Marks Scored:

KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
End Semester Examination
August/September, 2016
Level : B. E. Course : COMP 342
Year : III Semester : II
Exam Roll No. : Time: 30 mins. F. M. : 10

Registration No.: Date :

SECTION “A”
[20 Q. 0.5 = 10 marks]

Tick (√) the best answer(s) or fill in the blanks with most appropriate word/phrase.

1. Which types of animation on video monitor are useful for testing the performance of a system?
[ ] Augmented Reality [ ] Virtual Reality
[ ] Wireframe displays [ ] Simulation & Modeling

2. While drawing an ellipse using midpoint approach, in region-1, successive decision parameters
P1K and that is incremented by ________________ amount (if P1K =0).
[ ] 2ry2xk+1 + ry2 [ ] 2ry2xk+1 + ry2- 2rx2yk+1
2 2
[ ] 2ry xk+1 + rx [ ] 2ry2xk+1 + rx2- 2rx2yk+1

3. Using DDA method, if we are drawing a line with slope less than 1 in reverse order (starting
from end point to start point) then we sample at unit x interval ∆x= and compute
each successive y value as
[ ] ∆x =1; yk + m [ ] ∆x = -1; yk + m [ ] ∆x =1; yk - m [ ] ∆x = -1; yk - m

4. What is/are the purpose of Video Controller ?

a. To perform some transformations
b. To scan conversion
c. To store the lookup table
[ ]a&b [ ]b&c [ ]a&c [ ] a, b & c

5. The return to the left of the screen, after refreshing each scan line, is called
[ ] vertical retrace [ ] horizontal retrace [ ] Interlacing [ ] bandwidth

6. RLE is a technique for

[ ] scan conversion
[ ] storing lookup table
[ ] mixing frame buffer image with an input image from camera
[ ] image compression

7. While Clipping the line using Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm with endpoints
A (1, -2) B (3, 3) against a window (-3, 1, 2, 6), what will be the intersection point of this line at
clipping boundary?
[ ] Lies outside the clipping boundary [ ] (11/5, 1)
[ ] (2, 0.5) [ ] (-2, 1)
8. If a point (x, y) is reflected about an axis which is normal to the XY plane and passing through
the origin, the reflected point (x, y) is
[ ] (x,-y) [ ] (-x, y) [ ] (-x,-y) [ ] (y, x)

9. (2,4) is a point on a circle that has center at the origin. Which of the following points are also on
circle?
a) (2,-4) b) (-2,4) c) (-4,-2)
[ ]a&b [ ]a&c [ ]b&c [ ] a, b & c

10. The rectangle portion of the interface window that defines where the image will actually appear
are called
[ ] Transformation viewing [ ] Viewport
[ ] Clipping window [ ] Screen coordinate system

11. While performing 3D scaling with respect to a selected fixed position (xf, yf, zf), the third row
fourth column of a composite transformation matrix contains
[ ] (1- Sx) xf [ ] (1- Sx) yf [ ] (1- Sy) yf [ ] (1- Sz) zf

12. In which type of projection, all lines perpendicular to the projection plane are projected with no
change in length?
[ ] Axonometric [ ] Isometric [ ] cabinet [ ] cavalier

13. Which hidden surface removal technique will be efficient when the view reference point
changes, but the objects in a scene are at fixed positions?
[ ] Back face removal method [ ] Z buffer method
[ ] Binary Space Partitioning tree method [ ] A buffer method

14. When does the Scan-line method functions inefficiently?

[ ] Multiple Surfaces [ ] Cyclically overlapping surfaces
[ ] Opaque surfaces [ ] Overlapping surfaces

15. The total diffuse reflection I diff is given by

[ ] KdIa [ ] KdIl cos θ [ ] KdIl (N . L) [ ] KdIa+ KdIl (N . L)

16. Which polygon rendering techniques requires more calculations to calculate the intensities?
[ ] Constant Intensity Shading [ ] Phong Shading
[ ] Fast Phong Shading [ ] Gouraud Shading

17. What does the Y represents in YIQ color model?

[ ] Yellow [ ] Luminance [ ] Chromacity [ ] Hue

18. Which color is displayed with S=0.3, V= 1, and H=0 in HSV color model?
[ ] Magenta [ ] Yellow [ ] Blue [ ] Cyan

19. For a 1-minute film sequence with no duplication, we would need 3600 frames. How many key
frames do we need for same film with six in-betweens for each pair of key frames?
[ ] 600 [ ] 21600 [ ] 3606 [ ] 3654

20. In ray tracing, ray is determined by:

a) Magnitude b) Direction c) Starting point d) Direction
[ ]a&b [ ]b&c [ ]a&d [ ]c&d
 KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
End Semester Examination
August/September, 2016
Level : B. E. Course : COMP 342
Year : III Semester : II
Time : 2 hrs. 30 mins. F. M. : 40
SECTION “B”
[6Q  4 = 24 marks]
Attempt ANY SIX questions.
1. Rebuilding Bungamti project, which was initiated by Kathmandu University, School of Arts,
Center for Art and Design with the support of individuals and other organization the project
includes Digital Storytelling, which documents the people and its historical background and
Digital preservation where people could interact with the ambiance and the architecture.
Describe the contributions of Computer graphics in this Rebuilding Bungamti Project? [4]

2. How much time is spent scanning across each row of pixels during screen refresh on a raster
system with a resolution of 1280 by 1024 and a refresh rate of 60 frames per second? Describe
beam penetration method for generating color pictures with random-scan monitors? [2+2]

3. The basic transformation in general matrix form is expressed as P’ = M1.P + M2, if you want to
perform rotation operation through angle θ about rotation point (xr, yr) what will be the content
of matrix M1 and M2 ?Show that two successive reflections about any line passing through
coordinate origin is equivalent to a single rotation about the origin. [1+3]

4. Write the composite 2D transformation for converting the world window in viewing coordinate
to corresponding normalized- coordinate viewport? Develop an algorithm for implementing
Liang-Barsky line clipping algorithm. [1+3]

5. What are the reasons for introducing the concept of projection in Computer Graphics? How
vanishing point is different from center of projection? Describe one point, two point Perspective
projections with suitable diagram? [1+1+2]

6. How does the orientation of the surface relative to the light source affect the brightness
illuminated from the surface? Explain specular reflection with supporting mathematical
relation? [1+3]

7. Write Short notes on: [2+2]

a. CMY Color model
b. Storyboard layout and Generation of in-between frames

SECTION “C”
[8Q  2 = 16 marks]
Attempt ANY TWO questions.
8. Derive all the required decision parameters for Midpoint circle algorithm assuming the start
position is (r, 0), where r is the radius of the circle? Using Bresenham Line drawing algorithm
digitize a line with endpoints (22, 12) and (28, 16)? [6+ 2]
9. What various activities are performed in viewing transformation phase of general 3D
transformation pipeline? Explain general three dimensional rotations about an axis that is not
parallel to one of the coordinate axes? [2+ 6]

10. a. Differentiate between object-space method and image-space method? What happens when
two polygons have the same z value and the Z-buffer algorithm is used? Describe the BSP- Tree
method for determining visibility onto the screen? [1+1+3]
b. What are the drawbacks of using Constant Intensity Shading? The intensities at the given points
A, B and C are 180, 60 and 140 respectively. What is the interpolated intensity at the point
(200,150) which falls on the scan line y=150 as shown in the figure? [1+2]