CAIE-IGCSE-ICT - Practical 21/11/2024, 08:53

ZNOTES.ORG

UPDATED TO 2023-2025 SYLLABUS

CAIE IGCSE

ICT
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE THEORY SYLLABUS
Prepared for Chin for personal use only.

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CAIE IGCSE ICT

Remember to follow all the instructions given to avoid

1. Document Production losing easy marks
Type in the name of the style exactly as it is in the paper
Click on the drop-down arrow in the Styles section →
1.1. Word Processing (MS Word) select Create a new style
Always base your styles on the Normal font
Serif – with flicks, e.g. Cambria
Setting the line spacing → click on format → then
Sans-serif – without flicks, e.g. Calibri paragraph → select required options
One part of the document is 1 column, and the rest is in From the same tab, you can change the spacing before
two columns. a → section break. and after the paragraph
When you want to move text to the next column, a →
column break. Setting all capital letters → click on format → font → tick
To force all further text onto the next page → page break the option All Caps
A widow= single line that appears on the next page or
column, separated from the rest of the paragraph
An orphan = a single line that appears on the previous
page or column, separated from the rest of the
paragraph.
To add page numbers in the header/footer ------→ Place
your cursor where you want to put the number → Go to
insert tab → Quick parts → Select Numbering category
→ Select Page in field names → Click Ok
Add the file size/name (including file path) → click on
Quick Parts in the Insert tab → click on Field → select File
Size or File name. For file path →, check the box to
include file path. For file size →, choose whether
Kilobytes or Megabytes.
Include date → click on Date & Time in Insert tab → To set certain bullets to a list style → click on format →
choose an appropriate format as specified. (If the click on Numbering → Bullets tab → choose the required
date/month format is flipped →, change your region/ option
language settings on your computer to the United To indent text for a style → click on format → Paragraph
Kingdom.) and input required indents under the Indentation
Update fields if required (select auto-update while section. Choose hanging indents to indent the whole
inserting fields.) paragraph and the first line indents to indent only the
first line of a paragraph.

2. House Styles
3. Mail Merge
2.1. House Styles
3.1. Mail Merge

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CAIE IGCSE ICT

Create a master document, which is mainly given as a While importing files, make sure you select text file and
source file not excel file, as .csv files are plain text.
In the master document, click on the Mailings tab When they ask for a set number of decimal places in a
In the start mail merge section, click on select recipients field, choose Fixed in Format.
→ select use an existing list → choose the source file
Select records to be used, filter if necessary

Ensure that the dates displayed in the table are in the

correct format under Table Design view.

Insert merge fields where indicated with chevrons, i.e.

Place automated current date and/or time, as well as
your name, centre number and candidate number where
specified. Ensure the date is in the correct format To form a relationship between two tables, go to the
specified. Relationships section of the Database Tools tab and
choose the required tables.

Spell-check and proofread the document.

Save the master document, and click finish and merge.
Preview results and ensure that they look as required. The calculations will ONLY work if placed in the report
While printing: footer. If Σ Total is used, then it appears automatically in
Check all merge fields are placed the report footer.
Field codes are visible if necessary. (Go to Advanced
settings so they are displayed when printing. Proof of
date inserted may be asked, right-click and toggle
field codes, or just use the shortcut Alt+F9.)

4. Data Manipulation
4.1. Data Manipulation (MS Access)

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CAIE IGCSE ICT

=COUNT(\[Primary_field\])
Count the number of fields in a
Always use the primary field as
report
it is the unique field 6. Data Analysis
Sum of fields in a report =SUM(\[Field_name\])
Average of fields in a report =AVG(\[Field_name\])
Minimum of fields in a report =MIN(\[Field_name\])
6.1. Data Analysis (MS Excel)
Maximum of fields in a report =MAX(\[Field_name\])

afterbefore

5. Presentations
5.1. Presentation Authoring (MS
PowerPoint)

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CAIE IGCSE ICT

7. Website Authoring
7.1. HTML
Anchors: help navigate throughout a webpage
Highlight the destination of the anchor, and set a
bookmark
You can use
tags in your code around this text
<div id="top"> Destination text </div>
Highlight the word or image that will be the hyperlink,
click insert a hyperlink, and type the address of the
website, the bookmark, or the email address
provided in the respective places.
If the link needs to open in a new window, select New
Window from the target frame. This will give you a
target setting of "_blank."

