FALGUNI MISS

01. DEFINITIONS (231) (2023 – 2024).

01. PERIODIC PROPERTIES & VARIATIONS.

1. Actinide series: Actinide series are radioactive elements of period 7

present at the bottom of the periodic table.
2. Atomic number: Atomic number of an element is equal to the no. of
protons in the nucleus of an atom.
3. Atomic size / Atomic radius: Atomic radius is the distance between the
center of the nucleus and the outer most shell of an atom.
4. Bridge elements: Bridge elements are elements which show similarities
in properties diagonally with the period of the next group.
5. Electro negativity / Non-metallic character: Electronegativity is the
tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself when combined in a
compound.
6. Electro positivity / Metallic character: Electropositivity is the tendency
of an atom to loose electrons from itself when combined in a
compound.
7. Electron affinity: Electron affinity is the amount of energy released
when an atom in the gaseous state accepts an electron to form an
anion.
8. Group Number: Group number signifies the number of valence electrons
of an element.
9. Groups: Groups are the vertical columns of the periodic table.
[Link] elements: Heavy elements are elements whose atomic number is
more than 82.
[Link] Transition elements: Inner transition elements are elements
which are present in two horizontal rows (Period 6 and 7) at the bottom
of the periodic table.
[Link] Potential: Ionization potential is the amount of energy
required to remove an electron from the outer most shell of an isolated
gaseous atom.
[Link] series: Lanthanide series are rare earth elements of period 6
present at the bottom of the periodic table.

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[Link] elements: Light elements are elements whose atomic number is
less than 82.
[Link] elements: Metallic elements are elements having 1, 2 or 3
valence electrons and can easily loose them to become positively
charged ions (cations) in a chemical reaction.
[Link] character: Metallic character is the tendency of an atom to
loose electrons from itself when combined in a compound.
[Link] Gases: Noble gases are inert, unreactive elements with stable
electronic configuration.
[Link]-metallic elements: Non-metallic elements are elements having 4, 5,
6 or 7 valence electrons and can easily gain 4, 3, 2 or 1 valence electrons
to become negatively charged ions (anions) in a chemical reaction.
[Link] – metallic character: Non – metallic character is the tendency of an
atom to attract electrons to itself when combined in a compound.
[Link] elements: Normal elements are elements with all inner orbits
complete with electrons.
[Link] charge: Nuclear charge is the positive charge on the nucleus of
an atom which is equivalent to the atomic number of an element.
[Link] Numbers: Period numbers signifies the number of electron shells
of an element.
[Link] properties: Periodic properties are the properties of an element
which repeat itself at regular interval.
[Link]: Periodicity is a phenomenon in which similar properties of
elements appears at regular intervals, when the elements are arranged
in a table.
[Link]: Periods are the horizontal rows of the periodic table.
[Link] elements: Stable elements are light elements having a neutron:
proton ratio around 1.
[Link] Mendeleev’s Periodic law: “The properties of elements are periodic
functions of their atomic weights”.
[Link] Mendeleev’s Periodic Table: The Mendeleev’s Periodic Table is the
arrangement of elements in the table form by sir Mendeleev.
[Link] Modern Periodic Law: “The properties of elements are periodic
functions of their atomic numbers.”

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[Link] Modern Periodic Table: The Modern Periodic Table is the
arrangement of elements in a modified table by Sir Mosely.
[Link] elements: Transition elements are heavy metals having their
inner orbits incomplete with electrons.
[Link]: Triads is the arrangement of the elements in groups of three.
[Link]/Radioactive elements: Unstable or radioactive elements are
heavy elements with a neutron: proton ratio above 1.5.

02. CHEMICAL BONDING.

[Link]: Atom is the smallest particle of an element which is chemically

active and electrically neutral.
[Link] Bond: Chemical bond is the linkage or force which acts
between two or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule.
[Link] bonding: Chemical bonding is the process of formation of a
chemical bond.
[Link]-ordinate polar covalent bond (dative or co ionic): Co-ordinate polar
covalent bond is a type of chemical bond formed by shared pair of
electrons with both electrons coming from one of the combining atom.
[Link]-ordinate polar covalent compound: Co-ordinate polar covalent
compound is a chemical compound formed by shared pair of electrons
with both electrons coming from the same atom.
[Link]: Covalency is a property of an atom in which it shares
electron pairs with one or more atoms of same or different elements, to
achieve a stable electronic configuration.
[Link]/ non-ionic compound: Covalent compound is a chemical
compound formed due to mutual sharing of electrons between two or
more atoms of non-metallic elements.
[Link]/non-ionic bond: Covalent bond is a chemical bond formed due
to mutual sharing of electrons between two or more atoms of non –
metallic elements.
[Link]: Electrovalency is a property of an atom in which it
donates or accepts the electrons from one or more atoms of same or
different elements, to achieve a stable electronic configuration.

