LAB MANUAL (DSC101)

Data Visualization Techniques

Submitted By:
Aryan Shangloo (2023268220)

Programme: MBA
Specialization: Business Analytics
SEMESTER: 3rd
Academic Year: 2023-2025

Submitted To:
Mr. Shashank Bhardwaj
Asst. Professor

SHARDA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES

SHARDA UNIVERSITY, GREATER NOIDA

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Section Description Page

1 Getting Started with Tableau 1
2 Shelves and Marks Card 3
3 Charts 5
4 Calculated Fields 13
5 Dashboards 15
6 Hierarchy & Groups 18
7 Assignment 1 : Movies & their IMDB ratings 20
8 Assignment 2 : CO2 Emissions around the World 27
9 Assignment 3 : Crime rate Statistics in India 31
10 Assignment 4 : Global SuperStore 36
11 Project : Data Science Salaries 42

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 1. GETTING STARTED WITH TABLEAU

1.1 Importing Data into Tableau

Steps to import data in Tableau:
1. Launch Tableau Public > Connect to a File
2. Supported file formats: Excel, Text files (.csv),
JSON, PDF, Spatial files
3. Drag and drop file OR browse to select file location

1.2 Establish connection with sheets

Steps to establish connection with two or more sheets imported in Tableau:

1. After data import > Data Source tab (bottom left)
2. Sheet selection:

• Single sheet: Double-click desired sheet name

• Multiple sheets: Drag sheets > canvas > choose relationship type (Left, Right, Inner Join)

2. Preview data > Go to Sheet 1 (bottom left tab)

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1.3 Importing Data into Tableau
Tableau automatically assigns data types, indicated by icons:

To modify data type:

Data field > right-click > Change Data Type > select desired
type

1.3 Dimensions and Measures

Located in the left sidebar:
• Dimensions (blue): Categorical or qualitative data
• Text fields
• Dates
• Geographic fields
• Boolean values
• Measures (green): Numerical or quantitative data
• Numbers that can be aggregated
• Calculated fields

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 2. SHELVES AND MARKS CARD

2.1 What is ‘shelve’?

Located at top of worksheet area, a horizontal bar containing the primary control panel for building
visualizations

Columns
A horizontal shelf at the top that determines the vertical layout of your visualization and typically creates
the x-axis.

• Fields dropped here create vertical divisions

• Formula: Field > Columns
• Creates x-axis in charts
• Multiple fields: Left field = outer level, Right field = inner level

Rows
A vertical shelf on the left that determines the horizontal layout of your visualization and typically creates
the y-axis.

• Fields dropped here create horizontal divisions

• Formula: Field > Rows
• Creates y-axis in charts
• Multiple fields: Top field = outer level, Bottom field = inner level

Filters
Located in the top-right, filters refine the data shown in your
visualization by including or excluding specific values.

• Add filter: Field > Filters

• Configure filter: Right-click filter > Edit filter
• Show filter: Right-click filter > Show filter

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2.2 Marks Card

Marks card is the central control panel for visual properties of your data points, located underneath the
filters panel.

Color - Enhances visual analysis through color coding:

• Field > Color
• Controls: Fill color, Border color
• Edit colors: Click color button > Edit Colors
• Custom color: More Colors > Pick custom

Size - Represents data magnitude through mark dimensions:

• Field > Size
• Adjusts: Mark size, Line width, Shape size
• Size range: Click size button > Edit Sizes

Text/Label - Displays actual values directly on the visualization:

• Field > Label
• Shows values on marks
• Format: Right-click > Format Label
• Multiple fields: Stack in Label shelf

Detail - Adds data granularity without changing visual appearance:

• Field > Detail
• Adds granularity without visual change
• Creates separate marks without changing appearance
• Formula: Field > Detail

Tooltip - Provides interactive data exploration on hover:

• Field > Tooltip
• Shows when hovering over marks
• Edit: Click tooltip button
• Customize: Add text, fields, formatting

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 3. CHARTS

Charts are visual representations that combine text, symbols,

and graphics to show relationships between multiple data
sets, offering a more digestible format than raw data or text1.
They serve as powerful tools for data visualization and
analysis.

