BỘ BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 (FRIENDS GLOBAL)

Từ vựng + Ngữ Pháp + Bài tập theo từng Unit (308 TRANG, có đáp án từng
Unit)

Unit 1: Generations
1A. Vocabulary
• Stages of life
I. Complete the sentences with the words below.
child adult centenarian middle-aged
teens toddler elderly infants
1. A(n) __________ is a very young child who is just learning to walk.
2. A(n) __________ is someone who is a hundred years old or older.
3. Newborn __________ only a few hours old can distinguish between different voices.
4. Children cannot be admitted to the museum unless they are accompanied by a(n)
__________ .
5. For a(n) __________ of five, this is a terrifying experience.
6. The programmes have been highly successful at reducing poverty rates among the
__________ .
7. She was in her __________ when she met him.
8. His sisters are grown up and his parents are __________ .

II. Complete the text with the words below.

adolescence adulthood bring up a family childhood
early early twenties elderly old age
retire settle down start a career
Life ages and stages
1
____________
From the time you’re born until your 2 __________ teens, you learn basic skills: how to
eat, how to speak, how to play. You also start school.
3
_____________
Learn to drive: In most countries, people get a license between the ages of 16 and 18.
Late teens, 4 __________
Go travelling round the world: In many countries, young people take a long trip either
just before, or just after, college. This is usually when you finally complete the
transition from childhood to 5__________ .
6
__________ : This is the time when many people begin working seriously at a job.
20s - 30s
7
__________ : By this stage in life, many people are ready to get married and buy a
house.
8
__________ : It’s common for people at this age to start having children.
40s - 50s
Learn a new skill: By the time they reach their late forties or early fifties, many people
are good at their job and they’re ready to learn something more - either a hobby, a
new sport, or something that will help them at work.
60s -70s
9
__________ : After working for most of their lives so far, people in their mid-sixties are
ready to stop working and relax.

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80s - 90s
Enjoy 10 __________ : You may feel young in your heart, but at this age, you’re definitely
11
_____________ Congratulations!

• Life events
III. Complete the sentences with the words below in the correct form.
love settle down inherit born pass away
business emigrate retire divorce bring up
1. One third of all children are __________ into single-parent families in America.
2. He was __________ by his grandparents.
3. The couple __________ in 2000 and are back here on holiday to see friends and
relatives.
4. She falls in __________ with him because of his kind nature.
5. They got __________ only three years after they got married.
6. He __________ a fortune from his grandmother.
7. She wanted to start her own fashion __________ .
8. He had sat up with his granddad all night and was with him when he __________ .
9. He was forced to __________ early because of poor health.
10. They’d like to see their daughter __________ , get married, and have children.

• Attitude (adjectives)
IV. Complete the sentences with the words below.
optimistic accusing nostalgic bitter sympathetic
aggressive enthusiastic grateful complimentary urgent
1. When I said ‘no’, she became rude and __________ .
2. If he failed, it would be a(n) __________ disappointment to his parents.
3. In spite of all her problems, she manages to remain __________ .
4. He was in __________ need of medical attention.
5. I am extremely __________ for the assistance the team have provided.
6. His friends were very __________ when he lost his job.
7. Two pairs of __________ eyes focused on her.
8. The reviews of his latest film have been highly __________ .
9. Seeing those old school photographs has made me feel quite __________ .
10. I wanted to go, but Helen seemed less __________ .

• Noun and adjective endings

V. Choose the correct words.
1. John changed from a quiet boy into a friendly and cheerful elderly / adolescent /
toddler.
2. During adolescence / adulthood / middle-age, boys are sometimes very shy
and lacking in self-confidence.
3. We need to reduce our enthusiasm / sympathy / dependence on foreign
machinery.
4. Jane’s mother was dependent / optimistic / sarcastic on her for physical care.
5. The wheelchair gives him the freedom / emigration / emotion to go out on his
own.
6. We had a(n) dependent / free / irritated and open discussion about the matter.

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7. He became very private / ideal / emotional when we had to leave.
8. The dependence / emotion / safety was so intense that she spent most of the
film in tears.
9. He made some notes for his private / free / critical use.
10. With seven people squashed in one small house, they don’t get much
dependence / privacy / emotion.
11. At heart he remained a(n) adolescent / dependant / idealist about social
issues.
12. The scheme offers a(n) private / ideal / irritating opportunity for the young to
get training.

1B. Grammar
• Past tense contrast
I. Choose the correct answers.
1. It stopped / was stopping raining at 7 pm.
2. While I was cooking dinner, I had listened / listened to some music.
3. When I got home, my sister watched / was watching TV.
4. Yesterday he got up and had / was having a shower.
5. It was raining / rained so we decided to stay in and play some games.

II. Complete the sentences with the verbs below in the correct past tense.
finish interview buy eat check
1. David __________ a new employee when I arrived at work this morning.
2. After I __________ the post, I replied to some emails.
3. His secretary went out at 11.00 am and __________ them some cakes.
4. When the manager came in the canteen, I __________ my lunch.
5. I phoned back when I __________ the cake.
III. Complete the sentences using the past simple or the past continuous
form of the verbs in brackets.
1. It was difficult to see because it __________ (get) dark.
2. I __________ (listen) to my MP3 player, so I __________ (not hear) the phone.
3. Tom __________ (break) his leg while he __________ (play) football yesterday
morning.
4. The sun __________ (shine) so we __________ (decide) to go to the beach.
5. She __________ (wait) for the train when she __________ (see) the accident with the
young lady.
6. We __________ (have) dinner when we __________ (get) home.
IV. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences.
1. Did you buy / Were you buying/ Had you bought that dress in the sales?
2. The house was quiet because everyone went / was going / had gone out.
3. I got up / was getting up / had got up at 7 o’clock today.
4. I saw you yesterday in the post office. What did you do / were you doing / had
you done there?
5. I couldn’t open the door because I forgot / was forgetting / had forgotten my
keys.
6. She didn’t go / wasn’t going / hadn’t gone to the doctor because she forgot her
appointment.

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7. A dog ran onto the ground while they played / were playing / had played
football.
8. It was really hot and the sun shone / was shining / had shone.

V. Combine the sentences. Use the words in brackets and both the past
simple and the past perfect
Example: We did our homework. We went out. (after)
After we had done our homework, we went out.
1. They didn’t buy any petrol. Their car stopped, (because)
Their car .
2. Kate played football. Then she had a shower, (after)
Kate .
3. Jack lost his cellphone. He bought a new one. (because)
Jack .
4. Peter broke the TV set. His dad shouted at him. (because)
His dad .
5. We forgot to water the plants. They died, (because)
The plants .
6. I locked the front door. Then I left the house, (after)
I .
VI. Complete the sentences using the past simple, past continuous or past
perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1. David picked up the phone and __________ (call) his best friend.
2. It was a beautiful morning. The sun __________ (shine) and the world was bright.
3. Vicky didn’t want to see the film because she __________ (see) it before.
4. Who __________ you __________ (talk) to when I saw you last night? She looked
familiar.
5. I spent the afternoon listening to Rick’s songs, but I __________ (not like) them.
6. Jason __________ (play) in a band called Jetsam before he joined Metallica.
7. The musicians __________ (prepare) to go on stage when it started to rain.
8. While we were watching the concert, it __________ (stop) raining.
9. A lot of snow __________ (fall) yesterday, but it’s warmer today.
10. Kate and John __________ (know) each other for years before they became a
couple.
VII. Complete the sentences. Use the past simple, past continuous or past
perfect form of the verbs below. There is one verb you do not need.
become forget hear return stop take
1. When he __________ to his car, he found that someone had damaged it badly.
2. We were excited about seeing the band because we __________ only __________ them
on the internet.
3. I waited for hours outside in the cold because I __________ the keys to the house.
4. We could still see the mountains in the distance but it __________ dark quickly.
5. When __________ she __________ playing in the band?
VIII. Correct the underlined words.
1. We had ate fat too much, so we felt rather ill.
______________________________________________________________________________