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[Link]/ionic bond: Electrovalent or ionic bond is a chemical bond
formed between two atoms by transfer of one or more electrons from
an electropositive (metallic) atom to an electronegative (non-metallic)
atom.
[Link]/ionic Compound: Electrovalent or ionic Compound is a
chemical compound formed as a result of transfer of one or more
electrons from an electropositive atom (metallic) to an electronegative
(non-metallic) atom.
[Link]: Ions are chemically inactive and electrically charged particles.
[Link] pair of electrons: Lone pair of electrons is a pair of electrons of an
atom, in a polar covalent compound, which are not shared with any
other atom.
[Link]: Molecule is the smallest particle of a compound which is
made up of atoms of same or different elements.
[Link] – polar covalent compound: Non polar covalent compound is a
chemical compound which has equally distributed shared pair of
electrons between the combining atoms.
[Link]: Oxidation is a process in which oxygen is added, hydrogen is
removed and an atom or an ion loses electrons. (LO)
[Link] covalent compound: Polar covalent compound is a chemical
compound which has unequally distributed shared pair of electrons
between the combining atoms.
[Link] reaction: Redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which oxidation
and reduction occurs simultaneously.
[Link]: Reduction is a process in which hydrogen is added, oxygen is
removed and an atom or ion gains electrons. (GR)
[Link] pair of electrons: Shared pair of electrons are the electrons that
share the orbit of both the combining atoms.

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03. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS.

[Link] base indicators: Acid base indicators are complex compounds

which indicates whether a solution is acidic or alkaline by giving one type
of colour, but cannot determine its strength.
[Link] Rain: Acid rain refers to rain or any precipitation in the form of
snow or fog which is acidic in nature (pH < 5.6). OR Acid rain is a complex
mixture of sulphuric acid along with sulphurous acid and nitric acid along
with nitrous acid.
[Link] salt: Acid salt is a type of salt formed by partial replacement of the
replaceable hydrogen ion of an acid molecule by a basic radical.
[Link] of Bases: Acidity of bases is the measure of no. of hydroxyl ions
[OH-] which can be produced per molecule of the base in its aqueous state.
OR The no. of hydrogen ions with which a molecule of a base combines.
[Link]: Acid is a compound which when dissolved in water yields
hydronium ions [H3O+] as the only cation.
[Link] (Soluble base): An alkali is a base, which dissolves in water.
[Link] Theory: Arrhenius Theory states that acids dissociate in
aqueous solution to give H+ ions, wherein strong acids dissociate
completely, whereas weak acids dissociate partially.
[Link]: Bases is a compound which reacts with hydronium ions of an acid
to give salt and water as the only compound.
[Link] salt: Basic salt is a salt formed by partial replacement of hydroxyl
ion of a base with an acid radical.
[Link] of Acids: Basicity of acids is a measure of no. of hydrogen ions
[H+] which can be produced per molecule of an acid in its aqueous state.
OR The no. of hydroxyl ions with which a molecule of an acid combines.
[Link] salt: Complex salt is a salt formed by mixing saturated solutions
of simple salts followed by its crystallization.
[Link] acid: Concentrated acid is an acid having relatively higher
percentage of an acid in its aqueous solution.
[Link] alkali: Concentrated alkali is an alkali having relatively
higher percentage of alkali in its aqueous solution.
[Link] salts: Deliquescent salts are salts which on exposure to the
atmosphere, absorbs moisture, dissolves in the same and changes into a
solution.

