100 Most Probable Questions

(Explanations)

1. Real Number 5b − a
Since, ‘a’ and b are integers. Therefore is a
2b
1. (d) Given p = 18a2b4 rational number and so, 3 is also a rational number. But
= 2 × 3 × 3 × a × a × b × b × b × b = 2 × 32 × a2 × b4
this contradicts the fact that 3 is an irrational number
and q = 20 a3b2 = 2 × 2 × 5 × a × a × a × b × b
So, our assumption is not true. (½ M)
= 22 × 5 × a3 × b2
\ LCM (p, q) = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × a × a × a × b × b × b × b Hence, 5 − 2 3 is an irrational number. (½ M)
= 22 × 32 × 5 × a3 × b4 = 180a3b4 (1 M)
6. The prime factorisation of 72 and 120 is given by
2. (a) We know that
72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 and 120 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5  (½
½ M)
LCM × HCF = product of the given numbers
H.C.F (72, 120) = Product of common factors with lowest
⇒ 40 × 252 × k = 2520 × 6600
power = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 24 (½
½ M)
2520 × 6600 10 × 660
⇒ k= = L.C.M (72, 120) = Product of prime factors with highest
252 × 40 4
⇒ k = 10 × 165 = 1650  (1 M) power = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 360 (½
½ M)

3. (b) The prime factorisation of 3750 is; Hence, the H.C.F and L.C.M of 72 and 120 are 24 and 360
respectively.(½ ½ M)
3750 = 54 × 2 × 3 (½
½ M)
\ The exponent of 5 in the prime factorisation of 3750 is 4. 7. Let 5 be a rational number then it must be in the form of
(½ ½ M) p
where q ≠ 0 (p and q are co-prime) (½ M)
4. (c) The time after which they again ring together = LCM q
of 20, 25, 30
p
5 20, 25, 30 5= ⇒ 5×q = p  (½ M)
q
2 4, 5, 6
Squaring on both sides,
2, 5, 3
5q2 = p2      ...(i)  (½ M)
\ LCM (20, 25, 30) = 52 × 22 ×3 = 300
p2 is divisible by 5
\ They ring again together after = 300 minutes
p = 5c
300
= = hr 5hr Squaring on both sides
60
If they first ring together at 12 noon, they again ring p2 = 25c2     ...(ii)  (½ M)
together after 5hrs at 5:00 pm. (1 M) putting p2 in eq (i)
5. Let 5 − 2 3 is a rational number 5q2 = 25c2 ⇒ q2 = 5c2  (½ M)

a So, q is divisible by 5.
∴ 5−2 3 = , [where a and b are integers, b ≠ 0](½ M)
b Thus p and q have a common factor of 5.  (½ M)
a 5 a 5b − a we have contradicted our assumption wrong.
2 3= 5 − ⇒ 3= − ⇒ 3= (½ M)
b 2 2b 2b Therefore 5 is an irrational number.
 Given, sum of zeroes = 0
2. Polynomials −3
and Product of zeroes =  (1 M)
– b +9 c 5 5
8. (b) a + b = = ⇒ ab = = \ The quadratic polynomial is;
a 2 a 2
 3  3
81 10 x2 – (0)x +   = x2 –
(a + b)2 – 2 ab = a2 + b2 ⇒ − = a2 + b2  5  5
4 2
Now, to find the zeroes of the polynomial;
81 − 20 61
⇒ a2 + b2 = =  (1 M) 2
4 4 3 3  3
x –
2
= 0 ⇒ x2 = ⇒ x2 =    (1 M)
9. (d) p(x) = 4x2 – 3x – 7 5 5
 5
−b 3
Here, α + β = ⇒ α + β = ...(i) 3 3
a 4 ⇒x=± ⇒x= or x = – 3
5 5 5
c −7
Also, αβ = ⇒ αβ = ...(ii)
a 4 ⇒x=
3
×
5
or x = – 3 × 5
3 5 5 5 5
1 1 α+β
Now, + = = 4  [From (i) and (ii)] ⇒x=
15
or x =
− 15
 (1 M)
α β αβ −7 5 5
4 15 − 15
1 1 −3 \ The zeroes of the polynomial are or
⇒ + =  (1 M) 5 5
α β 7
14. (i) Given, equation h = 25t – 5t2
10. (a) Given, polynomial f(x) = x + 3x + k
2
Putting h = 0, we get
It is also given that 2 is one of its zeroes. 25t – 5t2 = 0 ⇒ 5t (5 – t) = 0 ⇒ t = 5 or t = 0
∴ f(2) = 0 ⇒ (2)2 + 3(2) + k = 0 Hence, zeroes are 5 & 0. (1 M)
⇒ 4 + 6 + k = 0 ⇒ k = –10
(ii) Maximum height is achieved at the vertex of the this
Hence, the value of k is –10. (1 M) 5
given parabola having t =
11. (d) Let a and b are the zeroes of the polynomial 2
5
x2 + (a + 1)x + b ∴ Putting t = in equation h = 25t – 5t2 we get
2
Here, a = 2 and b = –3
25 × 5 5 × 25 250 − 125 125
−(a + 1) ∴h
= =
− = m (1 M)
Sum of zeroes, α + β = 2 4 4 4
1

(iii) (a) To reach 30m, h = 30m
⇒ 2 + (–3) = – a – 1 ⇒ a = 0
b 30 = 25t – 5t2 ⇒ 5t2 – 25t + 30 = 0
Product of zeroes, αβ = ⇒ 2(–3) = b ⇒ b = – 6 ⇒ t2 – 5t + 6 = 0 ⇒ t2 – 3t – 2t + 6 = 0 (1 M)
1
 (1 M) ⇒ t (t – 3) – 2 (t – 3) = 0 ⇒ (t – 3) (t – 2) = 0
12. (c) y ⇒ t = 3, or t = 2
Hence ball took 2 seconds  (1 M)
P(x) OR
A B
x′ x
(iii) (b) Given, h = 20
C
20 = 25t – 5t2 ⇒5t2 – 25t + 20 = 0
⇒ t2 – 5t + 4 = 0 ⇒ t2 – 4t – t + 4 = 0  (1 M)
y′ ⇒ t (t – 4) – 1 (t – 4) = 0 ⇒ (t – 4)(t – 1) = 0
Number of zeroes of a polynomial = Number of times ⇒ t = 4 or t = 1 (1 M)
intersects the graph the x-axis.
\ The no. of zeroes of the given polynomial = 3(1 M) 3. Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables
13. We know, quadrartic polynomial: 15. (b) For the pair of linear equations to be dependent and
p(x) = x2 – (sum of zeroes) x + (product of zeroes) consistent, we have.

