FEDERAL UNIVERSITTY OF TECHNOLOGY OWERRI

P.M.B 1526, OWERRI, IMO STATE.

A TECHNICAL REPORT ON
STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME(SIWES) 400
LEVEL

DONE AT
AGRICARE STD PLUS LIMITED
PLOT 217, AWKA IND. LAYOUT, AWKA, ANAMBRA STATE

WRITTEN BY
EZEONUOGU, SANDRA CHIAMAKA
20201212671

SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY (CST)

SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
(SAAT)

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B. TECH) IN
CROP SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY(CST)

DECEMBER, 2024

I
 DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to God Almighty for His endless grace, guidance, and protection

throughout this journey.

II
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my industrial-based

supervisor, Mr. Ebubechukwu Johnson for their guidance, encouragement, and invaluable

support throughout my SIWES program.

I would also like to thank the SIWES coordinator for their dedication and for ensuring a smooth

and fulfilling industrial training experience.

Special thanks to the Head of Department (HOD) for their leadership and continuous motivation

during my academic pursuits.

I am sincerely grateful to my course advisor for their academic guidance, mentorship, and

support.

To my beloved parents, thank you for your love, encouragement, and sacrifices that have brought

me this far. Your prayers have been a constant source of strength.

I would also like to appreciate my friends for their companionship, support, and encouragement

during this period.

Lastly, I extend my gratitude to the entire staff of Agricare STD Plus Limited for providing me

with practical learning opportunities and for making my industrial training experience enriching

and worthwhile.

III
 ABSTRACT

During my internship at Agricare STD Plus Limited in the Crop Science Technology Department,
I focused on the field of agronomy, gaining hands-on experience in various agricultural practices.
My primary responsibilities included monitoring crop growth, applying fertilizers, conducting
soil tests, and participating in pest control activities. I also worked closely with the farm
management team to ensure that the crops were grown under optimal conditions. My
involvement in the process of seed selection, planting, and irrigation management allowed me to
understand the importance of these factors in maximizing crop yield. I had the opportunity to
contribute to field experiments that aimed to improve the efficiency of farming methods,
particularly in relation to soil fertility and crop rotation. Throughout my internship, I was able to
apply theoretical knowledge gained from my academic studies in real-world scenarios,
enhancing my understanding of the principles of agronomy. Additionally, I learned how to use
modern agricultural tools and technologies to monitor crop health and manage farm resources
effectively. My experience at Agricare STD Plus Limited provided me with valuable insights
into the challenges and best practices of sustainable farming, deepening my appreciation for the
work involved in crop production. This internship has significantly improved my practical skills
and prepared me for future professional endeavors in the field of agronomy.

IV
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEDICATION II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III

ABSTRACT IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS
V

LIST OF FIGURES VIII

CHAPTER ONE 1

SIWES OVERVIEW 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SIWES 1

1.1 HISTORY OF SIWES 2

1.1.1 MISSION STATEMENT 2

1.1.2 VISION STATEMENT 3

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 3

1.3 ROLES OF STUDENTS IN THE SIWES 4

1.4 RELEVANCE OF SIWES TO CROP SCIENCE STUDENTS 6

CHAPTER TWO 8

COMPANY OVERVIEW 8

2.1 HISTORY OF THE COMPANY 8

2.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY 9

2.3 COMPANY ORGANOGRAM 10

2.4 DEPARTMENTS AND FUNCTIONS 12

V
 2.5 PRODUCTS AND SERVICES 14

2.6 SAFETY MEASURES 15

2.7 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT 16

CHAPTER THREE 20

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN AGRONOMY SECTION 20

3.1 Soil Preparation and Tillage Practices 20

3.2 Seed Selection and Planting Methods 21

3.3 Crop Maintenance: Weed, Pest, and Disease Management 22

3.4 Irrigation and Water Management 23

3.5 Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling 24

3.6 Record Keeping and Data Management 25

3.7 Field Visits and Farmer Training 25

3.8 Fertilization and Nutrient Management 26

3.9 Crop Rotation and Crop Diversity Management 27

3.10 Harvesting and Yield Evaluation 28

CHAPTER FOUR 31

EXPERIENCE GAINED 31

4.1 Crop Management Practices 31

4.2 Soil Fertility Assessment and Management 32

4.3 Pest and Disease Control Management 33

4.4 Precision Farming Techniques 34

VI
 4.5 Sustainable Agricultural Practices 35

CHAPTER FIVE 36

CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED, CONCLUSION AND 36

5.1 Challenges Encountered 36

5.2 Conclusion 37

5.3 Recommendations 37

VII
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Organogram of the company 11

Figure 2.2: Some Safety protective equipment 16

Figure 2.3: A Tractor at work 17

Figure 2.4: A planter 17

Figure 2.5: An Harvester 18

Figure 2.6: A sprayer at work 18

Figure 2.7: Soil Testing kit 19

Figure 2.8: 3 lines Drip irrigation Kit 19

VIII
 CHAPTER ONE

SIWES OVERVIEW

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SIWES

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skills acquisition program

designed to bridge the gap between theory and practice for students in Nigerian universities,

polytechnics, and colleges of education. Established in 1973, SIWES has played a crucial role in

equipping students with practical knowledge and experience in their respective fields of study,

helping to align academic learning with the demands of the labor market. The scheme was born

out of the need to ensure that graduates are well-prepared for the workforce by providing them

with opportunities to gain industrial exposure. The National Universities Commission (NUC),

National Board for Technical Education (NBTE), and the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) work

together to ensure that SIWES remains relevant and beneficial to students across various

disciplines.

