First lesson

Verb Tenses
Verbs come in three tenses:
past, present, and future.

The past is used to describe things that have already happened (e.g.,
earlier in the day, yesterday, last week, three years ago).
The present tense is used to describe things that are happening right
now, or things that are continuous.
The future tense describes things that have yet to happen (e.g., later,
tomorrow, next week, next year, three years from now).
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Simple Tenses

We’ll start with the simple tenses. Simple tenses

usually refer to a single action. In general, simple
tenses express facts and situations that existed in the
past, exist in the present, or will exist in the future.

Simple present: I write one paragraph every day.

Simple past: I wrote one paragraph yesterday.

Simple future: I will write one paragraph every day.

2
1- Present Time
1-1 Present Simple :
In general, the simple present tense in English is used to describe an
action that is regular, true or normal.

• For habits and actions that we do regularly:

➢ He visits his friends every Sunday.
➢ She goes to school by bus.
• For general facts:
➢ The sun rises in the East.
• For permanent situations:
➢ He lives in Basrah.

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Expressions used with the Present Simple
Frequency adverbs:
always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never
(they are placed before the main verb)
Time expressions:
every day / week / Friday…
on Mondays / Sundays…
at the weekend…
in the morning / afternoon…
in winter / spring…
once a day / week…
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1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
➢ I take the train to the office.
➢ The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
➢ John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. For facts.
➢ A dog has four legs.
➢ We come from Iraq.
➢ The Earth circles the sun.
➢ The moon doesn't circle the sun.

3. For habits.
➢ I get up early every day.
➢ Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
➢ They go to the mall every weekend.
➢ Sara eats a cheese for breakfast every day. She doesn't eat cereal.

4. For things that are always / generally true.

➢ It rains a lot in winter.
➢ The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace. 5

➢ They speak English at work.

5. To give your opinion
I like ice cream.
I don't like spicy food.

6. To talk about schedules

The library opens at eight.
It doesn't open at 7.

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 Forms of the present simple :

1- Affirmative 2- Negative 3-Interrogative

I walk I don’t walk Do I walk?
You walk You don’t walk Do you walk?
He walks He doesn’t walk Does he walk?
She walks She doesn’t walk Does she walk?
It walks It doesn’t walk Does it walk?
We walk We don’t walk Do we walk?
They walk They don’t walk Do they walk?
I, you, we, they play. I, you, do not play Do I, you, we, they play?
He, she, it plays we, they don't . Does he, she, it
He, she, does not
7
it doesn't
Nancy and James speak good German.
Nancy works in a restaurant downtown.
The children play in the garden every weekend.
No, I don't speak German.
No, she doesn't work in a restaurant downtown
Do you speak good German?
Does Nancy work in a restaurant downtown?

The simple present is used:

To talk about schedules - The library opens at eight. It doesn't open at 7.
To talk about daily habits (routines)- Sara eats cheese for breakfast every day.
She doesn't eat cereal.
To give facts - The earth circles the sun. The moon doesn't circle the sun.
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Third person singular
We add –s to the verb to form the third person singular
(he, she, it).
I drink – he drinks
I run – he runs
BUT
• We add –es to verbs that end in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o.
I watch – he watches
• With verbs ending in consonant + y, we change the –y to –ies.
I cry – he cries
But with verbs ending in vowel + y, we just add –s as usual.
I play – he plays

So the rule is: He / she / it + Verb + S

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 Examples
He speaks three languages.
She drinks coffee every morning.
My dog hates my cat.
A mechanic fixes cars.
She watches soap operas every afternoon.
He kisses his wife before he goes to work.
Isabel studies every night.
The baby cries all the time.
He denies all responsibility.
He speaks Italian.
She drives to work every morning.
He says he plays football on the weekends.

Verbs ending
Silent e Vowel + y Consonant + y Verbs ending in o
in s, z, sh, tch, ch
close = closes play = plays study = studies go = goes miss = misses
note = notes say = says marry = marries do = does buzz = buzzes
hatch = hatches
finish
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= finishes
teach = teaches
James is a taxi driver. He drives a taxi. But on Sundays, he
doesn't drive his taxi. He stays at home.
The verbs be, drive and stay are in the present simple.