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 a1 b1 c1 3 –1 8 1 1 1 ⇒ 2x = y – 1⇒ 2x – y + 1 = 0 ...(ii)
= = ⇒ = = ⇒ = = From equation (i) and (ii)
a2 b2 c2 6 – k 16 2 k 2
3x – y – 6 = 0
Hence for k = 2 equations have infinitely many
2x – y + 1 = 0
solution (1 M) – + –
–––––––––––––––
16. (d) A pair of linear equation is inconsistent if, for two x–7=0
linear equation. ⇒ x = 7 (½
½ Mark)
a1x + b1 y + c1 = 0 & a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0, we have From equation (i) 3 × 7 – y – 6 = 0
a1 b1 c1 ⇒ 21 – y – 6 = 0 ⇒ y = 15 (½
½ Mark)
= ≠
a2 b2 c2 7
Hence, fraction is . (½
½ Mark)
given, two linear equation are; 15
x + 2y = 3 & 5x + ky + 7 = 0 (½
½ M) 19. Let the unit digit be x & the tens digit be y (½
½ M)
Here, a1 = 1 ; b1 = 2 ; c1 = –3 \ original number = 10y + x
a2 = 5 ; b2 = k ; c2 = 7 Now, according to question, sum of digits is 8.
a1 b1 1 2
Now, for inconsistency, = ⇒ = ⇒ k = 10 i.e., x + y = 8 ...(i) (½
½ M)
a2 b2 5 k
And, also the differences between the number & that
a1 c2 1 −3
And, ≠ ⇒ ≠  [satisfied] formed by reversing the digits is 18.
a2 c2 5 7
If the digits are reversed, then, unit digit = y, tens digit = x
10 
∴k = (½
½ M) \ The reversed number = 10x + y. (½
½ M)
17. Given, system of linear equations are \ According to question (x + 10y) – (10x + y) = 18
2x + 3y = 7 ⇒ x + 10y – 10x – y = 18 ⇒ –9x + 9y = 18
(k + 1)x + (2k – 1)y = 4k + 1 ⇒ 9(–x + y) = 18 ⇒ –x + y = 2 ...(ii) (½
½ M)
Since, the given system of equation is of the form Adding equation (i) and (ii), we get
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
2y = 10 ⇒ y = 5
Where, a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = –7
Putting y = 5 in (i), we get,
a2 = k + 1, b2 = 2k – 1, c2 = –(4k + 1) (½
½ Mark)
x + 5 = 8 ⇒ x = 8 – 5 = 3 (½
½ M)
for infinitely many solutions
a1 b1 c1 \ Original no. is: 10y + x = 10(5) + 3 = 50 + 3 = 53 (½ ½ M)
= =
a2 b2 c2 20. (i) Given, Hockey `  x per student and cricket `  y per
2 3 −7 student. For school ‘P’, the total prize amount
∴ = =
k + 1 2k − 1 −(4k + 1)  (½
½ Mark) for hockey and cricket is ` 9500. The number of
⇒ 2(2k – 1) = 3(k + 1) or 3(4k + 1) = 7(2k – 1) students awarded for hockey and cricket are 5 and 4
⇒ 4k – 2 = 3k + 3 or 12k + 3 = 14k – 7 respectively.
⇒ k = 5 or k = 5 Hence, 5x + 4y = 9500  …(i) (½
½ M)
Hence, value of k is 5. (11 Mark) For school ‘Q’, the total prize amount for hockey and
x cricket is ` 7370. The number of students awarded are
18. Consider, the fraction be  (½
½ Mark)
y 4 and 3 respectively.
1 Hence, 4x + 3y = 7370 …(ii) (½
½ M)
Given, fraction becomes when 2 is subtracted from
numerator. 3 (ii) (a) Given equations are:
x−2 1 5 x + 4 y= 9500  × 3
=  (½
½ Mark)
y 3 4 x + 3=y 7370  × 4

⇒ 3x – 6 = y ⇒ 3x – y – 6 = 0 ...(i)
1 15x + 12y = 28500 (½
½ M)
Given, also fraction becomes when 1 is subtracted from
2 16x + 12y = 29480 (½
½ M)
denominator.
x 1 –x = – 980 (½
½ M)
=  (½
½ Mark)
y −1 2 Hence, prize amount for hockey is `980  (½
½ M)

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 3

 OR 25. Let the uniform speed of the train be x km/h.
(b) On substituting the value of x in (i), we get ∴ The time taken to cover the distance 480 km =
480
h
5(980) + 4y = 9500 (½
½ M) x
9500 − 4900 4600 Now the speed (x – 8) km/h. (½
½ M)
⇒ y= = = 1150  (½
½ M)
480
4 4 The time taken to cover the same distance = h (½ M)
x −8
Hence, prize amount of cricket is more by 480 480
1150 – 980 = `170  (1 M) According to question, = +3 (½
½ M)
x −8 x
(iii) If there are 2 students each from two games, then total 480 480  x − x +8
prize money = 2x + 2y ⇒ − 3 ⇒ 480 
= =3 (½
½ M)
x −8 x  ( x − 8) x 
= 2(980) + 2(1150) = `4260 (1 M)
⇒ x2 – 8x = 160 × 8 ⇒ x2 – 8x – 1280 = 0
4. Quadratic Equations ⇒ x2 – 40x + 32x – 1280 = 0 ⇒ x(x – 40) + 32(x – 40) = 0

21. (d) Given, quadratic equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0 ⇒ (x – 40)(x + 32) = 0 ⇒ x = 40, –32 ⇒ x = –32 not possible
Condition for real and equal roots is D = 0 ∴ The speed is 40 km/h. (1 M)
∴ b2 – 4ac = 0 [ D = b2 – 4ac]
200
b2 26. Let the length of piece be x m then rate per metre =
⇒ b = 4ac ⇒ c = (1 M)
2 x
4a New length = (x + 5) m
200
22. We have, x2 – 2ax + (a2 – b2) = 0 New rate per metre =  (1 M)
x+5
⇒ (x2 – 2ax + a2) – b2 = 0 (½
½ M)
Now, according to question
⇒ (x – a) – b = 0 
2 2
[a – 2ab + b = (a – b)2]
2 2

200 200 200 x + 1000 − 200 x

⇒ (x – a – b) (x – a + b) = 0  (½
½ M) − 2 ⇒
= = 2 (1 M)
[a2 – b2 = (a – b) (a + b)] x x+5 x( x + 5)
⇒ x – a – b = 0 or x – a + b = 0 ⇒ 1000 = 2x(x + 5) ⇒ 2x2 + 10x – 1000 = 0
⇒ x = – (–a –b) or x = – (–a + b) (½
½ M) ⇒ x2 + 5x – 500 = 0 ⇒ x2 + 25x – 20x – 500 = 0
⇒ x = a + b or x = a – b (½
½ M) ⇒ x(x + 25) – 20(x + 25) = 0 ⇒ (x+ 25) (x – 20) = 0
23.  (½
½ M)
13 ⇒
2x + 9 + x = 2 x + 9 = 13 − x
⇒ x = –25 or x = 20 (½
½ M)
On squaring both sides, we get
length cannot be negative
( )
2
2x + 9 =(13 − x) 2 ⇒ 2x + 9 = 169 + x2 – 26x (11 M) 200
So, x = 20 and rate per metre = ` = ` 10 (1 M)
⇒ x2 –26x –2x + 169 – 9 = 0 ⇒ x2 – 28x + 160 = 0 20
⇒ x2 – 20x – 8x + 160 = 0 [Middle term factorisation] 1 1 1 1 1 10
27. Given, + 1 ⇒
= + =
⇒ x(x – 20) –8 (x – 20) = 0 ⇒ (x –8) (x – 20) = 0 (2 x – 3) ( x – 5) 9 (2 x – 3) ( x – 5) 9
\ x = 8, 20 (1 M)
( x – 5) + (2 x – 3) 10
24. Given, ⇒ = [Taking LCM on LHS] (1 M)
(2 x – 3)( x – 5) 9
⇒ p(x – 4) (x – 2) + (x – 1)2 = 0
⇒ p(x2 – 4x – 2x + 8) + (x2 – 2x + 1) = 0 3x – 8 10
⇒ = ⇒ 9(3x – 8) = 10(2x – 3) (x – 5)
⇒ (p + 1)x2 + (–6p – 2)x + 8p + 1 = 0 (1 M) (2 x – 3)( x – 5) 9
 [By using cross multiplication]
Now, equation has real and equal roots ⇒ 27x – 72 = 10(2x2 – 10x – 3x + 15)
∴ D = 0 [ D = b2 – 4ac]
⇒ 27x – 72 = 10(2x2 – 13x + 15)
⇒ b – 4ac = 0
2
(1 M)
⇒ (–6p – 2)2 – 4(p + 1) (8p + 1) = 0 ⇒ 27x – 72 = 20x2 – 130x + 150
⇒ 36p2 + 4 + 24p – 4(8p2 + p + 8p + 1) = 0 ⇒ 20x2 – 130x – 27x + 150 + 72 = 0 (2 Marks)
⇒ 36p2 + 4 + 24p – 32p2 – 36p – 4 = 0  [Arranging the terms on one side]
⇒ 4p2 – 12p = 0 ⇒ p2 – 3p = 0 ⇒ 20x2 – 157x + 222 = 0
⇒ p(p – 3) = 0 ⇒ p = 0 or p = 3. ⇒ 20x2 – 37x – 120x + 222 = 0[Middle term factorisation]
Hence, the values of p are 0 and 3 (1 M) ⇒ x(20x – 37) – 6(20x – 37) = 0

