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7 views

Ex 5

Uploaded by

hoangngocphanduy187
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experimental Report 5

INVESTIGATION OF TRANSMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE


(MICROWAVE)
Verification of the instructors
Class: 746157
Group: 3
Name: Nguyễn Hoàng
Student ID: 20232406

I. Experiment Motivation
 Evaluate both qualitative and quantitative results of transmitting and receiving microwave.

II. Experimental Results

1. Investigation of straight-line propagation of microwaves


Observation:
● The volt-meter displays the maximum value when the receiver is oriented toward the rail
(transmitter and receiver facing each other).
 The volt-meter's value drops as the receiver moves away from the rail and in a plane that is
perpendicular to it.

Conclusion:
 Microwave propagates best in straight line.

2. Investigation of penetration of microwaves

Observation:
 When attach dry absorption plate, the value of volt-meter decreases

Conclusion:
● Microwave can penetrate through the dry absorption plate.
● A portion of the microwaves will be absorbed by the dry absorption plate; not all of them
will pass through.

3. Investigation of screening and absorption of microwaves


Observation:
 Reflection plate: the value of volt-meter is very small
 Absorption plate: the value of volt is higher
Conclusion:
• The reflection plate is not able to pass through most microwaves.

4. Investigation of reflection of microwaves

Observation:

Reflector angle (o) Volt out (mV)


40 40
50 37
60 30

 When reflector angle increases, Volt out will increase until it reachs maximum value.
Conclusion:
 The ability of reflection of microwave will increase when reflector angle increases until the
reflector angle is equal to incidence angle.
 Microwave reflects best when perpendicular bisector of the reflection plate is the bisector
of an angle created by the transmitter and receiver.

5. Investigation of refraction of microwaves

Observation:
 When the angle created by 2 rails is 125o , the volt-meter shows the maximum value.
● At different angle, the value of volt-meter decreases.

Conclusion:
 Microwave refracts best with angle of 125o

6. Investigation of diffraction of microwaves

Observation:
 The voltmeter's value drops when the single-slit plate is inserted into the rail.
 The voltmeter, however, shows a value that is almost equal to zero when the plate is
positioned between the probe and the transmitter. The reading slightly rises when the probe
is moved across the horizontal plane.
Conclusion:
Microwaves has diffraction properties.
7. Investigation of interference of microwaves

Observation:

 Number of maxima = 3
Conclusion: Microwave has property of interference.

8. Investigation of polarization of microwaves

Observation:
 Horizontally: the value of volt-meter is rapidly increase
 Vertically: the value of volt-meter is approximate 0
 At 45 o, the value of volt-meter is higher than that of vertical but smaller than that of
horizontal.
Conclusion:
Because the vertical wave is electric wave, and the receiver’s signal we receiver is Voltage.
Therefore:
 With vertical polarization grating, only the vertical wave can go through. The receiver’s
signal is big.
 With horizontal polarization grating, only the horizontal wave can go through. The
receiver’s signal is very small (approximate to 0).
 With 45o inclined polarization grating, a part of vertical wave and horizontal wave can go
through. The receiver’s signal is smaller than when we use vertical polarization grating and
bigger than when we use horizontal polarization grating.

9. Determining wavelength of standing waves

f x1 (mm) x2 (mm) d = x1 - x2(mm)

1 140 142 15

2 141 155 14

3 140 154 14

√
3
s.d
d=14 .3 ( mm ) s . d= ∑ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ Δ d= √3 =0 . 3 ( mm )
i=1

III. DATA TREATMENT


Wave length of standing waves
λ=2 ×d=2× 14.3=28.6 (mm)

∆ λ= √ ( Δd ) =0 .3(mm)
2

Hence

λ=λ ± ∆ λ=28.6 ± 0.3(mm)

Frequency of the microwave:

8
c 3 × 10 9
f= = −3
=10.5 × 10 ( Hz )
λ 28.6 ×10

∆ f =f
√( λ )
∆λ 2
=0.1 ×109 (Hz )

9
f =f ± ∆ f =(10.5 ± 0.1) ×10 ( Hz )

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