For students studying Crop Science, SIWES offers a unique opportunity to apply their theoretical

knowledge to real-world agricultural practices. With the increasing global demand for food

security and sustainable agriculture, SIWES is vital for Crop Science students as it allows them

to engage directly with the challenges and opportunities in the agricultural sector. Throughout

the internship period, students work in various agricultural organizations, farms, and research

institutes where they gain hands-on experience in crop production, pest management, soil science,

and modern farming techniques. This exposure prepares them for a career in agronomy, research,

extension services, and agricultural policy development.

1
1.1 HISTORY OF SIWES

The origin of the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) dates back to 1973

when the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) identified a growing disconnect between academic

knowledge and practical skills among graduates in Nigeria. This observation led to the

establishment of SIWES as a formal and structured platform for industrial training aimed at

equipping students with relevant skills to meet the needs of various industries. At its inception,

SIWES primarily targeted students in science and technology-related disciplines, such as

engineering, agriculture, and environmental sciences, with the goal of ensuring that they could

apply theoretical knowledge in practical settings.

Over the years, SIWES has expanded to include students from other fields of study, such as

business, management, and social sciences. The program's structure involves collaboration

between academic institutions, industry players, and regulatory bodies to ensure that students are

placed in suitable organizations that align with their field of study. SIWES placements typically

last between three to six months, during which students work under the supervision of industry

professionals and academic staff to ensure they gain valuable skills and knowledge. The

evolution of SIWES has made it an integral part of the Nigerian higher education system,

ensuring that students graduate with a well-rounded understanding of both theoretical and

practical aspects of their chosen careers.

1.1.1 MISSION STATEMENT

The mission of the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is to expose students

to the industrial work environment, equip them with practical skills and competencies, and foster

collaboration between academic institutions and industries. By integrating practical experience

into the academic curriculum, SIWES aims to enhance the quality of graduates produced by

2
Nigerian universities and polytechnics, ensuring that they are adequately prepared to meet the

challenges of the workforce. SIWES also seeks to promote innovation, professionalism, and

ethical standards among students, while encouraging industries to actively participate in the

training and development of future professionals.

1.1.2 VISION STATEMENT

The vision of the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is to be a globally

recognized platform for industrial training, contributing to the development of a highly skilled

and competent workforce capable of driving national and international economic growth. SIWES

envisions a future where graduates from Nigerian institutions are well-equipped with the

technical and practical knowledge needed to excel in their chosen fields, thereby reducing the

gap between academia and industry. By fostering partnerships between educational institutions

and industries, SIWES aims to create an environment where students can seamlessly transition

from the classroom to the professional world, contributing to technological advancement and

sustainable development.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The primary aim of SIWES is to provide students with the opportunity to acquire practical skills

and relevant work experience in their fields of study, thereby preparing them for the demands of

the labor market.

The scheme's objectives are multi-faceted, targeting both the academic and professional

development of students

3
1. To bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application: SIWES ensures

that students have the chance to apply the concepts and theories they learn in the classroom to

real-world situations, fostering a deeper understanding of their field of study.

2. To expose students to modern technologies and industry practices: Through industrial

placements, students gain exposure to the latest technologies, tools, and techniques used in their

respective industries, making them more competitive in the job market.

3. To foster a sense of professionalism and work ethics: SIWES helps students develop essential

workplace skills such as teamwork, time management, communication, and problem-solving,

which are critical for professional success.

4. To prepare students for self-employment and entrepreneurship: By providing hands-on

experience in various industries, SIWES encourages students to consider entrepreneurship and

self-employment as viable career options, particularly in fields such as agriculture, where

innovation and entrepreneurship are key to success.

5. To promote industry-academia collaboration: SIWES serves as a platform for fostering strong

relationships between academic institutions and industries, ensuring that the curriculum remains

relevant and that students are trained in areas that meet the needs of the workforce.

1.3 ROLES OF STUDENTS IN THE SIWES

Students play a critical role in ensuring the success of their SIWES experience.

The following are the key responsibilities of students during their industrial training

4
1. Active Participation: Students are expected to fully engage in all assigned tasks and

responsibilities at their place of training. This includes being punctual, following instructions,

and contributing to the daily operations of the organization.

2. Learning and Skill Acquisition: The primary goal of SIWES is for students to learn and

acquire practical skills. Therefore, students must be proactive in seeking opportunities to learn

from their supervisors and colleagues. This includes asking questions, observing industry best

practices, and participating in projects and activities that enhance their knowledge.

3. Reporting and Documentation: Students are required to keep a detailed logbook that

documents their daily activities, tasks, and lessons learned during the training period. This

logbook serves as a record of their industrial experience and is later assessed by both the industry

supervisor and the academic institution.

4. Professional Conduct: Throughout their industrial attachment, students must maintain a high

level of professionalism. This includes adhering to the organization’s code of conduct, dressing

appropriately, and demonstrating a strong work ethic.

5. Collaboration and Teamwork: Many industries require teamwork to achieve their goals, and

students are expected to collaborate with other staff members, sharing ideas, and contributing to

the overall success of the organization.

6. Reporting Challenges: If students face any difficulties or challenges during their placement,

they are encouraged to report these issues to both their industrial and academic supervisors to

ensure that they receive the necessary support and guidance.

5
1.4 RELEVANCE OF SIWES TO CROP SCIENCE STUDENTS

SIWES is particularly relevant to students in the field of Crop Science, as it offers them the

opportunity to gain practical experience in various aspects of agriculture, particularly in crop

production and management.

For Crop Science students, the SIWES program is essential in the following ways

1. Practical Exposure to Agronomy: Through SIWES, Crop Science students gain hands-on

experience in agronomy, which includes the study of crop cultivation, soil management, and

plant breeding. This practical exposure allows students to apply theoretical knowledge from their

academic coursework to real-world agricultural scenarios, enhancing their understanding of crop

production systems.

2. Familiarity with Modern Agricultural Practices: The agricultural sector is constantly evolving,

with new technologies and practices being introduced to improve crop yield and sustainability.

