Informal test

Grade: 10
Subject: Life Sciences
Topics:
– Animal Tissues
– Biosphere to Ecosystems
– Plant Organs
– Plant Tissues
Total marks: 100
Time: 3 hours
Instructions:
– Write neatly and legibly.
– Answer all questions.

Question 1

1.1 Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions from the possibilities given. Write only
the letter (A to D) next to the question number on your Answer Sheet.
1.1.1 Which of the following is not a tissue?
A. Bone
B. Collagen
C. Blood
D. Cartilage [2]
1.1.2 The identifying characteristic of epithelial tissue is:
A. cells embedded in a non-cellular matrix
B. a layer of cells on a basement membrane
C. the ability to contract
D. the ability to carry electrical impulses [2]

1.2 Give the term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question number
on your Answer Sheet.

1.2.1 What is the motto of CC Africa, the organization that manages Phinda Private Game Reserve? [1]
1.2.2 The cells that regulate the size of stomatal pores [1]
1.2.3 What is the term for the practice of alleviating poverty by giving local people the opportunity to
participate actively in development projects? [1]

1.2.4 What is the term for the process of clearing natural vegetation to build factories, roads, houses,
and amenities such as shopping centers? [1]
1.2.5 What is the term for a place that is rural and undeveloped? [1]

1.3 Match the description in Column 1 with a term in Column 2. Write the question number and matching
LETTER only.

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Informal test
Column 1 Column 2
1) Protection A)parenchyma
2)Storage B)epidermis
3)Strength C)sclerenchyma
4)Growth D)xylem
5)Transport E)meristematic

1.3.1 [1]

1.4 Indicate whether each description in COLUMN 1 applies to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or
NONE of the items in COLUMN 2. Write A only, B only, both A and B or none, next to the question
numbers (1 to 5).

Column 1 Column 2
1. Part of the biosphere A. hydrosphere B. lithosphere
2. A group of organisms of the same species, living in A. community B. population
a specific area at the same time
3. The role an organism or species plays where it lives A. niche B. habitat
4. A large area with a particular climate and particular A. ecosystem B. biome
species of plants and animals
5. All the populations of all the different species in a A. ecosystem B. habitat
particular place

1.4.1 [10]

1.5 Indicate whether each description in COLUMN 1 applies to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or
NONE of the items in COLUMN 2. Write A only, B only, both A and B or none, next to the question
numbers (1 to 5).

Column 1 Column 2
1. Biome characterised by mixed vegetation of grass- A. Grassland B. Savanna
land and trees
2. Biome characterised by small shrubs with fine leaves A. Grassland B. Fynbos
3. Characteristic of a Forest biome A. high rainfall B. trees of different heights
4. Characteristic of the Fynbos biome A. cold, wet winters B. hot, dry summers
5. Biome characterised by sandy soil with little nutri- A. Forest B. Grassland
tional value

1.5.1 [10]

1.6 Indicate whether the epithelial tissue named in COLUMN 1 applies to A ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A
AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN 2. Write A only, B only, both A and B or none, next to
the question numbers (1 to 5).

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Informal test
COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2
1)adipose A: The fatty tissue deposited directly under the skin
B: Involved in hormone production
2)areolar A: Primarily found in central nervous system B:
Widely distributed throughout the body
3)cartilage A: Flexible and semi-rigid B: Rich blood supply allow-
ing fast healing after injury
4)blood A: Composed of cells suspended in liquid matrix B:
Presence of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombo-
cytes
5)epithelial A: Binds matrix material B: White collagen fibres for
strength
6)fibrous A: tendons B: ligaments

1.6.1 [10]

Question 2

2.1 Study the following diagram and answer the questions that follow.

2.1.1 Specify whether this is plant or animal tissue. [1]

2.1.2 Identify the organelle that plays a role photosynthesis [1]
2.1.3 Explain the function of the stoma [3]

2.1.4 Describe how these cells assist the stomata to perform their function [2]
2.1.5 Predict what would happen if the stoma were to become covered in a waterproof [1]
2.1.6 Suggest why stoma are typically found on the underside of leaves and why this is a useful adap-
tation. [2]

2.2 The table shows the numbers of fish in a river downstream of a factory that started to release hot
wastewater into the river in 1990. The river has indigenous species of fish (A to F) and alien invasive
species (G to I). Study the information in the table and answer the question.

Year A B C D E F G H I
1990 20 100 5000 1100 2 3 85 0 0
1992 150 2 100 65 0 0 560 30 26

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Informal test
2.2.1 What effect did the hot water have on the number of indigenous fish species and the number of
alien invasive fish species in the river? [2]

2.3 Answer the following questions in your answer book.

2.3.1 Describe the structure and function of sclerenchyma in plants and explain its use in the production
of hemp products. [8]
2.3.2 Describe the structure and function of xylem and phloem in plants and explain how they contribute
to the transportation of water and nutrients in plants. [8]
2.3.3 Describe the role of meristematic tissue in plant growth and development. [8]
2.3.4 What are the four main types of animal tissues? [4]
2.3.5 What is the location and function of epithelial tissue in the body? [2]

2.3.6 What are four types of connective tissue and their functions in the body? [8]
2.3.7 State:
(a) how collagen affects the functioning of connective tissue.
(b) why bone tissue is hard.
(c) cartilage is flexible. [3]

