RD Sharma Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 5

Trigonometric Functions

Prove the following identities:

1. sec4 x – sec2 x = tan4 x + tan2 x
Solution:

e
Let us consider LHS: sec4 x – sec2 x

ut
(sec2 x)2 – sec2 x
By using the formula, sec2 θ = 1 + tan2 θ.
(1 + tan2 x) 2 – (1 + tan2 x)

tit
1 + 2tan2 x + tan4 x – 1 – tan2 x
tan4 x + tan2 x
= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS

s
Hence proved.
In
2. sin6 x + cos6 x = 1 – 3 sin2 x cos2 x
Solution:
Let us consider LHS: sin6 x + cos6 x
sh

(sin2 x) 3 + (cos2 x) 3
By using the formula, a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 + b2 – ab)
(sin2 x + cos2 x) [(sin2 x) 2 + (cos2 x) 2 – sin2 x cos2 x]
ka

By using the formula, sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 and a2 + b2 = (a + b) 2 – 2ab

1 × [(sin2 x + cos2 x) 2 – 2sin2 x cos2 x – sin2 x cos2 x
12 – 3sin2 x cos2 x
1 – 3sin2 x cos2 x
Aa

= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
3. (cosec x – sin x) (sec x – cos x) (tan x + cot x) = 1
Solution:
Let us consider LHS: (cosec x – sin x) (sec x – cos x) (tan x + cot x)
By using the formulas
cosec θ = 1/sin θ;
sec θ = 1/cos θ;
tan θ = sin θ / cos θ;
cot θ = cos θ / sin θ
Now,

e
ut
s tit
In
1 = RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
sh

4. cosec x (sec x – 1) – cot x (1 – cos x) = tan x – sin x

Solution:
Let us consider LHS: cosec x (sec x – 1) – cot x (1 – cos x)
By using the formulas
ka

cosec θ = 1/sin θ;
sec θ = 1/cos θ;
tan θ = sin θ / cos θ;
Aa

cot θ = cos θ / sin θ

Now,
 e
ut
By using the formula, 1 – cos2x = sin2x;

s tit
In
= RHS
sh

∴ LHS = RHS
Hence Proved.
5.
ka

Solution:
Aa

Let us consider the LHS:

By using the formula,

cosec θ = 1/sin θ;
sec θ = 1/cos θ;
 Now,
Aa
ka
sh
In
stit
ut
e
 e
ut
tit
s
In
sin x
= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
sh

Hence Proved.
6.
ka

Solution:
Let us consider the LHS:
Aa

By using the formula,

tan θ = sin θ / cos θ;
cot θ = cos θ / sin θ
Now,
 e
ut
tit
By using the formula, a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + b2 + ab)

s
In
sh
ka

By using the formula,

Aa

cosec θ = 1/sin θ,
sec θ = 1/cos θ;
cosec x × sec x + 1
sec x cosec x + 1
=RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence Proved.
7.

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:

e
ut
By using the formula a3 ± b3 = (a ± b) (a2 + b2∓ ab)

s tit
We know, sin2x + cos2x = 1.
In
1 – sinx cosx + 1 + sinx cosx
2
= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
sh

Hence Proved.
8. (sec x sec y + tan x tan y)2 – (sec x tan y + tan x sec y)2 = 1
Solution:
ka

Let us consider LHS:

(sec x sec y + tan x tan y)2 – (sec x tan y + tan x sec y)2
Expanding the above equation we get,
Aa

[(sec x sec y)2 + (tan x tan y)2 + 2 (sec x sec y) (tan x tan y)] – [(sec x tan y)2 + (tan x sec y)2 + 2 (sec
x tan y) (tan x sec y)] [sec2 x sec2 y + tan2 x tan2 y + 2 (sec x sec y) (tan x tan y)] – [sec2 x tan2 y +
tan2 x sec2 y + 2 (sec2 x tan2 y) (tan x sec y)]
sec2 x sec2 y – sec2 x tan2 y + tan2 x tan2 y – tan2 x sec2 y
sec2 x (sec2 y – tan2 y) + tan2 x (tan2 y – sec2 y)
sec2 x (sec2 y – tan2 y) – tan2 x (sec2 y – tan2 y)
We know, sec2 x – tan2 x = 1.
sec2 x × 1 – tan2 x × 1
sec2 x – tan2 x
1 = RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
9.