SIWES provides Crop Science students with the opportunity to familiarize themselves with

modern farming techniques such as precision agriculture, irrigation systems, integrated pest

management, and the use of agricultural machinery.

3. Understanding Soil Science and Fertility Management: Soil health is a critical factor in crop

production, and during SIWES, students are exposed to various soil testing methods, fertility

management strategies, and techniques for improving soil quality. This experience is crucial for

Crop Science students, as it prepares them to make informed decisions about soil management in

their future careers.

6
4. Pest and Disease Control Experience: SIWES placements often involve working on farms

where students learn about pest and disease control methods. This is especially important for

Crop Science students, as they gain practical knowledge about the use of pesticides, biological

control agents, and other integrated pest management strategies.

5. Exposure to Agricultural Research and Development: Many Crop Science students are placed

in research institutes or agricultural organizations where they participate in field experiments and

research projects. This exposure helps students develop a research-oriented mindset and equips

them with the skills needed to contribute to agricultural innovation and development.

6. Preparation for Careers in Agronomy and Extension Services: SIWES is a valuable stepping

stone for students interested in pursuing careers in agronomy, extension services, and agricultural

consultancy. The practical skills and industry knowledge gained during the industrial training

period prepare students to work as agronomists, farm managers, or agricultural extension officers,

where they can provide guidance and support to farmers and other stakeholders in the

agricultural sector.

7
 CHAPTER TWO

COMPANY OVERVIEW

2.1 HISTORY OF THE COMPANY

Agricare STD Plus Limited, located at Plot 217, Awka Industrial Layout, Awka, Anambra State,

was founded by Mr. Madu Kingsley in the early 2000s. The company was established in

response to the growing need for innovative agricultural solutions in Nigeria. Mr. Kingsley, who

has an extensive background in agronomy and farm management, saw a gap in the market for

high-quality agricultural inputs and services that could help improve the productivity and

sustainability of local farms. His vision was to create an agricultural enterprise that would not

only supply essential farm inputs but also provide technical support and advisory services to

farmers.

The company began as a modest operation, focusing on the distribution of fertilizers, seeds, and

agrochemicals. Over the years, Agricare STD Plus Limited expanded its operations to include

the production of animal feed, pest control products, and agricultural equipment. By continually

evolving and adapting to the needs of the Nigerian agricultural sector, Agricare STD Plus

Limited has grown into a prominent player in the industry, recognized for its commitment to

quality and innovation. The company's success can be attributed to its unwavering dedication to

improving agricultural practices and supporting farmers in achieving higher yields and

profitability.

Agricare STD Plus Limited is now a well-established entity in the Nigerian agricultural sector,

playing a crucial role in bridging the gap between modern agricultural techniques and traditional

farming methods. The company has also forged strong partnerships with international

8
agricultural organizations, allowing it to introduce cutting-edge technologies and practices to

Nigerian farmers. These partnerships have enabled Agricare STD Plus Limited to expand its

product offerings and provide comprehensive agricultural solutions, ranging from seed

development and soil fertility management to pest control and farm mechanization.

2.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY

Agricare STD Plus Limited was founded with the overarching aim of enhancing the productivity

and sustainability of Nigerian agriculture. The company is committed to providing farmers with

the highest quality agricultural inputs, tools, and services, designed to improve crop yields,

reduce losses, and promote environmentally friendly farming practices.

In order to achieve this overarching aim, Agricare STD Plus Limited has set out the following

specific objectives

1. To supply high-quality agricultural inputs: One of the core objectives of the company is to

provide farmers with premium seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides that are scientifically proven to

enhance crop production. By ensuring the availability of reliable and effective inputs, Agricare

STD Plus Limited aims to improve the productivity of farms across Nigeria.

2. To promote sustainable farming practices: The company is dedicated to encouraging farmers

to adopt sustainable agricultural techniques that preserve soil health, minimize the use of harmful

chemicals, and conserve water resources. Agricare STD Plus Limited aims to be at the forefront

of promoting environmentally friendly farming practices in Nigeria.

3. To offer technical support and advisory services: Recognizing that access to high-quality

inputs alone is not sufficient, Agricare STD Plus Limited also provides farmers with technical

support and guidance on best practices in farm management. This includes advice on soil fertility

9
management, pest control strategies, and proper irrigation techniques to ensure that farmers

maximize their returns.

4. To support the mechanization of agriculture: Another key objective of the company is to

promote the mechanization of agriculture in Nigeria by providing farmers with access to modern

farming equipment. This includes tractors, planters, harvesters, and other machinery designed to

reduce the labor intensity of farming and increase efficiency.

5. To contribute to food security: By increasing agricultural productivity and reducing post-

harvest losses, Agricare STD Plus Limited seeks to play an active role in improving food

security in Nigeria. The company’s focus on enhancing both crop and livestock production is

aimed at ensuring that Nigeria can meet its food needs without relying heavily on imports.

6. To foster innovation in agriculture: Agricare STD Plus Limited is committed to fostering

innovation by introducing farmers to the latest advancements in agricultural science and

technology. This includes the development of new seed varieties, the use of precision farming

techniques, and the promotion of biological pest control methods.

2.3 COMPANY ORGANOGRAM

The organizational structure of Agricare STD Plus Limited is designed to ensure the efficient

functioning of its various departments and operations. The company is headed by the Managing

Director, Mr. Madu Kingsley, who oversees all aspects of the business and ensures that the

company’s strategic goals are met. Below him are several key departments, each with its own

leadership and specialized functions:

10
Figure 2.1: Organogram of the company

1. Managing Director (MD): Mr. Madu Kingsley

2. General Manager (GM): Responsible for the overall management of the company’s day-to-

day operations.

3. Operations Manager: Oversees the operational aspects of the company, ensuring that

production and distribution processes run smoothly.