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[Link]: Deliquescence is the property of salts to absorbs
moisture on exposure to the atmosphere, dissolves in the same and
changes into a solution.
[Link] acidic base: Di acidic base is a base which ionizes in aqueous state to
produce two hydroxyl ions per molecule of the base. OR It contains two
replaceable hydroxyl ions per molecule of the base.
[Link] acid: Diabasic acid is an acid which ionizes in aqueous state to
produce two hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid. OR It contains two
replaceable hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid.
[Link] acid: Dilute acid is an acid having relatively lower percentage of
acid in its aqueous solution.
[Link] alkali: Dilute alkali is an alkali having relatively lower percentage
of alkali in its aqueous solution.
[Link] Combination Method: Direct combination is a method of
preparing soluble and insoluble salts by the directly combining metallic
and non-metallic elements.
[Link] Reaction Method: Displacement Reaction method is the
method of preparing soluble salts by reacting metals with dilute acids.
[Link] Decomposition Method: Double Decomposition is the method
of preparing soluble salts, by reacting soluble or insoluble salts of any
metals [except K+, Na+, NH+] with dilute acid.
[Link] salt: Double salt is a salt formed by mixing saturated solutions of
two simple salts.
[Link] salts: Efflorescent salts are crystalline salts which on
exposure to the atmosphere, lose their water of crystallization and
changes into powder.
[Link]: Efflorescence is the property of crystalline salts to lose
their water of crystallization on exposure to the atmosphere and
changes into powder.
[Link] acids: Hydra acids are acids containing hydrogen and a non-
metallic element other than oxygen.
[Link] of Salts: Hydrolysis is a process in which a salt when added to
water dissociates to form respective acids and alkalis.
[Link] compounds: Hygroscopic compounds are compounds
which absorbs moisture on exposure to the atmosphere, but does not
dissolve in the same are hygroscopic compounds.

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[Link]: Hygroscopy is the property of compounds to absorbs
moisture on exposure to the atmosphere but not dissolve in the same.
[Link]: Indicators are weak organic compounds [acids/bases] which
change colour in accordance with the pH of the solution.
[Link] Acids: Inorganic acids are acids derived from minerals [mineral
acids].
[Link] base: Insoluble base is a base, which does not dissolve in water.
[Link] Bronsted Theory: Lowry Bronsted Theory states that acids are
proton donors while bases are proton acceptors in aqueous state.
[Link] salt: Mixed salt is a salt which contains 2 or more basic or acid
radicals in its molecule.
[Link] base: Monoacidic base is a base which ionizes in aqueous
state to produce one hydroxyl ion per molecule of the base. OR It
contains one replaceable hydroxyl ion per molecule of the base.
[Link] acid: Monobasic acid is an acid which ionizes in aqueous
state to produce one hydrogen ion per molecule of the acid. OR It
contains one replaceable hydrogen ion per molecule of an acid.
[Link] Reaction: Neutralization Reaction is a reaction in which
acids and bases reacts together, to form salt and water as the only
compound.
[Link]: Neutralization is the process in which hydrogen (H+) ions
of an acid combines with hydroxyl (OH-) ions of a base to give salt &
water only.
[Link] salt: Normal salt is a salt formed by complete replacement of
the replaceable hydrogen ion of an acid molecule by a basic radical.
[Link] Acids: Organic acids are acids derived from plants.
[Link] acids: Oxy acids are acids containing hydrogen and oxygen along
with another element.
[Link] scale: pH scale is a type of scale that determines the relative strength
of acids and alkalis.
[Link] value: pH value is a value indicating the relative strength of acids and
alkalis.
[Link]: pH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration
expressed in moles/liters. (pH = – log10H+)