The verb to be
The verb to be is the most important verb in the English
language. It is difficult to use because it is an irregular
verb in almost all of its forms. In the simple present
tense, to be is conjugated as follows:

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 Affirmative forms of the verb to be
Subject Pronouns Full Form Contracted Form Interrogative forms of
I am 'm the verb to be:
you are 're
Am I?
he/she/it is 's
Are you?
we are 're
Is he/she/it?
you are 're
Are we?
they are 're
Are you?
Negative Forms of the verb to be: Are they?

Subject Pronouns Full Form Contracted Form

I am not 'm not
you are not aren't
he/she/it is not isn't
we are not aren't
you are not aren't
they are not aren't 12
Examples:
•Is Brad Pitt French?
•No, he isn't. He's American.
•What about Angelina Jolie? Is she American, too?
•Yes, she is. She is American.
•Are brad Pitt and Angelina Jolei French?
•No, They aren't. They are American.

Use of the present simple of to be

The principal use of the simple present is to refer to an action or
event that takes place habitually, but with the verb "to be" the
present simple tense also refers to a present or general state,
whether temporary, permanent or habitual.
•I am happy.
•She is helpful.
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 The verb to be in the present simple can be also used to refer to
something that is true at the present moment.
•She is 20 years old.
•He is a student.

Remember:
➢ I, you, he, she, it, you, they are subject pronouns (also called personal
pronouns, a term used to include both subject and object pronouns.)
➢ am, are, is are forms of the verb to be in the simple present.
➢ 'm, 're, 's are short (contracted) forms of am, are, is
➢ 'm not, aren't, isn't are short (contracted) forms of am not, are not, is not.

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❑ Complete the sentences with the Present Simple of the verbs in brackets.

go
1. Peter and his friends __________ to school by bus. (go)
eat
2. Elephants __________ leaves and grass. (eat)
3. David's father __________
works in a hospital. (work)
4. The bank _________
closes at 4.30. (close)
play
5. Tom and Jim __________ football every day after school. (play)
6. Mr. Jones is a teacher. He __________
teaches History. (teach)
7. My best friend __________
lives in Japan. (live)
8. Mary and her brother __________
watch cartoons every Sunday morning. (watch)
9. John _________
tidies his room every day. (tidy)

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❑Choose the correct form of the following verbs:

wake(s) up - open(s) - speak(s) - take(s) - do(es) - cause(s)

- live(s) - play(s) - close(s) - drink(s)
play(s)
1. Anne ---------- handball very well.
drink
2. I never -------- coffee.
open(s)
3. The swimming pool -------- at 7:00 in the morning.
4. It close(s) at 9:00 in the evening.
cause(s)
5. Bad driving -------- many accidents.
live
6. My parents ------- in a very small flat.
take
7. The Olympic Games -------- place every four years.
do
8. They are good students. They always -------- their homework.
speak
9. My students -------- a little English.
wake
10.I always ---------up early in the morning.
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❑ Put the verbs between brackets in the correct form:
1. Jane (not/drink) does not drink / doesn't drink tea very often.
2. What time (the banks/open) do the banks open in Britain?
3. Where (John/come) does John come from?
4. It (take) takes me an hour to get to work.
5. She (not/wake) does not wake up / doesn't wake up early on Sundays.

❑ Choose the right verbs to complete the sentences. Sometimes you need the
negative:

write - turn - eat - tell – rise

turns
1. The earth ------- around the sun.
rises
2. The sun ------- in the east.
don’t eat
3. Vegetarians ------------meat.
4. doesn't tell the truth.
A liar is someone who -----------
5. writes novels.
A novelist -------- 17
 Second lesson
1-2 The Present Continuous / Progressive
The forms of the continuous present tense:

1-The affirmative forms of the present continuous:

am
I
’m 2-The interrogative forms of the present continuous
are Am I
You, we, they eating.
’re Are you, we, they eating?
is Is he, she, it
He, she, it
's
3-The negative forms of the present continuous
am not
I
’m not
are not
You, we, they eating.
aren't
is not
He, she, it 18
isn't
•The present continuous is used to talk about actions happening at the time
of speaking.
•Example:
• Where is Ali? He is having a bath. (Not he has a bath)
• What are you doing at the moment in front of your screen? Don't
you know? Well … you are reading this lesson.
You are learning English.
•The continuous present can also be used when an action has started but
hasn’t finished yet.
•Example:
• I am reading a book; it’s a nice book. (It means = I am not
necessarily reading it; I started reading it but I haven’t finished it
yet.)