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2. I played football yesterday and got very tired because I didn’t play football for a
long time.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. I hadn’t got to school on time today because I had got up late.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. It was rainy and they didn’t brought umbrellas.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. My aunt had got her driving licence after my uncle had bought a new car.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. We hadn’t got her a present before we had gone to her house.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Steve Jobs had created a computer company by the time he had been 22.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. I wanted to call you, but my brother hadn’t gave me your number.
______________________________________________________________________________

IX. Complete the text about a memorable experience with the correct verb
tenses.
When I was fifteen, I 1 __________ (go) to a music festival with my brother and his
friends. We 2__________ (arrive) on Friday evening, looked at the programme and
decided to go to the Main Stage to hear Metallica. As we 3 __________ (walk) across the
park, there was a flash of lightning. A storm 4__________ (come), although it 5 __________
(not rain) yet. When we reached the Main Stage, Metallica 6 __________ (start) playing.
We 7 __________ (be) all really impressed with the band. I 8__________ (watch) a few of
their songs on YouTube, but I 9 __________ (not see) them live. Their show was
amazing. By this time, it10 __________ (rain) hard, but we didn’t mind. In fact, it made
the atmosphere more dramatic. Thousands of people 11 __________ (cheer) and dancing
in the rain. Then suddenly, the music stopped. The water 12 __________ (damage) the
sound equipment.

X. Choose the correct tense to complete the text.

The cruise ship MS Explorer 1bailed / had been sailing through the Antarctic
ocean for twelve days when suddenly there 2had been / was a loud bang. The ship
3
had hit / had been hitting an iceberg. Water 4was pouring / poured into the ship
very quickly and it couldn’t be stopped. Captain Ben Wildman 5made / was making
an announcement: everybody 6had / had had to abandon the ship. The passengers
and crew then 7were spending / spent the night in lifeboats. Finally, just as the sun
8
was rising / had been rising, the Norwegian cruiser Viking 9had arrived / arrived
to rescue them all. They 10had spent / were spending six hours on the freezing sea.

XI. Complete the dialogue with the correct past tense form of the verbs in
brackets.
Reporter What did you do when you heard the alarm?
Passenger I 1__________ (go) upstairs and I saw that the crew 2 __________ (help)
all the other passengers to get into the lifeboats.
Reporter What was it like on the lifeboat?
Passenger It was freezing and very wet. Unfortunately, I 3 __________ (leave) my
waterproof clothing on my bed.
Reporter How long were you in the lifeboat for?

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Passenger We abandoned the ship at 1 a.m. and we 4 __________ (sit) in the
lifeboat for about three hours when we saw a distant light. It was the rescue
ship. However, it 5 __________ (take) another three hours for the ship to
reach us.
Reporter And where did it take you?
Passenger We spent a few nights at a research station on an Antarctic island
before we 6__________ (fly) to Chile and then home. I was really pleased to
get home!

• used to
XII. Choose the correct words.
1. Mobiles used / didn’t use to exist.
2. My family used / didn’t use to live in the city, but now we live on a farm.
3. There used / didn’t use to be a supermarket in our area, but they built one last
year.
4. My mum used / didn’t use to work, but she works in a hospital now.
5. Did you / You didn’t use to be a vegetarian?
6. Did he use / He used to walk everywhere?
7. Did your dad use / Your dad used to go to this school, too?

XIII. Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences.

1. I _______ play the guitar, but I stopped when I left home.
a. get used to b. used to
2. I can’t _______ used to the taste of this coffee. It’s too bitter.
a. be b. get
3. She _______ paint but then she started working on sculptures.
a. got used to b. used to
4. Remember to drive on the left. It’s tricky at first but you’ll _______ used to it.
a. get b. be
5. I really can’t _______ waking up so early. I’m tired all the time.
a. get used to b. used to
6. Don’t worry. He’s a journalist, so he _______ people disagreeing with him.
a. used to b. is used to
7. When I was younger, I _______ a lot of basketball.
a. used to play b. get used to playing
8. He used to _______ a long distance runner when he was at school.
a. being b. be
XIV. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of used to and the verbs
in brackets.
1. She __________ (like) watching football, but now she’s a big fan.
2. He __________ (have) long hair, but now it’s always short.
3. They __________ (have) a house in the country, but now they do.
4. What game __________ (the Ancient Greeks / play)?
5. __________ (your mother / get) angry with you when you were a child?
XV. Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and the verbs
below. There is one verb you do not need.
work live wear hate travel watch

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1. He __________ exams, but now he doesn’t mind taking them.
2. My dad usually works from home now, but he __________ in the office every day.
3. What kind of film __________ you __________ when you were young?
4. I __________ jeans, but now I never wear anything else.
5. She __________ on her own, but she moved back home last year.
XVI. Write the used to form of the verbs in brackets. Use the affirmative or
negative, depending on the meaning.
1. There __________ (be) a shopping centre in this town, but it closed last year.
2. I __________ (like) romantic comedies, but now I watch them all the time.
3. We __________ (live) near the sea, but now we live on the coast.
4. I __________ (eat) unhealthy food, but now I eat a lot of crisps and chocolate.
5. I __________ (do) my homework on time, but now I usually hand it in late.
6. Our next door neighbours __________ (have) scooters, but now they ride electric
motorbikes.
7. This building __________ (be) a post office, but now it’s an internet cafe.
XVII. Complete the sentences with ONE word.
1. I didn’t __________ to like vegetables, but now I love them.
2. After three years in London, he’s __________ to speaking in English.
3. We __________ spend our summer at the seaside every year.
4. Dad __________ in a factory in Ho Chi Minh City when he was a teenager.
5. We __________ used to living in Ha Noi now. It’s great.
6. She __________ to have a moped but now she drives a car.
XVIII. Match the halves to make sentences.
1. We used to play ____ a. a sports car but he sold it.
2. I’m used ____ b. used to driving on the left.
3. Sue would always ____ c. to see our family in Ha Noi last summer.
4. We went ____ d. for the school basketball team.
5. They’re still not ____ e. bring a sandwich to school for lunch.
6. Mike used to have ____ f. to living in Tokyo now.
XIX. Look at the photo. Write sentences comparing Gary at seventeen and
Gary at twenty-one using used to and the verbs in brackets.