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 ⇒ (x – 6) (20x – 37) = 0 −2(n + m)
Putting, d = in (i), we get
37 nm
⇒ x – 6 = 0 or 20x – 37 = 0 ⇒ x = 6 or x =
20 (−2)(n + m) 2n 2n 2(m − 1)(n + m)
37 2a + (m − 1) = ⇒ 2a = +
Hence, the values of x are 6 & . (1 M) nm m m nm
20
2n 2 + 2(mn + m 2 − n − m)
⇒ 2a =
5. Arithmetic Progression nm
 n 2 + mn + m 2 − n − m 
2093 ⇒ 2a = 2 
28. (c) Given a = 7, an = 84 and sn =  mn 
2
n Now, sum of first (m + n) terms is
As we know, sn = [a + an] ( m + n)
2 Sm + n
= [ 2a + (m + n − 1)d ]
2
2093 n
= [7 + 84] ⇒ 2093 = n[91]
2 2 (m + n)   n 2 + mn + m 2 − n − m   −2(m + n)  
= 2   + (m + n − 1)  
2   mn   nm 
2093
⇒n= = 23 (1 M)
91 (m + n)  2(n 2 + mn + m 2 − n − m) − 2(m + n − 1)(m + n) 
=  
29. (b) Given A.P., –29, –26, –23, ..........., 61 2  mn 
Here, a = – 29, d = – 26 – (–29) = 3  2n 2 + 2mn + 2m 2 − 2n − 2m − 2(m 2 + mn − m + 
 
 an = a + (n – 1) d ( m + n)  nm + n 2 − n) 
=
∴ 16 = –29 + (n – 1) 3 ⇒ 45 = 3n – 3 ⇒ n = 16 2  nm 
Hence, 16th term is 16. (1 M)  2n 2 + 2mn + 2m 2 − 2n − 2m − 2m 2 − 4nm + 2m 
 
−11 −1 49 ( m + n)  + 2n − 2n 2 
=
30. Given A.P. is , −3, ,..., 2  nm 
2 2 2
(m + n)  −2mn 
−11 11 5 = −( m + n)
=
Here, a = and d =−3 + =  (½
½ M) 2  nm 
2 2 2
49 −(m + n) Hence, proved.
⇒ S( m + n ) = (1 M)
Given, an =  (½
½ M)
2
−11 5 49 1 1 1
⇒ a + (n – 1) d = an ⇒ + ( n − 1) = 32. Given,
= am = ⇒ aa+n (m − 1)d =
and ...(i)
2 2 2 n m n
⇒ (n – 1) = 12 ⇒ n = 13 (1 M)
1 1
31. Given sum of first m terms is n & sum of first n terms is m. and an = ⇒ a + (n − 1)d = ...(ii)
m m
Let the first term of the AP be a & the common difference
On subtracting eq. (ii) from (i), we get
be d.
1 1
∴ According to question, a + (m – 1)d – a – (n – 1)d = −
m 2n n m
∴ Sm = n ⇒ n ⇒ 2a + (m − 1)d = ...(i)
[2a + (m − 1)d ] =
2 m m−n 1
and Sn = m ⇒ d ( m − n) = ⇒d=  (1 M)
mn mn
n Put the value of d in eq. (i) we get
[2a + (n − 1)d ] =
m
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
2m a + (m − 1) =⇒ a + − = ⇒a=  (1 M)
⇒ 2a + (n − 1)d =  ...(ii) (1 M) mn n n mn n mn
n
Now, equation (i) – equation (ii), we get Now,
2n 2m 1 1
⇒ (m – 1)d – (n – 1)d = − amn = a + (mn – 1)d = + (mn − 1)
m n mn mn
2n 2 − 2m 2 2(n 2 − m 2 ) 1 mn
⇒ d [ m − 1 − n + 1] = ⇒ d (m − n) = amn = (1 + mn − 1)= = 1 ⇒ amn = 1 (1 M)
nm nm mn mn
2(n − m)(n + m) −2(n + m) 33. Let the four consecutive numbers of AP be a – 3d, a – d,
⇒d = = (1 M)
nm(m − n) nm a + d, a + 3d


100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 5

 Now, according to question By AA – Similarity
a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 32 ∆ADP ∼ ∆CBP  (1 M)
⇒ 4a = 32 ⇒ a = 8  ...(i) AB + BC +CA 56 7
(a − 3d )(a + 3d ) 7 36. (b) Since, = =
Now, =  (1 M) PQ +QR + RP 48 6
(a − d )(a + d ) 15
Also, for ∆ABC ∼ ∆PQR
2 2
a − 9d 7 AB BC CA 7
⇒ = ⇒ 15a2 – 135d2 = 7a2 – 7d2 (1 M) we have = = =
a 2 − d 2 15 PQ QR RP 6
⇒ 8a2 = 128d2 ⇒ 16d2 = a2
from equation (i) we have, PQ 6
Hence =  (1 M)
16d2 = 82 = 64 ⇒ d2 = 4 ⇒ d = ±2 (1 M) AB 7
Now, d = 2 then 8 – 3 × 2, 8 – 2, 8 + 2, 8 + 3 × 2 37. (b) Given, ∆ABC ~ ∆QPR
2, 6, 10, 14
AC QR 6 3
and If d = –2 then 8 – 3 × (–2), 8 – (–2), 8 + (–2), 8 + 3 × (–2) \ = ⇒ = ⇒ x = 2.5 cm (1 M)
BC PR 5 x
14, 10, 6, 2 (1 M)
34. (i) Numbers between 100 and 200 divisible by 9 are 38. (b) Given, AD = 3 cm, AB = 7 cm and EC = 3 cm.
108, 117, .... 198 Let AE = x cm, then AC = AE + EC = (x + 3) cm
Here, a = 108 and d = 9 A
tn = a + (n –1)d ⇒ 198 = 108 + (n – 1)9 (½
½ M) x
m
⇒ 90 = (n – 1)9 ⇒ 10 = n – 1 ⇒ n = 11 (1 M) m 3c
7c E
n D
Now, =
Sn [ a + l ] [⸪ l = tn= last term]
2 3 cm
11 11 × 306
=
2
[108 + 198] =
2
= 11 × 153 = 1683 (1 M) B C

(ii) Numbers between 100 and 200 which are not divisible In DABC, DE || BC
by 9 are 99 i.e. n = 99. AD AE
101, 102, ........199 (½
½ M) ∴ = [By Thale's theorem]
AB AC
n 99 99
Now, =Sn
2
[=a + l]
2
[ ]
101 + 199=
2
× 300 3 x
⇒ = ⇒ 3(x + 3) = 7x ⇒ 3x + 9 = 7x
7 x+3
= 99 × 150 = 14850 (1 M)
9
\ Sum of integers not divisible by 9 between ⇒ 7x – 3x = 9 ⇒ 4x = 9 ⇒ x = = 2.25 cm (1 M)
100 and 200 4
= Sum of all integers between 100 and 200 – Sum of 39. D
integers divisible by 9 between 100 and 200
4cm
= 14850 – 1683 = 13167 (1 M)
12cm
B 24cm
A
6. Triangles
35. (d) In DADP & DCBP E W
Given, AD = 4 cm, DE = 12 cm, DW = 24 cm (½
½ M)
D Let DB be x cm
Now, in DDEW, AB || EW
B
P AD DB
\ =  [by Thale's Theorem]
C DE DW
A
∠DPA = ∠BPC (vertically opposite angles) 4 x 4
⇒ = ⇒x= × 24 = 8 cm (½
½ M)
∠ADP = ∠CBP (angles in same segment) 12 24 12