4. Sales and Marketing Manager: Responsible for developing and implementing strategies to

promote the company’s products and services, as well as managing relationships with clients and

distributors.

5. Technical Support and Advisory Team: This team provides farmers with technical assistance,

helping them make informed decisions about crop production and farm management.

11
6. Production Manager: Oversees the production of agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, animal

feed, and pesticides.

7. Research and Development (R&D) Department: Focuses on developing new products and

improving existing ones to ensure that Agricare STD Plus Limited remains at the cutting edge of

agricultural technology.

8. Human Resources (HR) Department: Manages the company’s workforce, ensuring that all

employees are adequately trained and motivated to perform their duties effectively.

9. Finance and Accounts Department: Responsible for managing the company’s financial

resources, budgeting, and ensuring compliance with financial regulations.

10. Safety and Compliance Team: Ensures that the company adheres to all safety regulations and

that its operations do not pose a risk to employees or the environment.

2.4 DEPARTMENTS AND FUNCTIONS

Agricare STD Plus Limited is divided into several departments, each with a specific set of

functions that contribute to the overall success of the company.

The primary departments and their functions are outlined below

1. Operations Department: The operations department is responsible for overseeing all aspects of

the company's production and distribution processes. This includes managing the supply chain,

ensuring that raw materials are available for production, and coordinating the distribution of

finished products to customers.

2. Sales and Marketing Department: This department focuses on promoting the company’s

products and services to potential clients. The sales and marketing team is tasked with

12
developing marketing strategies, conducting market research, and maintaining relationships with

distributors and clients.

3. Research and Development Department (R&D): The R&D department is critical to Agricare

STD Plus Limited’s mission of fostering innovation in agriculture. The department conducts

research on new agricultural techniques, develops new seed varieties, and works to improve the

efficiency and effectiveness of the company’s products.

4. Technical Support and Advisory Department: This department plays a crucial role in

providing farmers with the guidance they need to optimize their farming practices. The technical

support team offers advice on a wide range of topics, including soil management, pest control,

and irrigation systems.

5. Finance and Accounts Department: This department manages all financial aspects of the

business, including budgeting, payroll, and financial reporting. The finance team ensures that the

company remains financially stable and compliant with all relevant regulations.

6. Human Resources Department: The HR department is responsible for managing the

company’s workforce. This includes recruiting new employees, providing training and

development opportunities, and ensuring that employees are motivated and engaged in their

work.

7. Safety and Compliance Department: Safety is a top priority at Agricare STD Plus Limited, and

this department ensures that all operations are conducted in a safe and environmentally friendly

manner. The team is responsible for enforcing safety regulations, conducting regular safety

audits, and ensuring compliance with environmental laws.

13
2.5 PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Agricare STD Plus Limited offers a wide range of products and services aimed at improving

agricultural productivity and sustainability.

The company’s product offerings include

1. Fertilizers: Agricare STD Plus Limited produces and distributes a variety of fertilizers

designed to improve soil fertility and promote healthy crop growth. These fertilizers are tailored

to meet the specific needs of different crops and soil types.

2. Seeds: The company provides farmers with high-quality seeds that have been bred to produce

higher yields, resist pests and diseases, and adapt to local environmental conditions. Agricare

STD Plus Limited offers seeds for a wide range of crops, including maize, rice, vegetables, and

legumes.

3. Animal Feed: Agricare STD Plus Limited produces animal feed that is formulated to meet the

nutritional needs of livestock. The company’s feed products are designed to promote healthy

growth and improve the overall productivity of livestock farms.

4. Pesticides and Herbicides: The company offers a range of pesticides and herbicides that help

farmers control pests and weeds, ensuring that their crops remain healthy and productive. These

products are developed using environmentally friendly formulations that minimize harm to non-

target organisms.

5. Agricultural Equipment: Agricare STD Plus Limited supplies modern farming equipment,

including tractors, planters, and harvesters. These tools help farmers improve the efficiency of

their operations and reduce the labor required for farming activities.

14
6. Technical Support Services: In addition to its product offerings, Agricare STD Plus Limited

provides farmers with technical support services. This includes on-site farm visits, soil testing,

and personalized advice on crop management and pest control.

2.6 SAFETY MEASURES

At Agricare STD Plus Limited, safety is of paramount importance. The company has

implemented a comprehensive safety program designed to protect its employees, customers, and

the environment.

Some of the key safety measures in place include

1. Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): All employees are required to wear appropriate

PPE, such as gloves, helmets, and protective clothing, when handling hazardous materials or

operating machinery.

2. Safety Training: Agricare STD Plus Limited provides regular safety training sessions for all

employees to ensure that they are aware of potential hazards and know how to respond in the

event of an emergency.

3. Regular Safety Audits: The company conducts regular safety audits to identify potential risks

and ensure that all safety protocols are being followed.

4. Emergency Response Plan: Agricare STD Plus Limited has developed an emergency response

plan that outlines procedures for dealing with accidents, spills, and other emergencies.

5. Environmental Compliance: The company is committed to minimizing its environmental

impact and complies with all relevant environmental regulations. This includes proper waste

disposal, pollution prevention, and the use of environmentally friendly products.

15
Figure 2.2: Some Safety protective equipment

2.7 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Agricare STD Plus Limited relies on a wide range of tools and equipment to carry out its

operations efficiently. The company invests in modern agricultural machinery and tools to ensure

that it can meet the needs of its customers.

Some of the key tools and equipment used by the company include

1. Tractors: Agricare STD Plus Limited uses tractors for a variety of farming tasks, including

plowing, planting, and harvesting.

16
Figure 2.3: A Tractor at work

2. Planters: The company uses mechanical planters to ensure that seeds are planted at the correct

depth and spacing, maximizing crop yields.