1. Gary __________ a motorbike, but now he __________ a car. (have)

2. He __________ thin, but now he __________ quite fat. (be)
3. He __________ glasses, but how he doesn’t. (wear)
4. He __________ a suit, but now he does. (not wear)
5. He __________ long hair, but now he __________ short hair. (have)

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6. He __________ his friends every day, but now he __________
them at the weekend. (see)
7. He __________ a laptop, but now he does. (not carry)
8. He __________ to school, but now he __________ to work. (go)
XX. Complete the sentences with the infinitive or -ing form of the verbs
below.
go have smoke work write live
1. He didn’t use to __________ a car, but now he’s got two!
2. She’s used to __________ in Japanese, but speaking is difficult.
3. My grandparents used to __________ to school on Saturdays.
4. It’s always raining here but I’m used to __________ in a wet country.
5. My brother didn’t like it at first, but now he’s used to __________ in an office.
6. Did your dad use to __________ cigars?
XXI. Complete the texts with the words below.
get used to am used to used to do
used to be used to it used to
A Tell us about the things you __________ as a child that you don’t do any more.
1

B Be creative. I 2 __________ so imaginative. I would draw things all the time. Now I
find it really hard. My new job is in marketing though, and we have to come up
with new ideas, so I’m going to have to 3 __________ thinking creatively again.
C I 4 __________ play a lot of sports, so I was really fit. Nowadays, I 5 __________ sitting
around all day in an office. I never do exercise. I’m really weak, so I’ve started to
train again. It’s hard, but I’m getting 6_________
XXII. Complete the text using used to or past perfect form of the verb in
brackets.
When I was a child, my family 1 __________ (travel) a lot. By the time I was ten years
old, I 2__________ (visit) ten different countries. We 3 __________ (take) a trip abroad
every summer. My parents loved travelling. After they 4 __________ (finish) university,
both of them got jobs abroad. They 5 __________ (change) jobs every six or eight
months, and moved to a different country to see more of the world. They 6 __________
(live) in Singapore before marrying and moving back to Viet Nam. After I was born,
they continued travelling. But by the time I 7 __________ (start) university, I was tired of
travelling, so I don’t travel much these days. But my parents still travel a lot.

• be /get used to
XXIII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of be or get.
1. He’s from Sweden, so he __________ used to cold weather.
2. Did it take you long to __________ used to the food here?
3. I lived in the UK for years, but I never __________ used to driving on the left.
4. I think I’ll never __________ used to summer in January.
5. __________ you used to life here now?
6. We didn’t eat the food in China at first because we __________ used to it.
XXIV. Complete the dialogue with the correct form of be /get used to. Some
sentences use not.
A How’s boarding school? 1 __________ you __________ living in a dormitory? What
about Tom?
B It isn’t very quiet. Tom 2 __________ a lot of noise at home – he grew up with five
younger brothers and sisters, so it isn’t a problem for him. But I 3 __________ it yet.

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A And how about the weather? When my cousins moved to England, they 4
__________
cold weather, because they came from a hot country.
B All the rain is a bit boring at first, but after a while, you 5 __________ it.
A My cousins said they never 6 __________ it!

XXV. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given.
1. That fast food place used to __________ my favourite French restaurant. (be)
2. When I first lived in a flat, I couldn’t get used to __________ our neighours’ music.
(hear)
3. My mother has finally got used to __________ the Internet on her phone. (have)
4. Pedro comes from Brazil, so he isn’t used to __________ Vietnamese food. (eat)
5. Lan used to __________ jeans all the time when she was a student. (wear)
6. They live near the palace and they’re very used to __________ members of the royal
family going past. (see)
7. I wonder if I’ll ever get used to __________ in such a beautiful place. (live)
8. When we arrived in Ho Chi Minh City, we weren’t used to __________ in so much
traffic. (ride)

XXVI. Choose the correct option.

When I was young, I 1used to / got used to play outside with my friends. My mum
2
used to / was used to me going out to ride my bike with them. Sometimes I was
out for hours, but she 3used to / got used to that, too. We often rode on mud tracks
that 4used to / were used to be used by motorists, and they were often wet and
slippery so I 5used to / got used to falling off my bike a lot. And so my mum 6used
to / was used to seeing me covered with mud and bruises.
Now I 7used to / am used to riding safely on my motorbike and staying clean. I don’t
think I could 8be used to / get used to riding a bike again now.

1C. Word Skills

• Phrasal verbs
I. Rewrite the sentences using the phrasal verbs below in the correct verb
from.
stay in stand up come back give up
fall through hold on go out grow up
1. We returned home from the match and felt exhausted.
__ we _______________________________________________________________________________
2. She wasn’t enjoying the lessons so she decided to stop learning to play the piano.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. They remained in the house because it was raining.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. When he becomes an adult, he wants to be a firefighter.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. ‘What are you doing this weekend?’ - ' I’m going to a party with some friends.’
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. His plans for the weekend didn’t happen because of the bad weather.
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. They got to their feet and left the room.
_________________________________________________________________________________
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8. He told me to wait while he fetched his jacket.
_________________________________________________________________________________

II. Decide if the sentences are correct or not. Correct the sentences that are
incorrect.
1. Please don’t come back late tonight.

2. The plane didn’t take off the runway until midnight.

_________________________________________________________________________________
3. They grew up their childhood in a village in Central Viet Nam.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. She told us to hold on while she called a doctor.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Jane and her sister got up themselves and went to school.
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. Jack stood up the room and started to speak.
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. He sat down the chair and began to read the book.
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. My younger brother woke up late this morning.
_________________________________________________________________________________

III. Rewrite the sentences using the phrasal verbs below in the correct verb
from.
call off run out of call back look for
look forward to put away put on look after
1. You’d better wear a coat because it’s cold outside.
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Can you return my phone call?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. I’d like you to tidy your clothes.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. They cancelled the football match because of the rain.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. She’s trying to find her glasses.
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. We haven’t got any food.
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. Can you please take care of my plants while I’m away for a few days?
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. They’re very excited about the holidays.
_________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Complete the three-part phrasal verbs with the words below. Then match
them to their meaning.
away down on out (x2) up (x3)
1. get ________ with ____ a. be someone’s girlfriend / boyfriend
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2. fall ________ with ____ b. think you’re better than someone
3. get ________ with ____ c. have a good relationship
4. put ________ with ____ d. not be punished by
5. look ________ on ____ e. think of something
6. come ________ with ____ f. have an argument
7. look ________ to ____ g. tolerate something
8. go ________ with ____ h. admire someone
V. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the three-part phrasal
verbs in Exercise IV.
1. My close friend, Phong, __________ a fantastic idea for the school trip.
2. How do you __________ him? He’s so bad-tempered.
3. I __________ people who have achieved a lot in life.
4. Jane has __________ Jack again, so they aren’t talking to each other.
5. Nam doesn’t __________ his brothers so he doesn’t keep in touch with them.
6. I think David is in love. He’s __________ Mia for 3 months.
7. You shouldn’t __________ people who haven’t gone to university.
8. Paul __________ not doing his homework. The teacher didn’t notice.
VI. Replace the words in bold with the correct form of the phrasal verbs
below.
put it down to own up to fall out with come up with
live up to put up with get round to it get away with
1. I can’t believe she stole €50 from other students’ bags and wasn’t punished for
it. ____________
2. Mai thought of a brilliant way to memorise the facts in our history lessons.
____________
3. I don’t expect perfect behaviour, but I will not tolerate you telling lies.
____________
4. Susan’s had an argument with her brother’s friend. ____________
5. I finally watched the DVD you lent me. I found the time last night. ____________
6. This new smartphone greatly matches all my expectations. ____________
7. Phong is very disappointed with his exam result. He says it’s because of lack of
sleep the night before. ____________
8. Swimmer Joseph Schooling from Singapore admitted to using drugs in SEA Games
31 in Viet Nam. ____________
V. Complete the phrasal verbs with the correct prepositions.
Classic movie reviews: old but definitely worth watching
Tuck Everlasting
Ten-year-old Winnie Foster has fallen 1 __________ with her family at the beginning of
the movie, and is thinking about running away from home. Instead, she discovered a
magical source of water in the woods near her home - water that allows the drinker to
live forever. Winnie makes 2 __________ with her family, but does she drink the water?
Watch the movie and find out!
Beastly
This is a modern version of the old Beauty and the Beast story. When the arrogant
Kyle Kingson is transformed into an ugly monster, his father can’t stand it, and the
two grow 3 __________ until their relationship breaks 4 __________ completely. To
become human again, Kyle needs to find someone who loves him - even though he’s a
monster. Check it out, and expect a happy ending.