e
Solution:
Let us Consider RHS:

ut
tit
s
In
sh
ka
Aa
Aa
ka
sh
In
stit
ut
e
 e
ut
tit
= LHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence Proved.

s
In
10.
sh

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
ka

By using the formulas,

1 + tan2x = sec2x and 1 + cot2x = cosec2x
Aa
 e
ut
tit
s
In
sh

= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
ka

Hence Proved.
11.
Aa

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:

By using the formula,

tan θ = sin θ / cos θ;
cot θ = cos θ / sin θ
Now,

e
ut
By using the formula, a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 + b2– ab)

s tit
In
We know, sin2 x + cos2 x = 1.
1 – 1 + sin x cos x
sh

Sin x cos x
= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
ka

12.
Aa

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:

By using the formula,

cosec θ = 1/sin θ,
sec θ = 1/cos θ;

e
ut
s tit
In
sh
ka

= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
13. (1 + tan α tan β) 2 + (tan α – tan β) 2 = sec2 α sec2 β
Aa

Solution:
Let us consider LHS: (1 + tan α tan β) 2 + (tan α – tan β) 2
1+ tan2 α tan2 β + 2 tan α tan β + tan2 α + tan2 β – 2 tan α tan β
1 + tan2 α tan2 β + tan2 α + tan2 β
tan2 α (tan2 β + 1) + 1 (1 + tan2 β)
(1 + tan2 β) (1 + tan2 α)
We know, 1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ
So,
sec2 α sec2 β
= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
EXERCISE 5.2 PAGE NO: 5.25
1. Find the values of the other five trigonometric functions in each of the following:

e
(i) cot x = 12/5, x in quadrant III

ut
(ii) cos x = -1/2, x in quadrant II
(iii) tan x = 3/4, x in quadrant III
(iv) sin x = 3/5, x in quadrant I

tit
Solution:
(i) cot x = 12/5, x in quadrant III
In third quadrant, tan x and cot x are positive. sin x, cos x, sec x, cosec x are negative.
By using the formulas,

s
tan x = 1/cot x
In
= 1/(12/5)
= 5/12
cosec x = –√(1 + cot2 x)
sh

= –√(1 + (12/5)2)
= –√(25+144)/25
= –√(169/25)
ka

= -13/5
sin x = 1/cosec x
= 1/(-13/5)
= -5/13
Aa

cos x = – √(1 – sin2 x)

= – √(1 – (-5/13)2)
= – √(169-25)/169
= – √(144/169)
= -12/13
sec x = 1/cos x
= 1/(-12/13)
= -13/12
∴ sin x = -5/13, cos x = -12/13, tan x = 5/12, cosec x = -13/5, sec x = -13/12
(ii) cos x = -1/2, x in quadrant II
In second quadrant, sin x and cosec x are positive. tan x, cot x, cos x, sec x are negative.
By using the formulas,
sin x = √(1 – cos2 x)
= √(1 – (-1/2)2)

e
= √(4-1)/4

ut
= √(3/4)
= √3/2
tan x = sin x/cos x

tit
= (√3/2)/(-1/2)
= -√3
cot x = 1/tan x
= 1/-√3

s
= -1/√3
In
cosec x = 1/sin x
= 1/(√3/2)
= 2/√3
sh

sec x = 1/cos x
= 1/(-1/2)
= -2
ka

∴ sin x = √3/2, tan x = -√3, cosec x = 2/√3, cot x = -1/√3 sec x = -2

(iii) tan x = 3/4, x in quadrant III
In third quadrant, tan x and cot x are positive. sin x, cos x, sec x, cosec x are negative.
By using the formulas,
Aa

sin x = √(1 – cos2 x)

= – √(1-(-4/5)2)
= – √(25-16)/25
= – √(9/25)
= – 3/5
cos x = 1/sec x
= 1/(-5/4)
= -4/5
cot x = 1/tan x
= 1/(3/4)
= 4/3
cosec x = 1/sin x
= 1/(-3/5)
= -5/3

e
sec x = -√(1 + tan2 x)

ut
= – √(1+(3/4)2)
= – √(16+9)/16
= – √ (25/16)

tit
= -5/4
∴ sin x = -3/5, cos x = -4/5, cosec x = -5/3, sec x = -5/4, cot x = 4/3
(iv) sin x = 3/5, x in quadrant I