If there are specified dimensions for a table, use the

table properties to set these values.
Check the code to ensure that the table is not set to
100% width, if there are other values given.
To hide bullets from your webpage, add hidden after
your tag selector.

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CAIE IGCSE ICT

h2 {font-family: “Times New
Font type
Roman”} What is CSS?
Text size h2 {font-size: 16pt}
Aligning text h2 {text-align: center} Cascading style sheet
‘Bold’ text h2 {text-weight: bold} Used to style webpages
‘Underline’ text h2 {text-decoration: underline} Two types
h2 {font-family: “Times New Embedded/inline
Second choice of font
Roman, Verdana”} External
h2 {font-family: “Times New
Adding generic fonts (either
Roman, serif”}h2 {font-family: Embedded
serif or sans-serif)
“Calibri, sans-serif”}
Changing colour h2 {color: #000000}
Used to apply style properties within HTML sheet
Using classes to set styles. It
Format:
can be used by many right {text-align: right}
selectors …style = “attribute: specification”>
Comment in HTML - text Inline CSS for e.g. <table border=”1” style=
that is not read by the “width:200px”>
computer, only for users To add several attributes, add a semicolon to separate
Comment in CSS - text that them and then use the same format
is not read by the /* Enter comment here */ For e.g. < table style= “width:29%; margin-left:
computer, only for users auto**;**”>
For inline CSS, adding -style= “….”- is mandatory.
Colour codes have three parts:

(RED, GREEN, BLUE)

External
Amount of Light (colour) Hex code
External CSS sheets are separate sheets that style the
Fully on FF
webpage.
¾ on C0
To use, they are required to be attached to the main
½ on 80
HTML file using the tag:
¼ on 40
<link rel=“stylesheet” type=”text/css”
O% 00
href=”sourcefile.css”>
The tag is placed in the head tag of the html file.
Examples:
Several html sheets can be attached.
Pure red is (FF0000)
Preference is given to the sheet placed last in the
Pure green is (00FF00)
head tag
Pure blue is (0000FF)
Format for external CSS
Pure yellow is (FFFF00)
h1 { property: value ;}
Pure black is (000000)
for e.g. h1 { color:#000000;}
Pure white is (FFFFFF)
↑ Element source is taken from HTML script
HTML tag linked
Opening/closing head tag
Page title CSS Tags
<link rel=“stylesheet”
Attaching a CSS file type=“text/css” Colours
href=“mystyle.css”>
Defining anchor tag Colours can be in hexadecimal
Setting default target window hashtag before the hexadecimal is mandatory
Opening of the body/content e.g. #000000
Table tag | border width as 1 | F full capacity
alignment centre 0 is the least capacity
Some colours can be written in words. Such as black or
7.2. CSS white.

Fonts

Fonts are given priority from first to last in order

To add multiple fonts, add commas.
Eg. h1 { font-family: Arial, Calibri, sans-serif;}