3.1 Where to access charts?

In the top right of your worksheet is the Show Me button,

easily identified by the multi-colored bar chart icon.
Clicking on this will show all of the visualizations available
in Tableau. The available chart will behighlighted based on
the selected fields.

3.2 Types of charts

Tableau offers a wide range of charts to choose from, onefor

each of your needs and preferences. All of these are
customizable and changed using marks card and other
features. The following are some of the charts available:

• Text Table
• Heat Map
• Highlighted Table
• Symbol Map
• Filled Map
• Pie Chart
• Horizontal/Vertical Bar Charts
• Stacked Bar Chart
• Tree Map
• Line Charts
• Bar Charts
• Area Charts
• Scatter Plot
• Histogram
• Box and Whisker Plot
• Gantt Chart
• Bullet Graph
• Packed Bubble

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3.3 Bar Chart
3.3.1 Vertical Bar Chart
Required conditions:
• At least one dimension (categorical data)
• At least one measure (numerical data)
• Dimension on Columns
• Measure on Rows

Steps:
1. Data preparation:
• Dimension > Columns
• Measure > Rows
• Ensure measure is aggregated (SUM,
AVG, etc.)
2. Chart creation:
• Marks card > Bar
• Bars will display vertically from bottom
to top
3. Optional enhancements:
• Sort: Click sort button on toolbar OR right-click axis > Sort
• Color: Dimension/Measure > Color
• Labels: Measure > Label
• Tooltip: Fields > Tooltip

3.3.2 Horizontal Bar Chart

Required conditions:
• At least one dimension (categorical data)
• At least one measure (numerical data)
• Dimension on Rows
• Measure on Columns

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Steps:
1. Data preparation: 3. Optional enhancements:
• Dimension > Rows • Sort: Click sort button on
• Measure > Columns toolbar OR right-click axis >
• Ensure measure is aggregated (SUM, Sort
AVG, etc.) • Color: Dimension/Measure >
2. Chart creation: Color
• Marks card > Bar • Labels: Measure > Label
• Bars will display horizontally from • Tooltip: Fields > Tooltip
left to right

3.4 Area Chart

An area chart is a line chart with the area between the line and axis filled with color, useful for showing
cumulative totals over time or comparing multiple series showing part-to-whole relationships.

Required Conditions:
• At least one date/continuous field (typically on Columns)
• At least one measure (typically on Rows)
• Optional dimension for multiple series (Color shelf)

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Steps to Create Basic Area Chart
1. Initial Setup:
• Date field > Columns
• Measure > Rows
• Change mark type to Area
2. Configuration:
• Marks card > Area
• Adjust colors: Color button in Marks card
• Add labels if needed: Label shelf

3.5 Bubble Chart

A bubble chart is a variation of a scatter plot that displays three dimensions of data simultaneously, where
each data point is represented by a circle (bubble) whose position on the x and y axes shows two variables,
while the size of the bubble represents a third variable.

Required Conditions
• At least 1 dimension field
• 1-2 measure fields
• Data that shows relationships between variables

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 Steps to Create Basic Bubble Chart
1. Initial Setup:
• Dimension field > Columns
• First measure > Rows
• Second measure > Size (in Marks card)
2. Select bubble chart from the list of charts in ‘show me’ option

Or select the Bubble chart from ‘Show me’ tab on the top right of the worksheet.

3.6 Funnel Chart

A funnel chart is a visualization that shows the progressive reduction of data as it passes through different
stages of a process, resembling a funnel shape with the highest value at the top and lowest at the bottom. It's
particularly useful for visualizing sales processes, conversion rates, and workflow stages where there's a
natural narrowing of values.

Required Conditions
• Sequential stages (minimum 3 stages)5
• Decreasing values through stages
• One dimension field (stages)
• One measure field (values)

Steps to make funnel chart:

Initial Setup:
• Dimension (stages) > Rows
• Measure (values) > Columns
• Sort measure in descending order
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 Convert to Funnel Shape:
• Change chart type to Bar
• Click on Size in Marks card
• Adjust size to create funnel effect
• Center align the bars

3.7 World Map

A word map, also known as a text map, is a visualization where geographical regions are represented bytheir
names rather than their physical shapes, creating a map-like visualization using text.

