2021-2022 MHZ4553 Engineering Mathematics III Model Answers
2021-2022 MHZ4553 Engineering Mathematics III Model Answers
Assignment No.01
Due date: Academic Year: 2021/22
I. (𝒙𝟐 −𝟗)
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = (𝒙+𝟓)(𝒙𝒚−𝟑𝒚)
II. 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙
𝒈(𝒙, 𝒚) = + 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙𝒚)
𝐲
III. 𝐥𝐧(𝒖)
𝒉(𝒖, 𝒗) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒗
I. (𝑥 2−9)
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥+5)(𝑥𝑦−3𝑦)
(𝑥−3)(𝑥+3)
= (𝑥+5)𝑦(𝑥−3)
𝑥+3
= 𝑦(𝑥+5)
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛(𝑓) = { 𝑥 ≠ −5, 𝑦 ≠ 0}
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b. Check whether the following functions are continuous or not.
I. 𝟐
𝝅𝒚 𝐬𝐢𝐧 , (𝒙, 𝒚) ≠ (𝟎, 𝟎)
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = { 𝒙
𝟎, (𝒙, 𝒚) = (𝟎, 𝟎)
II. 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐+𝟔𝒙𝒚𝟐+𝟒𝒙+𝟐𝒚𝟐
, (𝒙, 𝒚) ≠ (𝟎, 𝟎)
𝒈(𝒙, 𝒚) = { 𝟐𝒙+𝒚𝟐
𝟎, (𝒙, 𝒚) = (𝟎, 𝟎)
I. 𝑓 (0,0) = 0
2
lim 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = lim 𝜋𝑦 sin
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) (𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) 𝑥
2
= lim 𝜋𝑚𝑥 sin
(𝑥,𝑚𝑥)→(0,0) 𝑥
2
= lim 𝜋𝑚𝑥 sin
𝑥→0 𝑥
2
= 𝑚𝜋 lim 𝑥 sin
𝑥→0 𝑥
2
sin
𝑥
= 2𝑚𝜋 lim 2
𝑥→0
𝑥
= 2𝑚𝜋
II. 𝑔(0,0) = 0
12𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 2
lim 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) = lim
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) (𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2
12𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑚 2 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2𝑚 2 𝑥 2
= lim
(𝑥,𝑚𝑥)→(0,0) 2𝑥 + 𝑚 2 𝑥 2
12𝑥 + 6𝑚 2 𝑥 2 + 4 + 2𝑚 2 𝑥
= lim
𝑥→0 2 + 𝑚2 𝑥
4
=
2
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=2
c. 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟑𝒙𝒚
+ 𝒙𝒚, (𝒙, 𝒚) ≠ (𝟎, 𝟎)
Let 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = { 𝒚𝟐 +𝟐𝒙𝟑
𝟎, (𝒙, 𝒚) = (𝟎, 𝟎)
II. Therefore,
III. [𝑓𝑥(0,0+ℎ)−𝑓𝑥(0,0)] 3ℎ 3
𝑓𝑥𝑦 (0,0) = lim = lim +ℎ=∞
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ 4
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2. a. Find 𝛁𝒇 for 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 ) + 𝒙𝒚 at 𝑷 = (𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟒).
𝜕𝑓
= cos(𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 ) 𝑦𝑧 2 + 𝑦
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑓
𝜕𝑦
= cos(𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 ) 𝑥𝑧 2 + 𝑥
𝜕𝑓
= cos(𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 ) 2𝑥𝑦𝑧
𝜕𝑧
b. Suppose that the velocity of the point (x, y, z) in space is given by 𝑽(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) =
𝟕𝟎
𝟏+𝟐𝒙𝟐 ++𝒚𝟐 +𝟑𝒛𝟐
where V is measured in m/s and x, y, z in meters.
I. In which direction does the velocity increase test of the point (1, -1, 3)?
I. 70
𝑉(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) =
1+2𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +3𝑧 2
|𝛁 . V| = √78400+19600+1587600
31
Page 4 of 13
|𝛁 . V| = √1685600
31
1
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = ln 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ [ , 8]
8
1
Using the Mean Value Theorem for 𝑝, 𝑞 ∈ [8 , 8],
1
= 𝑥 |𝑝 − 𝑞|
≤ 8|𝑝 − 𝑞|
𝜕𝑓(𝑎) 𝜕𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑎 ) + 𝜕𝑥
(𝑥 − 𝑎1 ) +
𝜕𝑦
(𝑦 − 𝑎2 )
= 2 + 2(𝑥 − 1) + 2𝑦
= 2𝑥 + 2𝑦
1 𝜕 𝜕𝑓(𝑎) 𝜕 𝜕𝑓(𝑎)
𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) + 2 𝜕𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑎1 )2 + (𝑥 − 𝑎1 )(𝑦 − 𝑎2 ) +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
1 𝜕 𝜕𝑓(𝑎)
(𝑦 − 𝑎2 )2
2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
= 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2(𝑥 − 1)𝑦 + 2𝑦 2
= 2(𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)
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e. Show that following functions are functionally dependent by using Jacobian
matrix.
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟑
𝒈(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙 − 𝒚
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
𝜕(𝑓, 𝑔) 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 | 6𝑦 2 | = −2𝑥 − 6𝑦 2 ≠ 0
= || = |2𝑥
𝜕 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝑔 𝜕𝑔| 1 −1
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
I. 5
1
2
Let 𝐴 = ( 5 )
2
1
𝑄(𝑥) = 𝑥𝐴𝑥 𝑇
5
1 2
= (𝑥1 𝑥2 ) ( 5 ) (𝑥1 𝑥2 )𝑇
2
1
5 5
= (𝑥1 + 2 𝑥2 2
+ 𝑥2 ) (𝑥1 𝑥2 )𝑇
5 5
= 𝑥12 + 𝑥1 𝑥2 + 𝑥1 𝑥2 + 𝑥22
2 2
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II. Let 𝜆 ∈ ℝ.
