A Mini-Project Report on

“CAR RENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

Submitted by

Darshith L (U03NM21T029008)
Payal S (U03NM21T029039)
Under the guidance of

Mr. Suman
Research Scholar
Department of Computer Science,
UVCE

Department of Computer Science and engineering

UNIVERSITY OF VISVESVARAYA COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING
K.R Circle, Bengaluru - 560026

June - 2024
BANGALORE UNIVERSITY
 BANGALORE UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF VISVESVARAYA COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING
K.R Circle, Bengaluru - 560026

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Darshith L of V Semester, [Link], Computer Science and

Engineering, bearing the register number U03NM21T029008 has submitted the
DBMS MiniProject Report on “TOURISM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”, in
partial fulfillment for the DBMS Lab, prescribed by the Bangalore University for
the academic year 2023-24.

Mr. Suman Dr. Triveni J

Research Scholar, Professor and Chairperson
Dept. of CSE, Dept. of CSE,
UVCE UVCE

Examiner:

1. ……………………. 2. …………………….
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to thank our institution University Visvesvaraya College of

Engineering for having given me an opportunity to carry out this project.

I would like to thank [Link] S Vizhian , Principal, UVCE, for providing us all the
facilities to work on this project. I am indebted to him for being my pillar of strength and
inspiration.

I wish to place my gratitude thanks to Dr. Triveni J, Professor and Chairperson,

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, UVCE, who helped me to make
my project a great success.

I am grateful to Dr. Kumarswamy S, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer

Science and Engineering, UVCE, for his valuable suggestions and support, which has
sustained me throughout the course of the project.

I am thankful to Mr. Suman, Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science

and Engineering, UVCE, for his constant support during the course of the project.

I express my sincere thanks to all teaching and non-teaching staff, Department of

Computer Science and Engineering, UVCE for all the facilities that they have provided
me for successfully completing this project. I also thank my parents and friends for their
continuous support and encouragement.

Darshith L
(U03NM21T029008)
 Abstract

The Car Rental Management System (CRMS) is a web-based application developed as

part of a mini-project for the Database Management Systems (DBMS) laboratory.
The primary objective of this project is to streamline the process of renting vehicles,
enhancing both user experience and administrative efficiency. Built using the Django
framework, along with HTML and CSS for the front-end, this system leverages
robust database management principles to ensure data integrity and reliability.

CRMS provides a user-friendly interface where customers can browse available cars,
check rental rates, and make reservations. The system includes features for user
registration, authentication, and profile management, ensuring secure and personalized
user experiences. Administrators have access to a comprehensive dashboard to manage
car listings, rental transactions, and customer inquiries, allowing for efficient oversight
and maintenance of rental operations.

Key functionalities of the system include real-time car availability tracking, dynamic
pricing based on rental duration, and detailed rental history records. The integration of
Django's ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) facilitates seamless database interactions,
while HTML and CSS ensure a responsive and intuitive user interface.

This project demonstrates the practical application of DBMS concepts such as relational
database design, data normalization, and query optimization. Through the
development of CRMS, we have achieved a scalable and maintainable solution that
addresses the complexities of car rental management, providing valuable insights into the
development and deployment of database-driven web applications.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl. No Title Page no.

1 Introduction 1
2 Literature Review 6
3 Proposed Work 9
4 Results and Screen Shots 23
5 Conclusion 32
6 Bibliography 34
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No Title Page no.

1 Index Page(1) 23
2 Index Page(2) 23
3 Agency Registration Page 24
4 User Registration Page 24
5 Customer Login Page 25
6 Customer Home Page(1) 25
7 Customer Home Page(2) 26
8 Customer Home Page(3) 26
9 Car Details Page 27
10 Booking Page 27
11 Confirmation Page 28
12 Profile Page 28
13 Agency Login Page 29
14 Agency Profile Page 29
 Car Rental Management System

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview
A Car Rental Management System (CRMS) is a sophisticated software solution
designed to streamline and optimize the operations of car rental services. This
system features an intuitive user interface and a responsive design, ensuring
seamless access across various devices for administrators, staff, and customers. It
includes a comprehensive customer management module that maintains detailed
profiles, tracks rental history, and provides secure authentication and support
through integrated helpdesk features. The vehicle management component
maintains an exhaustive database of the fleet, including specifications, availability,
and maintenance schedules, ensuring vehicles are well-maintained and ready for
rental. The reservation and booking system allows customers to easily browse
available vehicles, make reservations, and manage their bookings online, supported
by real-time updates on vehicle availability. Additionally, the system offers
advanced billing and invoicing capabilities, generating accurate invoices,
processing payments securely, and handling various pricing models and discounts.
Robust reporting and analytics tools provide valuable insights into business
performance, customer behavior, and operational efficiency, aiding in strategic
decision-making. Integrated marketing tools help attract and retain customers
through promotional campaigns and loyalty programs. With stringent security
measures to protect sensitive data and ensure regulatory compliance, the CRMS
enhances operational efficiency, improves customer satisfaction, and drives
business growth.