Required Conditions
• One dimension field (any categorical data)
• At least one measure field (for size/color)
• Clean, consistent data values

Steps to Create Word Map 2. Configuration:

1. Initial Setup: • Adjust text size using Size in Marks
• Dimension field > Text (in Marks card) card
• Change mark type to Text • Add measure to Color for additional
• Measure > Size insights
• Same dimension > Detail • Change the layout to Tiled if needed
• Sort by measure value if required

3.8 Scatter Chart

A scatter plot is a visualization that displays the relationship between two numerical variables by plotting data
points using Cartesian coordinates, where each point's position represents values for two different variables
(x and y axes).

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Required Conditions
• Minimum two measure fields (numerical)
• Optional dimension field for:
• Color coding points
• Creating multiple plots
• Adding labels

Steps to Create Scatter Plot

1. Basic Setup:
• First measure > Columns (x-axis)
• Second measure > Rows (y-axis)
• Change mark type to Circle
2. Additional Dimensions:
• Dimension > Color (for categories)
• Dimension > Label (for identification)
• Dimension > Detail (for individual mark

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3.9 World Map
A map visualization displays geographical data on an interactive map, allowing users to analyze spatial
patterns, regional comparisons, and geographical distributions of data.

Required Conditions
• Geographic fields (any of these):
• Latitude/Longitude coordinates
• Country/State/City names
• Postal codes
• Custom geographic roles
• At least one measure field for analysis

Steps to Create Basic Map

1. Initial Setup:
• Geographic field > Detail
• Ensure geographic role is assigned:
• Right-click field > Geographic Role > Select appropriate role
• Measure > Color (for filled maps)
• Measure > Size (for symbol maps)
2. Map Configuration:
• Select map type from Marks card
• Choose map layers: Map > Map Layers
• Adjust zoom level
• Select map style

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 4. CALCULATED FIELDS

4.1 What are the Calculated Fields?

Calculated fields are user-defined fields that allow you to create new data from existing data in your data
source. They essentially create a new column that performs calculations or transformations on existing fields
while leaving the original data unchanged.

4.2 When to use Calculated Fields?

Calculated fields are valuable in several scenarios:

• When required data is missing from your dataset
• To transform values in visualizations
• To segment data quickly
• To aggregate data
• To filter results
• To calculate ratios
• To convert data types
• To prove concepts before making permanent changes

4.3 How to use Calculated Fields?

There are several methods to create calculated fields in Tableau:

Method 1: Through Analysis Menu 1.1.1.1 Method 2: Right-Click Method

1. Select Analysis > Create Calculated Field 1. Right-click in the Data pane
2. Enter a name for the field 2. Select Create > Calculated Field
3. Write your formula
4. Click OK
4.4 Types of Calculations

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 Tableau offers three main types of calculations:
1. Basic Expressions - Transforms values at data source level or visualization level
2. Level of Detail (LOD) Expressions - Provides control over granularity of computation
3. Table Calculations - Performs calculations across table dimensions

To ensure accuracy:
• Verify calculations by comparing raw ingredients
• Check aggregation levels carefully
• Test results against manual calculations
• Review number formatting
• Validate syntax and logic

4.5 Tips for working with calculated fields

When working with calculated fields in Tableau, several helpful features streamline the creation and editing
process. The calculation editor offers a convenient drag-and-drop functionality, allowing you to easily
incorporate fields directly into your formulas without typing field names manually. As you type formulas,the
auto-complete feature suggests relevant functions and field names, significantly reducing syntax errorsand
speeding up the development process. For quick access to Tableau's extensive function library, simplyclick
the triangle icon in the calculation editor to browse and learn about available functions. To improve readability
while working on complex calculations, you can adjust the text size using CTRL+ to zoom in and CTRL- to
zoom out. Additionally, Tableau provides robust formatting options for numbers and dates, enabling you to
customize how your calculated values appear in visualizations and ensure consistency across your workbook.

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 5. DASHBOARDS

5.1 Understanding Tableau Dashboards

A dashboard in Tableau is a collection of several visualizations that display related data on a single screen,
providing a comprehensive view of key metrics, trends, and insights. Dashboards enable interactive data
exploration and efficient decision-making by combining multiple worksheets into one cohesive display.