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Stormbreaker
At the beginning of the movie, the main character, Alex Rider, is sad and upset, as he
tries to get5 __________ the recent death of his uncle Ian. As Alex tries to find out more
about why Ian died, he discovers that Ian was a spy working for the British
government, and not a banker as Alex had believed. Soon, Alex becomes a spy, too,
and the adventures begin. Recommended.

1D. Reading
I. Read the following text and choose the best answer for each question.
The Age of Adulthood
In the United States, 16, 18, and 21 are significant ages in a person’s life. A person
can do new things at each age to show that he or she is no longer a child. These are
all part of the transition to adulthood.
After turning 16 in the United States, a person can be employed, get a driver’s
license, and leave home.
Many high school students learn to drive and get part-time jobs after celebrating
their 16th birthday. At 18, people in the United States can vote in government
elections and join the military, but they are prohibited from going into nightclubs,
buying alcohol like beer or wine, or gambling until they are 21.
In many Latin American countries, a young woman’s 15 th birthday is important. At
this age, she is no longer considered to be a girl, but a woman. To mark this special
day, families with 15-year-old daughters have a celebration called a quinceanera. The
day begins with the young woman and her family going to church. Later, there is a
party to which many guests are invited.
In Japan, boys and girls are considered to be adults at the age of 20. At this age,
they are allowed to vote and drink alcohol. The second Monday in January is a national
holiday called Coming-of-Age Day. On this day, 20-year-olds celebrate by first going to
a shrine with their families. Later, they listen to speeches given by city and school
leaders. After that, many celebrate with family and friends late into the night.
In many countries, celebrations do not stop at adulthood. People like to celebrate
what they consider to be important ages such as their 50 th or 60th birthdays, or
significant events such as the birth of their first child, or their retirement.
1. The main idea of the passage is _______.
A. the age of adulthood is too young in some places but too old in others
B. being a young person in Latin America is easier than in Japan or the U.S.
C. there are special ages and celebrations around the world that show a person is
becoming an adult
D. young people in South America are more mature than their counterparts in Japan
2. Americans are NOT allowed to _______ when they turn 20.
A. drive B. buy alcohol C. join the army D. vote
3. According to the passage, which of the following shows you are becoming an adult?
A. voting in an election B. throwing a party
C. celebrating your birthday D. going to church
4. What do quinceanera and Coming-of-Age Day have in common?
A. Both are only for young women.
B. City and school leaders are involved.
C. They start the day with a religious ceremony.
D. Both are national holidays with a religious ceremony.
5. In the U.S., young people at the age of 18 can _______.
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 A. go into nightclubs B. join the army
C. buy alcohol or gamble D. become a
candidate in an election
6. The quinceanera is celebrated with .
A. the family B. the children at the age of 15
C. a birthday party as usual D. a church service and a party
7. All of the following are true about Coming-of-Age Day EXCEPT that ______ .
A. it is celebrated with family and friends at the shrine
B. it is a national holiday
C. it is celebrated with speeches from senior citizens
D. it is for 20-year-old to celebrate
8. Many people think that _______ is a big event in their lives.
A. birthdays of their children B. the birth of their children
C. the middle of adulthood D. retirement
II. Read the passage about parent teenager problems, and then answer the
questions.
Parent Teenager Problems
Parent teenager problems are a common thing in most households. Reasons for
problems between teenagers and parents vary greatly, and each situation is different
another, but there are common reasons for parent teenager problems.
First, a teenager is getting bad grades at school. This can cause a problem
because the parents of a teen who is not getting the best grades in school will be
worried about him graduating from high school and getting into college. Also, if a teen
gets bad grades, he probably will not get any scholarships for school, which can be a
hardship on parents.
Next, a teen is hanging out with a bad crowd. A teenager who has friends that do
things their parents do not approve of can end up doing those things too, and the
teen's friends will probably not be received well by the parents.
Then, a parent who is very strict with their teenager will probably have problems
with him at some point. It is important to be firm, but not very firm, since this may
make a teenager want to rebel even more.
If you are having problems with your parents, you will probably want to fix them.
Lack of communication causes a lot of problems between parents and teenagers. It is
important for both parties to communicate. You should do things together with your
parents, such as going to a movie or playing board games, or going to a family
counselor.
Fixing a family problem might seem hard, but as long as everyone communicates
his or her feelings, everything should work out in the end.
1. What are the common reasons for parent teenager problems?
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the effects of bad grades of a teen at school?
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. Why do parents worry when their teen is hanging out with a bad crowd?
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. When does a teenager want to rebel?
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. What are the ways to fix the problems between parents and their teens?
_____________________________________________________________________________