1.2 Database Management System:

A database management system (DBMS) is system software for creating and

managing databases. The DBMS provides users and programmers with a
systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data. The DBMS

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essentially serves as an interface between the database and end users

application programs, ensuring that data is consistently organized and remains
easily accessible.

The DBMS manages three important things: the data, the database
engine that allows data to be accessed, locked and modified, and the database
schema, which defines the database’s logical structure. These three
foundational elements help to provide concurrency, security, data integrity and
uniform administration procedures. Typical database administration tasks
supported by the DBMS include change management, performance
monitoring/tuning and backup and recovery. Many database management
systems are also responsible for automated rollbacks, restarts and recovery as
well as the logging and auditing of active.

1.2.1 Characteristics of Database Management System

➢ Self-describing nature.

➢ Keeps a tight control on data redundancy.

➢ Enforces user defined rules to ensure that integrity of table data.

➢ Provides insulation between Programs and data, Data abstraction.

➢ Helps sharing of data and Multi-user transaction processing.

1.2.2 Advantages of DBMS:

➢ Controlling the redundancy.

➢ Restricting unauthorized access.

➢ Providing persistent storage for program objects.
➢ Providing storage structures for efficient query processing.
➢ Providing multiple users interfaces

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➢ Representing complex relationships among data.

➢ Enforcing integrity constraints.

1.3 MySQL

MySQL is an Oracle-backed open-source relational database

management system (RDBMS) based on Structured Query Language (SQL).
MySQL runs on virtually all platforms, including Linux, UNIX and Windows.
Although it can be used in a wide range of applications, MySQL is most often
associated with web applications and online publishing.

MySQL is an important component of an open-source enterprise stack

called LAMP. LAMP is a web development platform that uses Linux as the
operating system, Apache as the web server. The ANSI standard SQL provides
basic functions for data manipulation, transaction control, and record retrieval
from the database. However, most end users interact with Oracle through
applications that provide an interface that hides the underlying SQL and its
complexity.

Originally conceived by the Swedish company MySQL AB, MySQL

was acquired by Sun Microsystems in 2008 and then by Oracle when it bought
Sun in 2010. Developers can use MySQL under the GNU General Public
License (GPL), but enterprises must obtain a commercial license from Oracle.

1.3.1 CREATE:
This command is used to create a table or view by giving it a name and
specifying its attributes and constraints. The attributes are specified first,
and each attribute is given a name, a data type to specify its domain values,
and any attribute constraints such as NOT NULL.
SYNTAX: CREATE TABLE <TNAME> (ATR1 TYP1 CONST1,
ATR2 TYP2 CONST2, …)

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1.3.2 ALTER:
The definition of a base table can be altered by ALTER command which is
a Schema Evolution command. The possible ALTER TABLE includes
adding or dropping a column (attribute), changing a column definition, and
adding or dropping table constraints.
SYNTAX: ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD NAME VARCHAR (12)

1.3.3 DROP:
If a whole schema is not needed any more, the DROP SCHEMA command
can be used. There are two drop behavior options: CASCADE and
RESTRICT.
CASCADE option is used to remove the database schema and all its tables,
domains and other elements. If the RESTRICT option is chosen in place of
CASCADE, the schema is dropped only it has no elements in it; otherwise,
the DROP command will not be executed.
SYNTAX: DROP TABLE STUDENT CASCADE

1.3.4 Statements in SQL:

Following are the important statements used in SQL.

1)SELECT - Used to retrieve the information from the relation.
2)INSERT - Used to insert the new values to the relation.
3)DELETE - Used to delete one or more existing tuples from the relation.
4)UPDATE - Used to update already existing values in the relation.

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1.3.5 Aggregate Functions in SQL:

Following aggregate functions are provided by the SQL.
1) COUNT - Returns number of tuples.
2) SUM - Returns sum of entries in a column.
3) MAX - Returns Maximum value from an entire column.
4) MIN - Returns Minimum value from an entire column.
5) AVG - Returns Average of all the entries in a column.