Figure 2.4: A planter

3. Harvesters: Agricare STD Plus Limited employs modern harvesters to efficiently harvest

crops, reducing the amount of labor required and minimizing post-harvest losses.

17
Figure 2.5: An Harvester

4. Sprayers: The company uses sprayers to apply pesticides and herbicides to crops, ensuring that

pests and weeds are effectively controlled.

Figure 2.6: A sprayer at work

5. Soil Testing Kits: Agricare STD Plus Limited uses soil testing kits to analyze soil fertility and

recommend appropriate fertilizers and soil amendments.

18
Figure 2.7: Soil Testing kit

6. Irrigation Equipment: The company provides farmers with irrigation equipment, including

drip irrigation systems, to help them conserve water and ensure that their crops receive adequate

moisture.

Figure 2.8: 3 lines Drip irrigation Kit

19
 CHAPTER THREE

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN AGRONOMY SECTION

During my time at Agricare STD Plus Limited, I was involved in a variety of agronomic

activities directly related to Crop Science Technology. This section details each specific activity,

covering both routine practices and specialized tasks I performed, learned about, or observed.

My training included hands-on experiences, practical demonstrations, and discussions with

experienced agronomists, providing me with in-depth knowledge of crop management practices.

3.1 Soil Preparation and Tillage Practices

I was first introduced to soil preparation, a critical foundation in crop production aimed at

creating the ideal soil environment for seeds and roots to grow. The training focused on

understanding the structure, composition, and moisture-holding capacity of soil. I learned about

soil fertility, the importance of organic matter, and the need for well-drained and aerated soils for

optimal root development.

During my training, I was taught about various tillage practices, including primary and

secondary tillage, which are essential for preparing the land before planting. Primary tillage

involves breaking down soil structure using plows and harrows, while secondary tillage focuses

on refining the soil to create a fine seedbed. I observed and practiced using different equipment,

such as moldboard plows, disc harrows, and rotary tillers. I learned how each piece of equipment

affects soil properties and how the timing of tillage can impact soil moisture retention and weed

control.

20
As part of soil preparation, I participated in activities that involved adding soil amendments to

improve fertility. This included the application of organic matter, such as compost and green

manure, and chemical fertilizers based on soil test results. I learned to assess soil nutrient

deficiencies and observed agronomists as they calculated appropriate fertilizer application rates

to avoid over-fertilization, which can harm crops and the environment. I also learned about the

importance of pH in soil fertility and how to correct pH imbalances using lime or sulfur.

3.2 Seed Selection and Planting Methods

I was introduced to the concept of seed selection, which is crucial in determining the quality and

yield of crops. At Agricare STD Plus Limited, I learned about the importance of choosing seeds

that are disease-resistant, high-yielding, and suited to the local climate and soil conditions. We

reviewed catalogs of certified seeds and discussed the characteristics of different varieties for

crops like maize, tomatoes, and vegetables.

Before planting, we conducted seed germination tests to assess seed viability. I learned how to

set up a germination trial by placing seeds in petri dishes or soil trays, monitoring moisture levels,

and recording germination rates. This test helped in determining the potential yield and ensuring

that only viable seeds were planted. The experience highlighted the importance of using quality

seeds to achieve optimal crop performance.

I observed and practiced various planting methods, including direct seeding and transplanting. In

direct seeding, seeds are sown directly into the field using a seeder or by hand. I also learned

about transplanting, where seedlings are grown in nursery beds and later transferred to the field.

This technique is common for crops with longer growth periods, like tomatoes and peppers. I

21
became familiar with the use of mechanical planters, which are efficient for large-scale planting

and ensure uniform spacing and depth, critical for uniform crop growth.

Proper spacing between plants and rows is crucial for maximizing sunlight exposure and airflow,

reducing competition for nutrients, and controlling pests and diseases. I was introduced to the

importance of spacing and how row orientation affects photosynthesis. Agronomists emphasized

that planting in rows oriented in a north-south direction can maximize sunlight exposure. I

practiced measuring and marking out rows for planting, ensuring each row was straight and

evenly spaced for optimal crop growth.

3.3 Crop Maintenance: Weed, Pest, and Disease Management

I learned about the detrimental effects of weeds on crop yield and quality, as they compete with

crops for light, nutrients, and water. Agricare STD Plus Limited employed both manual and

chemical weed control methods. I observed and participated in manual weeding, using hand tools

like hoes and machetes to remove weeds from rows and around plants. I also learned about

chemical weed control, involving the application of selective and non-selective herbicides. I was

trained to identify common weeds in the area and understand the importance of timing in

herbicide application to prevent weed resistance.

Pest control is essential for maintaining crop health and maximizing yield. I was introduced to

Integrated Pest Management (IPM), an environmentally friendly approach that combines

biological, cultural, and chemical methods. I learned about monitoring pest populations using

traps and visual inspections. I also observed the release of beneficial insects, such as ladybugs,

which help control aphid populations. I was trained in the safe use of pesticides, including

22
calculating application rates, mixing chemicals, and using protective gear to ensure personal

safety and environmental protection.

Disease management was another significant aspect of crop maintenance. I learned to identify

common crop diseases, such as fungal infections in tomatoes and bacterial wilt in peppers.

During field inspections, we monitored plants for early signs of disease, such as wilting,

yellowing, and lesions. I observed the application of fungicides and bactericides and was taught

about the importance of rotating crops to break disease cycles. Additionally, I learned about

sanitation practices, like removing infected plant residues and disinfecting tools, to reduce the

spread of pathogens.

3.4 Irrigation and Water Management

Water management is vital in crop production, especially during dry spells. I was introduced to

various irrigation systems, including drip, sprinkler, and flood irrigation, and learned how each

method affects crop growth. Drip irrigation, for example, delivers water directly to the plant

roots, reducing water waste and minimizing weed growth. Sprinkler systems, on the other hand,

simulate rainfall, which is beneficial for larger fields.