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III. Read the blog, and do the tasks that follow.
Teen Advice Blog. Share your worries and opinions with other teens.
Zoe: Posted yesterday at 17:10
Madonna Fan Mother
My problem is my mum! She’s really nice and I get on well with her. I sometimes
argue with her about little things, but nothing important. All my friends love her -
she’s great fun. When she was at my age, Madonna was really popular and Mum
was a fan - she wore miniskirts and leggings, lots of jewellery, and dyed her hair
blond. I think she wanted to be Madonna! She was only sixteen so it was okay.
However, she still wears leggings and short denim skirts now, and I can’t stand it.
She even uploads photos of herself onto her homepage, so all my online friends can
see her. What can I do?
Benny: Posted today at 13:21
You’re lucky to have a cool mum - my mum is so conservative. She wears baggy
jeans, and long skirts, and she never wears jewellery. Although she’s only
thirtyseven, everybody thinks she’s older because her clothes are old-fashioned.
One friend even thought she was my grandmother! Your mum should give my mum
some fashion advice!
Jolie: Posted today at 11:10
I agree with you, Zoe. My problem is my father. He loves T-shirts with bad slogans
like, “This is what a cool dad looks like.” ☹
JJR: Posted today at 7:45
I think your mum’s cool. But why are you friends with her online??!!?? She’s your
mother, not your friend!
Zoe: Posted today at 21:01
My mum got me a fantastic new laptop for my birthday, so when she wanted to be
my online friend, I couldn’t say no! Sometimes, she’s at work and I’m at home, and
she wants to have a real-time chat with me online! I just go offline. I love chatting to
my friends, but I can chat to Mum when I get home.
Ross: Posted yesterday at 17:26
Zoe, your mum wants to stay young, and why not? Her generation wore denim
miniskirts before our generation. You say she’s great fun - that’s more important
than the clothes she wears. Most parents don’t understand the virtual world, but
you’re lucky - your mother has a homepage and knows how to use it. I think that’s
great. ☺
Task 1: What is Zoe’s problem? Circle the correct answer.
A. She thinks her mother looks like Madonna.
B. She wants a new laptop.
C. She doesn’t like her mother’s clothes.
Task 2: Match the underlined words in the text with the definitions below.
1. _________________: a portable computer
2. _________________: connected to the Net
3. _________________: the first page on a website
4. _________________: disconnected from the Net
5. _________________: put something on the Net
6. _________________: in the present
Task 3: Read the blog again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1. Zoe’s friends get on well with her mother. _______
2. Zoe’s mother wears normal clothes for her age. _______
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3. Benny’s mother looks old for her age. _______
4. Jolie’s father likes slogans. _______
5. JJR thinks it’s okay for Zoe to be online friends with her mother. _______
6. Zoe likes chatting to her mother online. _______
7. Zoe couldn’t say no to her mother’s offer to be her online friend due to her new
laptop. _______
8. Ross thinks Zoe’s mother is different from most other mothers. _______
III. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
How To Be A Good Parent: a teenager’s guide
Sixteen-year-old Ellie, who lives with her parents, Louise, 38, and Peter, 43, has
written a book to tell us what parents of teenagers are doing wrong ...
All adults think teenagers are a nightmare. According to them, we’re moody,
argumentative, rude and disruptive. But have any adults ever stopped to think that
perhaps they are responsible for the unpredictable and confusing way we behave?
Take me, for instance, I may be a teenage nightmare, but this is all to do with my
parents, not me. With my mother, I stamp my feet, storm out of shops in the middle
of arguments, and moan until I get my own way. 1 __________ But my father, on
the other hand, turns me into a shining example of teenage perfection. I do as he
asks, I don’t answer back and I happily accept that no means no.
My parents have very different parenting styles. While my dad brings out the best in
me, by being calm and reasonable and treating me like an adult, my mum, like so
many other parents of teenagers, inadvertently makes me want to rebel by being
combative and speaking to me as though I’m still a child. Last summer, after yet
another row in a shop with my mother, I decided to start writing down the way I felt
about things.2 __________
In December, having contacted various publishers, I signed a book deal. My parenting
book, How Teenagers Think, is going to be published next year, the first of its type
actually written by a teenager. Much of my book is based on my own experiences, but
I’ve also interviewed my friends about their parents. 3 __________
And it usually comes down to the fact that our parents care too much about us and
don’t want to let us grow up. For example, Mum drove me crazy a few weeks ago
when she kept worrying I’d broken my neck after I fell off my bike. Yes, my neck hurt,
but I’d been to the doctor and he’d told me I was fine, so why did she want to take me
to hospital?
Instead of fussing around their teenagers like we’re small children, parents could be
using our desire to feel grown-up to their advantage. If we’re behaving badly, why not
tell us straight out that we don’t deserve to be treated like an adult? Then we’ll try to
earn your respect. And why not reward us when we do behave maturely? Recently, I
wanted to take a train to Portsmouth to see a friend - a journey I’d done with Mum
before. Dad was fine with the idea of me going alone, but it took weeks of arguments
before Mum agreed. 4 __________
Parents need to learn to trust teenagers. And when parents are worried about us,
there is no point becoming angry - that just makes things worse. A few months ago,
Mum lost her temper when I told my parents I’d been receiving emails from a stranger
I’d met in a chatroom. She instantly banned me from using the Internet and we
ended up having a huge row. But I’m not stupid. Most teenagers know talking to
strangers online is not a good idea, so I’d told them what was happening - J don’t want
to get abducted, just as much as they don’t want me to. So why be angry with me,
Mum? 5 __________ Surely it’s better for me to feel you won’t be angry, so I can talk to
you?

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Many of my friends feel the same way. They end up not telling their parents what
they’re up to because they’ll be cross. Everyone I interviewed for my book loved the
idea of being really close to their parents. Despite the way we behave, we all want
close relationships with our parents. We also all know deep down that our parents
usually do know best. 6 __________ Our parents have to unwrap the cotton wool they
place around us and let us get on with what is just a natural phase of life.
Task 1. Match the gaps (1-6) in the text with the sentences below (A-H).
There are two extra sentences.
A. Why was it such a big deal?
B. Even more worrying was the fact that my parents weren’t talking to each
other.
C. A few more rows later and I’d written more than 10,000 words of advice for
parents.
D. But part of being a teenager is feeling free to take steps down new paths and
learning from our own mistakes.
E. After that, the arguments with my dad just got worse.
F. Just last week, for example, I persuaded Mum to buy me a pair of shoes that
she had said I couldn’t have.
G. It makes me not want to confide in you.
H. Surprisingly, we all share similar views on what our parents are doing wrong.
Task 2. Match the phrasal verbs in bold in the text with the definitions
below.
1. change; transform _________________________
2. gradually become an adult _________________________
3. do something without interruption _________________________
4. can be explained by _________________________
5. arrive at a situation (often unintentionally) _________________________
6. cause a certain type of behaviour in somebody _________________________
7. leave quickly and angrily _________________________
8. reply impolitely to somebody in authority _________________________

IV. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.