1.3.6 Constraints in SQL:

Following constraints are provided by the SQL.
1) NOT NULL - Column should contain some value.
2) PRIMARY KEY - Should not allow duplicate and null values to a
column.
3) UNIQUE - Each value of a column should be unique.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Tools and Environment used:

Our whole system is designed via PHP and MySQL database. This is
web-based application so we can host it in some live web server then only
system requirement will be internet & a device. These listed items are
used to build this project.

2.1.1 SQL:
Structured Query Language, abbreviated as SQL, is a domain-specific
language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a
relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream
processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS). It is
particularly useful in handling structured data, i.e. data incorporating
relations among entities and variables

2.1.2 HTML:
The Hypertext Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup
language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can
be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and
scripting languages such as JavaScript.
Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from
local storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages.
HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically and originally
included cues for the appearance of the document.
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML
constructs, images and other objects such as interactive forms may be
embedded into the rendered page. HTML provides a means to create
structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as
headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes, and other items.

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2.1.3 CSS:
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for
describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language
such as HTML or XML (including XML dialects such as SVG, MathML
or XHTML). CSS is a cornerstone technology the World Wide Web,
alongside HTML and JavaScript.
CSS is designed to enable the separation of content and
presentation,including layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can
improve content accessibility; provide more flexibility and control in the
specification of presentation characteristics; enable multiple web pages to
share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .CSS
file,which reduces complexity and repetition in the structural content; and
enable the .CSS file to be cached to improve the page load speed between
the pages that share the file and its formatting.
Separation of formatting and content also makes it feasible to
present the same markup page in different styles for different rendering
methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice.

2.1.4 Django:

Django is a robust and versatile high-level Python web framework that

facilitates rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. It follows the "don't
repeat yourself" (DRY) principle, aiming to reduce redundancy and promote
efficiency in web development. Django's architecture, based on the
Model-Template-View (MTV) pattern, provides a structured approach to
building web applications. It includes a powerful ORM system for interacting
with databases, a dynamic admin interface for effortless content management,
and a flexible URL routing mechanism. Security is paramount with built-in
protections against common vulnerabilities.

Django's scalability and extensibility make it suitable for projects ranging from
content management systems and e-commerce platforms to data-driven
applications and beyond. Supported by a vibrant community and

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comprehensive documentation, Django empowers developers to create

complex web applications quickly and efficiently while maintaining best
practices in software development.

2.1.5 Java Script:

Java script is used for styling and internal calculations and manipulation
purposes.

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CHAPTER 3
PROPOSED WORK

3.1 Entity Relationship Diagram of “Car Rental Management System”:

Fig 3.1 Entity Relationship Diagram of “Car Rental Management System”

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An Entity relationship diagram shows the relationships of entity sets stored

in databases. An entity in this context is an object, a component of data. An
entity set is a collection of similar entities. These entities can have
attributes that define its properties.
An entity relationship diagram is a snapshot of data structure. An entity
relationship diagram shows entities (tables) in a database and relationships
between tables within that database. For a good database design, it is
essential to have an entity relationship diagram.

There are three basic elements in entity relationship diagram:

● Entities are the things for which we want to store information. An

entity is a person, place, thing or event.
● Attributes are the data we want to collect for an entity.
● Relationships describe the relations between the entities.

The elements of an entity-relationship diagram are:

● Entities
● Relationships
● Attributes

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3.2 Schema of Car Rental Management System

Agency:
Agency_name GST Agency_id Primary number Secondary Number

Agency_Location
Agency_id Location_id State District Locality Pincode

Customer:
fname mname lname Email Customer_id Phone_Number Sex DOB

State District Locality Pincode

car_models
model_id Manufacturer Model Variant no_of_seats Type fuel

Year of Powe_in_CCr Mileage Airbags Torque On_road_Price

manufacturing

Car
Car_id Reg_id Owner_name Colo Per_KM condition_of_c model_deta location
r _Charge ar ils

reviews
Car_id Customer_id text

Description
Car_id Description

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Review of car
Review_id Car_id Text

Booking
Booking_i Customer_i Car_id From_Dat To_Date total_Price Payment_Details
d d e

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3.3 NORMALIZATION
Normalization is a database design technique that reduces data redundancy
and eliminates undesirable characteristics like Insertion, Update and
Deletion Anomalies.
Normalization rules divides larger tables into smaller tables and
links them using relationships. Normalization of data can be looked upon
as a process of analysing the given relation schemas based on their
Functional Dependencies and primary keys to achieve the desirable
properties of:

● Minimizing redundancy.
● Minimizing the insertion, deletion, and update anomalies

3.3.1 Functional Dependency:

The Functional Dependency denoted by X →Y, between two sets of
attributes X and Y that are subsets of R species a constraint on the possible
tuples that can form a relation stare r of R. The constraints are that for any
two tuples t1 and t2 in r that have t1[X] = t2[X].
This means that the values of the Y component of a tuple in r depend on, or
determined by the values of the X components. Alternatively, the values of
the X component of a tuple uniquely determine the values of the Y
component.