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40. E 42. We have to prove that PQ || AB
F Given, in ∆ABC, DP || BC

G 7 D AD AP
 = (By Thale’s theorem)
2 3 BD PC
1 6 5 4 AD AP
⇒ = ...(i) (1 M)
A B C AB AC
Given, EB ⊥ AC Similarly, EQ || AC in ∆ABC
BG ⊥ AE, CF ⊥ AE BQ BE
= (By Thale’s theorem) (1 M)
We have to prove that QC EA
(i) DABG ~ DDCB (½
½ M)
BQ BE
BC BE ⇒ =
(ii) =  BC AB
BD BA
BE = AD (given)
Proof: (i) In DABG and DDCB, (½
½ M)
BQ AD
BG || CF, as corresponding angles are equal =  ...(ii) (1 M)
BC AB
\ ∠2 = ∠5 [both are 90°] from eqn. (i) and (ii) we get
∠6 = ∠4 [corresponding angles] BQ AP BQ AP
= ⇒ = 
\ DABG ~ DDCB [by AA similarity] BC AC QC PC
\ ∠1 = ∠3 [by CPCT] ...(i)(1 M) By converse of Thale’s theorem
(ii) In DABE and DDBC, Hence, PQ || AB proved (1 M)
∠1 = ∠3 [from (i)]
∠ABE = ∠5 [both are 90°] 7. Coordinate Geometry
\ DABE ~ DDBC [both AA similarity]
BC BD 43. (b) The distance of the point (x, y) from y-axis is its
\ =
BE BA x-coordinate.
[Q in similar triangles, the corresponding sides are Hence, the distance of the point (–4, 3) from y-axis is 4
proportional] units.(1 M)
BC BE 44. Consider, the centre of the circle be O(–2, 2) and the co-
⇒ = Hence, proved. (1 M)
BD BA ordinates of A be (x, y) and B be (3, 4)
41. Given, DE || OB and EF || BC By using mid-point formula, we get
now in DAOB, DE || OB
A

D
A B (3, 4)
(x, y) O
E F

O
 x+3 y +4
B C  , = ( −2, 2 )
 2 2 
AE AD x+3
= (Thale’s theorem) ...(i) (1 M) ∴ −2 ⇒ x + 3 = – 4 ⇒ x = –4 – 3 = –7
=
EB DO 2
similarly in DABC, EF || BC y+4
And =2 ⇒y+4=4⇒y=0
AE AF 2
= (Thale’s theorem) ...(ii) (1 M) Hence, coordinates of A are (–7, 0) (1 M)
EB FC
from eqn (i) and (ii) we get 45. m n
A P 3 5  B (2, – 5)
AD AF  1 3
=  ,   , 
DO FC  2 2  4 12 
DF || OC (by converse of Thale’s theorem) (1 M) Let P divides AB internally in the ratio m:n

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 7

 We have,  1× 5 + 2 × 2 1× −8 + 2 × 1 
n 3n  = , 
  1+ 2 1+ 2 
 2m + 2 −5m + 2 
\ P = m+n , m+n   (1 M)  9 −6 
 
( x, y=
)  , =  ( 3, −2 )
  3 3 
Hence, P ≡ (3, –2) (½
½ M)
3 5 
and given P =  ,   P also lies on the line given by 2x – y + k = 0
 4 12 
Equating the corresponding co-ordinate from the point P,  (3, –2) satisfies the equation 2x – y + k = 0
we get \ 2 × 3 – (–2) + k = 0 (½
½ M)
n 3n ⇒ 6 + 2 + k = 0 ⇒ k = –8
2m + −5m +
2 3 2 5 Hence, value of k is –8. (½
½ M)
⇒
= = and
m+n 4 m+n 12
48. Given, P(x,y) is equidistant from A(a + b, b – a) & B(a – b,
4m + n 3 a + b).
∴ = ⇒ 16m + 4n = 6m + 6n  (½
½ M)
2(m + n) 4 So, AP = BP (1 M)
m 2 1 ⇒ ( x – (a + b)) 2 + ( y – (b − a )) 2= (a − b − x) 2 + (a + b − y ) 2
⇒ 10m = 2n ⇒ = =
n 10 5
(1 M)
⇒ P divides AB in the ratio 1: 5 (½
½ M) Squaring and solving
46. A n C 1 B ⇒ x2 + (a + b)² – 2x(a + b) + y2 + (b – a)2 – 2y(b – a)
= (a – b)2 + x2 – 2x(a – b) + (a + b)2 + y2 – 2y(a + b)
(1, 2) 8  (2, 3)
 , y  ⇒ – 2ax – 2bx – 2by + 2ay = – 2ax + 2bx – 2ay – 2by
5
⇒ – 4bx = – 4ay ⇒ bx = ay (Proved) (1 M)
Let the ratio in which C divides AB be n:1. Applying
section formula for x-coordinate, we get 49. 5
m1 x2 + m2 x1 8 2(n) + 1(1) 2 3
⇒ x= ⇒ =  (½ M)
m1 + m2 5 n +1
A(1,2) P(x,y) B(6,7)
3
⇒ 8(n + 1) = 5(2n + 1) ⇒ 2n = 3 ⇒ n = Let P(x, y) be the any point on AB
2
3 Given AP = 2 AB ⇒ AP =
2
∴ PB = 5 – 2 = 3 (1 M)
n 3 5 AB 5
∴ Ratio = = 2= or 3 : 2 (1 M)
1 1 2 So P divides AB internally in the ratio 2:3
Now, applying section formula for y coordinate
 mx + nx1 my2 + ny1 
m1 y2 + m2 y1 P ( x, y ) =  2 ,  (1 M)
y= ⇒ y=
3(3) + 2(2)
 (½ M)  m+n m + n 
m1 + m2 3+ 2
 2 × 6 + 3 × 1 2 × 7 + 3 × 2   15 20 
9 + 4 13 = , = ,
=
⇒ y = (1 M)  2+3 2 + 5   5 5 
5 5
P(x, y) = (3, 4) (1 M)
47. Let the points A(2, 1) and B(5, –8) is trisected at the points
P(x, y) and Q(a, b) such that P is nearer to A.
So, P divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2 8. Introduction to Trigonometry
2x – y + k = 0
50. Given 2sin (A + B) = 3 & cos (A – B) = 1
Q
(2, 1) A 1 2 B (5, –8) 3
P ⇒ sin (A + B) = ⇒ A + B = 60° ....(i)  (½ M)
2
Using section formula, coordinates of P are (11 M) Also cos (A – B) = 1 ⇒ A – B = 0 ....(ii)  (½ M)
 m x + m2 x1 m1 y2 + m2 y1  Adding (i) & (ii) A + B + A – B = 60°
( x, y ) =  1 2 ,  (½
½ M)
 m1 + m2 m1 + m2 
⇒ A = 30° & B = 30°  (1 M)

