TRIGONOMETRIC

IDENTITIES
WEEK 7 – PART 1
 CLASSIFY INTO
TWO
Group the following
equations into two, A and B.
 𝟑𝐱 – 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟒 – 𝐱 = −𝐱 + 𝟒
𝟑(𝐱 – 𝟐) = 𝟑𝐱 – 𝟔
𝟐
(𝐱 + 𝟏)(𝐱 – 𝟏) = 𝒙 − 𝟏
𝟐
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝐱 = 𝐱 + 𝟑

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
=𝐱−𝟐
𝐱+𝟐
Guide Questions:
1. How did you group the equations?
2. What is the basis of the classification?

EQUATIONS A EQUATIONS B
𝟑𝐱 – 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 – 𝐱 = −𝐱 + 𝟒
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝐱 = 𝐱 + 𝟑 𝟑(𝐱 – 𝟐) = 𝟑𝐱 – 𝟔
(𝐱 + 𝟏)(𝐱 – 𝟏) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
=𝐱−𝟐
𝐱+𝟐
1. An equation may be a conditional equation or an
identity.
2. Which do you think, between equations A and B,
is conditional? Why?
3. Which may be considered as identities? Why?
EQUATIONS
CONDITIONAL A
EQUATION IDENTITY B
EQUATIONS
𝟒 – 𝐱 = −𝐱 + 𝟒
𝟑𝐱 – 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟑(𝐱 – 𝟐) = 𝟑𝐱 – 𝟔
(𝐱 + 𝟏)(𝐱 – 𝟏) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏

𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝐱 = 𝐱 + 𝟑
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
=𝐱−𝟐
𝐱+𝟐
A conditional equation is valid only for
certain values of x.

In an identity, the equation is true for

every value of the variables for which
both sides of equation are defined.
Is the equation, sin 𝑥 sec 𝑥 = tan 𝑥,
an identity? Let us verify with a
graphing utility.
 TRY THIS!
Solve each equation and identify if it is a conditional
equation or an identity:

1. 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 5𝑥 6. 3𝑥 − 5 = 2𝑥 − 9
2. 𝑦 + 6 = 14 7. 𝑥+2 𝑥+4 =3 𝑥+3 −1
8. 23 − 5 3 − 𝑦 = −4(𝑦 − 2) + 9𝑦
3. 9𝑧 − 8𝑧 = 3
9. 4𝑧 = 𝑧 2
4. 𝑐3 = 𝑐 ∙ 𝑐 ∙ 𝑐
10. 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 = 0
2𝑚
5. =𝑚
2
 TRY THIS!
Solve each equation and identify if it is a conditional
equation or an identity:

1. 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 5𝑥 6. 3𝑥 − 5 = 2𝑥 − 9
2. 𝑦 + 6 = 14 7. 𝑥+2 𝑥+4 =3 𝑥+3 −1
8. 23 − 5 3 − 𝑦 = −4(𝑦 − 2) + 9𝑦
3. 9𝑧 − 8𝑧 = 3
9. 4𝑧 = 𝑧 2
4. 𝑐3 = 𝑐 ∙ 𝑐 ∙ 𝑐
10. 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 = 0
2𝑚
5. =𝑚
2 Shaded are Identities
IDENTITIES
RECIPROCAL IDENTITIES
1 1
sin 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 =
csc 𝜃 sin 𝜃

1 1
cos 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 =
sec 𝜃 cos 𝜃

1 1
tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
cot 𝜃 tan 𝜃
 QUOTIENT IDENTITIES
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES

sin2𝜃 + cos2𝜃 = 1

tan2𝜃 + 1 = sec2𝜃

1 + cot2𝜃 = csc2𝜃
 ODD-EVEN IDENTITIES

cos −𝜃 = cos 𝜃 sec −𝜃 = sec 𝜃

sin −𝜃 = −sin 𝜃 csc −𝜃 = −csc 𝜃

tan −𝜃 = −tan 𝜃 cot −𝜃 = −cot 𝜃

 CO-FUNCTION IDENTITIES
𝜋 𝜋
sin − 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 csc − 𝜃 = sec 𝜃
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
cos − 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 sec − 𝜃 = csc 𝜃
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
tan − 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 cot 2
− 𝜃 = tan 𝜃
2
State whether each statement is True or False.