5.2 Creating a Dashboard

The process of creating a dashboard begins with clicking the "New
Dashboard" icon at the bottom of the workbook. After setting your
preferred dashboard size and layout preferences, you can drag
worksheets from the left pane onto the dashboard canvas. Fine-tune your dashboard by adjusting the size and
position of each visualization, and enhance interactivity by adding filters and actions.
Size and Layout Configuration

Begin by configuring your dashboard's basic settings. Select Size from theDashboard
pane and choose either:
1. Fixed size (specific dimensions)
2. Automatic (adjusts to screen size)
3. Range (minimum and maximum dimensions)
4. Custom (exact pixel specifications)
Adding Content

The process of building your dashboard follows these steps:

1. Drag worksheets from the Sheets panel onto your dashboard canvas
2. Position each element strategically using the Layout container
3. Add dashboard objects like text, images, or web content from the
Objects section
4. Implement filters and parameters for interactivity
Formatting and Organization

1. Organize related items using horizontal or vertical containers

2. Set padding and spacing between elements
3. Adjust individual tile sizes and positions
4. Apply consistent formatting across all elements

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5.2 Key Components and Design
Dashboards utilize various layout elements including containers, text boxes, images, and web pages to
organize content effectively. You can choose between tiled or floating layouts, implement device-specific
designs, and customize backgrounds and colors. Interactive elements like filter cards and legends help users
navigate and interpret the data meaningfully.
Best Practices
When designing dashboards, start with a clear purpose and target audience in mind. The most crucial
information should be positioned in the top-left quadrant, following natural reading patterns. Maintain
consistent formatting across visualizations and use appropriate color schemes that enhance readability.
While it's tempting to include numerous visualizations, limiting their number prevents overcrowding and
improves user experience.

5.4 When to Use Dashboards

Dashboards prove most valuable in these scenarios:

5. Real-time monitoring of KPIs and metrics

6. Comparative analysis of different data aspects
7. Data storytelling and presentation
8. Creating executive summaries
9. Enabling self-service analytics

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 5.5 Story
A Story in Tableau is a sequence of visualizations that work together to convey information and insights.
Unlike dashboards that show everything at once, stories guide viewers through data points, insights, and
analysis in a structured narrative format. Each story point acts as a snapshot of your data, creating a compelling
narrative that helps audiences understand complex information
progressively.

Steps to create Story in Tableau:

Method 1: Using the Bottom Tab 1.1.1.2 Method 2: Using the Menu
1. Locate the tab bar at the bottom of your 1. Click on "Story" in the top menu bar
Tableau workspace
2. Find the "New Story" icon (looks like a 2. Select "New Story" from the dropdown
page with a plus sign) menu
3. Click on this icon to create a new story
3. Your new story canvas will appear

5.5.1 Adding Content Navigation 5.5.2 Story Point Controls

Once your story is created, add content by: 1. Click the dropdown arrow on any story
1. Click "Blank" in the navigator to add a point
new story point 2. Select from options like:
• Update
2. Locate the "Sheets" panel on the left side
• Duplicate
3. Drag desired worksheets or dashboards • Delete
onto the story point • Add Caption
4. Use the "Layout" pane on the left to • Format
adjust positioning

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7. ASSIGNMENT

7.1 About the data

The dataset contains detailed information about 5,043 movies with 36 different attributes. Each
movie entryincludes production details like color format, director name, duration, and budget. The
data tracks social media metrics through Facebook likes for directors, actors, and movies
themselves. Performance indicatorsare captured via IMDB scores, gross revenue, number of critic
reviews, and user votes. Cast information includes names of three main actors and their social
media presence.

Content descriptors encompass genres (up to 7 categories per film), plot keywords, content ratings,
and language. Technical aspects like aspect ratio and movie duration are also recorded. The dataset
covers films from multiple countries, though predominantly English-language productions, and
spans various release years with both critical and commercial performance metrics.