8 P
W MATHEMATICS
 55. Given, 4 tan θ = 3 ⇒ tan θ = 3/4,
sinA − 2sin 3 A sinA  1 − 2sin 2 A 
51. L.H.S
= =   (½
½ M) Perpendicular 3
2cos3 A − cosA cosA  2cos 2 A −1  =  tan θ =
base 4
We know, sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
\ By Pythagoras theorem, we have
 
sinA  sin 2 A + cos 2 A − 2sin 2 A  h= (3) 2 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 5  (1 M)
= (½
½ M)
 (
cosA  2cos 2 A − sin 2 A + cos 2 A ) 
 3 4
\ sin θ
= and
= cos θ
2
sinA  cos A − sin A 2 5 5
=   = tanA = R.H.S. (1 M)
cosA  cos 2 A − sin 2 A  3 4
4× − +1
4sin θ − cos θ + 1 5 5
Hence, L.H.S. = R.H.S. Now, =  (1 M)
4sin θ + cos θ − 1 4 × 3 + 4 − 1
Hence, proved.(1 M) 5 5
52. Given, sin q + cos q = p and sec q + cosec q = q 12 − 4 + 5 13
L.H.S. = q(p2 – 1) = (sec q + cosec q) [(sin q + cos q)2 – 1] = =  (1 M)
12 + 4 − 5 11
 1 1  2 2
=  +  [sin θ + cos θ + 2sin θ cos θ − 1] (1 M) tan 2 A cosec 2 A
 cos θ sin θ  56. L.H.S = +
tan 2 A − 1 sec 2 A − cosec 2 A
 sin θ + cos θ 
=   [1 + 2sin θ cos θ − 1]  (1 M)
=  tan A
sin A
= , cosecA =
1
,sec A
1
 (½
½ M)
 sin θ cos θ 
[ sin q + cos q = 1] 2 2 cos A sin A cos A
sin θ + cos θ sin 2 A 1
= × 2sin θ cos θ = 2(sin q + cos q) 2 2
sin θ cos θ cos A sin A  (½
½ M)
 [sinq + cosq = p]= +
sin 2
A 1 1
= 2p = R.H.S −1 −
cos 2 A cos 2 A sin 2 A
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S proved. (1 M)
53. Given, 2(sin6q + cos6q) – 3(sin4q + cos4q) + 1 = 0 sin 2 A 1
2
L.H.S =2((sin2q)3 + (cos2q)3) – 3[(sin2q + cos2q)2 – 2 =
sin2q cos A + sin 2 A  (½
½ M)
cos2q] + 1 (1 M) sin A − cos A sin A − cos 2 A
2 2 2

= 2{(sin2q + cos2q)3 – 3sin2q cos2q(sin2q + cos2q)} cos 2 A sin 2 A cos 2 A

– 3(12 – 2sin2q cos2q) + 1 ( sin2q + cos2q== 1) sin 2 A cos 2 A

+  (½
½ M)
sin 2 A − cos 2 A sin 2 A − cos 2 A
= 2(1 – 3 sin q cos q) –3(1 – 2sin q cos q) + 1
2 2 2 2
(1 M)
= 2 – 6 sin q cos q – 3 + 6 sin q cos q + 1 = 3 – 3 = 0
2 2 2 2 sin 2 A + cos 2 A
=  (½
½ M)
sin 2 A − cos 2 A
∴ LHS = RHS (proved) (1 M)
1
3 = 2 2
=[ sin 2 A + cos 2 A 1]  (½
½ M)
54. Given, sin (A + 2B) = and cos (A + 4B) = 0 sin A − cos A
2 Since, sin2A = 1 – cos2A
3 1
we know, sin 60° = , cos 90° = 0 (½
½ M) =  (½
½ M)
2 1 − cos A − cos 2 A
2
Now,
3 1
sin (A + 2B) = ⇒ sin (A + 2B) = sin 60° (½
½ M) = = R.H.S  (½
½ M)
2 1 − 2 cos 2 A
A + 2B = 60° ⇒ A = 60° – 2B  ...(i) L.H.S. = R.H.S.
and cos (A + 4B) = 0 Hence proved.
cos (A + 4B) = cos 90° ⇒ A + 4B = 90° ...(ii) (1 M)
sin A + cos A sin A – cos A
Put A in equation (ii) 57. L.H.S. = +  (1 M)
sin A – cos A sin A + cos A
⇒ 60° – 2B + 4B = 90° ⇒ 2B = 30° ⇒ B = 15° (½ ½ M)
Put B in equation (i), we get (sin A + cos A)2 + (sin A – cos A)2
=  (1 M)
A = 60° – 2 × 15° ⇒ A = 30° (½
½ M) (sin A – cos A)(sin A + cos)

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 9

 sin 2 A + cos 2 A + 2sin A cos A + sin 2 A + cos 2 A – In DBAC, tan 30º =
AB 1 75  1 
⇒ =  tan 30° = 
2sin A cos A AC 3 AC  3
= (1 M)
sin 2 A – cos 2 A ⇒ AC = 75 3 m …(i) (1 M)
1+1 AB 75
= [Q sin2A + cos2A = 1] Now, in DABD, tan 60º = ⇒ 3=
1 – cos 2 A – cos 2 A AD AD
2 75 3 75 3
= = R.H.S. (1 M) ⇒ AD = ×= = 25 3 m …(ii) (½
½ M)
1 – 2 cos A 2 3 3 3
Hence, L.H.S. = R.H.S. proved. Now, CD = AC + AD
= 75 3 + 25 3 = 100 3 m [From (i) & (ii)] (1 M)
9. Some Applications of Trigonometry Hence, the distance between two men is= 100 3 m
m.
58. (a) Given that, 61. Let OA be the height of the tree
A OA = h m
A
6

θ h
B C
2 3
Height of the pole = 6 m 30° 45°
P Q (1 M)
Length of shadow = 2 3 m O
100 m
Let q be the elevation of the sun, then In ∆POA,
AB 6 1 h
⇒ tan q = ⇒ tan= θ = 3 = tan 60° OA
BC ∴ tan 30° = ⇒ = ⇒ OP = 3h ...(i)
2 3 OP 3 OP
\ q = 60° (1 M) and In DQOA,
59. A OA
∴ tan 45° =
2.54 OQ
D
h
=1 = OQ
= h  ...(ii) (1 M)
6m OQ
on adding eqn (i) and (ii), we get
60o OP + OQ = 3 h + h ⇒ PQ = ( 3 + 1) h
B C
Let the length of ladder be l meters (½
½ M) 100
⇒ h
⇒ 100 = 2.732 h = = 36.6 m
Now, In DDBC, 2.732
BD Hence, height of tree is 36.6 m (1 M)
3 6 − 2.54
sin 60° = ⇒ =
DC 2 l 62. B
45º
2 × 3.46 6.92 60º
⇒ l =
= ⇒ l = 4 m (½
½ M)
3 1.73 45º
h T P

60. B  (½
½ M) 50
60º
A Q
x
75 m BT h − 50
30° 60° In DBTP, tan 45° = ⇒ 1=
C D PT x
A ⇒ x = h – 50 ...(i) (1 M)

10 P
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 AB h h 12( 3 + 1) 12( 3 + 1) 12( 3 + 1)
In DBAQ, tan 60° = ⇒ 3= ⇒x= ...(ii) = = = = 6( 3 + 1)
AQ x 3 ( 3 –1)( 3 + 1) 3 –1 2
From eqn. (i) and (ii), we get = 16.4 min (approx)
h h
⇒ h − 50 =
3
⇒ h−
3
= 50 ⇒ h ( )
3 − 1 = 50 3  \ The time taken by the car to reach the tower is 16.4 min.
 (1 M)

50 3 50 × 1.732 64. Let P be the position of the cloud which makes an angle
h
⇒= h
⇒= =118.25 m (1 M)
3 −1 1.732 − 1 of elevation from A is 30° and Q be the position of
reflection of the cloud which makes angle of depression
118.25 118.25 from A is 60°.
From equation=
(ii) x = = 68.25 m
3 1.732 P
Hence, height as the Tower = 118.25 m. and distance
between tower and building = 68.25 m  (1 M) h