s
In first quadrant, all trigonometric ratios are positive.
So, by using the formulas,
In
tan x = sin x/cos x
= (3/5)/(4/5)
= 3/4
sh

cosec x = 1/sin x
= 1/(3/5)
= 5/3
ka

cos x = √(1-sin2 x)
= √(1 – (-3/5)2)
= √(25-9)/25
= √(16/25)
Aa

= 4/5
sec x = 1/cos x
= 1/(4/5)
= 5/4
cot x = 1/tan x
= 1/(3/4)
= 4/3
∴ cos x = 4/5, tan x = 3/4, cosec x = 5/3, sec x = 5/4, cot x = 4/3
2. If sin x = 12/13 and lies in the second quadrant, find the value of sec x + tan x.
Solution:
Given:
Sin x = 12/13 and x lies in the second quadrant.
We know, in second quadrant, sin x and cosec x are positive and all other ratios are negative.
By using the formulas,

e
Cos x = √(1-sin2 x)

ut
= – √(1-(12/13)2)
= – √(1- (144/169))
= – √(169-144)/169

tit
= -√(25/169)
= – 5/13
We know,
tan x = sin x/cos x

s
sec x = 1/cos x
In
Now,
tan x = (12/13)/(-5/13)
= -12/5
sh

sec x = 1/(-5/13)
= -13/5
Sec x + tan x = -13/5 + (-12/5)
ka

= (-13-12)/5
= -25/5
= -5
∴ Sec x + tan x = -5
Aa

3. If sin x = 3/5, tan y = 1/2 and π/2 < x< π< y< 3π/2 find the value of 8 tan x -√5 sec y.
Solution:
Given:
sin x = 3/5, tan y = 1/2 and π/2 < x< π< y< 3π/2
We know that, x is in second quadrant and y is in third quadrant.
In second quadrant, cos x and tan x are negative.
In third quadrant, sec y is negative.
By using the formula,
cos x = – √(1-sin2 x)
tan x = sin x/cos x
Now,
cos x = – √(1-sin2 x)
= – √(1 – (3/5)2)
= – √(1 – 9/25)

e
= – √((25-9)/25)

ut
= – √(16/25)
= – 4/5
tan x = sin x/cos x

tit
= (3/5)/(-4/5)
= 3/5 × -5/4
= -3/4
We know that sec y = – √(1+tan2 y)

s
= – √(1 + (1/2)2)
In
= – √(1 + 1/4)
= – √((4+1)/4)
= – √(5/4)
sh

= – √5/2
Now, 8 tan x – √5 sec y = 8(-3/4) – √5(-√5/2)
= -6 + 5/2
ka

= (-12+5)/2
= -7/2
∴ 8 tan x – √5 sec y = -7/2
4. If sin x + cos x = 0 and x lies in the fourth quadrant, find sin x and cos x.
Aa

Solution:
Given:
Sin x + cos x = 0 and x lies in fourth quadrant.
Sin x = -cos x
Sin x/cos x = -1
So, tan x = -1 (since, tan x = sin x/cos x)
We know that, in fourth quadrant, cos x and sec x are positive and all other ratios are negative.
By using the formulas,
Sec x = √(1 + tan2 x)
Cos x = 1/sec x
Sin x = – √(1- cos2 x)
Now,
Sec x = √(1 + tan2 x)
= √(1 + (-1)2)

e
= √2

ut
Cos x = 1/sec x
= 1/√2
Sin x = – √(1 – cos2 x)

tit
= – √(1 – (1/√2)2)
= – √(1 – (1/2))
= – √((2-1)/2)
= – √(1/2)

s
= -1/√2
In
∴ sin x = -1/√2 and cos x = 1/√2
5. If cos x = -3/5 and π<x<3π/2 find the values of other five trigonometric functions and hence
sh

evaluate
Solution:
Given:
cos x= -3/5 and π <x < 3π/2
ka

We know that in the third quadrant, tan x and cot x are positive and all other rations are negative.
By using the formulas,
Sin x = – √(1-cos2 x)
Aa

