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Management Operations

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Task 1
a) Different characteristics and roles of the manager and the leader
people could be organized in the different ways and in Yahoo Inc.

Leadership the people could either organized by proper management or the leadership. when it
is talked about the something new then the leader is always the first person who comes to mind.
While on the other hand the manager or the management plays the best roles and the duties when
they are assigned to manage the group along which the resources in the group which they are
using. Both of these very from each other but both of these are the important part of any
organization

1. People

Both the managers and the leaders are associated with the organizational and the people of the
organization. The manager in the organization has the responsibility of managing the people in
such way they could achieve the targets and the goals set for the organization, while on eth other
had the leader treat the people as the cause the reason, a project that would be completed or the
vision that has been attained.

5. Path

The managers and the leaders of the company have the knowledge that there is need of direction
or the path for the leader so that they could convert the visions in to the reality. Once they have
selected the direction it owed be the duty of the manager to maintain the check and balance on
the effecting and the progress of the employees while the leader is responsible that the right
direction has been maintained by the people.

6. A Higher Purpose

People working in nay atmosphere are attached with the vison or nay purpose that exceeds the
achievement of the vision and the avoidance of the reality. Both leaders and the managers play
an important role in this perspective too. As it is the duty of the leaders that they bring out the
maximum and the best from the employees while managers guide them how the best could be
used either efficiency so that the maximum results could be gained.
2. Reality

It must be understood by both the leaders and the managers that thee may some of the reality that
could not be acceptable to some of the people. It is the duty of the managers to motivate them on
the path to the vision, while the leader is responsible for assisting those who believe in the
vision.

3. Vision

Sometimes the vision is made by the people that how the things need to be done and that vision
is very important for the leader and the manager. The managers help people in diving the vison
in to goals and helping them to get the vision. While on the other hand leaders help people in
believing the vision is strong and it must come true.

4. Gap or Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive Dissonance could be defined as the gap between the reality and the vision. In this case
the duty of the managers is to help people taking the necessary steps on the specific paths while
on the hand leaders use this for assisting the people carving out the path from Reality to Vision.

The general difference between the responsibilities of leaders and the managers are given in the
below table
 b) Examination of the examples that how the functions of the managers and the roles of the
leaders apply in the various situational contexts.
Different type of leaders is required in different type of circumstances by Fred Fielder’s states in
its model of leadership. There is a probability in consideration that is has been referred by the
conditional authorities that in case there is a difficult job of the companies working
circumstances the leader is executing there will be reality of the formulas of the leader by
running the work circumstance. In future, the theory is named as CRT (Cognitive Resource
theory) that differentiate the situation of the assembling of the workers and leader’s advantages
from the skills.
Least Preferred Co-Worker (LPC) Test
Procedures of creative circumstances has been acknowledged that propose the Fiedler’s
probability with the exam outcomes that would provide leadership linked with environment of
work under which, it will be appropriate for the usual level. LPC test is the idea of the examiner,
so this not so utilizable for the colleagues, the test topics for the majority which manages the
relationship of humans of the prioritized colleagues, which are main workers. (Barrett and
Baldry, 2003)