Assignment 7 – IMDB Movies Data

Data Source Table

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Q1 Visualize the top 10 movies by number of votes

Steps:
1. Drag Movie Title to the Rows shelf.
2. Drag Number of Votes to the Columns shelf.
3. Use a Bar Chart from the Show Me menu.
4. Sort in descending order and filter for the top 10 movies.
Q2 Visualize the Genres of the movies

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Steps:
1. Drag Genre to the Rows shelf.
2. Drag Number of Movies (or count of Genre) to the Columns shelf.
3. Use a Bar Chart or Pie Chart to represent the data.

Q3 Visualize the total number of movies released by year

Steps:
1. Drag Year to the Columns shelf.
2. Drag Number of Movies (or count of Movie Titles) to the Rows shelf.
3. Use a Line Chart from the Show Me menu.

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Q4 Visualize the IMDB rating of top 10 genre

Steps:

1. Drag Genre to the Rows shelf.

2. Drag Average IMDB Rating to the Columns shelf.
3. Filter the genres to display the top 10 by rating.
4. Use a Bar Chart or Heat Map to show the results.

Q5 Visualize total gross collection of movies by year

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Steps:
1. Drag Year to the Columns shelf.
2. Drag Total Gross to the Rows shelf.
3. Use a Line Chart or Bar Chart to display the trends.

Q6 Visualize the meta score by top 10 genre

Steps:
1. Drag Genre to the Rows shelf.
2. Drag Average Metascore to the Columns shelf.
3. Filter the genres to display the top 10 by metascore.
4. Use a Bar Chart or Scatter Plot for visualization.

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Q7 Visualize the certificate category by number of movies

Steps:
1. Drag Certificate to the Rows shelf.
2. Drag Number of Movies (or count of Movie Titles) to the Columns shelf.
3. Use a Bar Chart from the Show Me menu.
Q8 Construct a dashboard showing top-rated movies, genres, actors, and ratings trends
using IMDB data.

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Steps:
1. Combine visualizations for:
• Top-rated movies
• Genres
• Actors
• Ratings trends
2. Drag each chart to the dashboard.
3. Add interactive filters for Genre, Year, and Rating.
4. Ensure tooltips and labels are appropriately set for better interactivity.

Assignment 8 : World Bank Co2 Emissions

Data Source: Table

Q1 Show the CO2 emissions (CO2 (kt)) for each country in Maps.

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Steps:
1. Load the World Bank CO2 dataset in Tableau.
2. Drag Country Name to the Detail Marks Card.
3. Drag CO2 (kt) to the Color Marks Card.
4. Change the Marks type to Map.
5. Adjust the color scheme for better visualization (e.g., use a gradient that highlights
high emissions in darker shades).
6. Add a Tooltip to display the country name and CO2 values interactively.

Q2 Visualize CO2(per capita) against country names so that we can easily identify the
Biggest polluter (in per capita terms)

Steps:
1. Drag Country Name to the Rows shelf.
2. Drag CO2 Per Capita (metric tons) to the Columns shelf.
3. Select a Bar Chart from the Show Me menu.
4. Sort the bar chart in descending order to identify the biggest polluter.
5. Add a Label Marks Card to display the exact CO2 per capita values for each country.
Q3 Show the evolution of CO2 emissions over time

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1. Steps:
2. Drag Year to the Columns shelf.
3. Drag CO2 (kt) to the Rows shelf.
4. Use a Line Chart from the Show Me menu.
5. Add a Tooltip Marks Card to display year-by-year CO2 emissions.
Q4 Show me the evolution of CO2 emissions over time in different regions.

Steps:
1. Drag Year to the Columns shelf.
2. Drag CO2 (kt) to the Rows shelf.
3. Drag Region to the Color Marks Card.
4. Use a Line Chart from the Show Me menu.
5. Add a Filter for regions to make it interactive.

Assignment 9: Crime Rate in India

Data Source Table

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Q1 Visualize the population – State map

Steps:
1. Load the Crime Rate in India dataset in Tableau.
2. Drag State to the Detail Marks Card.
3. Drag Population to the Color Marks Card.
4. Change the Marks type to Map.
5. Adjust the color gradient to highlight states by population size.

Q2 Visualize the crime rate – City Map

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Steps:
1. Drag City Name to the Detail Marks Card.
2. Drag Crime Rate to the Color Marks Card.
3. Change the Marks type to Map.
4. Use tooltips to display crime rate details for each city interactively.