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[Link] Method: Precipitation method is a method of preparing
insoluble salts by reacting two soluble salt solution.
[Link]: Protons are positively charged sub atomic heavy particles, in the
nucleus of an atom.
100. Salts: Salt is a compound formed by partial or complete replacement of
the replaceable hydrogen ion of an acid by a basic radical - metallic ion
or ammonium ion. OR Salt is an ionic compound which dissociates to
yield a positive ion other than hydrogen ion [H+] and a negative ion other
than hydroxyl ion [OH-].
101. Strong acid: Strong acid is an acid which almost completely dissociates
into H+ in an aqueous solution.
102. Strong alkali: Strong alkali is an alkali which almost completely
dissociates into OH- in aqueous solution.
103. Titration: Titration is the method of preparing soluble salts by
neutralization reaction between an acid and a soluble base - alkali to
form salt and water as the only compounds.
104. Tri acidic base: Tri acidic base is a base, which ionizes in aqueous state to
produce three hydroxyl ions per molecule of the base. OR It contains
three replaceable hydroxyl ions per molecule of the base.
105. Tribasic acid: Tribasic acid is an acid, which ionizes in aqueous state to
produce three hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid. OR It contains
three replaceable hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid.
106. Universal indicators: Universal indicators are complex compounds which
indicates the strength or pH range of the acidic or alkaline solution, by
giving different colors with different pH values.
107. Water of crystallization: Water of crystallization is the amount of water
molecules which enter into loose chemical combination with one
molecule of the substance on crystallization from its aqueous solution.
108. Weak acid: Weak acid is an acid which dissociates partially into H+ in an
aqueous solution.
109. Weak alkali: Weak alkali is an alkali which dissociates partially into OH-
in an aqueous solution.

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04. MOLE CONCEPT AND STOICHIOMETRY.

110. Atomicity: Atomicity is the number of atoms present in one molecule of

that element.
111. Avogadro’s Law: Under the same conditions of temperature and
pressure equal volumes of all gases contain, same number of molecules.
112. Avogadro’s number: Avogadro’s number is 6.023 × 1023 no. of atoms,
molecules or ions present in 1 mole of any substance.
113. Boyle’s law: Temperature remaining constant, the volume of a given
mass of dry gas is inversely proportional to pressure. [V 𝛼 1⁄𝑃 ]
114. Charle’s law: Pressure remaining constant, the volume of a given mass of
dry gas is directly proportional to its absolute [Kelvin] temperature. [V 𝛼 T].
115. Empirical Formula: Empirical formula is the formula of a compound
having simplest whole number ratio between the atoms of the elements
in the compound.
116. Gas Laws: Gas laws are certain rules which a matter in the gaseous state
follows when subjected to change in temperature, pressure or volume.
117. Gay Lussac’s Law [Law of combining volumes of gases]: “Volumes of
gases react in simple whole number ratio to one another and to the
volumes of the products provided the temperature and pressure of the
reacting gases and their products remain constant”.
118. Gram atomic mass/Gram atom: Gram atomic mass/Gram atom of an
element is the relative atomic mass of that element expressed in grams.
119. Gram molecular mass / Gram molecule: Gram molecular mass/Gram
molecule of the relative molecular mass of that substance expressed in
grams.
120. Molar Volume: Molar volume is the volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas
at S.T.P.
121. Mole: Mole is the amount of substance, containing same number of
units as the number of atoms in 12g of carbon, 6C12.
122. Molecular formula: Molecular formula is the chemical formula which
represents the actual number of atoms of each element present in a
molecule of a compound.
123. Percentage Composition: Percentage composition is the percent by
weight of each element in the compound.

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124. Pressure: Pressure is the average force exerted by gas molecules on the
walls per unit area.
125. Relative Atomic Mass/RAM/Atomic Weight: Relative Atomic
Mass/RAM/Atomic Weight is the number of times one atom of an
element is heavier than 1/12th the mass of one carbon atom (C12).
126. Relative Molecular Mass/RMM/ Molecular Weight: Relative Molecular
Mass/RMM/ Molecular Weight is the number of times one molecule of
the substance is heavier than 1/12th the mass of one carbon atom [C12].
OR It is the ratio of the – weight of one molecule of a substance to the
weight of one atom of hydrogen.
127. Temperature: Temperature is the average kinetic energy possessed by
molecules.
128. Vapour density (V.D): Vapour density (V.D) is the ratio of mass of a
certain volume of gas/vapour to the mass of the same volume of
hydrogen at S.T.P.
129. Volume: Volume is the space occupied by a fixed mass of gas.

05. ELECTROLYSIS.

130. Active electrodes: Active electrodes are electrodes which, takes part in
electrolytic reaction.
131. Anions: Anions are negatively charged ions.
132. Anode: Anode is an oxidizing electrode connected to positive terminal of
the battery.
133. Cathode: Cathode is a reducing electrode connected to negative
terminal of the battery.
134. Cations: Cations are positively charged ions.
135. Electrochemical Series / Metal activity series: Electrochemical series is
an arrangement of metals and non-metals on the basis of reactivity on
passing electric current by the ease with which they dissociate or ionize.
136. Electrodes: Electrodes allows the current to enter or leave the
electrolyte solution.
137. Electrolysis: Electrolysis is a process of decomposition of an electrolyte
by the passage of electric current resulting in discharge of ions as neutral
atoms at the respective electrodes (cathode & anode).