5
1−𝜆
2
Then the eigen values of 𝐴 can be found by 𝑑𝑒𝑡 (( 5 )) = 0.
1−𝜆
2
25 3 7
Hence (1 − 𝜆)2 − 4
= 0 gives 𝜆 = − 2 and 𝜆 = 2.
Therefore since 𝐴 has both positive and negative eigen values, 𝐴 is indefinite.
I. 5
∇𝑓 = 𝟎 𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑥1 = −1 and 𝑥2 = ±√3.
5
So, 𝒙𝟎 = (−1, ±√3) is the critical points of 𝑓.
∆= 12𝑥2
5 5
At (−1, √3) ∆> 𝟎 f has a minimum at (−1, √3)
5
At (−1, −√3) ∆< 0 f does not have a local extremum at
5
(−1, −√ )
3
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III.
Let 𝑔(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) = 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 7.
𝜆−2 𝜆+5
Thus 𝑥1 = and 𝑥2 = √ .
2 3
34
Since 𝑔(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) = 0, we get λ = 22, and 3
.
34 14 7
Hence 𝜆 = 𝑥1 = and 𝑥2 = .
3 3 3
Hence 𝜆 = 22 𝑥1 = 10 and 𝑥2 = 3.
14 7
Then 𝑓 ( 3 , 3) = 26.148. 𝑓 (10,3) = 126
a. 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐
b. 𝒈(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚𝒛
I. a.
Page 8 of 13
b.
c.
𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 2 2
𝐻𝑓 = [ 𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓
]=[ ]
2 −2
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2
First principal minors of the Hessian are 2 and -2. Therefore by theorem
8.3 and 8.4 𝑓 is neither convex nor concave.
𝜕2 𝑔 𝜕2 𝑔 𝜕2 𝑔
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑧
2 −𝑧 −𝑦
𝜕2 𝑔 𝜕2 𝑔 𝜕2 𝑔
𝐻𝑔 = =[ −𝑧 2 −𝑥 ]
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑧
𝜕2 𝑔 𝜕2 𝑔 𝜕2 𝑔
−𝑦 −𝑥 2
[ 𝜕𝑧𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 2 ]
Page 9 of 13
d. Find the global maximum/ minimum of 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓, −𝟔 ≤ 𝒙 ≤
+𝟔. Then determine the local maximum/ minimum.
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 + 5.
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 12
𝑥 = ±2 , 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0.
𝑓 (−2) = −8 + 24 + 5 = 21
𝑓 (2) = 8 − 24 + 5 = −11
So 𝑓(6) = 149 is the global maximum and 𝑓(−6) = −139 is the global minimum.
4.
a. 𝟏
Show that any field line of the given vector field 𝐅(𝐱, 𝐲) = (− 𝐲, 𝐱) is a
𝟐
circle(ellipse) centered on the (2, 0) (0,0).
g ′ (t) = F(g(t))
1
(x ′ (t), y′ (t)) = (− y(t), x(t))
2
dx 1 dy
= − y(t) , = x(t).
dt 2 dt
Page 10 of 13
dy dy dx
=
dt dx dt
dy 2x
= −
dx y
∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = C, C is a constant
b. Find the equations of tangent plane and the normal line to the surface at the
point (1, 2, 0) 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝐱𝐳 = 𝟎.
Given surface 2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 3xz = 0 , Point (1, 2, 0)
∇𝐹 = (4𝑥 + 3𝑧, −2𝑦, 3𝑥)
So,
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧
= =
4𝑥 + 3𝑧 −2𝑦 3𝑥
𝜑 = 𝑥 2 𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦𝑧 2
𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
∇𝜑 = 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
∇𝜑 at (1, 2, -1)
∇𝜑 = 6𝒊 + 9𝒋 − 3𝒌
Page 11 of 13
𝑑𝜑 𝑃 1
= 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜑 = (6𝒊 + 18𝒋 + 3𝒌)
𝑑𝑆 |𝑃 | √6
The coordinates of the point are found by substituting each value of t in turn into
the equations giving the points (-4, 2, 3), (-2, ½ , 7/2), (0, 0, 4), (2, ½ , 9/2 ), (4, 2,
5).
II. 𝒄 = 𝒄_𝟐: the quarter circles centered at the origin with the radius 𝟐.
I. 𝑐 = 𝑐1
𝑑𝑟
𝑥 = 2 − 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 and 𝑭 = 2(2 − 𝑡)2 𝑖 + 3𝑡𝑗 ; 𝑑𝑡
= (−𝑖 + 𝑗)
𝑡2
𝑑𝑟
∫ 𝑭 𝑑𝑟 = ∫ (𝑭 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑡1 𝑑𝑡
2
= ∫0 (−2(2 − 𝑡)2 + 3𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
2
= ∫0 (−8 − 2𝑡 2 + 11𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
2 11
= −[8𝑡]20 − [𝑡 3 ]20 + [𝑡 2 ]20
3 2
16
= −16 − + 22
3
16
= 6− 3
2
=3
Page 12 of 13
II. 𝑐 = 𝑐2
𝑡2
𝑑𝑟
∫ 𝑭 𝑑𝑟 = ∫ (𝑭 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑡1 𝑑𝑡
𝜋/2
=∫ 2(4𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 ). −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 𝑖 + 3(2 sin 𝑡).2 cos 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0
𝜋
2
= ∫ −16𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 + 12 sin 𝑡 cos 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0
𝜋
𝜋
16 2 3
= [ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡] − [cos 2𝑡]02
3 0 2
16
=−
3
c.
(0,3)
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