A 30°
63. B 60° x B
30°
45° 20m 20m
C D

Q
45° 30° Here AC = BD = 20 m
A x y D PD = 20 + h = DQ (1 M)
C
Given, the angle of depression of the car at position D is PB h
In DAPB, tan 30
=° =
30° & at position C is 45°. AB x
Clearly, the angle of elevation at D is 30° & at C is 45°. 1 h
⇒ = ⇒x= 3h  ...(i) (1 M)
Let the distances AC & CD be x & y respectively & the 3 x
height of tower be h. In DAQB
\ In DABC: BQ BD + DQ 20 + 20 + h
tan=
60 = =
h h AB x x
tan45° = ⇒1= ⇒ x = h ...(i) (1 M)
x x 40 + h 40 + h
and in DABD: 3
⇒= ⇒ = x  ...(ii) (1 M)
x 3
h 1 h From eqn. (i) of (ii)
tan30° = ⇒ = ⇒ x + y = h 3 ...(ii)
x+ y 3 x + y 40 + h
= 3h ⇒ 40 + h = 3h ⇒ h = 20
From, (i) and (ii), we get, 3
x + y = x 3 ⇒ y = x 3 – x [subtracting x from both sides] Put h = 20 in eqn (i), we get x = 20 3
From the figure
= x( 3 – 1) (1 M)
AP = AB 2 + PB 2 = =
x2 + h2 (20 3) 2 + (20) 2
Therefore, the car took 12 minutes to reach from D to C
i.e., the distance, x( 3 – 1). = 20 3 + 1 = 20 × 2 = 40 m
distance x( 3 –1) ∴ Distance of the cloud from A = 40 m. (1 M)
\ Speed of the car, S = =  (1 M)
time 12
Now, time taken by car to reach from C to D,
10. Circles
i.e., to cover x units is, 65. (d) In the given figure
distance x 12 OQ = OP, ∠QOP = 65°
Time taken = = =
speed x( 3 –1) 3 –1 ⇒ ∠PQO = ∠QPO (Angle opposite to equal sides)
12 ∴  In ∆POQ, ∠PQO + ∠QPO + 65° = 180°

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 11

 QA= QC (Tangents from same external point A )
 115  °
⇒ ∠OPQ = 
 2  ∴ DOAQ ≅ DOCQ (using SSS congruency) (1 M)
∠AOQ = ∠COQ …(i)  [by C.P.C.T]
 65  ° Similarly DOBP ≅ DOCP
⇒ ∠QPT =   {∠OPQ + ∠QPT = 90°}
 2
(1 M) Therefore ∠BOP = ∠COP…(ii) [by C⋅P⋅C⋅T]
As line AOB is a straight line passing through centre O,
66. (a) Given, ∠APB = 55° A
therefore it can be considered as a diameter of the circle
Also, ∠PAC = ∠PBC = 90° (1 M)
 [Tangent is ⊥ to radius] 55° C Q So ∠AOQ + ∠COQ + ∠COP + ∠BOP = 180°
P
Now, in quadrilateral PACB Now from equations (i) and equation (ii) we get
∠APB + ∠PAC + ∠PBC + B 2∠COQ + 2∠COP = 180° ⇒ ∠COQ + ∠COP = 90°
∠ACB = 360° ∴∠POQ = 90° (∴∠COQ + ∠COP = ∠POQ)(1 M)
 [⸪ Sum of interior angles in quadrilateral = 360°] Hence proved.
⸫ 55° + 90° + 90° + ∠ACB = 360° ⇒ ∠ACB = 125° D
69. F C
As we know, that the angle subtended by an arc at the
centre is double the angle subtended by an arc at the
remaining part of the circle. p q
125° 1 G
∴ ∠ACB = 2 ∠AQB ⇒ ∠AQB = = 62 ° (1 M) O
2 2 x y
67. Given that PQ is chord and ∠QPT = 60° H
Q
From the figure, we have
A E B
∠OPT = ∠QPO + ∠QPT
O In DAOG and DAOE
⇒ 90° = ∠QPO + 60° R AO = AO (common side)
⇒ ∠QPO = 90° – 60° = 30° OE = OG (Radius of same circle)
∴ ∠OQP = 30° AE = AG (Length of tangents from same external point)
P T
∴DAOE ≅ DAOG (SSS Similarity)  (½ M)
[OPQ is isosceles triangle]  (½
½ M)
∠AOE = ∠AOG = x …(i)
In ∆ OPQ
Similarly
⇒ ∠QPO + ∠POQ + ∠OQP = 180°
In DDOG and DDOF, ∠DOF = ∠DOG = p …(ii)
[Sum of interior ∠'s of a triangle is 180°.] In DCOF and DCOH, ∠COH = ∠COF = q …(iii)
⇒ 30° + ∠POQ + 30° = 180° In DBOH and DBOE, ∠BOE = ∠BOH = y …(iv)(1 M)
⇒ ∠POQ = 180° – 30° – 30° = 120° Now ∠AOE + ∠AOG + ∠DOG + ∠DOF + ∠COH +
∴ reflex ∠POQ = 360° – 120° = 240° ∠COF + ∠BOE + ∠BOH = 360° (½ M)
1 ⇒ x + x + p + p + q + q + y + y = 360°
1
∴ ∠PRQ = × reflex ∠POQ = × 240 = 120° (½
½ M) ⇒ 2(x + p + q + y) = 360°
2 2
⇒ x + p + q + y = 180°
68. A
Q ⇒ (x + y) + (p + q) = 180°
⇒ ∠AOB + ∠COD = 180° (1 M)
O Hence proved.
C
70. A
B P
Construction: Join OC P O
Proof:
In DOQA and DOCQ B
OA = OC (Radii of the same circle) Given: A circle with center O & tangent PA & PB drawn to
QO = QO (Common side) the circle from the external point P.

12 P
W MATHEMATICS
 Construction: Join OA, OP & OB. ∴ perimeter of the sector = AO + AB + OB
To prove: Length of tangents drawn are equal i.e., PA = PB ⇒ 16.4 = 5.2 + 5.2 + AB
 (1 M) ⇒ AB = 16.4 – 10.4 = 6 cm (1 M)
Proof: 1 1
∴ Area of the sector = rl = × 5.2 × 6 = 15.6 cm2. (1 M)
We know that, tangents drawn to a circle is perpendicular to 2 2
the radius of the circle at the point of contact. 73. Given, radius = 21 cm
\ ∠OAP = ∠OBP = 90° ...(i) (1 M) Let θ = ∠AOB = 120°
Now, In DOAP & DOBP; Y
∠OAP = ∠OBP [from (i)] A B
21
cm 120 1 cm
o
OP = OP [common]
OA = OB [both are radius of circle] 2
O
\ by RHS congruency criteria,
DOAP ≅ DOBP (1 M)
Hence, PA = PB  [by C.P.C.T] Area of segment AYB = Area of sector OAYB
i.e., the length of tangents drawn from an external point to – Area of DAOB (½
½ M)
the circle are equal. (1 M) θ 120° 22 ( )2
Area of sector OAYB = × πr 2 = × × 21
71. P 360° 360° 7
A 1 22
= × × 21 × 21 = 22 × 21 = 462 cm2 (½½ M)
5 3 7
Now, for area of DAOB, draw OP ⊥ AB
O E
T Note that, OA = OB (Radii of the circle)
13
5 Therefore, by R.H.S congruence
B DAPO ≅ DBPO  (½
½ M)
Q So, P is the mid-point of AB and ∠AOP = ∠BOP
Given OP = OQ = 5 cm, OT =13 cm A P
1 B
Also, PT = TQ (tangent from same external point) = × 120°= 60° 21
2 cm 60° 60° cm
In DOPT, ∠P = 90° (1 M)
Consider, OP = x cm 21
OT 2 = OP 2 + PT 2 ⇒ 132 = 52 + PT 2 ⇒ PT = 12cm = PQ O
Since length of tangents drawn from a point to a circle are OP x 1 21
From DOPA, = cos 60° ⇒ = ⇒ x= cm
equal. OA 21 2 2
Therefore AP 3 AP 21 3
Also, sin 60° = ⇒ = ⇒ AP = cm
AP = AE = x (let) OA 2 21 2
⇒ AP = AE = PT – AT = 12 – AT ⇒ AT = 12 – AP
∴ AB = 2 AP = 21 3 cm  (½
½ M)
⇒ AT = (12 – x) cm
and OT = OE + ET ⇒ 13 = 5 + ET ⇒ ET = 8 cm  (1 M) 1 1 21
∴ Area of DOAB = × AB × OP = × 21 3 ×
Now, In DAET, 2 2 2
AT 2 = AE 2 + ET 2 ⇒ (12 – x)2= x2 + 82 441 3 2
= cm  (½
½ M)
⇒ 144 – 24x + x2 = x2 + 64 ⇒ 24x = 80 4
 441  2
10 =  462 −
∴ Area of segment AYB 3  cm
⇒x= cm (1 M)  4 
3  1848 − 441 3  2 21
 cm =( 88 − 21 3 ) cm ≅ 271.04 cm
2 2
10 =
Similarly BE = cm  4  4
3
(½ ½ M)
10 10 20 74. Let PRQ be the arc subtending an angle of 60°
\ AB = AE + BE = + = cm  (1 M)
3 3 3