Tan x = sin x/cos x

Cot x = 1/tan x
Sec x = 1/cos x
Cosec x = 1/sin x
Now,
Sin x = – √(1-cos2 x)
= – √(1-(-3/5)2)
= – √(1-9/25)
= – √((25-9)/25)
= – √(16/25)
= – 4/5
Tan x = sin x/cos x
= (-4/5)/(-3/5)
= -4/5 × -5/3

e
= 4/3

ut
Cot x = 1/tan x
= 1/(4/3)
= 3/4

tit
Sec x = 1/cos x
= 1/(-3/5)
= -5/3
Cosec x = 1/sin x

s
= 1/(-4/5)
In
= -5/4

∴
sh

= [(-5/4) + (3/4)] / [(-5/3) – (4/3)]

= [(-5+3)/4] / [(-5-4)/3]
= [-2/4] / [-9/3]
= [-1/2] / [-3]
ka

= 1/6
Aa

EXERCISE 5.3 PAGE NO: 5.39

1. Find the values of the following trigonometric ratios:
(i) sin 5π/3
(ii) sin 17π
(iii) tan 11π/6
(iv) cos (-25π/4)
(v) tan 7π/4
(vi) sin 17π/6
(vii) cos 19π/6
(viii) sin (-11π/6)
(ix) cosec (-20π/3)
(x) tan (-13π/4)
(xi) cos 19π/4
(xii) sin 41π/4

e
(xiii) cos 39π/4

ut
(xiv) sin 151π/6
Solution:
(i) sin 5π/3

tit
5π/3 = (5π/3 × 180)o
= 300o
= (90×3 + 30)o

s
Since, 300o lies in IV quadrant in which sine function is negative.
sin 5π/3 = sin (300)o
In
= sin (90×3 + 30)o
= – cos 30o
= – √3/2
sh

(ii) sin 17π

Sin 17π = sin 3060o
= sin (90×34 + 0)o
ka

Since, 3060o lies in the negative direction of x-axis i.e., on boundary line of II and III quadrants.
Sin 17π = sin (90×34 + 0)o
= – sin 0o
=0
Aa

(iii) tan 11π/6

tan 11π/6 = (11/6 × 180)o
= 330o
Since, 330o lies in the IV quadrant in which tangent function is negative.
tan 11π/6 = tan (300)o
= tan (90×3 + 60)o
= – cot 60o
= – 1/√3
(iv) cos (-25π/4)
cos (-25π/4) = cos (-1125)o
= cos (1125)o
Since, 1125o lies in the I quadrant in which cosine function is positive.
cos (1125)o = cos (90×12 + 45)o
= cos 45o

e
= 1/√2

ut
(v) tan 7π/4
tan 7π/4 = tan 315o
= tan (90×3 + 45)o

tit
Since, 315o lies in the IV quadrant in which tangent function is negative.
tan 315o = tan (90×3 + 45)o
= – cot 45o
= -1

s
(vi) sin 17π/6
In
sin 17π/6 = sin 510o
= sin (90×5 + 60)o
Since, 510o lies in the II quadrant in which sine function is positive.
sh

sin 510o = sin (90×5 + 60)o

= cos 60o
= 1/2
ka

(vii) cos 19π/6

cos 19π/6 = cos 570o
= cos (90×6 + 30)o
Since, 570o lies in III quadrant in which cosine function is negative.
Aa

cos 570o = cos (90×6 + 30)o

= – cos 30o
= – √3/2
(viii) sin (-11π/6)
sin (-11π/6) = sin (-330o)
= – sin (90×3 + 60)o
Since, 330o lies in the IV quadrant in which the sine function is negative.
sin (-330o) = – sin (90×3 + 60)o
= – (-cos 60o)
= – (-1/2)
= 1/2
(ix) cosec (-20π/3)
cosec (-20π/3) = cosec (-1200)o
= – cosec (1200)o

e
= – cosec (90×13 + 30)o

ut
Since, 1200o lies in the II quadrant in which cosec function is positive.
cosec (-1200)o = – cosec (90×13 + 30)o
= – sec 30o

tit
= -2/√3
(x) tan (-13π/4)
tan (-13π/4) = tan (-585)o
= – tan (90×6 + 45)o

s
In
Since, 585o lies in the III quadrant in which the tangent function is positive.
tan (-585)o = – tan (90×6 + 45)o
= – tan 45o
= -1
sh

(xi) cos 19π/4

cos 19π/4 = cos 855o
= cos (90×9 + 45)o
ka

Since, 855o lies in the II quadrant in which the cosine function is negative.
cos 855o = cos (90×9 + 45)o
= – sin 45o
= – 1/√2
Aa

