Exploring
coastal
biodiversity.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES OVERVIEW.
Biodiversity &
Sampling
techniques.
BIODIVERSITY.
Biodiversity, also called biological diversity, is the
variety of life found in a place on Earth or, often, the
total variety of life on Earth. A common measure of this
variety, called species richness, is the count of species
in an area. Biodiversity also encompasses the genetic
variety within each species and the variety of
ecosystems that species create.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
In research, sampling techniques refer to the methods
used to select a subset of individuals or units from a
larger population for the purpose of study. These
techniques are crucial because they help determine the
representative and generalization of findings to the
broader population.
Sampling
techniques
THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF SAMPLING TECHNIQUES BUT THE
FOUR MOST COMMON PRACTICED SAMPLING TECHNIQUES ARE:
QUADRAT SURVEYS
POINT CONTACT SURVEYS
TOPOGRAPHY SURVEYS
SWATH SURVEYS
MONTH AND YEAR
07
QUADRAT
SAMPLING/SURVEY
The Quadrat sampling method is used to
estimate the density of mobile
invertebrates.it is a set size are placed in a
habitat of interest and the species within
those quadrats are identified and recorded.
For example: The Mobile invertebrates in the
quadrat, such as snails, limpets, and crabs
are identified, counted, and recorded.
Quadrat
sampling Quadrat sampling is a common method of sampling used in ecological research to
estimate the abundance and distribution of species within a defined area.
equations.
Sample
problem:
How would you calculate the population density of a species if you counted 150 individuals
across 10 quadrats, each measuring 1 square meter?
How do you determine the percentage cover of a species if it is found in 8 out of 20
quadrats?
How would you calculate the frequency of a species that appears in 12 out of 25 quadrats?
How do you estimate the population size of a species if the total habitat area is 1000 square
meters, each quadrat is 2 square meters, and the mean number of individuals per quadrat is
5?
Point contact
survey.
In ecology, a point contact survey is a method used to
assess the presence and abundance of species within
a given area. This technique is particularly useful for
studying vegetation and benthic communities. The
basic idea is to record the species that are in contact
with a series of points along a transect line.
here’s a simplified version of how the point contact
survey works:
1. Set up a transect line: Lay out a line of a specified
length in the study area.
2. Select points along the line: Choose points at
regular intervals along the transect line.
3. Record species at each point: At each point,
identify and record the species that are in contact
with the point.
09
1998
POINT CONTACT EQUATION.
The data collected can be used to calculate various ecological metrics, The equation
for calculating species abundance using point contact data can be expressed as:
Sample problem.
You are conducting a point contact survey in a grassland area to estimate
the abundance of a particular plant species, species A. You set up a
transect line that is 100 meters long and select points at every 1 meter
along the line, giving you a total of 100 points.
During your survey, you record the presence of species A at 25 of these
points.
Topography
survey.
DETERMINING THE RELATIVE LOCATIONS OF
POINTS (PLACES) ON THE EARTH'S SURFACE
BY MEASURING HORIZONTAL DISTANCES,
DIFFERENCES IN ELEVATION AND DIRECTIONS
TOPOS (GR.): PLACE; TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
GIVE THE LOCATIONS OF PLACES
(OBSERVABLE FEATURES); THEY SERVE AS
BASE MAPS
Example of
Topographic
map.
Swat survey.
Swat surveys help scientists assess biodiversity in
coastal areas. Researchers collect data across a wide
area, focusing on a two-meter-wide band over each
transect. They record species names, health, size, and
location. By analyzing this data, they estimate
species density and distribution, gaining insights into
overall biodiversity.
These surveys also reveal habitat characteristics,
such as species distribution in different zones within
an intertidal bench. Overall, swath surveys provide
valuable information for understanding coastal
ecosystems
WHAT IS PA ST 4
Pa st also known as paleontological statistics
software is free software for scientific data analysis,
with functions for data manipulation, plotting,
univariate and multivariate statistics, ecological
analysis, time series and spatial analysis,
morphometrics and stratigraphy.
Steps in using PA ST.
1.Launch PAST Software
2.Import Your Data
3.Perform Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA)
