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Metals and Non-Metals PPT 1

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
100 views14 pages

Metals and Non-Metals PPT 1

very nice ppt

Uploaded by

Navita Jadhav
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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By : Mrs.

Sneha Hegde
1a) Physical properties of metals
● Metals are solids. (except mercury)
● Metals are hard. (except Lithium, Potassium, Sodium)
● Metals have metallic lustre. (shine)
● Metals are malleable. (can be beaten into thin sheets)
● Metals are ductile. (can be drawn into wires)
● Metals have high melting points. (Gallium and Caesium
have low melting points. They melt in the palm of the
hand)
● Metals have high boiling points.
● Metals are good conductors of heat. ( Best conductors
are silver and copper. Poor conductors are Lead and
Mercury)
● Metals are good conductors of electricity. ( Best
conductors are Silver and Copper)
● Metals are sonorous. (produce sound when beaten)
b) Physical properties of non metals
● Non metals may be solids, liquids or gases. (Solids –
Carbon, Sulphur, Phosphorus etc. Liquid – Bromine,
Gases – Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen etc.)
● Non metals are soft. (except diamond which is the hardest
natural substance)
● Non metals do not have lustre.( except iodine crystals)
● Non metals are not malleable.
● Non metals are not ductile.
● Non metals which are solids and liquids have low melting
points.
● Non metals which are solids and liquids have low boiling
points.
● Non metals are bad conductors of heat.
● Non metals are bad conductors of electricity. (except
graphite)
● Non metals are not sonorus.
2) Chemical properties of metals
i) Reaction with oxygen :-
Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.
2Cu + O2 2CuO (Copper oxide)
4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 (aluminium oxide)
Some metal oxides are basic oxides because they react
with water to form bases.
4Na + O2 2Na2O
Na2O + H2O 2NaOH
4K + O2 2K2O
K2O + H2O 2KOH
Some metal oxides show acidic and basic properties.
They are called amphoteric oxides.
Eg :- Aluminium oxide, Zinc oxide etc.
Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O (basic)
Al2O3 + 2 NaOH 2 NaAlO2 + H2O (acidic)
(Sodium aluminate)
Anodising
It is a process of forming a thick oxide layer of
aluminium.
Aluminium develops a thin oxide layer of aluminium
oxide when exposed to air. This aluminium oxide coat
make resistant to further corrosion.
The resistance can be improved further by making the
oxide layer thicker.
During anodising, a clean aluminium article is made
the anode and is electrolysed with dilute sulphuric
acid. The oxygen gas evolved at the anode reacts with
aluminium to make a thicker protective oxide layer.
This oxide layer can be dyed easily to give aluminium
articles an attractive finish.
Difference in the reactivity of metals with oxygen
● Metals like potassium and sodium when exposed
to air, react vigorously with oxygen and catch
fire. Hence they are stored in kerosene.
● Magnesium burns with a bright flame.
● Iron is glows brightly on heating.
● Copper does not burn but forms a black coating
of copper oxide.
● Silver and gold does not react with oxygen even
at high temperature.
● Some metals like magnesium, aluminium, zinc,
lead etc. forms an oxide layer over it which
prevents further oxidation. They are called self
protecting metals.
ii) Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal oxides or metal hydroxides
and hydrogen. The reactivity of different metals with water is different
2Al + 3H2O Al2O3 + 3 H2
3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2

- Sodium and potassium react violently with cold water to form sodium
hydroxide and hydrogen and catches fire.
2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
2K + H2O 2KOH + H2
- Calcium reacts less violently with water to form calcium hydroxide
and water and does not catch fire.
Ca + 2 H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
- Magnesium reacts only with hot water to form magnesium hydroxide
and hydrogen.
Mg + 2 H2O Mg(OH)2 + H2
- Metals like aluminium, iron and zinc react only with steam to form
the metal oxides and hydrogen.
- Metals like lead, copper, silver and gold do not react with water.
iii) Reaction with acids
Metals react with dilute acids to form salts and hydrogen.
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
2Al + 6 HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
The reactivity varies from metal to metal. For the above
metals the decreasing order of reactivity is
Mg > Al > Zn > Fe.
Copper, silver and gold do not react with dilute HCl.
Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with nitric
acid (HNO3) because it is a strong oxidising agent and it
oxidises the H2 produced to water and is itself reduced to
oxides of nitrogen.
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO2
iv) Reaction of metals with metal salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt
solution. (Displacement reaction)
Magnesium displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu
Zinc displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
Iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu

after 15 – 20 minutes

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