11. Areas Related to Circle O

14
cm

60°
cm
14

72. Given, r = 5.2 cm and perimeter of the sector = 16.4 cm.

P Q
Let AOB be the sector with center O. R

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 13

 Area of the minor segment PRQP (1 M)
12. Surface Areas and Volumes
= Area of the sector OPRQ – Area of ∆OPQ
θ 1 77. Given,
=πr 2 × − r 2 sin θ Curved surface area of a right circular cylinder = 176 cm2
360 2
⇒ 2prh = 176 ⇒ prh = 88 ...(i)
22 60 1
= × (14) 2 × − × (14) 2 sin 60° also given, vol. of cylinder = 1232 cm 3
7 360 2
⇒ pr2h = 1232 ...(ii)
1 3 On dividing equ.(ii) from (i), we get (1 M)
= 22 × 2 × 14 × − 7 × 14 ×
6 2
πr 2 h 1232
308 ⇒ = ⇒ r = 14 cm
= − 49 3 ≈ 17.89 cm 2  (1 M) πrh 88
3
put the value of r in equ. (i), we get
Area of major segment = Area of circle – Area of minor ⇒ p × 14 × h = 88
segment PRQP.
22
⇒ × 14 × h =88 ⇒ h = 2 cm (1 M)
= πr2 – 17.89 = 22 × 14 × 14 − 17.89 7
7
78. Given, height of the cylinder = 10 cm
= 616 – 17.89 ≈ 598.11 cm2 (1 M) radius of base = 3.5 cm
75. Given, Radius of circle = 10 cm Total surface area of the article = curved surface area of
the cylinder + 2 × surface area of hemisphere. ...(i)
Now, the curved scarface area of the cylinder = 2πrh
O
1
60° 0
10

P Q
R

Angle of minor sector at centre = 60°

θ
Now, Area of sector
= × πr 2
360°
area of circle = pr2 (1 M)
22
Area of minor segment PRQ = 2× × 3.5 × 10 = 220 cm2  (1 M)
7
= Area of sector OPRQ – Area of ∆OPQ 22 2
Now surface area of the hemisphere = 2π r2 = 2 × × ( 3.5 )
7
60° 3
= × 3.14 × 102 − × (side) 2  (1 M) 22 35 35
360° 4 = 2× × × = 77cm 2  (1 M)
7 10 10
3 ∴ Total surface area of the article = 220 + 2 × 77 = 374 cm2
= 52.33 − (10) 2 = 52.33 – 43.30 ≈ 9.03 cm2 (1 M)
4  (1 M)
Area of major sector = Area of circle – Area of minor 79. Given, Radius of conical heap = 12 m
segment PRQ 1 2 1 22
 volume of rice= πr h = × × (12) 2 × 3.5 = 528 m3
= πr2 – 9.03 = 3.14 × 10 × 10 – 9.03 ≈ 304.97 cm2 (1 M) 3 3 7

(1 M)
76. (d) For new cuboid formed
Area of canvas cloth required = πrl
A = 2 (lb + bh + hl) (l = 20, b = 10, h = 10)
= 2 (200 + 100 + 200) = 1000 cm2 =l 122 + (3.5) 2 = 12.5 m (1 M)

For cube of 10 cm length A = 10 × 10 = 100 cm2 22

Now, area of canvas required = × 12 × 12.5 = 471.4 m2
7
Hence, Assertion is not true but reason is true.(1 M)  (1 M)

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80. \ Area of canvas needed = curved surface area of cone
+ curved surface area of cylinder.
d d
2.4 cm = prl + 2prh ⇒ π 2 l + 2π 1 h
2 2
22 3
= × × [2.8 + 2 × 2.1] = 33 m2 (1 M)
0.7 cm 7 2
\The area of canvas needed = 33 m2
Given, height of cylinder = 2.4 cm,
Given, cost of canvas is `500 /m2
radius of cylinder = 0.7 cm
\ Total cost of canvas = `(500 × 33) = `16500. (1 M)
Now, a right circular cone is cut out from the cylinder with
same height & radius (1 M) 83. r = radius of the hemisphere = 3.5 cm
\ Total surface area of the remaining solid = (curved and let, ‘h’ is the height of the cone
surface area of cylinder) + (curved surface area of cone) + Total volume of solid wooden toy
(area of top of the cylinder). h
= volume of cone
= 2prh + pr + pr2 + volume of hemisphere
Now, slant height of cone,  = h2 + r 2 5 1 2
⇒ 166 cm3 = πr 2 h + πr 3 r = 3.5 cm
6 3 3
= (2.4)2 + (0.7)2 cm = 5.76 + 0.49 cm
1001 1
= 6.25 cm = 2.5 cm (1 M) ⇒ = π× r 2 (h + 2r )
6 3
\ Total surface area of remaining solid
1001 1 22
= 2prh + pr + pr2 = pr (2h +  + r) ⇒ = × × (3.5) 2 (h + 7)  (1 M)
6 3 7
22
= p × 0.7 (2(2.4) + 2.5 + 0.7) = × 0.7 × 8 = 17.6 cm2 1001 462
7 ⇒ = h + 7 ⇒ h = ⇒ h = 6 cm (1 M)
Hence, the total surface area of the remaining solid is 77 77
17.6 cm2. (1 M) Height of toy = h + r = 6 + 3.5 = 9.5 cm
81. Given; Side of a Cube = 6 cm Surface area of hemisphere = 2pr2 = 2p(3.5)2 = 77 cm2
Total surface area of cube = 6 × (Side)2 = 216 cm2 Cost of painting the hemispherical part of the toy
Area coverd on the face of cube by circular part of = 77 × 10 = ` 770  (1 M)
22 3.5 3.5 77
hemisphere = pr2 = × × = (1 M) 13. Statistics
7 2 2 8
curved surface area of hemisphere 84. (a) Since the median is the middle value of the data set when
22 3.5 3.5 77  it is arranged in ascending order, increasing every value by
= 2pr2 = 2 × × × = (1 M)
7 2 2 4 the same amount won't change its position relative to other
Now total surface area = Surface area of cube – area of values but the median of the new data increases by 2. (1 M)
circular part + area of hemisphere 85.
77 77 1728 − 77 + 154 Cost of Living Index No. of Weeks (f) cf
= 216 − + = = 225.625 cm2 (1 M)
8 4 8 1400 – 1550 8 8
1550 – 1700 15 23
2.