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138. Electrolyte: Electrolytes are chemical compounds which conduct
electricity in the fused or aqueous state and undergoes chemical
decomposition due to the flow of current in them.
139. Electrolytic Cell: Electrolytic cell is a non-conducting vessel containing
the electrolyte (in aq. or fused state).
140. Electrolytic Dissociation: Electrolytic dissociation is a process in which an
electrovalent compound separates into already present ions of the
compound.
141. Electrometallurgy: Electrometallurgy is the process of extraction of
metals from their ores using electrolysis.
142. Electroplating: Electroplating is an electrolysis process of deposition of a
superior metal [ex: silver or gold] on the surface of a base metal or
article [ex: iron or copper]
143. Electrorefining: Electrorefining is an electrolysis process in which pure
metal gets deposited at cathode from impure metal placed at anode,
using an electrolyte of same metal ion.
144. Inert electrodes: Inert electrodes are electrodes which do not take part
in electrolytic reaction.
145. Ionization: Ionization is a process in which a covalent compound
separates into ions by their formation from the molecules.
146. Ions: Ions are chemically inactive and electrically charged particles.
[cations, anions]
147. Non-Electrolytes: Non-electrolytes are chemical compounds which do
not conduct electricity in the fused or aq. soln. state and do not undergo
chemical decomposition due to the flow of current through it.
148. Oxidizing agent: An oxidizing agent is a chemical compound that carries
out oxidation reaction by addition of oxygen / electronegative radical, or
removal of hydrogen / electropositive radical / electrons and itself gets
reduced.
149. Reducing agent: A reducing agent is a chemical compound that carries
out reduction reaction by removal of oxygen / electronegative, or
addition of hydrogen / electropositive radical / electrons and itself gets
oxidized.

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150. Selective Discharge of Ions: The preferential discharge of ions present in
an electrolyte at the respective electrodes is known as selective
discharge of ions.
151. Strong Electrolytes: Strong electrolytes are electrolytes which allow a
large amount of electricity to flow through them ie. good conductors of
electricity.
152. Weak Electrolytes: Weak electrolytes are electrolytes which allow small
amount of electricity to flow through them ie. poor conductors of
electricity.

06. PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY.

– NO DEFINITIONS

07. METALLURGY.

153. Alloys: Alloy is a mixture prepared by adding other metals or non-metals

to a base metal in appropriate proportions to obtain desirable
properties.
154. Amalgam: Amalgam is an alloy in which the base metal is mercury.
155. Baeyer’s process: Baeyer’s process is a method of concentration of the
ore in which, separation of the aluminium ore from the gangue is by use
of solubility quotient in conc. NaOH solution.
156. Calcination: Calcination is a process of heating the concentrated ore in a
limited supply or absence of air at a temperature not sufficient to melt
the ore, ie. just below its melting point.
157. Chemical Method: Chemical method is a process for concentration of
the ore in which, separation of the ore from the gangue is by use of
solubility quotient in certain chemical.
158. Distillation Refining: Distillation refining is a process of refining volatile
metals from its residual impurities to obtain 99.99% pure metal by the
process of distillation.
159. Dressing or Concentration of the ore: Dressing or concentration of ore is
a physical process of separation of gangue and conversion of impure ore
to pure ore.

