LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING

POLICE OPERATIONS
(PART 2)
Police operations proved to be successful with the cooperation of the
community in the area, not only in the Philippine setting but also in most countries
throughout the world.
Police operations

Comprises the mission – critical aspects of a police organization. It refers to activities

conducted in the field by law enforcement officers as they serve and protect, including patrol,
traffic, investigation and general calls for service. Police operations consist of policies,
institutional arrangements, processes and resources for the performance of policemen main
functions.
Communication: The foundation of police operations
Communication skills are critical to every aspect of effective police operations.
Effective communication can produce several positive outcomes and can be used to inform,
persuade, diffuse, guide, motivate, reassure and negotiate.

Communication – is any act by which one person gives to or receives from another person’s
information about that person’s needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge, or effective states.

Patrol operations performed: The most basic Police Operation

It has been said that patrol operations are the “backbone of a police department”, the
“most important component in any police organization, not only because it is the largest, but
because patrol is in direct contact with the public and presents the omnipresence of the police
in the community.

The heart of the police operation is patrol which is often called as “the backbone of
the police organization.” At times he must possess the patience of Job and the wisdom of
Solomon.
Police effectiveness is greatly influenced by citizen involvement regardless of the
patrol strategy used. Citizen reporting time affects the possibility of on – scene arrest more
than does police response time. Response time is often lengthened because citizens delay in
calling the police. They often do so because of decision making problems or problems in
communicating with the police.

The SARA problem – solving technique has contributed greatly to policing effectiveness
and consists of four (4) stages.
 1. Scanning – identifying the problem
2. Analysis – learning the problem’s causes, scope, and effects
3. Response – acting to alleviate the problem
4. Assessment – determining whether the response worked

Law enforcement officers are integral part in the conduct of a successful police operation.
Officers must use effective communication skills, including active listening skills. They
must document their action in well written reports.

PNP PLANS FOR POLICE OPERATIONS

In line with this context, the Philippine National Police as a police organization has
established six (6) Master Plans in the conduct of police operations. These Master plans
for operations serves as a ready reference of all PNP units in the performance of their
mandated tasks. It also serves as a guiding tool of the organization to achieve its vision,
mission and goals.

These Master Plans help all PNP uniformed personnel to fully understand and
effectively implement the various operational plans designed to address major threats to
criminality, safety and security.

SIX (6) MASTER PLANS

1. SANDIGAN 2. SANDUGO 3. SANGYAMAN 4. SANG –

BANAT 5. SANG – INGAT 6. SAKLOLO

SANDIGAN – PNP Master Plan for Anti – Criminality

The campaign against crime is a continuing concern. It is a war that the police could
not win alone, and cannot in any real sense fight alone. Police could not change the “ root
drivers” of crime such as poverty, unemployment, poor housing, moral education, freedom,
civil liberties, ambitions, dysfunctional families and other ills of socio – economic
opportunities. Thus, all aspects of police work should be premised upon active community
consent, trust and participation.

SANDUGO – PNP‘s International Security Operation (ISO) Master Plan

It serves as the long – range and holistic master plan of the PNP in waging an internal
security support operations nationwide and prescribes the counter – insurgency support
strategy, operational concept, scheme of implementation, service support, and coordinating
instructions in order to accomplish the PNP’s international security support mission.
SANGYAMAN – PNP’s Master Plan to help protect and preserve our Environment,
Cultural Properties and Natural Resources
This master plan prescribes the guidelines to be followed by tasked PNP Units /
Offices in assisting lead government agencies in the enforcement of laws over Philippine
territorial waters, lakes, rivers, mountain ranges, forest, to include laws and ordinances that
have been set forth to preserve, protect and enhance our environment and natural resources,
in close coordination with the Department of the Environment and Natural Resources,
Department of Agriculture, National Museum and other tasked government agencies and non
– government organizations.
SANGBANAT – PNP’s Master Plan for the Campaign against Illegal Drugs
This master plan sets forth the concept of operations, operational guidelines and tasks
of all PNP units/offices in the total fight against illegal drugs integrating the activities of all
concerned National Government Agencies (NGA’s) in the conduct of Anti – illegal Drug
Campaign at the national down to barangay levels.

SANG – INGAT – PNP’s Master Plan o Security Preparations

This Master Plan sets forth the strategic concepts and operational guidelines, as well
as contingency plan to ensure the maintenance of peace and order during the year – round
observance of holidays, which involves great concern on movement of the citizens,
international, national and local meeting conferences, events, and rallies in protest to wide
range of issues.

SAKLOLO – PNP’s Mater Plan for Disaster Preparedness

It sets forth the strategic concepts, operational guidelines and coordinating

instructions to be undertaken by the PNP Offices and Personnel on Disaster management.
The PNP as Disaster Coordinating Council operating unit, conducts disaster preparedness
activities, provides security coverage in disaster areas, and assist in search and rescue,
evacuation, and relief operations.
BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF POLICE OPERATIONS

• With a marked police vehicle;

• Led by a Police Commissioned Officer (PCO),

• With personnel in prescribed police uniform or attire

Arrest

The taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the
commission of an offense.
 MODES OF ARREST

• Arrest by Virtue of a Warrant – A mode of arrest usually executed by law

enforcers upon the written order of the Judge.

• Warrantless Arrest - This is also known as citizen's arrest. This can be executed by
either law officers or private persons.
TIME OF MAKING AN ARREST
An arrest may be made on any day and at any time of the day or night.

EXECUTION OF THE WARRANT OF ARREST

The head of the office to whom the warrant of arrest was delivered for
execution shall cause the warrant to be executed within ten (10) days from its receipt.
Within ten (10) days, the officer to whom it was assigned for execution shall make a
report to the judge who issued the warrant.
MIRANDA RIGHTS

o The right to be informed of the cause and nature of accusation

o The right to remain silent o The right to counsel

SEARCH AND SEIZURE

Search - an infringement of an individual's reasonable expectation of privacy.

"Search" here as applied to law enforcement connotes a different meaning. “An
inspection which does not intrude upon a legitimate expectation of privacy or
compromise any legitimate interest in privacy is not considered as a search.”

Seizure-detention of an individual or her property, and removing that property from

the control of the citizen, or in effect, taking control of the individual.

Search Warrant- A search warrant is an order in writing issued in the name of the
People of the Philippines, signed by a judge and directed to a peace officer,
commanding him to search for personal property described therein and bring it before
the court (sec. 1, Rule 126, Rules of Court).
MODES OF SEARCH

Search by Virtue of a Warrant- A mode of search executed by law

enforcers uponthe written order of the Judge.

Warrantless Search - A mode of search by police officers executed without

the benefit of a warrant.
VALIDITY OF SEARCH WARRANT

A search warrant shall be valid for ten (10) days from the date of its issuance
and thereafter considered as void once not executed within the period required
(Sec. 10, Rule 126, Rules of Court).

“Keep your face always toward the sunshine, and shadows will fall behind you.”
— Walt Whitman
***