3.3.2 Database Normal Forms:

Here is a list of Normal Forms in SQL:
• 1NF (First Normal Form)
• 2NF (Second Normal Form)
• 3NF (Third Normal Form)
• BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form)
• 4NF (Fourth Normal Form)

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• 5NF (Fifth Normal Form)

a) First Normal Form (1NF):

It states that the domain of attribute must include only atomic be values and
that the value of any attribute in a tuple must be a single value from the
domain of the attribute. Hence 1NF disallows having a set of values a tuple
of values or a combination of both as an attribute value for a single tuple.

b) Second Normal Form (2NF):

This normal form is based on the full functional dependency. A functional
dependency X→Y is fully functional dependency if removal for any
attribute A from X means that dependency does not hold any more.
A relation schema R is in 2NF if every non-prime attribute A in R is fully
functionally dependent on the primary key of R.

c) Third Normal Form:

Third normal form (3NF) is based on the concept of transitive dependency.

A functional dependency X→Y in a relation schema R is a transitive
dependency if there is a set of attributes Z that is neither a candidate key
nor a subset of any key of R and both X→Z and Z→Y hold. A relation
schema R is in 3Nf if it satisfies 2NF and no non-prime attribute of R is
transitively dependent on the primary key.

A relation schema R is in 3Nf if it satisfies 2NF and no non-prime attribute of

R is transitively dependent on the primary key.

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3.4 Database description

Customer Table

Field Name Description Type Length

Customer_id (PK) User’s id varchar 10

fname User’s first name varchar 30

mname User’s middle name varchar 30

lname User’s last name varchar 30

sex gender char 1

dob Date of birth date

state State varchar 20

district District varchar 20

locality Locality varchar 50

pincode pincode varchar 50

password password varchar 50

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Agency Table

Field Name Description Type Length

agency_id (PK) Agency’s id varchar 10

agency_name Agency’s name varchar 50

GST Gst varchar 20

primary_phone_ Primary phone number varchar 10

number

secondary_phone_ Secondary phone number varchar 10

number

Admin Table

Field Name Description Type Length

adminid (PK) Admin’s id integer 11

username User’s id varchar 11

email email varchar 20

action action varchar 20

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Agency Location Table

Field Name Description Type Length

location_id(PK) Location’s id varchar 10

state Product’s name varchar 20

district Product’s price varchar 20

locality Product’s size varchar 50

pincode Product’s image int

agency_id brand varchar 10

Car_models Table

Field Name Description Type Length

model_id (PK) Model’s id varchar 10

manufacture Product’s id integer 11

model Model name integer 11

variant Variants varchar 100

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no_of_seats Number of seats integer 5

type_of_car Type of car varchar (10)

fuel Fuel char 1

year_of_manufacture Year of manufacture year

power_in_cc Power in cc integer 10

mileage mileage float 10

airbags Airbags integer 10

torque Torque integer 10

on_road_price Price decimal (12,2)

Car Table

Field Name Description Type Length

car_id (PK) Car’s id varchar 10

reg_id (PK) Register id varchar 20

owner_name Owner’s name varchar 50

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color Color varchar 20

per_km_charge Charge for per km float 10

condition_of_car Car’s condition char 1

model_details Details of the varchar 10

model

location Location varchar 10

available Availability of car char 1

Booking Details

Field Name Description Type Length

Booking_id(PK) Booking id varchar 10

Customer_id Customer id varchar 10

Car_id Order quantity integer 10

From_date From date date

To_date To date date

Total_price Total price float 10

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Return_done Return done varchar 2

Description

Field Name Description Type Length

Car_id (PK) Car’s id varchar 10

Text Text Text

Reviews

Field Name Description Type Length

Customer_id (PK) Customer’s id varchar 10

Car_id(PK) Car’s id varchar 10

Text Text Text 100

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Database Normalization in the Car Rental Management System

The database design of the Car Rental Management System strictly adheres to the
principles of Third Normal Form (3NF) to ensure data integrity and minimize
redundancy. This normalization process involves structuring the database in a way
that all tables comply with 3NF requirements, thereby optimizing the efficiency of
data storage and retrieval.

First Normal Form (1NF)

Atomic Attributes: All attributes in each table are atomic, meaning each attribute
contains indivisible values. For instance, a customer's full name is divided into
separate fields such as `FirstName` and `LastName`, ensuring that each field
contains only a single piece of information.
Unique Rows: Each table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each record,
ensuring that there are no duplicate rows.