Situational Context
Fiedler model also assessed the situation on which the leaders are dependent to take the
decisions. Three major aspects of situational context by managers and leaders to execute the
tasks:
1: Member-leader relationships: there must be security and faith among the leaders and the
supporters.
2: the work structure: the collecting events and the processes which are particular to the leader
and the manager
3: Controlling the situation as a lead: because of the part among the setup, the authority of
publicity leaders is calculated (Warwick, 2015).
Roles of Manager:
Regardless of the situation, random tasks and duties are not executed by managers. The
managers can effectively perform their duties in five ways which are planning, staffing, leading,
organizing and controlling
• Planning: for the accomplishment of goal, a chart is formed in this task by managers. Like if
the organization’s aim is to accomplish the increase in retails, the plan is made according to that.
Once they have the complete plan, they will chase the plan for attaining increased level of retails.
.
• Organizing: managers organize the group or the funds in accordance with their plan. There are
two important aspects of organizing, giving the work and handing over the control.
• Staffing: when all the requirements are recognized by the manager then they start to hire, train
and improve the staff.
• Leading: the managers have the duty to lead the group to accomplish the aims of the
organization
• Controlling: the managers continue to assess the outcomes. If an action is needed to corrected,
they will be correct it. (Mitchell, 2005).
 c) Application of the different models of the approaches and the different theories including
the system leadership, contingency, and the situational leadership.
Contingency Leadership
The main focus of the contingency theory of leadership is on the specific variable which are
associated to the environment that will determine that which of the leadership style is more best
for the specific situation. This theory has stated that there is not any style which remains the bets
for all types of situation s. there are many factors or the variables which make the contribution
in the success of any organization. And those factors include the styles of the leadership, the
situational characteristics and the qualities of the followers. It has said by the contingency theory
the main factor on which the contingency theory is bases is the alliance or the coordination
between the qualities of the leadership and then the style that has been selected at that time
according to the situation.

in the yahoo company the manager is expecting to perform the duties like giving the different
tasks to the employees according the skills of the employees. If there is a work that has been
started and could not be completed on the time, then it is the manager of the project who is
considered responsible. If the contingency approach is being used in the business, then there will
be the strict job description that will help the project manager to complete the project on time.
There would not be any problems of missing the deadline if this approach is being sued in the
company more over there may be issues in this approach of the projects are of long term nature.
This approach mainly focuses on the current issues and the problems and do not pay much
attention towards the employees in enhancing their skills on the long term basis that could give
the benefits to business on the long term basis. If the manager is using the demanding leadership
styles they will have to face some of the problems while managing IT. While selecting the style
of the leadership the culture of the organization must be considered first.
Situational leadership
It is being determined by this theory if the leaders are efficiency then they play the duty of the
management and the leadership. There are many situations which are being assessed by the
leaders of yahoo Inc. that what are the ways by adopting which they could be more effective.

There are 4 leadership styles and those styles are named as coaching, directing, supporting and
delegating and the if the leader is efficient he would be familiar with such of the styles and
known better that which of the style is best according to the situation. If this theory is being
adopted it will not only help the leaders of yahoo bit also the manager so the yahoo would also
get the assistance. As per the nature there is need of constantly adopting the changing techniques
so that innovation could be complied on the regulate basis.

System Leadership
In this style of leadership, it is the duty of the leaders to make or provide the working
environment to the employees of the company in which they could bring out the best results of
the production, moreover the leaders could have the access towers the tools by adopting which
they could predict the behavior of the people. In this style of leadership there are strong
principles regarding the behavior of people and the social processes and the systems of designs.

Task 2
a) explanation of the core approaches to the operation management and roles played by the
managers and the leaders.

JUST IN TIME (JIT)

This is the strategy used in the process of the production. For fulfilling the objectives of JIT the
main dependence of the operations is on the signals at eth different stages in the process.
Normally the tickets are known as the Kanban but they there could be the simplest visual signals.
The main focus of JIT is on the consistent enhancements and the return could be enhanced on the
manufacturing organizational return. There are some of the main factors which include the
involvement of the employees, the quality and the flow. At the central areas of JIT, it must be
noticed that here would be the need of the personal for ordering the new stock which is
considered the crucial to the reduction of the inventory.

Continues improvement
 There is concept of the consistent improvement that has been discussed in the Japanese
philosophy named as Kaizen. There would be improvement at all stages in the business and in all
the departments when this philosophy is being applied in the business. The main objective is the
elimination of the waste that would enhance the standards of the working prices and the results
of the project would also be improved.

The Kaizen activity is being based on the 7 phases

 Opportunity identification
 The process analysis
 The development of the optimal solution
 The solution implementation
 The results must be studies
 The solution should be standardized
 There must be planning for the future

Due to the effectors made on the continuous basis and all these improvements enhance the
efficiency. So that the better results are obtained on the long term basis.

Total quality management

A management viewpoint that pursues too assimilate all the activities of the organization like
(finance, production, design, customer service and marketing) to concentrates on fulfilling the
requirements of customer and the aims of the organization is called TQM. An organization is
group of processes according to the point of view of total quality management.