BRIDGING THE GENERATION GAP with empathy
A One of the most important jobs parents have is to teach children about the world
and how to live successfully. However, every generation grows up in a world
different from their parents’. This often leads to young people feeling that their
parent don’t understand them, and to parents feeling that their kids’ values are
wrong. This difference in attitudes and lack of understanding is called the
generation gap.
B The effect of the generation gap on families is obvious: parents and children
frequently disagree about everything from clothes to music to careers. But the
generation gap can also be felt in the workplace. As young employees enter
companies, they may have completely different expectations from the older
generation working in the company. Ideas about work-life balance, what makes a
‘good’ job, and how managers and employees should talk to each other may be
very different. This can lead to frustration for everyone.
C But does it have to be this way? While it seems obvious to think of your own
generation as ‘us’ and the other generations as ‘them’, if we redefine ‘us’ as ‘our
family’ or ‘our company’, then we can see both generations as being on the same
side - playing for the same team. And if we then truly listen to the people around
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 us - older and younger - with empathy, we can begin to accept that our differences
may take us stronger as a team. This means, of course, we also expect parents to
learn from their children.
D That doesn’t mean that parents need to adopt their kids’ dress sense or listen to
their music, but it does mean that parents may need to learn more about the role
of technology - for example, social media - in their kids’ lives, and possibly even to
try it for themselves before they criticize it.
E Here are three tips for bridging the generation gap:
• Get to know other generations. Try to socialize with people who are both
younger and older than you.
• Learn to really listen and not just think about what you’re going to say next.
• Remember: You can learn from anyone, whether they’re older or younger than
you.
F The generation gap isn’t going to go away, because the world won’t stop changing.
But if we start to think of it as a source of learning and growth rather than just a
conflict, we may make the world a better place for everyone.
Task 1. Decide whether the sentences are true (T) or false (F), and correct
the false ones.
1. The author wrote the text to explore the generation gap and problems it can cause,
and to suggest a possible solution.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. The main idea is that it is almost impossible for people from different generations
to understand one another.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. The text doesn’t inform or teach us, because its purpose is to persuade and
influence.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Task 2. Read the text again. Match each statement 1-6 to the paragraphs A-
F that gives the information.
1. The writer suggests a change in thinking: choosing to see other generations as
working with you rather than against you. ____
2. It’s a good idea to get to know people who aren’t your age, and to hear what they
think. ____
3. The generation gap is the difference between the way older and younger people
see the world. ____
4. The generation gap affects people in their job because it means that people of
different ages working together may have very different opinions. ____
5. The generation gap isn’t necessarily just a problem; it can also be a great
opportunity for learning. ____
6. Parents should learn about their children’s world and not just say they don’t like it.
____
Task 3. Which statement gives the best conclusion of the text?
a. Learning and changing are both easier for younger people.
b. Technology often causes conflict between young and old.
c. Differences can be good if we take time to understand them.
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VI. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
In your country, when do you become an adult and how do you celebrate?
1 In Brazil, for girls, it happens on their 15 th birthday. We even have a special name
for it: Festa de Debutantes - a debutantes’ party. A debutante is a young woman
who is making her debut - her first formal appearance - in society. On this day, she
officially leaves childhood behind and becomes an adult. 1 __________ A girl can
choose a modern dance-style party, a costume party, or a more traditional party
with food and conversation. The planning and attention to detail is similar to that
of a wedding. Many families hire a specialist party planning company to be sure
that everything is perfect on the day.
2 In Japan, we have a holiday every year in January: Coming-of-Age Day. Everyone
who has turned 20 over the past year celebrates becoming an adult. But actually,
it used to be more popular than it is now. 2 __________ Also, in 2018, the
government lowered the official age of adulthood from 20 to 18, so now people
aren’t always sure when to celebrate. A ceremony is held at local government
offices in each city. Government officials give speeches and welcome the young
people into adulthood. 3__________ But you don’t have to. You can wear what you
like. After the ceremony, some people like to have a party.
3 Australian aboriginals - the people who have lived here for at least 40,000 years -
have a tradition called walkabout. Between the ages of 10 and 16, aboriginal boys
go into the desert alone for up to six months. It isn’t easy. Boys on walkabout must
make their own shelter and find their own food and water. 4 __________ Of course,
the walk is about surviving, but it’s also a time when a boy thinks about himself
and about what kind of man he will become. This means that although a child
walks into the desert, he returns home as an adult. However, these days, not
everyone does this. It’s sort of old-fashioned.
4 In Sweden, when we turn 18, we can vote and get a driver’s license, and do
everything else an adult can do. Some people like to take a trip with friends to
celebrate this birthday. Most people have a birthday cake with candles, but we
don’t have any other special party tradition that everyone in Sweden does. 5
__________ I had a birthday party with my friends and family, with some music and
great food. And we have a birthday cake, too. We sing, ‘You will live for 100 years.’
Task 1. Complete the text with the missing sentences a-f. There is one extra
sentence.
a. Maybe only half of 20-year-olds celebrate it.
b. This is when people turn 25 years old.
c. It’s up to you what to do.
d. They may travel more than 1,000 kilometres.
e. Some of them wear traditional clothes.
f. There is no one style for this celebration.
Task 2. Match the summary sentence halves. There is one extra ending.
1. Brazilians celebrate a girl’s 15th birthday with _______
2. Some 20-year-olds in Japan celebrate Coming-of-Age Day as _______
3. In order to become men, Australian aboriginal boys between the ages of 10 and 16
go for _______
4. When people in Sweden turn 18, they have a party with cake and singing because
_______
A. a long walk where they have to take care of themselves.
B. they are adults who can drive a car and vote.
C. a long, difficult swim that includes all of the teenagers in their town or village.
Tiktok: @thptqg2025 18
 D. a big party marking her passage from childhood to adulthood.
E. their transition to adulthood, though this has changed to age 18 now.
VII. Read the magazine article and do the tasks that follow.
How to survive embarrassing parents
Don’t get me wrong - I love my parents to bits. I know they love me too and would do
anything to help me but sometimes they can be really embarrassing. Dad wanting to
pick me up from school, Mum getting over-excited when she watches me playing
football for the school team. And I know it’s not just me. My friends all moan about
theirs from time to time. It seems a few cruel parents deliberately want to see their
kids suffer, but others are just trying to be cool and fit in with our friends. Either way,
they can make life pretty tricky for us at times. There’s not really much we can do
about it, or is there?
Here are a few tips I’ve come up with to make life just a little easier for all of us.
1 ____________________________
Write a list of all the things you find embarrassing and then put them in order. Is the
fact that your dad sings along to the radio when your friends are over for dinner worse
than the fact that he always calls your best friend by the wrong name? By deciding
which ones are worse means you’ll be free to focus your energy where you need it
most.
2 ____________________________
When you’ve decided which issues you want to talk about, keep a diary of all the
times your mum or dad do the things that embarrass you most. When, where and how
you left - make a note of all these things. They’ll help you put your case across.
3 ____________________________
When you’ve got enough evidence, it’s time for a little face-to-face chat. Use your
notes to help you. The chances are that even if your parents are conscious of doing
these things, they probably don’t realise how embarrassing they are. Keep calm. Let
them know how you feel and why. Let them have their say - they’ll probably want to
defend themselves. Of course, you’ll also have to be prepared to listen to some of the
things that they’re not so keen on about your behaviour. It’s part of the deal. Maybe
you can both agree to think more carefully about some of your actions.
4 ____________________________
Hopefully, your parents will listen and be willing to change their ways, especially if you
say you’re happy to change too. Of course, sometimes they might not. When this
happens then the best advice I can offer is to ignore it and get on with your life. If you
do this, things will be a lot easier. Remember that they once had their own
embarrassing parents, and the chances are many of us will be embarrassing parents
ourselves one day. Maybe we shouldn’t be too hard on them.
Task 1. Who is the magazine article written by?
A. A parent with a difficult teen at home
B. A young person with a difficult problem
C. Someone who understands typical teenage issues
Task 2. Match the headings with the paragraphs. There are two extra
headings you do not need.
A. Try and be more understanding
B. Don’t get too upset
C. Collect the evidence
D. They don’t even know why they do it
E. Choose the behaviour you find most embarrassing
F. Have a family meeting
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VIII. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Youth Review
New statistics in the Youth Review show that, as schools in Britain prepare to break up
for the holidays,1 __________ .
A year-long enquiry consulted 16,000 British teenagers and recommends radical
action to transform their lives. Recommendations include a ‘youth hub’ in every
community to tackle anti-social behaviour and crime.
The Youth Review was undertaken by children’s charity 4Children and supported by
Nestle. It comes at a time of a debate never happening before about the welfare of
young people in the UK. Recent statistics demonstrate worrying trends in many
aspects of teenagers’ lives. For example,2 __________ .
Researchers spent twelve months touring each region of the country and consulting
over 16,000 teenagers to find out what life is truly like for young people today in the
UK and how they themselves believe that improvements can be made.
Publicising the Review today, pop star and youth icon Lily Allen said: ‘I want to see a
new start of teenagers in communities where they have nothing to do, nowhere to go
and nowhere to call their own. The Youth Review has consulted 16,000 teenagers
across the country and their message was clear. They said to give young people more
of a stake in communities and give them more opportunities. The number of
teenagers who go off the rails is a problem for us all and instead of helping them only
after they’re in crisis, we need to 3 __________ .’
The Review discovered:
• 60% of young people in deprived areas have been victims of crime in their own
community. These experiences, near to their homes, have left young people fearful
for their own safety.
• 70% of teenagers said that, in their opinion, young people got involved in antisocial
behaviour because they were bored.
• More than 70% of eleven- to sixteen-year-olds said that they have witnessed anti-
social behaviour over the last year, while 12% of young people belong to a gang.
• 80% of young people said that they had nowhere to go and nothing to do outside
school. As a result, they hung around on the streets.
• 62% said that they did not know where to go to get help or information if they
needed it.
• Youth crime costs up to £13 billion per year compared to £1.6 billion spent by
government on positive prevention and youth programmes. It costs £35,000 to put
a young person in a detention centre for a year.
The Review is calling for 4 __________ . It recommends a programme of government
investment and action to provide positive opportunities for all young people, with
early support and intervention for troubled teenagers to prevent difficulties escalating.
The key recommendations are:
• A youth centre in 5 __________ for young people to meet, as well as access
to music, creative arts, sports, and specialist intervention and support for teenagers in
difficulty.
• Mobile ‘intervention teams’ to work in areas of high deprivation and unrest, offering
teenagers specialist and positive support.
• Action on bullying and a new victim support scheme for young people who have
been the victims of crime.
• Young mayors elected in every area to give teenagers representation and a say in
their community.

