Lab # 9: Mathematical Functions SSUET/QR/114

LAB # 9
MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
OBJECTIVE

To get familiar with the concept of mathematical functions.

THEORY

The math module is used to access mathematical functions in the Python. All methods of
this functions are used for integer or real type objects, not for complex numbers.
Mathematical calculations are an essential part of most Python development.
Whether you’re working on a scientific project, a financial application, or any other type
of programming endeavor, you just can’t escape the need for math. For straightforward
mathematical calculations in Python, you can use the built-in mathematical operators,
such as addition (+), subtraction (-), division (/), and multiplication (*).

Python provides a module specifically designed for higher-level mathematical operations:

the math module. The Python math module offers you the ability to perform common and
useful mathematical calculations within your application. Here are a few practical uses
for the math module:
 Calculating combinations and permutations using factorials
 Calculating the height of a pole using trigonometric functions
 Calculating radioactive decay using the exponential function
 Solving quadratic equations
 Simulating periodic functions, such as sound and light waves, using trigonometric
functions
Since the math module comes packaged with the Python release, you don’t have to install
it separately. Using it is just a matter of importing the module:

>>> import math

You can import the Python math module using the above command. After importing, you
can use it straightaway.

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Math Methods

Method Description

math.acos() Returns the arc cosine of a number

math.acosh() Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a

number

math.asin() Returns the arc sine of a number

math.asinh() Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number

math.atan() Returns the arc tangent of a number in radians

math.atanh() Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a

number

math.ceil() Rounds a number up to the nearest integer

math.cos() Returns the cosine of a number

math.cosh() Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number

math.degrees() Converts an angle from radians to degrees

math.dist() Returns the Euclidean distance between two

points (p and q), where p and q are the
coordinates of that point

math.exp() Returns E raised to the power of x

math.fabs() Returns the absolute value of a number

math.factorial() Returns the factorial of a number

math.floor() Rounds a number down to the nearest integer

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math.fmod() Returns the remainder of x/y

math.gcd() Returns the greatest common divisor of two

integers

math.isfinite() Checks whether a number is finite or not

math.isinf() Checks whether a number is infinite or not

math.isnan() Checks whether a value is NaN (not a number)

or not

math.isqrt() Rounds a square root number downwards to the

nearest integer

math.log() Returns the natural logarithm of a number, or

the logarithm of number to base

math.log10() Returns the base-10 logarithm of x

math.log2() Returns the base-2 logarithm of x

math.pow() Returns the value of x to the power of y

math.remainder() Returns the closest value that can make

numerator completely divisible by the
denominator

math.sin() Returns the sine of a number

math.sinh() Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number

math.sqrt() Returns the square root of a number

math.tan() Returns the tangent of a number

math.trunc() Returns the truncated integer parts of a number

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Python math.ceil() Method

Definition and Usage

The math.ceil() method rounds a number UP to the nearest integer, if necessary, and
returns the result.

Syntax
math.ceil(x)

Parameter Values
Parameter Description
x Required. Specifies the number to round up
Example
Round a number upward to its nearest integer:

# Import math library

import math
# Round a number upward to its nearest integer
print(math.ceil(1.4))
print(math.ceil(5.3))
print(math.ceil(-5.3))
print(math.ceil(22.6))

Output:
2
6
-5
23

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Python math.sqrt() Method

Definition and Usage

The math.sqrt() method returns the square root of a number.
Note: The number must be greater than or equal to 0.

Syntax
math.sqrt(x)

Parameter Values
Parameter Description
x Required. A number to find the square root of. If the
number is less than 0, it returns a ValueError. If the
value is not a number, it returns a TypeError
Example
Find the square root of different numbers:

# Import math Library

import math

# Return the square root of different numbers

print (math.sqrt(9))
print (math.sqrt(25))
print (math.sqrt(16))

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Python math.sin() Method

Definition and Usage

The math.sin() method returns the sine of a number.
Note: To find the sine of degrees, it must first be converted into radians with the
math.radians()

Syntax
math.sin(x)

Parameter Values
Parameter Description
x Required. The number to find the sine of. If the
value is not a number, it returns a TypeError
Example
Find the sine of different numbers:

# Import math Library

import math
# Return the sine of different values
print (math.sin(0.00))
print (math.sin(-1.23))
print (math.sin(10))
print (math.sin(math.pi))
print (math.sin(math.pi/2))

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Example
Find the sine of different degrees:

# Import math Library

import math

# Return the sine value of 30 degrees

print(math.sin(math.radians(30)))

# Return the sine value of 90 degrees

print(math.sin(math.radians(90)))

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Python math.pow() Method

Definition and Usage

The math.pow() method returns the value of x raised to power y.
If x is negative and y is not an integer, it returns a ValueError.
This method converts both arguments into a float.
Tip: If we use math.pow(1.0,x) or math.pow(x,0.0), it will always returns 1.0.

Syntax
math.pow(x, y)

Parameter Values
Parameter Description
x Required. A number which represents the base
y Required. A number which represents the exponent

Example
Find the value of 9 raised to the power of 3:

# Import math Library

import math
#Return the value of 9 raised to the power of 3
print(math.pow(9, 3))

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Python math.factorial() Method

Definition and Usage

The math.factorial() method returns the factorial of a number.
Note: This method only accepts positive integers.

The factorial of a number is the sum of the multiplication, of all the whole numbers, from
our specified number down to 1. For example, the factorial of 6 would be 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x
2 x 1 = 720

Syntax
math.factorial(x)

Parameter Values
Parameter Description
x Required. A positive integer. If the number is
negative, or not an integer, it returns a ValueError.
If the value is not a number, it returns a TypeError
Example
Find the factorial of a number:

#Import math Library

import math
#Return factorial of a number
print(math.factorial(3))
print(math.factorial(4))
print(math.factorial(5))

Output:
6
24
120

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Python math.gcd() Method

Definition and Usage

The math.gcd() method returns the greatest common divisor of the two integers int1 and
int2.
GCD is the largest common divisor that divides the numbers without a remainder.
GCD is also known as the highest common factor (HCF).
Tip: gcd(0,0) returns 0.

Syntax
math.gcd(int1, int2)

Parameter Values
Parameter Description
int1 Required. The first integer to find the GCD for
int2 Required. The second integer to find the GCD for

Example
Find the greatest common divisor of the two integers:

#Import math Library

import math
#find the the greatest common divisor of the two integers
print (math.gcd(3, 6))
print (math.gcd(6, 12))
print (math.gcd(12, 36))

Output:
3
6
12

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Lab Task

1. Write a program, which shows the implementation of trigonometric functions.

2. Write a program to calculate the factorial of the input number.
3. Write a program to calculate the Log of input number.
4. Write a program to calculate the GCD of the input number.

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