb6gb hjignyny

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9 views

Unit 4 DPCO

Fjhhhy huinyy ynvtfch yjb6gb hjignyny

Uploaded by

freefire737804650
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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oh covkve! m= Bulling a Data Haxdw 3 Conkval, Micwo feontve! ng - Data Hazard Conbyel Hazards © Shovk mote On Thstvuckion Frecubion, e liege a ox Discuss about Tnstruc jon Execulion, Complete instruction cycle Involves Five Opetati Instruction fetching, Opmde decoding, Opevand pelching [Asthmetic and legical uni ,ané Memoty stove tnatwuckion belching > The \astsuclion 12 veo prom lapeci Sie memowy locablon to Lhe processor! Opcoke becoding > We type ch operation to be: Implementes land the opevend(s> to be used ave decided lopevond felching > The operand ts vead from Lhe memory lox the fo i [Asbhmelte and legical anit > The actual operation that be insbruckion cookains (5 executed Menwry Store —> TL can Store the vesuit acquived lathe Tether, clion Exec 1 hh the instrudion and Imevenenei aaa Instvuction and ead he canbentae ne effeclwe adévess HR 5 operans feod Lhe memory Source @pevar ang nla the Beskinqtion Yeg Steps px Loan, Fa. lead Ae, xr) | etch the mstwuckion from Ehe nasi > Tncvement the pregyam counkey = Decode Une instruction te detevnine: Performed > Read vegutey Bt 7 3, Adi the iomediote voueleaea > Wse the sum x4(R7) as ERs Lhe source operand, ond xead lecatlow lm the Memory —> log the gata ¥ecelved destination register, 8 Fekch the tal counkew “ 2. Decode the Steps ey Stove Fo i Stove Re. x¢ Rt) instruction and 1 Felch the counte 2 Decode the | Compule the edifective wuclion and lecalion x+0R ov Ath help ob a neat [Ansey Satafinskvuctions Ehvough the rite vegialey Data Baka { fnte Gta 4+ ALU (Axithmetic and legteal Unk) Jand of. Te fontains uke aééve Fegiater ohich Ling. ymsesvel ie tinge Low tn a programe ahie —4re }> ‘a STL is used to merement the val Get tha odbress of Lhe next Instruction Brave by giving tt a label iL cam peefore only addition. operation JAtw operations > [ste imstructions which ave to be executed Ibvom the inskvuction memory and Lhe next lu ob the PC inorder bo ADD hich Specifies brat but val other Jin the sequence 1s prepares for bhe execubion con ba Gone by incrementing khe program counterwdisy then it points te the next instruction ke The baste bunckionolily of sign- extend ust i= bo [faxivize Lhe data ilem sire by copying the higher Jexder Sign bit ob Lhe Original daka ikem. inte higher | Joxéer bit eb the largest destination data item | " \ Wevenalicalapais pov Dre blew emenkakion Istyucl Hip etanctia eis erucLion: tak Dnsbvuckic mak msleuclions axe alse calle ene Wer because (umineleds ERO Gieirar, oll, Taikialy the instsuckion 15 fetched bem the inslauclion) menieryand Valys tm the Pe is incremented by a The [etfererted ee Io Stowélesved_ I» the ithe Pipeline ge es tus So that iJ amy olhey inslvuclion im Lhe sequente vequlnes this value, Len tL can veer the IF]i0 pipeline weaislee WUTuskwuckion pecoke and Registev file Read Cis) [> Fe stage supphes the ib-bi, immedicte elk WHeen Jexlonsed lo 92 bls sng o slg enkené unk Th alse have: Jreauokey menibers thal wake Vrediminem ate lau Unese values ave stoved wi IbleK pipelnalll Including the inevemented’ Pe dbéveSE. SOHAL Baye Friction ie the sequence. oe. ee~Hhese—waines [Feecule ov Adivess caleulaion: Cex) | In ths Stage. the Baka wn the ood inskwuckion and ik alee Yeabs the aia a Forms adéibiow Operation on them us} lsum ts Stoved in khe Exlmee Pipeline x ag se ] . Beni Es A ake ent e atwuction reads the Gola me rer Sete ene stage. OF mo eye c presen it eee he dala. ethan Tease’ in the nn eee ea iterate Tetten Back Tole the’ Yeansle probes Heater ond | Pieine veices ord St ed ile singe age, these te, load snslwiction eels Gi IPeecenk bel uke Bock te tast oI Eee tke ae 3 by oa |e eeepc eat te Soo Jerrlie, Segiskse cd is wether ack inbe Uh [present Ie Delecen- the (hip and lolex/stage Lore process of execoling an vstwuction com besa, Pee Ree iasie. rol eiclon 10 Lhe ppaine freas ibs oun Satapath— fe Rel ercriion rinplexomnwel | odes Cin nahtuclon) /| te die, 2004) [| soe ausegs | v add $19.48, $4 fs ia, aCe add 445,56 Asbeuckion mem PMG sp cushout ine’ Quatlae? lan 1 Shared by isXginey \nstxuclions in Une Sequence |lo delevmine the value ap acingle Instwiction prom the ia, hrolé the < U a lremaming bow stages, the at memory 13 Stores in Lhe vegulX thewesove , Whenever ah lines belween |theve isa Bivisten |i? placed etter every dwisien, so thal > [data tohich is pelched prom the instwuclion the gata memory ea pipiens dota path a aoe opr iy ss > a the °¢ io Kecias tess colic 2 ES ese: Se So ne fon) ie eel signee ove seh seve (ALD Savvie) Limtion), water Aub ard Pe 2 iaskmuclion and Stare wstruction lea A dike fale Ga