Proper irrigation scheduling is critical to avoid over- or under-watering, both of which can harm

crops. I was taught to monitor soil moisture using simple techniques, such as inserting a moisture

meter into the soil. We also observed soil conditions visually and by feel, learning to distinguish

between dry, moist, and waterlogged soil. This experience emphasized the importance of

tailoring irrigation schedules to crop needs and environmental conditions.

To promote sustainable water use, I was introduced to water conservation techniques, such as

mulching and rainwater harvesting. Mulching involves covering the soil surface with organic or

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synthetic materials to reduce evaporation, conserve soil moisture, and suppress weed growth.

Rainwater harvesting, where rain is collected and stored for later use, was another technique we

practiced to supplement water supply during dry periods.

3.5 Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling

Understanding when crops are ready for harvest is essential for maintaining quality and

maximizing yield. I was trained to recognize signs of maturity in different crops. For example, in

maize, harvest readiness is indicated by the drying of the husk and browning of silk. In tomatoes,

the color change from green to red signals maturity. Observing and practicing these assessments

helped me appreciate the timing of harvest to prevent loss of quality and market value.

I practiced various harvesting techniques, using tools such as sickles for cutting maize stalks and

clippers for picking fruits and vegetables. In certain cases, mechanized harvesters were used,

which increase efficiency and reduce labor. I learned the importance of handling crops gently to

avoid bruising, which can reduce shelf life and marketability.

After harvesting, I was involved in post-harvest handling processes designed to reduce spoilage

and maintain quality. This included sorting, grading, and packaging crops. I observed the use of

cold storage facilities for perishable crops, such as tomatoes, which helps to extend shelf life.

Proper ventilation and humidity control were emphasized, as they are crucial for preventing mold

growth and preserving crop quality. Additionally, I participated in drying and curing procedures

for crops like maize, which help to reduce moisture content and prevent fungal growth during

storage.

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3.6 Record Keeping and Data Management

Accurate record keeping is vital for tracking crop performance, input usage, and overall farm

productivity. I was introduced to the practice of maintaining detailed records for each crop,

including planting dates, input applications, pest and disease occurrences, and yields. This data is

essential for evaluating the effectiveness of different management practices and making

informed decisions for future planting seasons.

Agricare STD Plus Limited utilizes farm management software to streamline data collection and

analysis. I learned to input data into the software, which helps in tracking input costs, labor

expenses, and crop yields. This experience underscored the role of technology in modern

agriculture and how data-driven decisions can enhance farm profitability.

3.7 Field Visits and Farmer Training

Field visits were an integral part of my training, allowing me to observe real-world applications

of agronomic practices on various farms. During these visits, I interacted with farmers, discussed

their challenges, and observed different approaches to crop management. These experiences

deepened my understanding of the practical implications of agronomy and the diverse conditions

faced by farmers.

Agricare STD Plus Limited often conducts training sessions for local farmers to share knowledge

on best practices. I assisted in organizing and facilitating these sessions, which covered topics

such as soil fertility, pest control, and water management. Engaging with farmers helped me

develop communication skills and gain insights into the importance of knowledge transfer in

enhancing agricultural productivity.

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3.8 Fertilization and Nutrient Management

In my role, I was introduced to the foundational concepts of fertilization, an essential aspect of

crop growth that supports the productivity, quality, and health of plants. Through hands-on

experience, I learned the role of primary nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium

(K) alongside secondary and micronutrients like calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and trace elements

such as iron, manganese, and zinc. Fertilization at Agricare STD Plus Limited was carefully

planned based on soil and crop needs, ensuring that nutrient applications were both effective and

environmentally responsible.

I participated in soil testing procedures to determine nutrient availability and deficiencies. Using

soil sampling techniques, I learned to collect representative soil samples from different parts of

the field, which were sent to a laboratory for analysis. Results from these tests provided essential

data on soil pH, organic matter, and nutrient content. Based on these findings, I observed how

nutrient management plans were formulated, focusing on the needs of each crop type and the

specific field conditions.

I was introduced to a variety of fertilizer application techniques, including broadcasting, side-

dressing, foliar application, and fertigation. Each technique has its specific purpose depending on

the crop type, growth stage, and nutrient requirements. Broadcasting involves spreading fertilizer

over the field, usually before planting, to ensure even distribution. Side-dressing, on the other

hand, involves applying fertilizers close to growing plants to provide nutrients during critical

growth stages. I also observed the process of foliar feeding, where nutrients were applied directly

to the leaves, allowing for quicker nutrient uptake, especially for micronutrients. Fertigation,

which combines irrigation and fertilization, was demonstrated to me as a method of delivering

nutrients through the irrigation system, ensuring precise application and reducing nutrient waste.

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Agricare STD Plus Limited emphasized the balanced use of both organic and inorganic

fertilizers to promote soil health and crop productivity. Organic fertilizers, such as compost and

manure, add organic matter to the soil, improving its structure, water retention, and microbial

activity. I helped prepare and apply compost and observed its effects on the soil over time.

Inorganic fertilizers, on the other hand, provide specific nutrient quantities, which are critical for

high-yielding crops. I learned about the advantages and disadvantages of each type and the

importance of using them in combination to achieve sustainable soil fertility and crop yield.

3.9 Crop Rotation and Crop Diversity Management

Crop rotation, the practice of planting different types of crops in the same area in sequential

seasons, was a significant focus of my training. I learned that rotating crops helps improve soil

structure, balance nutrient levels, reduce pest and disease build-up, and control weeds. At

Agricare STD Plus Limited, rotation schedules were carefully planned to include a mix of

cereals, legumes, and root crops, which balance nitrogen levels and minimize pest and disease

pressure.