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CAIE IGCSE ICT

Tables Enter data twice and compare them either after data has
been entered or during the entry process.
Tables have many attributes to help style them
15.2 Explain the need for validation as well as
Cell padding: creates space between text and cell
verification:
border
Validation only ensures that the data entered is in the
Cell spacing: creates space between individual cells
accepted format. Verification is needed to ensure
Borders
that the data entered is correct. Data entered may be
Background colour: background tags in the tables
in the right format but of the wrong value. Or it may
only apply to the tables.
be copied correctly but does not match the criteria.
Individual td or th headings can also be specified in CSS
17.1 Explain why it is necessary to use page, section and
column breaks, to adjust pagination and to avoid widows
Table tags format
and orphans?
cell padding Table { padding :40px;}
Page breaks and column breaks help remove widows
cell spacing Table { spacing : 30px;}
and orphans by forcing text onto the next page/
Table { border-width:3px;}
Table { border-color: #000098;} column so it is all together.
borders It does not disrupt the reader by breaking the flow.
Table { border-style: solid;}
Table { background-color: #009499;} 17.3 Explain why mail-merged documents are created
td { font-size: 3;} Mail merged documents save time typing out
Td/th tags td { font-family: Calibri;} individual letters, as the computer can personalize
td { color: #000000;} them. Typing errors are also reduced since the
table { width:50px;} master document is only typed once. They can also
Dimensions
table { height:60px;}
be emailed using the address in the source file.
18.1 Define the terms flat-file database and relational
body { background-repeat: no-repeat;}
database.
body {background-position: top/left/right/bottom;}
Flat-files databases are tables that have data sorted
h1 {text-align: left/right/top/bottom;}
in rows and columns.
Relational databases are several tables linked
8. Editing Images together, preventing unnecessary repetition of data.
18.1 Explain that other field types, such as placeholders
for media, including images, sound bites and video clips
8.1. Editing Images are used in commercial databases
They are not studied in depth in this syllabus. They
To save a picture with 8 bits - of colour depth, save it as a are used in web applications where a back-end
gif database holds the media to be displayed in another
Open it in Paint and save it as application, such as a webpage.
To compress the size of a picture, open it in the picture 18.1 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using
manager relational tables rather than a flat-file database
Edit picture
Relational Database Flat file Database
Compress pictures
Better security Poor at complex queries
Choose the most suitable option
Cater for future requirements Poor at limiting access
To change the colour options of a picture, use picture
Harder to update, so it is
manager Data is only stored once
inherently ine&cient
Edit picture
Requires more planning Potential duplication
Colour
Easy to design
Non-unique records
9. Answers to Theory It is harder to change the data
format.

Questions
9.1. Answers to Theory Questions

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CAIE IGCSE ICT

18.1 Define and understand the terms primary and foreign
keys and their role in a relational database. Tables make the basic structure of a webpage and
organise page layout.
Primary key: The key field of a table which is unique and
identifies each record 21.2 Define and understand the terms relative file path
Foreign key: The field linked to the primary field of the and absolute file path
table linked to a relationship Relative file path: A path referring to a file in the
same directory relative to the page the reference is
made in.
Absolute file path: The full path of a file which is not
relative to anything.
21.2 Explain why absolute file paths must not be used for
hyperlinks to locally saved web pages/ objects
Absolute paths always include the domain name of
the website
These should not be used to refer to locally saved
web pages as the computer the webpage is stored on
(the server) is not the same as where the webpage
was developed, and an absolute file path would point
to the wrong address.
21.3 Explain what is meant by the term cascading
stylesheets
CSS (cascading stylesheet) is a text-based language
which is attached to web pages to set their format.
CSS files have a “.css” extension
21.3 Explain the hierarchy of multiple attached
stylesheets and in-line styles within a web page
Internal CSS have more preference over Inline CSS.
Inline CSS overrides externally attached stylesheets.
If several external stylesheets are attached to one
web page, the stylesheet attached last (at the bottom
of that part of the code) is given preference (over the
other ones). Priority increases as you go down a list.
21.3 Explain why relative file paths must be used for
the attached stylesheets
They should be attached using relative file paths, as
they are stored along with the webpage since they
are stored in the same folder.
21.4 Explain how to upload and publish the content of a
website using FTP

Used to upload website files to the web hosting space. To

upload these files successfully, the user needs:
FTP client software
All files in one folder
Host Name/URL/IP address for FTP
Host port to be used for upload
Username and password

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CAIE IGCSE ICT

21.4 Create a test plan to test a website including web

page elements are visible, navigation within/from a web
page
Open the webpage in di%erent browsers to check
that all elements appear as they should.
Click all hyperlinks to ensure that they direct users to
the correct pages, using functional testing. Check that
both internal and external links are functional. Check
that fonts and background colours are appropriate to
the purpose of the website and its users (audience)
Perform user testing on a group from the target
audience, gain feedback from their usage, and use it
to improve the website before publishing it
21.4 Justify the choice of test plan
The test plan used to test a webpage must be
justified based on the tested elements. e.g. If
hyperlinks are being tested, it checks if all the
hyperlinks are redirecting the user to the correct
webpage/ section of the webpage.

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ICT

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