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160. Electro refining: Electro refining is a process of refining metals which are
lower in the metal activity series from its residual impurities to obtain
99.99% pure metal by the process of electrolysis.
161. Flux: Flux is a substance added to the ore to get rid of the matrix.
162. Froth Flotation Method: Froth floatation is a process of concentration of
the ore in which, separation of the ore from the gangue is by
preferential wetting.
163. Hall’s process: Hall’s process is a process of concentration of the ore in
which, separation of the aluminium ore from the gangue is by use of
solubility quotient in conc. Na2CO3 solution.
164. Hoope’s process: Hoope’s process is a process of refining aluminium
metal from its residual impurities to obtain 99.99% pure metal by the
process of electrolysis.
165. Hydrolytic or Gravity separation: Hydrolytic or Gravity separation is a
process of concentration of the ore in which, separation of the ore from
the gangue is based on the difference in the density of the particles.
166. Magnetic separation: Magnetic separation is a process of concentration
of the ore in which, separation of the ore from the gangue is by using
magnetic property.
167. Matrix/gangue: Matrix or gangue is the earthly impurities present in the
ore.
168. Metal Activity series: Metal activity series is the arrangement of metals
in a series according to their tendency to give up valence electrons in
decreasing reactivity.
169. Metal: Metal is an element which loses one or more electrons, when
supplied with energy.
170. Metallurgy: Metallurgy is the process of large-scale extraction of pure
metals from their respective ores.
171. Minerals: Minerals are compounds of various metals found in nature
with their earthly impurities.
172. Non-Metal: Non-metal is an element which gains one or more electrons
when supplied with energy.
173. Ore: Ore is a naturally occurring large mineral deposit from which metals
can be extracted profitably and conveniently.

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174. Oxidation refining: Oxidation refining is a process of refining non-
volatile metals from its residual impurities to obtain 99.99% pure metal
by the process of oxidation.
175. Pulverization: Pulverization is a process of crushing of ore into a fine
powder.
176. Reduction process: Reduction process is a process to obtain the impure
metal from the metallic oxide.
177. Refining of pure metal: Refining of pure metals is a process to separate
residual impurities and obtain 99.99% pure metal.
178. Roasting: Roasting is a process of heating the concentrated ore in the
presence of excess air at high temperature to form metallic oxide.
179. Slag: Slag is the fusible compound formed of the matrix after adding flux
to the ore.

08. HYDROGEN CHLORIDE.

180. Aqua regia: Aqua regia is a mixture of acid prepared by one-part of conc.
HNO3 & three parts conc. HCl by volume.
181. Constant boiling mixture: Constant boiling mixture is a mixture which
boils without change in composition and evolves vapours of both acid &
water in the same proportion as in the liquid mixture.

09. AMMONIA.

182. Catalyst: Catalyst is a substance that accelerates the rate of chemical

reaction.
183. Liquid ammonia: Liquid ammonia is liquefied ammonia at -33.5°C.
184. Liquor ammonia: Liquor ammonia is a conc. solution of ammonia in
water.
185. Promoter: Promoter is a substance that enhances the efficiency of the
catalyst.

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10. NITRIC ACID.

186. Aqua regia: Aqua regia is a mixture of acid prepared by one-part of conc.
HNO3 & three parts conc. HCl by volume.
187. Catalyst: Catalyst is a substance that accelerates the rate of chemical
reaction.
188. Constant boiling mixture: Constant boiling mixture is a mixture which
boils without change in composition and evolves vapours of both acid &
water in the same proportion as in the liquid mixture.
189. Nitration: Nitration is a process in which one or more hydrogen atoms of
an organic compound are replaced by a nitro group [-NO2] by adding
conc. Nitric acid.
190. Promoter: Promoter is a substance that enhances the efficiency of the
catalyst.

11. SULPHURIC ACID.

191. Catalyst: Catalyst is a substance that accelerates the rate of chemical

reaction.
192. Constant boiling mixture: Constant boiling mixture is a mixture which
boils without change in composition and evolves vapours of both acid &
water in the same proportion as in the liquid mixture.
193. Promoter: Promoter is a substance that enhances the efficiency of the
catalyst.

12. ORGANICS.

194. Addition reactions: Addition reactions are reactions involving direct

addition of an atom or a group of atoms without removing any existing
atoms of the compound.
195. Alcohol: Alcohols are organic compounds containing hydroxyl group [–
OH] attached to an alkyl group or to a hydrogen atom.
196. Alkanes: Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing a
carbon-carbon single bond.