I observed the use of legumes, such as beans and peas, in rotation schedules to improve soil

nitrogen content naturally. Legumes have the unique ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the

soil through a symbiotic relationship with rhizobium bacteria in their root nodules. I assisted in

preparing and planting legume crops as part of the rotation cycle, witnessing the benefits they

brought to subsequent crops in terms of soil fertility. I also learned how to manage legume

residues, incorporating them back into the soil to maximize organic matter and nutrient

contribution.

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Crop rotation effectively breaks pest and disease cycles, as certain pests and pathogens are crop-

specific and struggle to survive without a continuous host. I observed the benefits of rotation in

fields previously affected by root-knot nematodes, which are common pests in vegetable crops.

By rotating with non-host crops, such as cereals, the pest population in the soil decreased

significantly. This approach reduced the need for chemical pesticides, aligning with the

company's goal of sustainable pest control.

In addition to rotation, Agricare STD Plus Limited also employed intercropping practices, where

two or more crops are grown in proximity. I participated in planning and implementing

intercropping arrangements, where we paired crops like maize and beans. This practice not only

enhanced soil health but also optimized space, increased biodiversity, and provided a natural pest

deterrent. I observed how crop diversity contributes to a balanced ecosystem, encouraging the

presence of beneficial insects that naturally control pest populations.

3.10 Harvesting and Yield Evaluation

As crops neared maturity, I was introduced to the preparatory steps involved in harvesting. We

conducted crop maturity assessments, identifying signs of ripeness in crops like maize and

tomatoes. Maturity indicators for each crop vary; for maize, it includes kernel hardness and dry

husk, while tomatoes show color changes from green to red. Proper timing of the harvest is

crucial to ensure maximum quality and yield, so learning to evaluate readiness was an essential

skill.

Agricare STD Plus Limited employs both manual and mechanized harvesting methods. I was

trained to handle tools like sickles and clippers for manual harvesting of crops like tomatoes,

peppers, and leafy greens. For larger-scale operations, I observed the use of mechanized

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harvesters, which increase efficiency and reduce labor demands. Learning about both methods

helped me understand the importance of choosing the appropriate harvesting technique based on

crop type, scale, and market demand.

After harvesting, crops undergo sorting, grading, and packing to ensure only high-quality

produce reaches the market. I assisted in sorting harvested crops based on size, color, and quality,

which are critical factors in market value. Grading standards varied depending on crop type and

customer requirements. The process taught me the importance of maintaining high standards to

meet consumer expectations and prevent market rejections. Proper handling during sorting and

packaging was emphasized to avoid bruising, which can lead to spoilage.

Storage methods were another critical aspect of post-harvest handling. Perishable crops like

tomatoes were stored in cold rooms to extend their shelf life, while grains such as maize were

dried to reduce moisture content before storage. I learned about different storage facilities,

including ventilated storage rooms and coolers, designed to maintain product quality and prevent

spoilage. Monitoring temperature and humidity levels was crucial, as these factors directly affect

the longevity of stored crops.

At Agricare STD Plus Limited, detailed records of crop yields are maintained to assess the

success of each planting season. I participated in yield data collection, recording information on

production volume, area harvested, and average yield per hectare. This data is vital for

evaluating the effectiveness of crop management practices and identifying areas for

improvement. Record keeping also plays a role in financial planning, allowing the company to

forecast production costs and revenue accurately. My involvement in yield analysis reinforced

the importance of data-driven decision-making in agriculture.

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As part of my exposure to the agronomy section, I gained insights into the company's sales and

marketing strategies. I observed how yield data and market demand influenced pricing, supply

chain decisions, and customer outreach. Understanding the market side of agriculture was

valuable, as it highlighted the importance of aligning production with consumer needs and

maintaining consistent quality to build a loyal customer base.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

EXPERIENCE GAINED

During my internship at Agricare STD Plus Limited, specializing in agronomy, I had the

opportunity to acquire extensive hands-on experience and build a solid foundation in crop

science applications. This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of the skills, knowledge, and

techniques I developed throughout my time at the company. The focus areas included crop

management practices, soil fertility assessment, pest and disease control, precision farming

techniques, and sustainable agriculture practices. Each section below outlines specific

experiences that not only enhanced my technical skills but also broadened my understanding of

agronomic principles.

4.1 Crop Management Practices

A key component of my training at Agricare STD Plus Limited involved an immersion in crop

management practices, a cornerstone of successful agronomy. I learned the step-by-step process

of managing various crop types, from planting to harvest. My experiences encompassed:

Land Preparation Techniques: I learned the importance of thorough land preparation for optimal

crop yields, including plowing, leveling, and ensuring appropriate soil structure. I participated in

demonstrations on equipment usage for land preparation, which helped me understand how

different soil types respond to specific tillage methods.

Planting Techniques: I observed and practiced diverse planting methods suited to different crop

types, particularly focusing on spacing, depth, and seed placement to maximize germination rates

and ensure uniform crop stands.

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Irrigation Management: Understanding and implementing irrigation methods was crucial. I

gained exposure to various irrigation systems, including drip and sprinkler systems, and learned

how to assess water requirements based on soil type, crop stage, and climatic conditions.

This experience taught me that each crop type has unique management needs, and tailoring

practices to specific crops can substantially improve overall productivity.

4.2 Soil Fertility Assessment and Management

Agronomy depends heavily on soil health, and Agricare provided me with a practical approach

to soil fertility assessment. Under the guidance of experienced agronomists, I learned techniques

for evaluating soil fertility and managing nutrient levels to optimize crop health and yield.

Soil Sampling and Analysis: I engaged in soil sampling exercises, learning to collect

representative soil samples from different fields and analyze them for nutrient levels, pH, and

organic matter content. I gained experience using soil test kits and understanding lab results,

which informed decisions about fertilizer applications.