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• Free public transport and leisure for all young people under eighteen to ensure
access for all.
Oona King, Chair of the Review said: ‘Growing up can be tough and we are simply not
doing enough to help the next generation to flourish. On average, we spend 17p for
each young person per day on youth services - and this has to change. Young people
need 6 __________ , otherwise we spend billions dealing with the consequences of anti-
social behaviour, crime and violence.’

Task 1. What is the best summary of the conclusions? Choose A, B or C.

A. The government needs to provide more money so that teenagers are less
bored and more involved in their communities.
B. Most teenagers are valuable members of the community, but the government
needs to focus on the small minority who become involved in crime.
C. There are enough recreational facilities for young people, but more money
needs to be spent on dealing with the consequences of teenager crime.
Task 2. Match the gaps 1-6 in the text with six of the phrases A-H below.
there are two phrases that you do not need.
A. stop them getting into trouble in the first place
B. is going to invest £50 million from the government
C. youth-on-youth violence and anti-social behaviour among teenagers is rising
D. to be a part of our communities
E. every community providing dedicated spaces
F. not clear how we can move forward from here.
G. over one million teenagers could be wandering the streets because there is
nowhere else to go
H. an urgent transformation of support for teenagers
Task 3. Explain the significance of these figures from the text.
1. 80%
2. 16,000
3. 12%
4. 62%
5. £13 billion
6. £1.6 billion

7. £35,000

1E. Speaking
• Everyday English
I. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: My parents don’t let me do what I B: a/You should listen to them more.
want. b/You should tell them you’re old
enough.
2. A: My parents want me to follow in B: a/ Wow, they walk very fast.
their footsteps. b/ I think you have your own dreams of
3. A: Do you help with housework? job.
B: a/ Certainly. All of us share the
4. A: Is there any generation gap in chores.
your family? b/ My parents say I don’t study enough.
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 B: a/ No. I live in a nuclear family.
5. A: How can I make my own b/ No. My parents are very
decisions? understanding.
B: a/ You try to explain them to your
6. A: Are there any ways to avoid parents.
conflicts and arguments in the family? b/ Your parents will respect your
7. A: My parents don’t allow me to play privacy.
computer games! B: a/ You should set the family rules.
8. A: My mother dressed badly and had b/ There are only trivial things. Don’t
an ugly hairstyle yesterday, Dad. worry.
9. A: Who do you talk with when you B: a/ You can do it when you finish
have problems? homework.
10. A: Should I tell my parents before I b/ You needn’t ask their permission.
make important decisions? B: a/ She looked younger and nicer,
didn’t she?
b/ No. They were popular 20 years ago.
B: a/ Only serious problems.
b/ My mum, of course.
B: a/ Of course. It’s a must.
b/ Certainly. You’re mature enough.

• Role-play
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first. You can use one of these words or phrases:
should shouldn’t ought to oughtn’t to
1. It would be a good idea not to treat your exchange student as a guest.
I don’t think you .
3. It would be a good idea to establish trust and friendship with your exchange
student by providing a safe and welcoming environment.
You
4. I recommend that you get them involve in your family’s daily activities.
You .
5. In my opinion, be sure to explain to your students how to find and use things
around your house.
You .
6. It’s a good idea for you to establish and communicate household rules and
expectations as soon as the student arrives.
You
7. It would be a good idea for you to know all important contacts and numbers of the
student.
You .
8. In my opinion, asking the student to do a lot of housework around your house is not
a good idea.
You .
III. Suppose you were an exchange student in England, and a friend of yours
is going to become one next month. Complete the answers with the prompts
given and correct verbs:
should shouldn’t ought to oughtn’t to
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- consider downloading some translation apps to your phone
- do research about the country beforehand, so you have a better idea of what to
expect once you arrive
- not to panic
- try to learn some basic phrases
- learn which banks accept your credit card
- invest in travel insurance to cover your medical costs
- communicate with people around you to make the most of your trip
1. How can I communicate with people when I just arrive?
You .
2. Is it OK to spend in England with my credit card?
You .
3. How can I cover my hospital expenses when I’m sick?
You .
4. I’m not very satisfied with my English. How can I communicate with native
speakers?
You .
5. If you meet someone in England speaking their own language, how could I do?
You .
6. If I couldn’t adjust to the new environment immediately, what should I do?
You .
7. What should I do before the trip to England?
You .

1F. Writing
• A message
I. Write an email to your new penfriend in Manchester, England. Use the
prompts below.
- Name: Phong; age: 16; live in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- live with my parents and my younger sister (13)
- a high school student in Grade 11, English - my foreign language, four lessons a
week
- I a huge fan of Manchester City FC; have many things to exchange - you’re a fan of
Manchester City too
- interested in chatting with you or your friends in English using Facebook or
Messenger
- send me a message and tell me a little about yourself, your family and your hobbies
- wait to hear from you
Hi! My name is ___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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II. You are going to write a paragraph about the reasons why you should
have a penfriend. Use the prompts for the main ideas and choose the
corresponding supporting ideas. You also need to use words showing
sequence like first, next, then, finally.
Main ideas + Supporting ideas:
1. writing to my penfriend / allow / feel connected and appreciated
- Having a penfriend is a good way to keep in touch with peers around the world.
2. chatting with my pen pal / allow / me / understand areas / the world other than
my own
- We can’t travel all over the world during our lives.
3. writing with someone who share my interests / very interesting
- It can open me up to new ideas and make me motivated to go to my next projects.
4. my penfriend / make / me feel more confident
- They can realise my strength and give me pieces of advice.
There are several reasons why I would like to have a penfriend in other countries.
First, ___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

REVIEW Unit 1
Vocabulary
I. Complete the sentences with the words below.
child middle-aged twenties elderly
adults infants teens centenarians
1. He is a quite plump and quite __________ , but he has a wonderful mind.
2. The hospital provides life-saving care to premature __________ .
3. The cost of the trip is $59 for __________ and $30 for children.
4. Many __________ have lived long and eventful lives.
5. Their youngest __________ , Nam, has just started university.
6. As I got nearer, I saw they were young people, mostly in their late __________ and
early twenties.
7. The condition obviously affects __________ or elderly females.
8. The girls and women who go there are not necessarily teenagers, some may be in
their __________ and thirties.
II. Complete the sentences with the words below in the correct form.
job grandfather divorce love born
settle down inherit emigrate pass away retire
1. One day he’ll want to __________ and have a family.
2. Everyone should have the right to a pension when they __________ .
3. His wife had just __________ , and he didn’t want to be around people.
4. My brother is starting a new __________ next week.
5. Who will __________ the house when he dies?
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6. I was __________ and raised in this small town.
7. David became a(n) __________ at the age of 54.
8. She used to be married, but she’s been __________ since last year.
9. In the story she would make the male star fall in __________ with her, whether he
was married or not.
10. When he was 20, he __________ to the United States.
III. Complete the sentences with the words below.
grateful urgent sympathetic complimentary sarcastic
nostalgic miserable pessimistic enthusiastic arrogant
1. Our guests said some very __________ things about the meal my mother had
cooked.
2. He remained __________ about his days as a young teacher.
3. They were __________ , but they were decent, honest people.
4. The British are very __________ about football.
5. Your sister has been calling - I think it’s __________ .
6. I’m really __________ for everything you’ve done for me.
7. Noticing my embarrassment, the teacher gave me a(n) __________ smile.
8. When you are __________ and expect the worst, your attitude is often negative.
9. The children kept coming out with __________ remarks like, ‘Delicious!’, and ‘This is
the best meal we’ve had in ages!’.
10. Why do you make yourself __________ by taking on too much work?