82. Given dimensions of cylindrical part,

8
m

1700 – 1850 21 44
Height, h1 = 2.1 m; Diameter, d1 = 3m
1850 – 2000 8 52
Dimensions of conical part,
N = ∑f = 52
Slant height, l = 2.8 m;
2.1 m

Here, N = 52 (½
½ M)
Diameter of cone d2
N 52
= diameter of cylinder d1 = 3 cm (1 M) ⇒ = = 26 
2 2
Now, Area of canvas needed = \ 26 will lie in the class interval 1700 – 1850.
curved surface area of tent 3m \ Median class is 1700 – 1850. (½
½ M)

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 15

86. From the given table, modal class is 80 – 100
Maximum frequency is 25 for shoes size 5 (½
½ M) f1 − f 0
Now, mode = l+ ×h (½
½ M)
Hence, modal size of shoes is 5 (½
½ M) 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2
87. l = 80, f1 = 18, f0 = 12, f2 = 5, h = 20
C.I fi xi xi fi 18 − 12
mode =
80 + × 20  (½
½ M)
3–5 5 4 20 2 × 18 − 12 − 5
5–7 10 6 60 6 × 20
7–9 10 8 80 = 80 + = 86.32(approx)
19
9 – 11 7 10 70 Hence, required pocket money = ` 86.32 (approx) (½
½ M)
11 – 13 8 12 96 90. We will use the mid-point of each interval to represent the
Total Σfi = 40 Σxi fi = 326 marks for calculation.
(1 M) Interval Class mark No. of students
From the above table we have, (xi) (fi)
Σfi = 40 and Σxi fi = 326 0–10 5 12
Σxi fi 326 10–20 15 23
 Mean = = = 8.15  (1 M)
Σf i 40 20–30 25 34
88. 30–40 35 25
C.I fi 40–50 45 6  (1 M)
0 – 20 6
20 – 40 8 Mean =
∑ fi xi  (½ M)
40 – 60 10
∑ fi
60 – 80 12 ( 5 ×12 ) + (15 × 23) + ( 25 × 34 ) + ( 35 × 25) + ( 45 × 6 )
=
80 – 100 6 12 + 23 + 34 + 25 + 6
100 – 120 5 (½ M)
60 + 345 + 850 + 875 + 270 2400
120 – 140 3 = = = 24  (1 M)
100 100
Highest frequency = 12 91.
Modal class = 60 – 80 Class Frequency xi di = xi fidi
l = 60, f0 = 10, f1 = 12, f2 = 6 and h = 20 (1 M) Interval fi – 55
 1f −f
0  10 – 20 8 15 –40 –320
 Mode = l +  h  (½
½ M)
2
 1 0 f2 
f − f − 20 – 30 7 25 –30 –210
30 – 40 12 35 –20 –240
 12 − 10  2
60 + 
=  × 20 = 60 + × 20 = 60 + 5 = 65 40 – 50 23 45 –10 –230
 2 × 12 − 10 − 6  8
(½ ½ M) 50 – 60 11 55 = A 0 0
89. 60 – 70 13 65 10 130
Pocket money in ` No. of students 70 – 80 8 75 20 160

0 – 20 2 80 – 90 6 85 30 180
90 – 100 12 95 40 480
20 – 40 2
∑fi = 100 ∑fidi = –50
40 – 60 3
60 – 80 12 (2 Mark)
80 – 100 18 Let A = 55 [Assumed Mean]
100 – 120 5 Σfidi (–50)
\ Mean = A + = 55 + = 55 – 0.5 = 54.5
120 – 140 2 Σfi 100
 (½
½ M) \ The mean is 54.5. (1 M)

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92. Favourable numbers = 4, 1, 0, 1, 4
Marks No. of Student xi di = xi fidi ∴ The number of favourable number n(E) = 5
(fi) – 55 Total number n(S) = 7 (½
½ M)
0–10 1 5 –50 –50 n( E ) 5
∴ Probability of x2 ≤ 4 = =  (1 M)
10–20 3 15 –40 –120 n( S ) 7
20–30 7 25 –30 –210 96. (i) We know, when a die is thrown, total possible outcomes = 6
30–40 10 35 –20 –200  Prime numbers are 2, 3 and 5
40–50 15 45 –10 –150 ∴ Total number of prime numbers = 3
50–60 x 55 = A 0 0 ∴ P(getting a prime number)
60–70 9 65 10 90 Total no.of favourableoutcomes 3 1
= = =  (1 M)
70–80 27 75 20 540 Total no.of possibleoutcomes 6 2
80–90 18 85 30 540 (ii) Since, numbers between 2 and 6 are 3, 4, and 5
90–100 y 95 40 40y ∴ Total number between 2 and 6 = 3
3 1
∑fi = 90 + x + y ∑fidi = 440 + 40y ∴ P(Getting a number between 2 and 6)= =  (1 M)
6 2
(2 Marks) 97. The possible outcomes
Here, h = 10, A = 55 = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT} (1 M)
Σf i d i \ Total no. of possible outcomes = 8
440 + 40 y
We know, Mean = A + ⇒ 59 = 55 + (i) Number of favourable outcomes at least two heads
Σf i 90 + x + y
= {HHT, HHH, HTH, THH} = 4
440 + 40 y 4 1
⇒ 4 ⇒ 440 + 40y = 360 + 4x + 4y
= \ Probability of at least 2 heads = =  (1 M)
90 + x + y 8 2
⇒ 4x – 36y = 80 ⇒ x – 9y = 20 ...(i) (ii) Number of favourable outcomes at most two heads
= {HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT} = 7
and given ∑fi = 120
7
⇒ 90 + x + y = 120 ⇒ x + y = 30 ...(ii) (1 M) \ Probability of at most 2 heads =  (1 M)
8
Adding equation (i) + 9 × (ii), we get
98. The event is that two dies are thrown together
10x = 290 ⇒ x = 29 \ The sample space is,
From equation (ii) {(1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (6, 1),
29 + y = 30 ⇒ y = 1 (1 M) (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (6, 2),
(1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 3), (5, 3), (6, 3),
14. Probability (1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4), (5, 4), (6, 4),
(1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 5), (6, 5),
93. (d) Let A be the event of winning the game and A be the
(1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 6), (4, 6), (5, 6), (6, 6)}
event of not winning (losing) the game.
Given P(A) = 0.79 \ Total no. of outcomes = 36. (2 Marks)

We know that P(A) + P( A ) = 1 (i) No. of outcomes with even sum = 18

⇒ 0.79 + P( A ) = 1 no. of outcomes with even sum
\ P(even sum) =
⇒ P( A ) = 1 – 0.79 = 0.21 (1 M) total no. of outcomes
18 1
94. Total number of possible outcomes in an English alphabet = 26 = =  (1 M)
36 2
Total number of favourable outcomes of chosen letter is a
consonant = 21 (ii) No. of outcomes with even product = 27
21 no. of outcomes with even product
\ P( E ) =  (1 M) \ P(even product) =
26 total no. of outcomes
95. Given numbers –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3 27 3
= =  (1 M)
Square of the given numbers = 9, 4, 1, 0, 1, 4, 9 (½
½ M) 36 4

100 Most Probable Questions (Explanations) 17

99. Chances of arrow = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} 1
n(s) = 8 P(drawing a ball bears number 8) = (1 M)
15
we know, (ii) Even number balls are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14
Favourable outcome Total number of even balls = 7 (1 M)
Probability =  (1 M)
Total outcomes 7
P(drawing a ball bears an even number) = (1 M)
(i) Let A be a event of an odd number. 15
n ( A) 4 1 OR
P ( A=
) = =  (1 M)
n(S ) 8 2 Number of ball bears a number which is a multiple of
(ii) Let B be a Event of a number greater than 3 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 (1 M)
B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8} \ Total number of ball bears a number, which is a
multiple of 3 = 5.
5
n(B) = 5 ⇒ P ( B ) =  (1 M) P(drawing a ball bears a number having a multiple
8
5 1
(iii) Let C be a event of a number less than 9 of 3)
= = (1 M)
15 3
C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
(iii) Number of solid coloured balls = 8
8
n(C) = 8 ⇒ P ( C )= = 1  (1 M) Number of solid coloured balls having an even
8 number = 4
100. (i) Total number of balls = 15 P(drawing a solid coloured and bears an even number
Number of ball bears numbers 8 = 1 4
ball) = (1 M)
15

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