This is considered the philosophy of the management which has the objective of integrating all
the functions of the organization. It also motivates the company to concentrate more on meeting
the objectives of the company and also the needs of the company customers. TQM has the main
aim to bring the improvements in all the functions of the company and enhances the knowledge
of the employees which are working in the organization. It could be said that main goal of TQM
is to perform the right things and is which always need to be done. All the approaches or the
TQM could be adopted at the large scale and for the long period as it is considered infinite. So
now TQM is known as the tool of the generic management which is applicable in all kinds of
public sector organizations.

Role of leaders and manager

These rules are performer in action by managers and leaders. With the lack of good leadership
skills and and proper policies to implement management of operation would not be efficient.
Create the proper environment:

The renovation can be achieved by companies leadership. If the environment is established by

leaders that increases the duties of employees, there are more probabilities of accomplishing the
tasks of the produced goods quality because every employee is individually giving his self to the
work.

Lead by example:

We can achieve this by leading the examples. Real leaders can make people follow them instead
of imposing their rule on them or by dictating them. The good leader must execute due
thoroughness while exploring their competitive market.

Craft a strategy, then be flexible with it:

A good leader should unite his worker to utilize all their vital skills and abilities in a manner and
by this method we can get the desired quality and quantity of good.

b) The value and the importance of the operations management in meeting the objectives of
the business.

Management’s operation was only essential in the production industry was a mutual concept of
people to believe upon. The factor that the production industry is responsible for more activities
and procedures initiating from the procurement of the resources until the products have been
made and retailed and additionally in many situations services after retaining were also a part of
it therefore, forming a concept that the management activities is an essential part of production
business (Chase and Zhang, 1998). While in the circumstances of service industry, the contain
different procedures initiating with consideration of requirements of consumers and their reviews
about service and therefore a point comes when the production industry was told by the service
business that what they need and therefore the operation’s management is also very significant as
it is in production business. Customers’ requirements should be considered and they should be
fulfilled whenever a service or a product is offered by the organization. This is considered as a
very significant procedure and therefore, the group of marketing performs an important role in
satisfying and understanding the requirements of the customers. Queries have been made by the
team of marketing and the customer’s reviews are considered while making the structure of a
product or how to provide the service.
Ikea can illustrate to help us to understand the significance of the management’s operations.
A Swedish organization which retails, ready to use appliances and furniture of homes and its
decorations is IKEA. In 2012, the net revenue of the Ikea is 4% and considered to be the largest
industry of the world. The furniture’s designs are compiled in swede whereas the production is
done almost in all progressing states to reduce the cost. Almost, there are 50 supplier countries of
IKEA and the major supplier is Chine for IKEA.
The IKEA’s situation is ideal to describe that why the Management operations are essential in
every kind of industry, in the section of production, the organization need to lessen their
surpluses and raise their output and management of time and funds to ensure that the cost of
production is less and with the point of view to outlets, the organization’s goals are to use the
warehouse in sensible way, the specification are described to the consumers and the goods are
transferred to the customer easily so that cost of shifting is also less. Stores must give attention to
the sales and marketing which is contained to their procedures. So its shows that the managing of
operation is essential in every type of business and to work successfully and effectively in the
business world you should manage your operation.
There are two basic aims of the management operation that are required to be accomplished and
by various methods, we can say that both goals are interlinked. Utilization of resources and
services of customers are the main goals. The services of customers are the basic goal of any
organization because in the end, regardless of each the policy, marketing and management
operation, if the consumer is not satisfied with the product then the whole objective of the
organization will fall. So the management operation enables that all consumer’s requirements
should be fulfilled and organization also ensures that they are utilizing the funds of the company
effectually. The manufacturing cost could be increased if there was misuse of the funds of the
company and eventually it will reduce the profits of the organization. So these two aims should
be followed in corresponding method so that the company will get advantage from it. To manage
the quality of the organization is the purpose of IKEA and ensuring that the activities are
performed efficiently to secure the funds.
 c) Factors assessment within the business environment which places the impacts on the
decision-making by managers and leaders and also the operational management

If case of any organization, there must be ability of the managers to handle to changes and then
make the proper adjustments in the external and the internal environment. Due to such changes
there would be the huge impacts on the decision making and the operational management of the
company. There must be proper strategies made by the management so that the all the factors,
operations and technical enhancements could be made which is known as the process of the
strategic planning.