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Special verbs
There are verbs which are normally not used in the present continuous.

Examples
be, believe, belong, hate, hear, like, love, mean, prefer, remain, realise,
see, seem, smell, think, understand, want, wish

These verbs are called stative verbs in contrast to action verbs (also referred
to as 'dynamic verbs') such as 'work, play, eat, etc.'
It's not correct to say:
He is wanting to buy a new car.
You must say:
He wants to buy a new car.

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❑Put the verbs into the present continuous:
1. Listen to the birds. They (sing) are singing / .'re singing
2. Look at that one. It (fly) is flying / 's flying high in the sky.
3. The other one (play) is playing / 's playing with a worm.
4. I feel happy because I (have) am having / 'm having a good time here in these woods.

❑Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple present or present progressive)
1. Look! Sara (go) is going / 's going to the movies.
2. On her right hand, Sara (carry) is carrying / 's carrying her handbag.
3. The handbag (be) is / 's very beautiful.
4. Sara usually (put) puts on black shoes but now she (wear) is wearing / 's wearing white trainers.
5. And look, she (take) is taking / 's taking an umbrella.

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1-3 The present perfect tense:

Positive Negative Interrogative

I have worked. I have not worked. Have you worked?

I have worked = I've worked I have not = I haven't worked

He has worked = He's worked He has not = He hasn’t worked

Examples:
•Have you finished the job?
•No, I haven't finished yet.
•Yes, I have already finished.
•She's just finished her job.
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The uses of the present perfect tense:
1. To emphasize on the result of a past action without mentioning the
actual time when it happened:

Examples:
• I have met that girl (/boy) before.
•We have discussed this issue a few times.

2. Action performed in a period that has not finished yet (the same
day, week, month, etc.):
Examples:
• Have you seen Lucy today? (The day is not over yet.)
• I have had several tests this month. (The month has not finished yet.)

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3. Action that started in the past and has continued until now. Often used
with since (indicating the beginning of action) or for (indicating the duration
of action):
Examples:
•They have lived here for ten years.
• I have not seen her since we left high school.

•Clare and John have known each other since they were at primary school.
4. It is used to indicate completed activities in the immediate past (with just).
Example:
• " He has just taken the medicine."

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Remember:
1. The past participle of regular verbs is :
Rule Examples
Verb + ed play - played
visit - visited
finish -finished

2. The past participle of irregular verbs can't be

predicted (there is no rule .) But there is a list of
irregular verbs that you have to learn by heart.
Here are some examples:
Infinitive Simple past Past participle
be was/were been
come came come
go went gone
do did done
meet met met
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❑ Write sentences in present perfect.
1. They / play / football. They have played football
2. He / speak / English. He has spoken English
3. I / write / a poem. I have written a poem
4. We / not / wash / the car. We have not washed the car / We haven't washed the car
5. Nancy / not / meet / her friends. Nancy has not met her friends / Nancy hasn't met her friends

❑ Write questions in present perfect simple.

1. They / finish / their homework Have they finished their homework?
2. She / visit / her friend Has she visited her friend?
3. The maid / clean / the house Has the maid cleaned the house?
4. He / drive / the van Has he driven the van?
5. You / ever / write / a poem Have you ever written a poem?

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1-4 Present Perfect Continuous
The form of the present perfect continuous:
Have (in the simple present) been verb + ing

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I have been working. I have not been working. Have you been working?
Note:

I have been driving = I've been driving He has been sleeping = He's been sleeping
I have not been driving = I haven't been driving He has not been sleeping = He hasn't been sleeping

Examples:
•I have been studying English for two years.
•Have you been studying English for two years?
•She's been revising her lessons.
•She hasn't been hanging around with her friends.

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The use of the present perfect continuous:

1. We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in

the past and has continued up until now indicating a duration. "For an hour",
for two weeks", etc ...are used to indicate duration.
Examples:
•They have been watching TV for the last three hour.
•She has been studying at that institution for three years.
•What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
2. The present perfect continuous is also used without indication of duration.
This use indicates an action that has occurred "lately" or "recently".
Examples:
•I have been feeling really tired, recently.
•She has been smoking too much lately. 28
❑ Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or
continuous).

1. I think the waiter (forget) has forgotten about us .

2. We (wait) have been waiting here for over half an hour and nobody
(take) has taken our order yet.
3. I think you're right. He (walk) has been walking by us for at least 20
minutes. He probably thinks we (order, already) have already ordered .