1) sin −120° = sin 120° False

2) cos 43° = sin 47° True
sin −60°
3) tan −60° = True
cos −60°

1
4) sec −50° = True
cos 50°

2 3π 2 3π
5) 1 − sin = cos True
4 4
 TRY THIS!
Prove each of the following trigonometric identities:

1. sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sec 𝜃 csc 𝜃 = 1

2. tan 𝜃 cos 𝜃 csc 𝜃 = 1
3. cot 𝜃 sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃
4. sec 𝜃 csc 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃
5. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 1
TRIGONOMETRIC
IDENTITIES
SESSION 2
 The Sum and Difference Identities for
Sine and Cosine
sin 𝐴 + 𝐵 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

sin 𝐴 − 𝐵 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵

cos 𝐴 + 𝐵 = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

cos 𝐴 − 𝐵 = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

sin 30 cos 40 + cos 30 sin 40

sin 70 
sin 65 cos 25 - cos 65 sin 25

sin 40 
cos 80 cos 20 + sin 80 sin 20

cos 60 
cos 30 cos 35 - sin 30 sin 35

cos 65 
cos 50 cos 25 - sin 50 sin 25

cos 75 
Apply the sum and difference identity for
sine and cosine in determining the exact
value of the following:

1. sin 𝟏𝟓

2. cos 𝟏𝟎𝟓
The Sum and Difference Identities for
Tangent

𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑩
tan(𝑨 + 𝑩) =
𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑩

𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑩
tan(𝑨 − 𝑩) =
𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑨 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑩
1) Prove that tan 𝜃 = tan(𝜋 + 𝜃).
2) Without the use of calculator,
determine the value of tan 75°.
The Double-Angle Formula

sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A

2 tan A
tan 2A =
1 − tan2 A

cos 2A = cos2 A − sin2 A

cos 2A = 2 cos 2 A − 1

cos 2A = 1 − 2 sin2 A
 4 4
1) Prove that 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = cos 2𝜃
2) Use the double angle identities to find
sin 120°.
3) Use the sum of sine and double angle
formulas to derive the formula for sin 3𝑥.
 4
4) If cos 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 270° < 𝜃 < 360°, find
5
sin 2𝜃.
The Half-Angle Formulas

𝑨 𝟏 − cos 𝑨
sin = ±
𝟐 𝟐
𝑨 sin 𝑨
tan =
𝟐 1 + cos 𝑨

𝑨 𝟏 + cos 𝑨
cos = ±
𝟐 𝟐
sin 112.5°
Use an appropriate half angle formula to
𝜋
find the exact value of cos .
8
 SIMPLIFYING
TRIGONOMETRIC
EXPRESSIONS
Let us simplify each trigonometric
expression.

1. tan 𝜃 sin 𝜃
sec 𝜃
2.
cos 𝜃

3. 1 − cos 𝜃 1 + cos 𝜃
Write each expression in terms of sine
or cosine only

1. tan 𝜃 cos 𝜃
cot 𝜃
2.
cos 𝜃

3. (sec 𝜃 + 1)(sec 𝜃 − 1)
sec 𝜃 sec 𝜃
4. −
sin 𝜃 csc 𝜃
1. Simplify in terms of cos θ.
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
+ cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃

2. Simplify in terms of sin θ.

1 + cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
+
sin 𝜃 1 + cos 𝜃
 PROVING
TRIGONOMETRIC
IDENTITIES
Prove the following:

1. tan 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = sin 𝜃

2. sin4𝜃 + 2sin2𝜃 cos2𝜃 + cos4𝜃 = tan 𝜃 cot 𝜃

cos 𝜃
3. − cos 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
Prove the following:

1. tan 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = sec 𝑥

1 1
2. + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 =
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

3. sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 cos2 𝑥 = sin3 𝑥

Prove the following:

1. 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐2 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 − 1

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
2. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 =
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
3. − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
 EXTRA
CHALLENGE
Prove the following using half-angle
identities:

𝜃
2 sin 𝜃 + sin 2𝜃 = 4 sin 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
2
Find the value of each of the following:

1. sin 105 (Sum/Difference of Sine)

2. cos 120 (Double-Angle Identity)

TRIGONOMETRIC
IDENTITIES
SESSION 4
Assessment 2.6