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197. Alkene: Alkenes are unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing a
carbon-carbon double bond.
198. Alkyne: Alkynes are unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing a
carbon-carbon triple bond.
199. Carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing
carboxylic group [– COOH] attached to an alkyl group or to a hydrogen
atom.
200. Catenation: Catenation is the property of an atom, to link with each
other in a series and form long chain or ring like structure of identical
atoms.
201. Chain isomerism: Chain isomerism is a property exhibited by
hydrocarbons due to difference in arrangement of C atoms in the chain,
leading to branching.
202. Denaturated alcohol: Ethyl alcohol containing pyridine or copper
sulphate is termed as Denaturated alcohol.
203. Esterification: Esterification is a process of forming ester by reacting
acetic acid with an alcohol in presence of conc. H2SO4.
204. Functional groups: The hydrocarbons, in addition to hydrogen and
carbons have other elements present, which forms the functional
groups.
205. Functional isomerism: Functional isomerism is a property exhibited by
hydrocarbons due to difference in position of different types of
functional groups.
206. Glacial acetic acid: Glacial acetic acid is a crystalline mass of anhydrous
acetic acid resembling ice on cooling below 16.5℃.
207. Homologous series: Homologous series is a series of organic compounds
in which the successive members follow a regular structural pattern,
differing by a ‘CH2’ group.
208. Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons are Organic compounds composed of
carbon and hydrogen.
209. Inorganic Compounds: Inorganic compounds are all compounds that are
not organic or typically lacking C-H bond.
210. Isomerism: The phenomenon exhibited by isomers is called isomerism.
211. Isomers: Isomers are organic compounds having the same molecular
formula but different structural formula.

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212. IUPAC system: International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry is the
modern systematic way of naming an organic compound.
213. Methylated spirit or alcohol: Ethyl alcohol containing about 5% methyl
alcohol is termed as methylated spirit.
214. Molecular formula: Molecular formula indicates actual number of each
kind of atoms in a molecule of an organic compound.
215. Nomenclature: Nomenclature is the system of assignment of names to
an organic compound.
216. Organic chemistry: Organic chemistry is the ‘Chemistry of specific
carbon compounds’ except – carbonates, bicarbonates, metallic oxides
and carbides.
217. Organic Compounds: Organic compounds are wide variety of carbon
containing compounds formed due to carbon atom exhibiting unique
property of tetravalency and catenation.
218. Polymerization: Polymerization is a process by which simple molecules
join to form a large molecule at high – temp. & press. in the presence of
catalysts.
219. Position isomerism: Position isomerism is a property exhibited by
hydrocarbons due to difference in position of functional group on a
chain.
220. Pyrolysis: Pyrolysis is a process of thermal or catalytic decomposition of
alkanes in absence of air at high temperature to produce unsaturated
hydrocarbon.
221. Saturated: Saturated hydrocarbons are those compounds in which the
carbon atoms have all its valence electrons satisfied with any other
compound except another carbon atom.
222. Single covalent bonds: Single covalent bond is a chemical bond formed
when one pair of electrons are shared to form a covalent bond between
two non-metals.
223. Spurious alcohol: Undistilled alcohol containing methanol is called
spurious or illicit alcohol.
224. Stereo or Geometrical isomerism: Stereo or geometrical isomerism is a
property exhibited by hydrocarbons due to difference in geometrical
positioning of atoms and the functional groups, whereas the bond
structure remains the same.

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 FALGUNI MISS
225. Structural formula: Structural formula indicates the arrangement of
various atoms in a molecule of an organic compound.
226. Structural isomerism: Structural isomerism is a property exhibited by
hydrocarbons due to difference in linking of atoms.
227. Substitution reactions: Substitution reactions are reactions involving
direct displacement or substitution of an atom or a group of atoms by
another atom or group.
228. Tautomerism: Tautomerism is a property exhibited by hydrocarbons due
to difference in the position of an atom, given that molecular formula is
same.
229. Tetravalency: Tetravalency is a property of a Carbon atom to form 4
covalent bonds by mutually sharing its 4 valence electrons with same or
other atoms.
230. Trivial system: Trivial system is the oldest system where common names
are assigned to an organic compound.
231. Unsaturated hydrocarbons: Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those
compounds in which the carbon atoms have some of its valence
electrons satisfied with another carbon atom forming a double or a triple
bond.