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Third lesson played.
I, you, he, she, it, we, they wrote
2-The simple past tense
did.
The forms of the simple past:
The Affirmative form of the simple past:
Examples: play?
•I played tennis with my friends yesterday. Did I, you, he, she, it, we, they write
•I finished lunch and I did my homework. do?
The interrogative form of the simple past:
Examples:
Did you play basketball yesterday? play
Did you watch television? I, you, he, she, it, we, they did not/didn't write
Did you do the homework? do
The negative form of the simple past:
Examples:
•I didn't like the food served in the wedding party last Saturday.
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•I didn't eat it.
The use of the past simple
The past simle is used principally to describe events in the
past, but it also has some other uses. Here are the main uses of
the simple past. Remember:
Finished events in the past didn't is the short
•William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. form of did not.
•Christoph Columbus discovered America in 1492.
You can say either:
•He helped her and left.
•I did
Past habitual action not play basketball
•I visited them every day for a year. , or
•I drove to work every day when I worked with that company. •I didn't play bask
etball.
Events that were true for some time in the past
•He lived in Paris for 20 years. 31

•They talked on the phone for ten minutes.

The past simple tense of the verb to be:
The affirmative form:
Examples:
I was in London in 1999.
Pam was in London in 1999, too.
She was my friend.

The interrogative form:

Was I, he, she, it?
Examples :

Were you, we, they?

•Were you in London last year?
•Was Pam with you?
was not.
The negative form: I, he, she, it
wasn't.
Examples: were not.
•I wasn't in Paris in 1999. You, we, they
weren't.
•We weren't in Paris. 32
❑ Put the verbs into the past simple :
went
1. Last year I (go) ------- to England on holiday.
was
2. It (be) ----- fantastic.
was with two friends of mine .
visited lots of interesting places. I (be) ------
3. I (visit) --------
4. In the mornings, we (walk) -walked ------ in the streets of London.
5. In the evenings, we (go)went ------ to restaurants.
6. The weather (be) ------was strangely fine.

7. It (not / rain) did not rain a lot.

------------
saw
8. But we (see) -------- some beautiful rainbows.
did you spend
9. Where (spend / you) ---------------- your last holiday?

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❑ Write the past forms of ❑ Complete the table in past simple.
the irregular verbs.
Infinitive Past simple
Simple Past
1. meet 1. met He did not write a book. Did he write a book?
2. drive 2. drove
3. speak 3. spoke
He sang Did he sing?
4. put 4. put She was pretty She was not pretty
5. write 5. wrote
6. sing 6. sang ❑ Put the sentences into past simple.
7. do 7. did We move to a new house. →
1. We moved to a new house.
8. sit 8. sat 2. They bring a sandwich. → They brought a sandwich.
9. stand 9. stood 3. He doesn't do the homework. → He did not do the homework.
10. run 10. ran 4. They sell cars. → They sold cars.
5. Does he visit his friends? → Did he visit his friends?

❑ Write sentences in simple past.

1. Janet / the bus / miss → Janet missed the bus.
2. she / her room / tidy → She tidied her room.
3. Nancy / watch / not / television → Nancy did not watch television.
4. she / read / book → She read a book.
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2-The past continuous:
The past continuous, also called past progressive, is used to refer to an
action that was continuous (i.e. an action that was going on) at a particular
time in the past. to be in the simple past + verb + ing
The form of the past continuous:
The past continuous is formed as follows:

I, he, she, it was

The affirmative form: playing.
you, we, they were
•Yesterday evening I was watching a film, when someone knocked on the door.
•This morning I was revising my lessons when my father came in.
•Jim and Lisa were playing tennis yesterday at 11:00.

The interrogative form:

Was I, he, she, it Playing?
•What were you doing yesterday evening?
•And what was your mother doing? were you, we, they
•Where were you going, this morning at 7:30? 35
•What were Jim and Lisa doing?
 I, he, she, it was not / wasn't
The negative form: playing.
you, we, they were not / weren't
•I wasn't reading a book yesterday evening; I was watching a film.
•My mother wasn't preparing dinner; she was working on the computer.
•We weren't playing cards.

