CHAPTER-6
NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
AND ISOMERISM
characteristics of a homologous series:
* The members can be represented by a general
formula.
*Successive members differ by a -CH2- group.
*Members show similarity in chemical properties.
*There is a regular gradation in their physical
properties.
Hydro carbons having double bond or triple bond between carbon
atoms are commonly known as unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Hydro carbons having a double bond between any two carbon
atoms are considered as alkenes.
Hydrocarbons having a triple bond between any two carbon atoms
are named as alkynes.
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2-methyl butane
2,3,5-trimethyl hexane
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If a carbon atom has two identical branches, the number of
their position should be repeated.
C2H5
CH3–CH2-C-CH2-CH3
C2H5
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alicyclic compounds
The presence of certain atoms or groups imparts certain
characteristic properties to organic compounds. They are
called functional groups.
OH-alcohol
COOH-carboxylic acid
R-O-R’---Alkoxy.
Compounds having same molecular formula but different chemical
and physical properties are called Isomers. The phenomenon is
called Isomerism.
Compounds with the same molecular formula but possess
difference in the chain structure are called 'Chain isomers.
Compounds having same molecular formula, but having a
difference in their functional groups, are known as 'Functional
isomers'.
CH3-CH2-OH and CH3-O-CH3
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If the position of the functional group is different in two
compounds having the same molecular formula and the same
functional group, then they are position Isomers.
1&3—chain isomerism
2&4---position isomerism
5&6---functional group isomerism
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1.hexane
2.methoxy ethane
3.2-methyl pentane
4.propane-1-ol
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a)2-methyl pentane
b)3-methyl hexane
c)hept-3-ene
d)hexane
e)2,3-di methyl pentane
f)2,2,4-tri methyl pentane
g)pentane-3-ol
i)1-chloro butane
j)butanoic acid
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