2.3.8 Explain the difference between voluntary and involuntary movements and give examples of each.
[4]
2.3.9 What is nerve tissue and what is its function in the body? [2]

2.4 Give the term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question number
on your Answer Sheet.

2.4.1 What is one of the ethical guidelines for genuine ecotourism in protecting wildlife and plants? [1]

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Memorandum
Question 1

1.1.1 B ✓✓
1.1.2 B✓✓

[4]

1.2.1 Care for the land, care for the wildlife, care for the people.✓
1.2.2 Guard cells ✓
1.2.3 Poverty alleviation✓
1.2.4 urbanization✓
1.2.5 Village or countryside✓

[5]

1.3.1 1 B ✓ 2 A ✓ 3 C ✓ 4 E ✓ 5 D✓

[1]

1.4.1 1. Both A and B ✓✓ 2. B only ✓✓ 3. A only ✓✓ 4. B only ✓✓ 5. None ✓✓

[10]

1.5.1 1. B only ✓✓ 2. B only ✓✓ 3. Both A and B ✓✓ 4. Both A and B ✓✓ 5. None ✓✓

[10]

1.6.1 1 Both A and B✓✓ 2 Only A✓✓ 3 Only B✓✓ 4 None✓✓ 5 Both A and B✓✓

[10]
TOTAL QUESTION 1 [40]

Question 2

2.1.1 Plant tissue✓

2.1.2 Chloroplast✓
2.1.3 The stoma are small openings on the leaves that allow water vapor✓ and gasses✓ to enter and exit✓
the leaf.
2.1.4 The guard cells assist the stoma✓ by regulating the size of the opening of the stoma.✓
2.1.5 The leaf will be unable to conduct life processes.✓
2.1.6 The undersides of leaves are less exposed to the sun and more protected from breezes. ✓This is a
beneficial adaptation to prevent excessive water loss.✓

[10]

2.2.1 The number of indigenous species (A to F) decreased, and the number of alien invasive species (G to
I) increased. ✓✓

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Memorandum
[2]

2.3.1 Sclerenchyma cells have thick walls (✓) that contain a substance called lignin (✓) as well as cellulose
(✓), making the cell walls waterproof and providing strength and support to stems and roots. Scle-
renchyma is made of two types of cells: fibres (✓) and stone cells (✓). Hemp or cannabis contains
sclerenchyma fibres (✓) and has been used for thousands of years to make materials such as fabric,
paper, rope, and fuel. The sclerenchyma fibres in hemp make it a strong and durable plant (✓) that
is easy to grow (✓) and environmentally friendly. (✓) (Any 8)
2.3.2 Xylem transports water and mineral salts from the roots to all parts of the plant (✓) through long cells
called tracheids and vessels (✓). The walls of the vessels and tracheids are thickened with lignin (✓)
to strengthen them (✓) and allow them to withstand the pressure of water inside them (✓). Phloem
transports food from the leaves to other parts of the plan (✓) through long tubes formed by sieve tube
cells (✓) and companion cells (✓). The sieve tube cells lie end to end (✓) and have small holes in the
end walls called sieve plates (✓), allowing food to pass through the cytoplasm from cell to cell (✓).
The companion cells contain nuclei and control the functions of the sieve tubes. (✓) (Any 8)
2.3.3 Meristematic tissue is responsible for growth in plants (✓) by making roots and stems grow longer and
wider (✓) through the process of cell division (✓). Meristematic tissue consists of small cells (✓) that
are continuously dividing by mitosis to form new cells (✓), which then differentiate (✓) and form the
various plant tissue types (✓), becoming specialized as one of the types of tissues found in plants. (✓)
2.3.4 Epithelial tissue, ✓ connective tissue, ✓ muscle tissue, ✓ and nerve tissue. ✓
2.3.5 Epithelial tissue is found on the internal and external surfaces of body organs ✓ and is specialised for
protection, secretion, and absorption. ✓
2.3.6 blood✓ - transports food and oxygen and protects against infection ✓ cartilage✓ - provides support
and flexibility in areas such as the nose and joints ✓ bone✓ - provides strength and support as the
skeleton ✓ tendons and ligaments/ fibrous connective tissue✓ - provides strength and support ✓
2.3.7 (a) Collagen is a protein that provides strength and flexibility ✓to connective tissue (b) Bone tissue is
hard due to the presence of minerals such as calcium and phosphate ✓ in the matrix (c) Cartilage is
flexible due to the rubbery matrix and collagen fibres ✓
2.3.8 Voluntary movements are movements that are consciously controlled and initiated by the individual. ✓
Examples include lifting an arm, walking, lifting weights or playing a sport. (Any 1 or similar correct
answer ✓) Involuntary movements are movements that occur without conscious control. ✓ Examples
include: the beating of the heart, digestion of food and constriction of blood vessels. (Any 1 or similar
correct answer ✓)
2.3.9 Nerve tissue is found in the nervous system and contains nerve cells or neurons that carry messages in
the form of electrical impulses from one part of the body to another. ✓ The function of nerve tissue
is to transmit information and coordinate the activities of the body. ✓

[47]

2.4.1 Do not buy illegal wildlife products such as ivory or turtle shells.✓

[1]
TOTAL QUESTION 2 [60]

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