SreMTMESRM Te) ccs cre Sel fev Memtereg ond Aer erioneg makes a decision oie fier be send the ALY vesulk ov memory Value Clo vegiclev file) ie conbrel Ine Reghsile writes the Selected vole 19 Explain fala hazards ans Stalls with neat Giagrams ans sailable example ox What t2 gala hararg? How So You ovexome ib? awd alo tsk the Vavious measuses used bow hansing data hazavé | Answer: PF Data hazard occur when an instruction bapents aM Ehe yesulk of a previous insbruckion iM a way | shat 1s exposed by kha everlapping af instrackions | nthe pipaline They ave Seb by branch equal insiwsclny “rN he Ofecer | SS order /Wobe wien minsbeacion 6 accents = th the case, apd Inskwclion bea Wake the Yegster $3 in ccs TS bubbles ate Skall the Oak S08 lnstwuction all Eaves would be using Ehe wrong data biom lke AbD wesull. The Program geet tong 1 Solubion 1 r | qniwsace ebvee! BOeLeemnEm [stage “Hus will baciltal 7 Gabsequeotly, a the bel belayed In the Pipe Gamat TS ekalkel BARBER? Explain the melbobs feghng with the eenlvel horevds o what «1s branch arais? Describe with the branch harords tne methods ee meorreck bYanch prediction decisions , vesubing in Inskrucbions Jentawiag Lhe pipeline Lhak must be dtscavded.A conliel | WIhazard 1s obten xeferved bo as a branch hazard whol gre gonbsol_Harards branch hazarés ave caused by bremch instructions and ate known a4 conlicl hazards The bbw ob praponf watuction execulin 15 contvolled by byanch inslsuc > Te higher level languages , Cordiboral Statements axe laced fev epetibive loops ov condibional Lesling Ceorelale uth while) forif, case Statements) > These ave convewted inlo one sh the branch finskeaction vanaLions fe Te undesterd the programme Fos, you mast Know the vake the Condilion being bested, lea [Siitecull stuabion mAs a Yeu, then the becision to exacule onelf Imsbsuclion = Yelank on the [Such a 2 conditional | conditions west dh another igsuiclor, branch ; winch eames thes | Ceaseqiesk Value ja condilienal harard detelgpe | ie The program Counker Cec) te [Place pe the |Setevmines the loaded tsth-the cppropiiele. PProptia branch and Jump insheuckions hich | Programme plow The next Aoskwuclion Habis | na ereculed by the gwen cpu is Stowdiathe | 40031, ADD 455, den bse pee aenc. JOP eae yor sts auo\ gat, her, ae \ \ Because af the Union will be b40, which aieke bades one the Pe al the enh aby ch ame iostauckion. Tis AND \ncbnuction : ta not going te be Caren at al wn this Scenario, fetching the Zs io poinlless Whak 12 Lhe status ob the pipeline? SMe Ts belch musk ba Lexminaled while tn 12 Jha) can only be detewnines once T2 has been decoded ae FMP. As a vesult, the pipeline canst conbinse ae cavvent yale, wsulting in a Gontvel Sependancy Chaeenaoml lubions fox Cowbsel Hazards: if ios 3 Te Goweck the Genltel hazad problem Wel jpler the instwuclion fetch uli! we geb bavael Od8 [eb branch instiuclion fe ol taken = > stalling unt! the beanch is complete: lone Improvemeot over branch Stalling (5 hak the branch will nok be taken ane jexeculion dome the sequential [eid Broneh_ taken. \ST5 the branch (5 Laken, the | being tetched and decoded must (ieee discard inskruclions bo am Unexpected event. [ts Dsronaeaane eae 3 > Psckiction ab branches 1y tab fe called branch PB branch prediction b ste olen called tromh Wh a RSL nae Rea ee, Se ns “ ost 1 hebronch a> that 13 meant by MIPS? omagor) mere \bils indaling tahelher & vecobtly taken cov nob. | Mition Insbsuckions Per Second) to a¥ simple Sirccrng sealable Rise axchiLecluve with abopled by he indclay Tite Lypes of dynamic bremch predicbion | q > One bik prediction Debne Progra Counles (rc) 0D Tae bik predicbon | = iat 1s meant by Pregvam Counke?, One bit prediclion a bby Pree )Tribially aasume branch will be taken TF branch the addvess location of the | hz vegisly cootal \natruclios curventhy gelling execaled The Pet Increment: A sluchion Ls be executed is Laken assumplion 2 Correct Yemain in the same slot! Js ah the byanch 1S nek Laken and a: sopbion 4= «yong move le tha bvanch wot taken stale and chenge the [Prediction decision iz = what 1s a datapath, lan) Repeat the aboe Steps for busther execulion. | ox Raper erento Define Satapath initially assume byawch twill be taken 15 assumption 1S corecl vamain the same stale | ob the Usaiaaay FD IF assumption 15 wrong and byanch is not Laken, | tmakion ‘Céaka and inslwuclions) Lhvoush the CPU, Ing [using combinational and Sequential creuby Ansues A batapath ie a vepresentalion eee Siesta en | kn) Repeat the above step fer further execulion Lee ox hhak 15 meank by hazaxé a. | Answer | Hazards ave silualions thal preven! i finskmuction \n the Instwucken cycle | busing vks Basignaled lock egele [pevdoemance of the plpelinng S whal 13 pipeliniag 7 ov | laws pipelining - Pipelining 2 an _implemeaterbion

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