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Cooling Tower

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14 views7 pages

Cooling Tower

Uploaded by

raipardeep9600
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INSTRUCTION MANUAL

COOLING TOWER
OBJECTIVE
To study the cooling tower

AIM
To measure liquid flow rate, Air flow rate (L/G) in a cooling tower
To determine the efficiency of cooling tower.

THEORY
Cooling towers are widely used to dissipate heat to the environment. Typical,
a condenser of a power plant or of an air-conditioning/chilling system is cooled by water. The
warm water is transmitted to the cooling tower, where it is sprayed from the top of the tower.
The falling water passes through a series of baffles intended to keep the water as a thin film to
increase its surface area and to promote evaporation. Atmospheric air is supplied at the tower's
bottom. The air rises counter to the direction of the falling water. The air flow can be driven by
either buoyancy (natural draft) or by means of a fan (forced draft).
DESCRIPTION
The experimental apparatus is consist of a long vertical column. The cooling tower
accommodates counter flow of air and water. The air flows upwards while the water drips
downwards and spreads on the baffle plates. In the process, some of the water evaporates.
Primarily due to the latent heat of evaporation, the water cools down. Prior to its entering the
cooling tower, the water is heated (to simulate the "heating load") in the "load tank".
Subsequently, the water is pumped through a control valve that allows for the adjustment of the
flow rate and through a flow meter to the top of the column. After its temperature is measured,
the water is distributed over the top packing deck. The water spreads over the baffles and flows
downwards as a thin film whose surface is exposed to the air. The cooled water leaves the
cooling tower and collects into the "load tank." Before reentering into the tank, the temperature
of the exiting water is measured.

UTILITIES REQUIRED
Water supply.
Drain.
Space required: 1.6m x 0.5
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. Clean the apparatus and make apparatus free from Dust.


2 Close the drain valves provided.
3 Close Flow Control Valve given at the bottom of bath tank.
4 Fill bath tank with Clean Water and ensure that no foreign particles are there.
5 Adjust the required temperature of hot water using DTC.
6 Wait for the increase in temperature
7 When the temperature raised up to 550C Start the flow through the flow through the rota-
meter controlling the flow up to a certain limit between 0.7 to 3.5 kg/m2-s .
8 Start the blower and adjust(between 1.6 to 2.8 kg/m2-s) the difference of level in the
manometer H=cm with the help of valve.
9 Note down the Temperature Sensor readings (1) to (6) at a time interval of 5minutes.
10 When the steady state is reached, record the final readings (1) to (6)

STANDARD DATA

1. Tower size:- 12”x 12”x48” (over all size)approx.


2. Centrifugal Blower with motor
3. Providing for Water Heating:- Instant type
4. Glass Tube Rotameter for water flow measurements
5. Dry/Wet Bulb Thermometer:-1 set
6. Water make the tank for cooling tower
7. Water Pump for cooling Tower
8. Water flow control value
9. Temperature Indicator:- Digital Type with RTD Sensors.
FORMUALE

Air flow rate = G kg/s-m2

Water flow rate = L ( kg water/s-m2)

Temp of water enterning to tower = T1

Temp of water leaving the tower = T2

Air enterning = Dry bulb


Wet bulb

Air leaving = Dry bulb


Wet bulb

manometer reading =

Air flow meter =


Air flow:
For air consumption measurement orifice is used.

Where Cd = Coefficient of discharge of orifice= 0.6


D = Orifice diameter = 34 mm
d = Pipe diameter = 68 mm
Ao = area of orifice = 9.079 * 10-04
g = Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2) = 9.81 m/s2
h = Differential head across orifice (m of water)
Wden = Water density (kg/m3) =@1000 kg/m3
Wair = Air density at working condition (kg/m3) = p/RT
Where,
p= Atmospheric pressure in kgf/m2 (1 Standard atm. = 1.0332´104 kgf/m2)
R= Gas constant = 29.27 kgf.m/kg°k
T= Atmospheric temperature in °k

Cooling Tower Efficiency


μ = (ti - to) 100 / (ti - twb)
where μ = cooling tower efficiency - common range between 70 - 75%

ti = inlet temperature of water to the tower (oC, oF)

to = outlet temperature of water from the tower (oC, oF)

twb = wet bulb temperature of air (oC, oF)

OBSERVATION TABLE

SR.NO Water Manometer T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6


flow rate difference

SR.NO AIR FLOW LIQUID FLOW EFFENCIEY


G L
NOMINICLUTURE

TI = Temp at inlet of water


T2 = temp at outlet of water
T3 = temp at dry bulb inlet
T4 = temp at wet bulb inlet
T5 = temp of dry bulb outlet
T6 = temp of wet bulb out let

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