Fertilizer Application: Based on soil test results, I was trained on the proper selection, timing,

and application rates of fertilizers. I learned about different fertilizers, both organic and inorganic,

and how to apply them effectively to minimize nutrient loss and prevent soil degradation.

Soil Amendments: I gained insights into various soil amendment practices, such as lime

application for pH correction and organic amendments to improve soil structure and water

retention.

Through these practices, I recognized the importance of regular soil assessments and nutrient

management in sustaining soil productivity and supporting healthy crop growth.

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4.3 Pest and Disease Control Management

Effective pest and disease control is essential in agronomy, and I had the opportunity to develop

skills in identifying and managing crop threats. Working with experienced pest control

specialists, I acquired hands-on knowledge about common pest and disease issues affecting crops

and best practices for addressing these challenges.

Pest Identification and Monitoring: I learned how to identify different pests that affect key crops,

understanding their life cycles, and their economic impact on yield. I participated in pest

monitoring, helping track pest populations through field scouting and using traps to assess the

need for intervention.

Biological Control Methods: Agricare emphasized integrated pest management (IPM)

approaches, where I gained exposure to biological control methods. I worked with natural

predators and beneficial insects to control pests, promoting eco-friendly pest management.

Chemical Control and Safety: In cases where biological controls were insufficient, I was

introduced to chemical pest control methods. I learned about pesticide selection, dosage, and the

importance of using personal protective equipment (PPE) to ensure safety. My training also

covered proper application techniques and adherence to re-entry intervals to minimize health

risks and environmental impacts.

The experience strengthened my understanding of the significance of pest control management

and the impact it has on crop productivity and farm economics.

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4.4 Precision Farming Techniques

The role of technology in agriculture has expanded with the advent of precision farming, and

Agricare provided valuable exposure to these techniques. I learned to apply technology-driven

methods that enhance productivity while minimizing resource waste.

GPS and GIS Applications: I was trained on the use of GPS and GIS systems to map fields,

monitor crop health, and manage farm activities more efficiently. Through GIS mapping, I

gained insights into how spatial data helps in making informed decisions about soil health,

planting density, and crop management practices.

Remote Sensing for Crop Monitoring: Using drone imagery and remote sensing technologies, I

learned how to monitor crop health, detect nutrient deficiencies, and identify pest or disease

issues at early stages. This exposure underscored the value of technology in timely problem

detection and intervention.

Variable Rate Application (VRA): I learned the principle of VRA, where input applications (like

fertilizers and pesticides) vary according to field requirements. With guidance, I observed and

helped apply VRA in trial plots, seeing firsthand how this practice reduces costs and minimizes

environmental impact.

My training in precision farming emphasized the efficiency of these practices in modern

agronomy, helping farmers make data-informed decisions and sustainably increase crop yields.

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4.5 Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Sustainability is central to modern agronomy, and my experience at Agricare reinforced the

importance of environmentally responsible practices. I learned about sustainable farming

practices and their impact on crop productivity, ecosystem health, and community well-being.

Crop Rotation and Diversification: I was involved in planning and executing crop rotation

schemes, understanding how rotating crops helps reduce soil nutrient depletion and prevents the

buildup of pests and diseases.

Conservation Agriculture: Agricare encouraged conservation agriculture practices such as

minimal tillage, cover cropping, and agroforestry. I assisted in setting up cover crop trials,

learning how cover crops protect the soil from erosion, improve water retention, and support

beneficial insects.

Organic Farming Techniques: My experience also included exposure to organic farming

techniques that reduce reliance on chemical inputs. This involved learning to use organic

fertilizers, composting, and implementing natural pest control methods.

Through these experiences, I recognized that sustainable practices are not only beneficial for the

environment but also enhance the long-term productivity and resilience of farming systems.

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 CHAPTER FIVE

CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION(S)

5.1 Challenges Encountered

During my internship at Agricare STD Plus Limited, I faced several challenges that tested my

adaptability and patience but ultimately helped me grow.

i. Weather Conditions: Unpredictable weather was a significant challenge. Sudden rains or

high temperatures affected our work schedule and the condition of crops. I learned the

importance of checking weather forecasts and being flexible with tasks.

ii. Long Working Hours: Agronomy work often requires long hours in the field, which was

tiring and physically demanding. Adjusting to this routine was challenging, but it helped me

build endurance and appreciate the hard work involved in farming.

iii. Complex Equipment: Some of the tools and machinery were difficult to handle at first.

Learning how to operate and maintain these machines took time, and I needed help from

experienced staff. Over time, I became more comfortable and learned the value of patience

in mastering new skills.

iv. Pest and Disease Control: Identifying pests and diseases accurately was challenging,

especially since they can vary widely. I had to learn to recognize even subtle signs and

understand the best treatments, which was difficult at first but became easier with practice.

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These challenges taught me the importance of resilience, adaptability, and teamwork in

agronomy.

5.2 Conclusion

In conclusion, my internship at Agricare STD Plus Limited was a valuable learning experience. I

gained practical skills in crop management, soil assessment, pest control, and sustainable

farming practices. Working alongside experienced agronomists allowed me to apply my

classroom knowledge to real-world situations and understand the daily operations of a farming

business. This experience not only improved my technical skills but also deepened my

understanding of the effort that goes into food production and sustainability.

5.3 Recommendations

Based on my experience, I would recommend the following:

i. Better Weather Monitoring Tools: Providing weather monitoring tools or alerts could help

plan workdays better, reducing the disruption caused by sudden weather changes.

ii. Training on Equipment: Offering basic training on equipment operation for new interns

would help them get comfortable with the tools sooner.

iii. Additional Pest and Disease Training: More practical training on pest and disease

identification would be beneficial, allowing interns to be more confident in diagnosing and

treating crop issues.

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