Maxwell’s bridge method

Sr. Given Inductance Capacitance Resistance Resistance L = PRC

No. ‘L’ ‘C’ ‘Rm’ R2’
Unit Henry F K K mH
1 600 0.6 1000 1000 600
2 520 0.5 1000 1000 500
3 550 0.6 1000 1000 600

Modelcalculation
P = 1000
R = 1000
C = 0.655 x 10-6F
L = PRC
= 1000 1000 0.6 10-6
= 0.6
= 600 mH
Aim
SCHERING BRIDGE
tabulation
Sr. R3 (1) C2 R4 (2) Cx Set Value
No. Obs Value
Unit K F  F F
1 100 0.05 800 0.4 0.4
2 10 0.05 80 0.4 0.4
3 100 0.05 600 0.3 0.3
4 10 0.05 60 0.3 0.3

Model calculation
R4= 40 20= 800 
R3=
100C2=
0.05F

C1= C2 R4
R3
cx= c2(R4/R3)
= 0.4 F

Result
The value of unknown capacitance is found out using Schering’s bridge
Aim
 WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
Tabulation
Sr.No. Value marked R2 Rm Unknown
resistance Rx
Unit    
1 1000 1000 1000 1000
2 2000 1000 1000 2200
3 3100 1000 1000 3300
4 3400 1000 1000 3700

Model calculation
R = (P/Q) S
P = 1000 

Q = 1000
(i) S = 1000
1000
S= x 1000 = 1000 
1000
(ii) S = 2000
1000
R= x 2000 = 2000 
1000
(iii) S = 3000
1000
R= x 3000 = 3000 
1000
Aim
 KELVIN’S DOUBLE BRIDGE

Tabulation
Sr. P Q S Measure Set value Rx
No. d value
R=PS/Q
Unit  K K Ohms Ohms
1 1 1 10 10 10
2 1 1 10 90 100

Model Calculation

PXS 1000X10
R Q  10ohms
1000
 CALIBRATION OF ENERGY METER ; 1-PHASE

Direct Load
Sr.No. Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter Revolution Time Taken
Reading Reading M.F 4 N Sec / T
V I
1 220 2 100 2 29
2 220 3.8 200 2 14
3 220 5.7 400 2 9
4 220 7.5 500 2 7

True Energy Energy Recorded by the EM Percentage Error

ET EM
3.22 3.33 3.416
3.11 3.33 7.07
3.0 3.33 11
3.11 3.33 7.07

Calculation
Power measured by wattmeter is P = Wattmeter read x multiplicationfator
True Energy, ET= Pxt............wh
Energy recorded by the energy mete is
EM = energy meter constantxN..............Wh
Percentage Error = (EM– ET) x 100%
 TRANSFER FUNCTION OF FIELD CONTROLLED DC MOTOR

Load Test:
Sl. V If N Spring balance readings Torque
No. (Volts) Iakept (rpm) S1 S2 S1~ S2(Kg) T=9.81 R X S1~ S2N-m
emf) (Kg) (Kg)
1 200 0.4 1498 0 0 0 0
2 200 0.5 1438 1 0 1 1.147
3 200 0.54 1390 3 1 2 2.295
4 200 0.6 1360 6 1.5 4.5 5.164
5 200 0.65 1354 8 2 6 6.886

Retardation Test:
Withoutloadresistance With load resistance

N (rpm) Time (s) I (A) V (volts) N (rpm) t (sec)

1600-1500 1.42 2.8 175 1600-1500 0.79
1500-1400 1.45 2.7 170 1500-1400 0.89
1400-1300 1.74 2.65 160 1400-1300 0.82

To find Rf:

Sl.No. V (volts) I (A) Rf = V/If ()

1 11 0.32 343.75
2 130 0.4 325
3 170 0.5 340
4 200 0.6 333.33
Average 333.52

To fine Lf:
Sl. No. V (volts) If(mA) Zf (Vf/If() Xf Lf
1 60 13 4.615103 4602.70 14.65
2 100 20 5.0103 4988.13 15.87
3 140 27 5.185103 5174.13 16.46
4 180 33 5.45103 5436.66 17.31
5 220 39 5.64103 5630.01 17.92
Average 5167.04 16.44

Result
Hence the transfer functions of the field controlled DC motor was found to be
( )
 
E f ( )
 TRANSFER FUNCTION OF ARMATURE CONTROLLED DC MOTOR

Tabulations
Load Test
Sl. V I Spring balance readings Speed T
No. (volts) (A) S1 S2 S1~ S2 (rpm) (N-m)
(Kg) (Kg) (Kg)
1 220 1 2 2 0 1490 0
2 220 1.5 1.5 3.5 2 1475 0.229
3 220 2 1.6 4.6 3 1440 2.410
4 220 2.5 2 6 4 1430 4.017
5 220 3 2 7.4 5.4 1425 5.968
6 220 3.5 2 8.4 6.4 1420 6.088
7 220 4 2 9 7 1415 7.142
8 220 4.5 2 10 8 1410 8.248

No Load Test
Sl. No. Speed (rpm) V (volts) Ia(A) Eb(V)
1 1500 215 0.26 206.04
2 1400 208 0.242 198.068
3 1250 180 0.184 178.096
4 1100 164 0.162 162.152

To findRa:
Va(V) Ia(A) Ra= Va/ Ia()
8 3.1 2.58
10 3.5 2.857
12 4.0 3.0
13 4.5 2.88
Average 2.831

To findLa:
 Va(V) Ia(A) Za = Va / Ia () Xa() La(H)
40 1 40 39.89 0.126
88 2 44 43.90 0.139
134 3 44.64 44.57 0.141
112 2.5 44.8 44.71 0.1423
Average 0.137H
Retardation Test:
(Withoutload R) With load R
N (rpm) Time (s) N (rpm) V (volts) I (A) Time, T(s)
1600-1500 1.3 1600-1500 200 2.5 0.7
1500-1400 1.8 1500-1400 180 2.4 1.8
1400-1300 2.2 1400-1300 165 2.3 2.2

Result
Hence the transfer function of the given armature controlled DC motor was found to be
(s) 38.61

Ra (s)
{(1S0.0412)(1S5.783)5.67}