Q3 Visualize the crime rate – State Map

Steps:
1. Drag State to the Detail Marks Card.
2. Drag Crime Rate to the Color Marks Card.
3. Change the Marks type to Map.
4. Use a diverging color palette to highlight states with high crime rates.
Q4 Visualize a World Map for states according to Crime rate

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Steps:
1. Combine state data with latitude and longitude coordinates.
2. Drag State to the Detail Marks Card.
3. Drag Crime Rate to the Color Marks Card.
4. Change the Marks type to Map.
5. Add labels and tooltips to show state and crime details.

Q5 Visualize an interactive map (filter enabled) for population and state

Steps:
1. Drag State to the Detail Marks Card.
2. Drag Population to the Color Marks Card.
3. Change the Marks type to Map.
4. Create a Filter for the population range.
5. Use an interactive slider to allow filtering by population size.

Assignment 10 : Global Superstore

Q1 Draw a Word map
Done multiple time now, make a basic word map. Additionally make change in the marks card as
follows:
1. Country → Text marks card
2. Sum Sales → Color, Size marks card
3. Category → Filter pane

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Q2 Create a hierarchy for Country - State and city

Follow the steps as mentioned in the beginning of the manual, about how to make hierarchies in
Tableau:

1. Drag and drop State and City → Country

2. Name the hierarchy as ‘Loction’

3. The hierarchy will be formed as shown in the image.

Hierarchies in Tableau provide a structured way to organize and analyze data at different levels of
granularity. Here we took country, state, and city, in hierarchies which enable intuitive.

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Project 11 : Data Science Salaries

Data Source: Table

Dashboard

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Questions answered by this dashboard.

1. What is the average salary (in USD) for data science roles based on experience levels (Entry
Level, Intermediate, Senior, Expert) across different employment types (Full-Time, Freelance,
Part-Time)?
2. Which countries have the highest average salaries for data science roles, and how are they
distributed geographically?
3. What is the distribution of companies by size (Small, Medium, Large) and their
corresponding locations?
4. What percentage of employees are at different experience levels (Entry Level, Intermediate,
Senior) in the data science industry?
5. Which countries are the top 10 employee residences for data scientists, and how many
employees reside in each?
6. What is the relationship between job titles and average salaries at various experience levels?
7. What is the proportion of employment types (Full-Time, Freelance, Part-Time) in the data
science industry?

Steps to Create the Dashboard:

1. Data Preparation:

• Source: Start by collecting the dataset containing data science salary

information, including columns for country, job title, experience level,
employment type, company size, and average salary.
• Clean the Data: Remove null values, standardize column names, and handle
outliers in salary data to ensure accurate visualization.

2. Connecting to Tableau:

• Import the cleaned dataset into Tableau by connecting to your data source
(Excel, CSV, or database).

3. Creating Individual Sheets:

o Bubble Chart for Average Salaries:

• Use dimensions like "Experience Level" and "Employment Type" and

measure "Average Salary in USD."
• Create a bubble chart to show the salary distribution.

o Pie Charts:

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• Create pie charts for company sizes and employment types to display
their respective distributions.

o Map Visualization:

• Use the "Country" field and "Average Salary" to plot salaries on a

geographic map.

o Bar Chart for Top Residences:

• Use "Country" and count the number of employees to create a

horizontal bar chart for the top 10 employee residences.

o Table for Job Titles and Salaries:

• Create a table listing job titles and corresponding average salaries

categorized by experience level.

4. Designing the Dashboard:

• Open a new dashboard and drag the prepared sheets into the workspace.
• Add dropdown filters for "Company Location" and "Job Title" to allow users
to filter the visualizations dynamically.
• Use consistent colors, formatting, and alignment for a professional look.

5. Interactivity and Insights:

• Enable tooltips for each chart to provide detailed insights when hovering over
elements.
• Set filters to ensure interactivity between different sheets.

6. Final Touches:

• Add titles to each visualization for clarity.

• Ensure labels and legends are properly aligned and informative.
• Save and publish the dashboard for sharing or reporting.

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