(xii) sin 41π/4

sin 41π/4 = sin 1845o
= sin (90×20 + 45)o
Since, 1845o lies in the I quadrant in which the sine function is positive.
sin 1845o = sin (90×20 + 45)o
= sin 45o
= 1/√2
(xiii) cos 39π/4
cos 39π/4 = cos 1755o
= cos (90×19 + 45)o
Since, 1755o lies in the IV quadrant in which the cosine function is positive.
cos 1755o = cos (90×19 + 45)o
= sin 45o
= 1/√2

e
(xiv) sin 151π/6

ut
sin 151π/6 = sin 4530o
= sin (90×50 + 30)o
Since, 4530o lies in the III quadrant in which the sine function is negative.

tit
sin 4530o = sin (90×50 + 30)o
= – sin 30o
= -1/2
2. prove that:

s
(i) tan 225o cot 405o + tan 765o cot 675o = 0
In
(ii) sin 8π/3 cos 23π/6 + cos 13π/3 sin 35π/6 = 1/2
(iii) cos 24o + cos 55o + cos 125o + cos 204o + cos 300o = 1/2
(iv) tan (-125o) cot (-405o) – tan (-765o) cot (675o) = 0
sh

(v) cos 570o sin 510o + sin (-330o) cos (-390o) = 0

(vi) tan 11π/3 – 2 sin 4π/6 – 3/4 cosec2 π/4 + 4 cos2 17π/6 = (3 – 4√3)/2
(vii) 3 sin π/6 sec π/3 – 4 sin 5π/6 cot π/4 = 1
Solution:
ka

(i) tan 225o cot 405o + tan 765o cot 675o = 0

Let us consider LHS:
tan 225° cot 405° + tan 765° cot 675°
Aa

tan (90° × 2 + 45°) cot (90° × 4 + 45°) + tan (90° × 8 + 45°) cot (90° × 7 + 45°)
We know that when n is odd, cot → tan.
tan 45° cot 45° + tan 45° [-tan 45°]
tan 45° cot 45° – tan 45° tan 45°
1×1–1×1
1–1
0 = RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
(ii) sin 8π/3 cos 23π/6 + cos 13π/3 sin 35π/6 = 1/2
Let us consider LHS:
sin 8π/3 cos 23π/6 + cos 13π/3 sin 35π/6
sin 480° cos 690° + cos 780° sin 1050°
sin (90° × 5 + 30°) cos (90° × 7 + 60°) + cos (90° × 8 + 60°) sin (90° × 11 + 60°)

e
We know that when n is odd, sin → cos and cos → sin.

ut
cos 30° sin 60° + cos 60° [-cos 60°]
√3/2 × √3/2 – 1/2 × 1/2
3/4 – 1/4

tit
2/4
1/2
= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS

s
Hence proved.
In
(iii) cos 24o + cos 55o + cos 125o + cos 204o + cos 300o = 1/2
Let us consider LHS:
cos 24o + cos 55o + cos 125o + cos 204o + cos 300o
sh

cos 24° + cos (90° × 1 – 35°) + cos (90° × 1 + 35°) + cos (90° × 2 + 24°) + cos (90° × 3 + 30°)
We know that when n is odd, cos → sin.
cos 24° + sin 35° – sin 35° – cos 24° + sin 30°
ka

0 + 0 + 1/2
1/2
= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Aa

Hence proved.
(iv) tan (-125o) cot (-405o) – tan (-765o) cot (675o) = 0
Let us consider LHS:
tan (-125o) cot (-405o) – tan (-765o) cot (675o)
We know that tan (-x) = -tan (x) and cot (-x) = -cot (x).
[-tan (225°)] [-cot (405°)] – [-tan (765°)] cot (675°)
tan (225°) cot (405°) + tan (765°) cot (675°)
tan (90° × 2 + 45°) cot (90° × 4 + 45°) + tan (90° × 8 + 45°) cot (90° × 7 + 45°)
tan 45° cot 45° + tan 45° [-tan 45°]
1 × 1 + 1 × (-1)
1–1
0
= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS

e
Hence proved.