The use of the past continuous:

Example:
•We use the past continuous to say that somebody was in the middle of doing something at a certain time
in the past.
Example:
"This time yesterday, I was doing my homework."
•We use the past continuous to say that something happened in the middle of something else:
Example:
"Bob burnt his hand when he was cooking dinner yesterday"
"While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back." 36
❑ Put the verbs into the correct form (past progressive).
1. When I phoned my friends, they (play) were playing monopoly.
2. Yesterday at six, I (prepare) was preparing dinner.
3. The kids (play) were playing in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I (practice) was practicing the guitar when he came home.
5. We (not / cycle) were not cycling / weren't cycling all day.
6. While Alan (work) was working in his room, his friends (swim) were swimming in the pool.
7. I tried to tell them the truth but they ( not/listen) were not listening / weren't listening .
8. What (you / do) were you doing yesterday?
9. Most of the time, we (sit) were sitting in the park.
10. I (listen) was listening to the radio while my sister (watch) was watching TV.
11. When I arrived, they (play) were playing cards.
12. We (study) were studying English yesterday at 4:00 pm.

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❑ Write correct sentences:
Yesterday at 6 pm your family were doing different things. Write positive sentences in past
progressive.

My mother / read / a novel. My mother was reading a novel.

My father / watch / TV. My father was watching a movie.
My elder sister / writing / in her diary. My elder sister was writing in her diary.
My two brothers / listen / to the radio. My two brothers were listening to the radio.
My little sister and I / not / watch / a movie. My little sister and I were not watching a movie.
We / talk / about school. We were talking about school.

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 3- Past perfect tense
The past perfect refers to an event that was completed at some point in the past
before something else happened. It is formed by combining the auxiliary verb “had”
with the past participle of the main verb. Had Past Participle Form
Form of the past perfect simple:
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I had worked. I had not worked. had I worked?
You had worked. You had not worked. had you worked?

I had not worked = I hadn't worked

NOTE I had worked = I'd worked
Use of the past perfect simple:

Use the past perfect tense to show an action that was completed prior to another action that took place in the past.
•He had learned Spanish before he went to Spain.
•President Lincoln had attended the theater before his assassination in 1865. 39
•They had had lunch when I arrived.
•She passed the exam because she had worked very hard.
4- Past perfect continuous tense

The past perfect continuous refers to a duration of an event taking place

before a certain time in the past.
Form of the past perfect continuous: had been verb +ing

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I had been working. I had not been working. Had I been working?
You had been working. You had not been working. Had you been working?

•You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
•Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?
•You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.

40
1. We use the past perfect continuous to show that something started in the past and
continued up until another action stopped it.

Example:
We had been playing soccer when the accident occurred.

2. We use the past perfect continuous to show that something started in the past and
continued up until another time in the past. In this case we use expressions of duration
such as: for an hour , for three years

Example:
I had been living in that small town for three years before I moved to New York.

3. We use the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past to show cause
and effect.

Example:
I was so tired. I had been revising my lessons for hours. 41
❑ Write the past participle of the following irregular verbs.
spoken
1. speak ------------
2. catch - caught
3. eat - eaten
4. understand - understood
5. begin - begun

❑ Complete the sentences in past perfect simple (affirmative form.)

1. I lost the key that he (give) had given / 'd given to me.
2. He told me that he (see) had seen / 'd seen the film.
3. I went outside as I (hear) had heard / 'd heard a noise .
4. When they came home, Liza (cook) had cooked / 'd cooked dinner.
5. We could not send you a postcard because we (lose) had lost / 'd lost our address book.

❑ Complete the sentences in past perfect simple (negative).

1. The waiter served something that we (not / order) had not ordered / hadn't ordered.
2. He went to the country which he (not / visit ) had not visited / hadn't visited before.
3. She picked out the red dress, which she (not / wear) had not worn / hadn't worn for ages.
4. He (not / swim) had not swum / hadn't swum in the beach before that day. 42
5. His mother was angry because he (not / do) had not done / hadn't done the shopping for her.
❑ Complete the questions in past perfect simple.
1. (you / finish) Had you finished your homework before you went to the cinema?
2. Why (you / not /clean) had not you cleaned / hadn't you cleaned the bathroom before you took a bath?
3. (you / have) Had you had breakfast before you left the house?
4. (she / manage) Had she managed to find a place to stay when she went to London?
5. Where (she / stay) had she stayed before she moved to live with her friend?