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 FALGUNI MISS

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Introduction:

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 FALGUNI MISS
ACADEMIC RESULTS 2022 – 23 – 19 ALL INDIA RANKERS

ACADEMIC RESULTS 2021 – 2022 – 8 ALL INDIA RANKERS

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 FALGUNI MISS
ACADEMIC RESULTS 2021 – 2022
FIRST TERM MARKS (OUT OF 40)
FALGUNI MISS CLASSES – PTS FALGUNI MISS CLASSES - PTS FALGUNI MISS CLASSES - PTS FALGUNI MISS CLASSES - PTS

FIRST TERM ICSE STD X 2021-22 RESULTS FIRST TERM ICSE STD X 2021-22 RESULTS FIRST TERM ICSE STD X 2021-22 RESULTS FIRST TERM ICSE STD X 2021-22 RESULTS

CHEMISTRY BIOLOGY MATHEMATICS PHYSICS

81% students above 35/40
81% students above 35/40 78% students above 35/40 75% students above 30/40
40 - Omkar Vanjani (Podar)
40 - Aarush Gupta (CNMS) 40 - Aarush Gupta (CNMS) 39 - Aarush Gupta (CNMS)
40 - Ojayit Telang (Podar)
40 - Omkar Vanjani (Podar) 40- Eshan Petkar (Podar) 39 - Aaryan Vaidya (Lakshdham)
40 - Saakshi Bakliwal(Podar)
40 - Shaina Pradhan (JNS) 40 - Ojayit Telang (Podar) 39 - Parth Desai (CNMS)
40 - Shaina Pradhan (JNS)
40 - Soniya Deshpande (JNS) 40 - Shaina Pradhan (JNS) 38 - Ojayit Telang (Podar)
40 - Akshaya Parbhakar (Podar)
40 - Atharva Deo (Thakur Int.) 40 - Soniya Deshpande (JNS) 38 - Omkar Vanjani (Podar)
40 - Naman Jalan (Sanskriti, Gauhati) 40 - Naman Jalan - (Sanskriti, Gauhati)
40 - Amogh (Sishya Chennai) 38 - Atharva Deo (Thakur Int.)
40 - R Janavi (Gokuldham) 40 - Siddhi Iyer (Ambassador, Dubai)
40 - Ahem Shaikh (Podar) 38 - Tarush Dhamne (Podar)
40 - Tarush Dhamne (Podar)
40 - Ankit Basu (Cambridge School) 40 - Durva Bhatt (P.G. Garodia) 38 - Atharva Surve (Ryan Int)
40 - Tarush Dhamne (Podar) 40 - Kannika Shetty (A.V.M) 40 - Dia Jaiswal (AVM)
40 - Parth Desai (CNMS) 38 - Nidhi Pusalkar (Prime Academy)
40 - Parth Desai (CNMS) 40 - Tarush Dhamne (Podar) 37 - Yashica (Visanji Academy)
40 - Durva Bhatt (P.G. Garodia) 40 - Twisha Furia ([Link]) 39 - Akshata Kalyanikar (Thakur Int.)
39 - Twisha Furiya (St. Gregorios) 37 - Naman Jalan (Sanskriti Gauhati)
40 - Nidhi Pusalkar (Prime Academy) 40 - Akshata Kalyanikar (Thakur Int.)
39 - Soniya (JNS) 36 - Siddhi Iyer (Ambassador - Dubai)
40 - Yashica Kapahi (Vissanji Academy) 40 - Eshna Sobti (Universal Dahisar)
39 - Amogh (Sishya Chennai) 36 - Aaryan Mehta (CNMS)
40 - Akshata Kalyanikar (Thakur Int.) 40 - Iqra Kazi (Podar)
39 - Bhuvana Santosh (Vapii Public school) 35 - Sehej Khanna (JNS)
40 - Archit Desai (P.G. Garodia) 40 - Nidhi Pusalkar (Prime Academy)
39 - Harshvardhan Agarwal (Gokuldham) 35 - Durva Bhatt ([Link])
40 - Yashica Kapahi (Visanji Academy)
39 - Keshav Agarwalla (Sanskriti Gauhati) 35- R Janavi (Gokuldham)
And a long list from 39 to 30 .... And a long list of 39 to 30.... 39 - Ahem Shaikh (Podar) 35 - Amogh (Sishya Chennai)

FALGUNI THAKKER MISS And a long list from 38 to 30...... And a long list of 34 to 30.....
FALGUNI THAKKER MISS FALGUNI THAKKER MISS FALGUNI THAKKER MISS

ACADEMIC RESULTS 2020 – 2021 ACADEMIC RESULTS 2019 – 2020

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 FALGUNI MISS
ACADEMIC RESULTS 2003 – 2019

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