ut
(v) cos 570o sin 510o + sin (-330o) cos (-390o) = 0
Let us consider LHS:
cos 570o sin 510o + sin (-330o) cos (-390o)

tit
We know that sin (-x) = -sin (x) and cos (-x) = +cos (x).
cos 570o sin 510o + [-sin (330o)] cos (390o)
cos 570o sin 510o – sin (330o) cos (390o)

s
cos (90° × 6 + 30°) sin (90° × 5 + 60°) – sin (90° × 3 + 60°) cos (90° × 4 + 30°)
In
We know that cos is negative at 90° + θ i.e. in Q2 and when n is odd, sin → cos and cos → sin.
-cos 30° cos 60° – [-cos 60°] cos 30°
-cos 30° cos 60° + cos 60° cos 30°
0
sh

= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
ka

(vi) tan 11π/3 – 2 sin 4π/6 – 3/4 cosec2 π/4 + 4 cos2 17π/6 = (3 – 4√3)/2
Let us consider LHS:
tan 11π/3 – 2 sin 4π/6 – 3/4 cosec2 π/4 + 4 cos2 17π/6
tan (11 × 180o)/3 – 2 sin (4 × 180o)/6 – 3/4 cosec2 180o/4 + 4 cos2 (17 × 180o)/6
Aa

tan 660o – 2 sin 120o – 3/4 (cosec 45o)2 + 4 (cos 510o)2

tan (90° × 7 + 30°) – 2 sin (90° × 1 + 30°) – 3/4 [cosec 45°]2 + 4 [cos (90° × 5 + 60°)]2
We know that tan and cos is negative at 90° + θ i.e. in Q2 and when n is odd, tan → cot, sin → cos
and cos → sin.
[-cot 30°] – 2 cos 30° – 3/4 [cosec 45°]2 + [-sin 60°]2
– cot 30° – 2 cos 30° – 3/4 [cosec 45°]2 + [sin 60°]2
-√3 – 2√3/2 – 3/4 (√2)2 + 4 (√3/2)2
-√3 – √3 – 6/4 + 12/4
(3 – 4√3)/2
= RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
(vii) 3 sin π/6 sec π/3 – 4 sin 5π/6 cot π/4 = 1
Let us consider LHS:
3 sin π/6 sec π/3 – 4 sin 5π/6 cot π/4

e
3 sin 180o/6 sec 180o/3 – 4 sin 5(180o)/6 cot 180o/4

ut
3 sin 30° sec 60° – 4 sin 150° cot 45°
3 sin 30° sec 60° – 4 sin (90° × 1 + 60°) cot 45°
We know that when n is odd, sin → cos.

tit
3 sin 30° sec 60° – 4 cos 60° cot 45°
3 (1/2) (2) – 4 (1/2) (1)
3–2
1

s
= RHS
In
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
3. Prove that:
sh

(i)
ka

(ii)

(iii)
Aa

(iv)

(v)
Solution:
(i)

e
ut
stit
1 = RHS
In
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
(ii)
sh
ka
Aa

1+1
2 = RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
(iii)

e
ut
stit
In
sh
ka
Aa

1 = RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
(iv)
{1 + cot x – (-cosec x)} {1 + cot x + (-cosec x)}
{1 + cot x + cosec x} {1 + cot x – cosec x}

e
{(1 + cot x) + (cosec x)} {(1 + cot x) – (cosec x)}
By using the formula, (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2

ut
(1 + cot x)2 – (cosec x)2
1 + cot2 x + 2 cot x – cosec2 x
We know that 1 + cot2 x = cosec2 x

tit
cosec2 x + 2 cot x – cosec2 x
2 cot x = RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
s
In
(v)
sh
ka
Aa
 e
ut
s tit
In
1 = RHS
sh

∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
4. Prove that: sin2 π/18 + sin2 π/9 + sin2 7π/18 + sin2 4π/9 = 2
ka

Solution:
Let us consider LHS:
sin2 π/18 + sin2 π/9 + sin2 7π/18 + sin2 4π/9
sin2 π/18 + sin2 2π/18 + sin2 7π/18 + sin2 8π/18
Aa

sin2 π/18 + sin2 2π/18 + sin2 (π/2 – 2π/18) + sin2 (π/2 – π/18)
We know that when n is odd, sin → cos.
sin2 π/18 + sin2 2π/18 + cos2 2π/18 + cos2 2π/18
when rearranged,
sin2 π/18 + cos2 2π/18 + sin2 π/18 + cos2 2π/18
We know that sin2 + cos2x = 1.
So,
1+1
2 = RHS
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.

e
ut
stit
In
sh
ka
Aa