❑ Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect or the simple past)
1. The storm (destroy) destroyed the house that they had built.
2. The children (cleaned) cleaned the blackboard they had used to do the mathematics exercise.
3. When she went out to play, she (do / already ) had already done / 'd already done her homework.
4. She (eat) ate all of the food that we had made.
5. He took off the jacket he (put on) had put on / 'd put on before.

❑ Put the verbs between brackets in the correct tense (past perfect simple or continuous.)
1. I (try) had been trying to get tickets for that play for months before my friend finally got them.
2. When I arrived at the theater, he (pick, already) had already picked / 'd already picked up the tickets.
3. He was really angry because he (wait) had been waiting for more than half an hour when I arrived.
4. When the play started, I (already, apologize) had already apologized / 'd already apologized to my friend.
5. We (watch) had been watching / 'd been watching the play when the lights went off.
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Forth lesson

3-Future tense
will / 'll + verb
3-1 The simple future tense:
The simple future is formed as :
The affirmative form of the simple future:
Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we, they will / ''ll go.
➢ I think I'll buy a new computer.
➢ I will open the door. Someone is ringing the bell.
The interrogative form of the simple future:
Examples:
➢ Will you buy a computer? Will I, you, he, she, it, we, they go?
➢ Will you go to the party?
The negative form of the simple future:
will not = won't will not
I, you, he, she, it, we, they go.
Examples: won't
➢ I will not stay at home if I finish the homework.
➢ I won't visit Big Ben if I go to London. 44
 The use of the simple future:
We use the simple future for instant decisions.
Example: "I've left the door open; I'll close it."

We use the simple future , when we predict a future situation:

Example: "She'll pass the exam. She's hard working"

We use the simple future with: "I (don't) think...", "I expect...", "I'm sure...",
"I wonder...", "probably".
Example: "It will probably rain tonight" , "I wonder what will happen?

We use the simple future in conditional sentences (type one).

Example: "If I have enough time, I'll watch the film."

45
Things to remember:
1. We don't use the simple future to say what somebody has already decided or
arranged to do in the future. We use instead either the present continuous or
"going to + verb" (Future plan) :
➢ Anne is traveling to New York next week. (NOT, "Ann will travel ")
➢ Are you going to watch television? (NOT "will you watch").
2. You can use shall instead of will for I and we:
➢ I shall play football.(Or, I will play ...)
➢ We shall play football. (Or, we will play ...)
3. 'll is the short form of will. You can say either:

➢ I will go, or
➢ I 'll go.
4. Won't is the short form of will not. You can say either:
➢ I will not go, or
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➢ I won't go.
❑Put the verbs into the correct form (simple future)
James, 18 years old, asked an ugly fortune teller about his future. Here is what she told him:
1. You (be) will be/'ll be very happy.
2. You (get) will get/'ll get a lot of money.
3. You (buy) will buy/'ll buy a beautiful house.
4. Your friends (envy) will envy/'ll envy you.
5. You (meet) will meet/'ll meet a beautiful woman.
6. You and your wife (travel) will travel/'ll travel around the world.
7. People (serve) will serve/'ll serve you.
8. They (not/refuse) will not refuse/won't refuse to make you happy.
9. But all this (happen / only) will only happen/'ll only happenwhen you are 70 years old.

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 3-2 Form of the future progressive
The future progressive tense is formed by adding will be to the ing form (gerund
form) of the main verb. will be verb+ing

Affirmative: I will/'ll be watching TV.

Negative I will not/won't be watching a football match.
Interrogative Will you be watching TV?
will be watching = 'll be watching
will not be watching = won't be watching

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Use of the future progressive
Future progressive tense is used to indicate an action which will be taking
place at some time in the future.

Examples:
I will be watching a football match next Sunday afternoon.
We'll be working on our project this morning..
When you arrive, I'll be sleeping .
I will be leaving in a few minutes.
We will be working tomorrow morning.

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❑ Put the verbs into the correct form (future progressive).

1. Tomorrow morning we (work) will be working .

2. This time next week we (have) will be having a party.
3. At midnight I (sleep) will be sleeping .
4. This evening we (watch) will be watching a talk show.
5. They (not/do) will not be doing their homework this afternoon.
6. He (listen) will be listening to music.
7. I (read) a book will be reading this evening.
8. (walk / you) Will you be walking home this afternoon?
9. He (not/draw ) will not be drawing tomorrow morning.
10. They (argue) will be arguing again.