Second Normal Form (2NF)

Elimination of Partial Dependencies: Each non-key attribute is fully functionally
dependent on the entire primary key. This means that in a composite primary key
scenario, no non-key attribute is dependent on only a part of the primary key. For
example, in a `Rental` table with a composite primary key of `RentalID` and
`VehicleID`, attributes like `RentalDate` and `ReturnDate` depend on the entire
primary key and not just a part of it.

Third Normal Form (3NF)

No Transitive Dependencies: There are no transitive dependencies in any table,
meaning non-key attributes do not depend on other non-key attributes. This ensures
that all non-key attributes are directly dependent only on the primary key. For
instance, in a `Customer` table, attributes like `CustomerAddress` and
`CustomerPhone` are directly dependent on `CustomerID` and not on each other.

By adhering to these normalization principles, the Car Rental Management

System's database ensures that:

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1. Data Redundancy is Minimized: Redundant data is eliminated, which

reduces storage costs and simplifies data maintenance.
2. Data Integrity is Enhanced: The structure prevents anomalies such as
update, insert, and delete anomalies, thereby maintaining data consistency.
3. Efficient Data Retrieval: With a well-structured database, queries are more
efficient, resulting in faster data retrieval and processing.

In summary, the rigorous normalization to 3NF in the Car Rental Management

System ensures a robust, efficient, and reliable database that supports the system’s
overall functionality and performance.

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CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND SCREENSHOTS

Fig 4.1 Index page

Fig 4.2 Index page

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Fig 4.3 Agency register page

Fig 4.4 User Registration page

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Fig 4.5 Customer Login page

Fig 4.6 Customer Home Page (Trending)

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Fig 4.7 Customer Home Page (Locality Cars)

Fig 4.8 Customer Home Page (Locality Cars)

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Fig 4.9 Car Details page

Fig 4.10 Booking page

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Fig 4.11 Confirm page

Fig 4.12 Profile page

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Fig 4.13 Agency Login page

Fig 4.14 Agency Profile page

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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

The development of the Car Rental Management System (CRMS) as a DBMS lab
mini-project has been an invaluable learning experience, covering a wide range of
skills and knowledge areas. Throughout this project, several key concepts and
techniques were mastered, contributing significantly to our understanding of web
development and database management.

Key learnings from this project include:

1. Django Framework Proficiency: We gained hands-on experience with the

Django framework, learning how to utilize its features to build a dynamic, secure,
and scalable web application. This included understanding the
Model-View-Template (MVT) architecture and leveraging Django’s ORM for
efficient database interactions.

2. Front-End Development Skills: By working with HTML and CSS, we

enhanced our ability to create responsive and user-friendly interfaces. This
involved mastering layout techniques, styling, and ensuring cross-browser
compatibility to improve the overall user experience.

3. Database Design and Management: The project required applying principles

of relational database design, including data normalization and entity-relationship
modeling. We learned to design an efficient database schema, manage data
integrity, and optimize queries to ensure the application performs well under
various conditions.

4. Data Handling and Security: We implemented user authentication and

authorization mechanisms to secure sensitive data. Understanding these security
practices was crucial for protecting user information and ensuring safe transactions
within the system.

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5. Version Control and Collaboration: Using Git for version control taught us the
importance of tracking changes and managing different versions of the codebase.
This practice is essential for collaboration and maintaining the integrity of the
project throughout its development lifecycle.

6. Problem-Solving and Debugging: Throughout the project, we encountered and

resolved various technical challenges. This improved our problem-solving skills
and our ability to debug complex issues, which are critical abilities in software
development.

7. Project Management and Documentation: Managing the project timeline,

setting milestones, and documenting our progress were key aspects of the
development process. These skills are crucial for ensuring that projects are
completed on time and that future developers can understand and maintain the
system.

In conclusion, the CRMS project has provided a comprehensive and practical

learning experience, significantly enhancing our competencies in web application
development and database management. The skills and knowledge gained through
this project will be foundational for our future endeavors in the field of software
development.

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CHAPTER 6

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Fundamentals of Database Systems (Authors: Ramez Elmasri, Shamkanth B.

Navathe)
**All steps mentioned as per the author in book is strictly taken and application,
schemas are developed accordingly.

[2] Django tutorial by W3Schools:

[Link]

[3] HTML tutorial by W3Schools:

[Link]

[4] MySQL tutorial by W3Schools:

[Link]

[5] Official documentation of Django:

[Link]

[6] Stack Overflow, Official documentation of MySQL for trouble shooting and
debbuging.

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