Unit 02

Classification of Art Forms in the Philippines

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions

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 Lesson 02
Visual Arts

Unit 2| Classification of Art Forms in the Philippines

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions

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LEARNING TARGETS

At the end of this unit, the learners should be able to do the following:

● Classify various art forms found in the Philippines.

● Demonstrate correct posture, breath support, and vocal projection during

a theatrical performance.

● Appreciate the beauty and value of different art forms and cultures and
develop a deeper understanding and empathy for the human experience
through artistic expression.

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VALUES AND ATTITUDES

In this unit, the learners should be able to do the following:

● Value the importance of creativity and innovation in the creation of

art.
● Appreciate the hard work and dedication required to produce an
exceptional performance.
● Recognize the power of performance to connect with an audience
and convey emotions and messages.

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 ART MOVEMENT
Social Realism from a Philippine Perspective

Social realism encompasses a diverse range of artworks showing poignant

commentary on socio-political issues of the country. According to art critic and writer
Alice Guillermo, the emergence of this art movement can be traced back to two
specific periods: the awakening of politicized Filipino consciousness during the late
1800s revolutionary period and the First Quarter Storm in the 1970s.

Noteworthy artists who have contributed to the realm of social realism include Pablo
Baens Santos, Papo De Asis, Antipas Delotavo, Edgar Talusan Fernandez, Renato
Habulan, Al Manrique, Leonilo Doloricon, Jose Tence Ruiz, the National Artist
BenCab, Nunelucio Alvarado, Jeho Bitancor, Manny Garibay, Charlie Co, Mark
Justiniani, and Eugene Cubillo.
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Demonstration

Art Gallery Walk 20 minutes

1. An art gallery is set up in the classroom, displaying several art pieces (e.g.,
paintings, sculptures, photographs, etc.) on the walls or tables.
2. Answer the questions written on the gallery walk worksheet about the
displayed artworks.
3. Explore the gallery by carefully examining each piece, jotting down notes,
and answering the worksheet.
4. After completing the gallery walk, return to your seats and participate in a
class discussion about your observations and reflections on the art pieces.

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Classifications of Visual Arts According to Materials
and Approaches Used.

Two-Dimensional Three-Dimensional Multi-Dimensional

Expressions Expressions Expressions

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Two-Dimensional Expressions

They are mainly flat because they only have length and width as their
dimensions.

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Below are techniques utilized in two-dimensional
expressions
1. Alla Prima - also known as wet-on-wet or when you paint over a layer of wet
paint

2. Encaustic - also known as hot wax painting or when you add pigment to
beeswax and use it to paint

3. Tempera Painting - adding pigment to a water-soluble binder medium such

as egg yolk

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Below are techniques utilized in two-dimensional
expressions
4. Fresco - a mural painting technique that involves painting over fresh plaster

5. Watercolor - when pigments are suspended in a water-based solution

6. Oil on Canvas - adding pigments to drying oil as a binder

7. Mosaic - when small pieces are assembled together (such as glass, stone,
seeds, etc) to form an image

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Below are techniques utilized in two-dimensional
expressions
8. Stained Glass - when an artwork is made with coloured glass.

9. Tapestry - textile art woven on a vertical loom.

10. Drawing - using a writing material (pen, pencil, marker, etc) to mark a
two-dimensional canvas such as paper and form an image.

11. Printing - when an image is formed using a master template

12. Photography - creating images with light.

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Three-Dimensional Expressions

Apart from length and width, three-dimensional objects also have volume.

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Below are the categories in three-dimensional expressions
A. Molding - reshaping a three-dimensional object such as marble or plaster to
create a new form.

B. Carving - scraping off parts of a material (often wood) to create a new form.

C. Etching - using a strong acid on a surface to create a design.

D. Installing - a site-specific artwork designed to transform and include space

in its message.

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 HITMAKERS
Alice Reyes was an extraordinary individual who played a pivotal role in
establishing and expanding ballet in the Philippines. She contributed to the
development of a renowned national arts organization.

Reyes was a big part of the remarkable growth of dance in the Philippines. She led
and set up regular season concerts, made dance an official profession, and
fostered its transformation into a respected career. As she grew older, her
radiance only intensified.

Before founding the organization that would eventually evolve into Ballet
Philippines, she had already embarked on dancing and choreographing dances for
stage and television, showcasing her talent and passion for the art form.
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Multi-Dimensional Expressions

Multi-dimensional expression uses length, width, mass, time and space as

its dimensions and it uses various techniques.

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Multi-dimensional expressions can be categorized as
follows:

A. Lashed construction
B. Truss Construction
C. Post and lintel construction
D. Cantilever
E. Arches

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In the Philippines, visual arts is characterized by the manifestations of a wide
array of cultural influence to the country. Specifically, it is marked by ethnic,
Spanish, American, and contemporary traditions.

As you learned in Unit 1, early artworks by the indigenous peoples of the

Philippines usually had a social and communal function. As early as then, they
were involved in sculpting, pottery, weaving, and other practices. Apart from
social utility, their visual artworks also usually had a spiritual significance. For
example, the patterns in their textiles suggested their religious beliefs.

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As for the colonizers, their influence in the Philippine visual arts is significant and
it remains prominent until today. The Spaniards added a religious dimension to
painting and sculpting by making saints and Biblical events the focus of its
subjects, while the Americans saw a push and pull between liberated and
conservative beliefs as it saw the rise of more secular themes.

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Integration

Cultural Artifacts 20 minutes

1. Research a specific art culture or historical period.
2. Gather information about art, symbols, and important events or people
from that time or culture.
3. Use art supplies from the chosen culture or period to make a cultural
artifact, such as a mask, pottery, or a textile.
4. Show the class your cultural artifacts and discuss their meaning.
5. After everyone has given their presentation, we will talk about cultural
diversity and why it is important to keep cultural heritage alive.

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FAD ART

Francisco "Bobby" Mañosa is a well-known Filipino architect celebrated

for his exceptional contributions to Filipino architecture. His works
prominently feature traditional materials and design elements like
bamboo, cogon grass, and capiz shells, showcasing the essence of
Filipino architecture. Mañosa's remarkable portfolio includes iconic
landmarks such as the Coconut Palace, the EDSA Shrine, and the San
Miguel Corporation head office. With his designs earning numerous
awards, Mañosa is widely regarded as one of the most influential
architects in the Philippines.

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Stoplight

STOP CONTINUE START

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PHOTO CREDIT
Slide 2: Unfinished Painting by Rencell Dicen is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

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REFERENCES
Datuin, Flaudette May, Brenda Fajardo, Patrick Flores, Alice Guillermo, Rosa Maria Icagasi, Regalado, Jose,
Elena Mirano, Elenita Ordoñez and Norma Respicio. Art and Society. Quezon City: University of the Philippines
Press, 1997.

Datuin, Flaudette May, Roberto Paulino, Eileen Legaspi-Ramirez and Louise Marcelino. Contemporary
Philippine Arts from the Regions. Manila: Rex Book Store, 2016

Namiki, Kanami. "Hybridity and national identity: Different perspectives of two national folk dance companies in the Philippines."
SPECIAL ISSUE: Cultural Hybridities of the Philippines al Hybridities of the Philippines (2011): 73.

Sayseng, Ayesha. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions. Pasay: JFS Publishing Services, 201

Tiongson, Nicanor. CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Arts. Pasay: Cultural Center of the Philippines, 1994.

Tiongson, Nicanor. Tuklas Sining: Essays on Philippine Arts. Pasay: Cultural Center of the Philippines, 1991.

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