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 3-3 Future perfect simple

The future perfect is used to describe an event that will be finished by a particular time in
the future.

Form of the future perfect simple: will have past participle

Affirmative I will / 'll have finished.

Negative I will not / won't have finished.
Interrogative will you have finished?

NOTE:
I will have finished = I'll have finished
I will not have finished = I won't have finished
I will have finished my English homework by the time my mother arrives.
Will you have finished your English homework by the time your mother arrives?

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Use of the perfect future simple:

The Future Perfect shows that something will occur before:

another action occurs in the future
or before a specific time in the future.

Examples:

➢ By the end of this weekend, I will have revised my lessons.

➢ By the time her husband arrives home, she will have prepared dinner.
➢ I won't have finished this task by the end of June

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 3-4 Future Perfect Continuous:
Future perfect continuous refers to a progressive event that will be completed at some point
in the future. Here are the forms and uses of this tense.

Form of the future continuous:

will have been verb+ing

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I will have been teaching. I will not/won't have been teaching. will you have been teaching?

NOTE:
I will have been teaching = I'll have been teaching
I will not have been teaching = I won't have been teaching
Examples:

I will have been teaching for more than 35 years when I retire.
Will you have been teaching for more than 35 years when you retire? 53
 Use of the future perfect continuous:

It is used to show that an event will continue up until a particular event or time in
the future. It is mostly used with an expression such as:
•for five minutes
•for two weeks
These expressions indicate durations.
Examples:
•She will have been working for over 8 hours by the time her children arrive. .
•He will have been studying English for three years next month.

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❑ Put the verbs into the correct form (future perfect simple).
1. By 9 o'clock, we (finish) will have finished/'ll have finished our homework.
2. They (leave) will have left/'ll have left the classroom by the end of the hour.
3. We (go) will have left/'ll have left home by next week.
4. She (return) will have returned/'ll have returned from the party by 6 o'clock.
5. (buy / he) Will you have bought the new house by October
6. The sun (not / rise) will not have risen/ won't have risen by 4 o'clock.
7. (You/do) Will you have done the shopping by 3 o'clock?

❑ Put the verbs into the correct form (future perfect continuous).
1. By the end of the month, I (live) will have been living/'ll have been living in this town for ten years.
2. By the end of this week, we (work) will have been working/'ll have been workingon the project for a month.
3. By July the fifth, they (study)will have been studying/'ll have been studying English for 3 years.
4. By 10 o'clock, she (watch) will have been watching/'ll have been watching TV for 4 hours.
5. She (sleep) will have been sleeping/'ll have been sleeping for 10 hours by 11 o'clock.
6. We (look) will have been looking for/'ll have been looking for/shall have been looking for him for 40 days by
next Saturday.
7. They (wait) will have been waiting/'ll have been waiting for the president for 5 hours. 55
❑Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense
(future perfect simple or continuous.)

1. By 2018 we (live) will have been living /'ll have been living in Madrid for 20 years.
2. He (write) will have written/'ll have written a book by the end of the year.
3. (finish, you) Will you have finished this novel by next week?
4. He (read) will have been reading/'ll have been reading this book for 15 days by the end of this
week.
5. They (marry) will have been married for 40 years by the end of this month.
6. (pregnant, she) Will she have been pregnant for three months this week?

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3-5 Future plan
In addition to the simple future tense, we can talk about future events by using either:
the present continuous, or
to be (in the simple present) + going to +verb.

These two forms are used to talk about future plans. There are, however, some differences between the two
forms.

1. The present continuous for future plans:

The present continuous is used when we say what we have planned and arranged to do at a specific time in the
future. These are fixed plans with definite time and/or place.

Examples:
➢ I'm doing my homework this evening.
➢ I'm starting university in September.
➢ Sally is meeting John at seven o'clock this evening in a restaurant downtown.

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2. To be + going to + verb:

1- We use 'going to' to express the future when we intend to do something

or have decided to do something but did not arrange it. It is just an intention.
Example:
➢ The windows are dirty.
➢ Yes I know. I'm going to clean them later.
= I've decided to clean them ,but I haven't arranged to clean them.

2- We also use 'going to' to make predictions.

➢ Watch out! you are going to break the glass.
➢ It's so cloudy! I think it's going to rain.

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