Internal Environment Factors

All the important aspects of the internal management are given in the table with the explanation
that how these factors affect the efficiency of the business.

Factor Influence on the organization

Human Resource While evaluating the success of the company there are some of the
factors which are known as the deterring factors of the success.
Experience of the manage and employees, capability and the
workforce are those factors. So, this is the reason due to which there
is huge concentration paid by the organization when the staff is being
hired. Moreover, huge attention is being paid towards staff by
providing them the special training.

Organizational Culture In any organization, there is huge importance of the culture which is
made by the behavior of the employees which are working in the
organization. This culture can place the negative or the positive
impacts of the success of the company. The positive atmosphere
made by the positive behavior of the employees would attract the
customers and creates the ease in the strategies implementation of the
 company. This negative of the employees of the company will create
the huge hurdles at the time when strategies would be implement in
the company.

Organization Structure

The structure of the organization is considered very important for

conducting how the mission of the company would be carried out by
the activities of the company. In case of the profit bases organization
which is performing the operations in the very competitive
environment it is the structure of the organization who is considered
responsible for introducing the innovative techniques and the
strategies in the company.

while in the nonprofit organization there will be the committee or the

management board along with the volunteers of the organization and
the salaries of the company. All these committees have the different
duties and the roles which are being done as the coordinators or the
business functions.

Assets These are the assets of the company who make the internal
environment of the company and this environment could either be
either the good or the poorer and weaker. There must be proper
availability of the sources whenever they are required. There may be
problems of the late deliveries of the orders and the produces if the
assets or the equipment’s are not available at time.

Financial Strength In any organization, there is huge importance of the finance

 availability. Like no matter however good the assets of the company
how efficient of the employees of the company are if the organization
is running the cash shortage creates the problems in all the
departments and the operations of the company. Moreover, negative
impacts would be placed on the staff of the company and its morale.

External Environment Factors:

The table given below classifies the essential elements of the about external environment in
which we are running our business. These elements are unable to control by the business but they
can take required action about the changing happens. Environmental aspects such as economic
situations are daily published on media and provide a large data which can be utilized by them
for making strategic schedules. Although it’s hard to recognize some of the external aspects,
specially of the speed of change is unseen from the view.

Factor Influence on the organization

Economic conditions The spending patterns of the citizens would be affected by eth
prevailing economic conditions of the company. The factors or the
company include the fluctuations in the rates of interest, the changes
in the employment levels and the consumption rate of the non-
essential goods or the services. If there are financial difficulties in the
life of people, they will tight their budget and do not make more
spending on the hoorays and the recreations.

Technology Since the last 50 years there has been the huge technical changes
which are affecting the business and competition on the huge level.
 So, it is very important for the business that they should introduce all
the necessary technical changes in their business operations and all
the important departments.

If these technological changes are not made, then there would be the
huge risk of losing eth customers and the markets share.

Legal One of the obvious change which is made in the law is taxation. there
are different conditions like sometimes the changes are made after
awarding the people that changes are being made so that they could
get ready while some other times the changes are made without even
giving any notice. There are some other laws due to which the
organization are effected and those laws are regarding the
environment and the health and safety of the employees.

Political Without giving any notice the changes of the government policy are
well notices and discussed. The level of impacts by the changes in
the government policies on the organizations could be identified by
the help of evaluating that how much the organization is relying on
the assistance of the company.

Social In the population make up there is constant change and that change
could be either the increment in the population level, increment in the
families which are two income families, the age is increasing at which
people do marriages, suburbs, increasing ethnic diversity which were
once have been dominated by the young families. There could be the
significant effects on the demographic changes.
References