IV. Choose the correct words.

1. Many parents are strongly miserable / sympathetic / critical of the school.
2. We try to give students constructive privacy / criticism / dependence.
3. His main optimism / concern / nostalgia is to be able to provide for his family.
4. The increase of pandemics in the area is very irritating / accusing / concerning.
5. We are growing impatient / ungrateful / aggressive with the lack of results.
6. She was bursting with concern / impatience / independence to tell her mother
what had happened.
7. Firefighters led the children to safety / sympathy / misery.
8. Make sure you keep these documents sarcastic / complimentary / safe.
9. The ringing of the telephone came as a distinct pessimism / enthusiasm /
irritation.
10. Tom has a(n) aggressive / irritating / miserable habit of leaving the
refrigerator door open after he’s found something to eat.
11. An alert scientist is free / emotional / distrustful of coincidences.
12. Dylan’s deep emotion / distrust / safety of journalists made him difficult to
interview.

V. Match the sentences 1-7 with the correspondent ones A-G.

1. I look up to my big brother. _____
2. I trust my sister. _____
3. I’m very close to my brother. _____
4. I have a lot in common with my cousin. _____
5. I have nothing in common with my sister. _____
6. I don’t see eye to eye with my mum. _____

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7. I envy Nam. _____
A. I’d like to be as clever and as popular as him.
B. We have completely different interests.
C. I always listen to what he says.
D. I can tell her anything and she’ll never tell anyone else.
E. We share all the same hobbies.
F. We can talk to each other about anything.
G. We disagree about everything.
VI. Complete the posts with the words below.
different experience horrible internet hearing
respect fashion helpless stupid grey hair
Tips for intergenerational communication
Advice for young people from older people
When you talk to us, you may need to speak a little louder than usual. If we want you
to repeat something, it’s because our 1 __________ isn’t very good, not because we’re 2
__________ . Alicia, 78
I can’t stand people talking to me like I’m a child! I expect to be treated with 3
__________ , even if I’m 4 __________ in some ways. Dean, 104
Avoid thinking that just because someone has 5 __________ , they don’t enjoy listening
to the music you like. Edward, 80 (a rock music fan)
Advice for older people from younger people
Although we may seem to have very little 6 __________ of life, practise listening to us
talking about the experiences we do have instead of only telling us what to do. Ella,
14
It’s really hard for me to imagine living before the 7 __________ and other technological
developments. When we talk, I hope to learn about life in the past, but please don’t
tell me how 8 __________ my generation is! Roberto, 18
When we have a conversation, let’s agree to listen to each other. We are very 9
__________ . I don’t mind you not liking my 10 __________ and my music, but please
remember that it’s important to me. Millie, 16

Grammar
VII. Choose the correct answers.
1. The singer appeared / was appearing on stage and everyone started to cheer.
2. When we reached the station, the train left / had left already.
3. It didn’t rain / wasn’t raining when we arrived home, but the sky was dark.
4. When we were hearing / heard what he had done, we were shocked.
5. Did you feel / Had you felt surprised when you heard the news?
6. After I shut the door, I realised that I left / had left my keys inside.
7. The children still slept / were still sleeping when their dad went to work this
morning.
8. How did she feel / had she felt when she answered the phone?
9. Did the sun shine / Was the sun shining when you left the house?
10. The singer came on stage and the audience began / was beginning to clap.
VIII. Complete each sentence with the past simple and the past continuous
form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Nam __________ (break) his leg while he __________ (play) football.
2. The sun __________ (shine) so we __________ (decide) to go to the beach.
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3. I __________ (listen) to my MP3 player, so I __________ (not hear) the doorbell.
4. Nick __________ (wait) for the bus when he __________ (see) his girlfriend with
another boy.
5. We __________ (stop) playing badminton because it __________ (get) dark.
6. We __________ (have) dinner when my dad __________ (get) home.
IX. Complete each sentence with the past simple and the past perfect form
of the verbs in brackets.
1. Mum __________ (shout) at me because I __________ (not tidy) the kitchen.
2. My piano teacher __________ (get) angry because I __________ (not practise).
3. I __________ (not be) able to phone you because I __________ (leave) my phone at
home.
4. Mai __________ (run) all the way here, so she __________ (feel) exhausted.
5. By midnight, Jane still __________ (not phone), so I __________ (go) to bed.
6. By the time we __________ (arrive) at the cinema, the film __________ (start).
7. As soon as we __________ (finish) lunch, we __________ (go) into town.
X. Choose the best ending for each sentence.
1. When the phone rang, Lucy _______.
a. answered it b. was answering it
2. In the morning, they couldn’t see their footprints in the snow because during the
night it _______.
a. was snowing again b. had snowed again
3. I didn’t have any money for the bus because I _______.
a. spent it all b. had spent it all
4. It was a hot and sunny day, but a cool breeze _______.
a. blew b. was blowing
5. I couldn’t hear the film because the people in front of me _______.
a. were making a lot of noise b. had made a lot of noise
6. I had to use my brother’s laptop because I _______.
a. broke mine b. had broken mine
XI. Read about four different acts of kindness. Put the verbs in brackets in
the correct form.
1. We __________ (look) for the station and it __________ (rain). Anyway, we
__________ (look) at our map when we __________ (meet) an old lady. She __________
(not know) the way to the station, but she __________ (give) us her umbrella.
2. When I was a child, I __________ (visit) my grandparents every weekend. They
__________ (have) a dog called Bono. One day, I __________ (walk) the dog when I
__________ (get) lost. I __________ (be) lucky because a woman from the village
__________ (find) me and __________ (call) my grandma.
3. Yesterday, I __________ (wait) in my car at a traffic light. An old man __________
(cross) the road with two bags of shopping when he __________ (drop) one of his
bags. I __________ (get out) of my car and __________ (help) him pick it all up.
4. Last week, I __________ (stand) in a ticket queue at the station when a girl
__________ (give) me her train ticket. She __________ (not want) any money for it, she
just wanted to give it to someone else.
XII. Choose the correct answers.
I 1was walking / walked home from school yesterday when I suddenly 2was
hearing / heard this really loud noise. It 3was sounding / sounded like a plane! I
4
was passing / passed a wall at the time so I 5was looking / looked over. In the
middle of the field I 6saw / was seeing a huge, round object - just like a UFO. It 7was
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making / made the strange sound and lights 8were shining / shone all round it.
Then I 9was realising / realised that the lights were cameras. Some people 10were
making / made a film!
XIII. Complete the sentences with the correct past form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. We __________ (go) for a long walk after we __________ (finish) the exam.
2. Peter __________ (get) up late this morning because he __________ (forget) to ask his
mum to wake him up.
3. I __________ (get) home late last night and __________ (find) that my friend __________
(leave) a note on the door.
4. Jane __________ (be) upset yesterday because she __________ (break) her sister’s
mobile phone.
5. When we __________ (get) to the stadium, the match __________ (already start).
XIV. Complete the sentences using the past simple, past continuous or past
perfect form of the verbs below. There is one verb you do not need.
eat give be see not start steal
1. I knew I wouldn’t like the film because I __________ it before.
2. I looked out of the window and realised that I __________ on the wrong train.
3. I took the dog for a walk while you __________ your lunch.
4. He couldn’t find his car this morning because someone __________ it.
5. Why __________ you __________ to learn English when you were in school?
XV. Complete the story with a suitable past tense form of the verbs in
brackets.
When I was young, my dad 1 __________ (bring) me home a goldfish. I was
delighted but something soon went wrong. My parents 2 __________ (talk) to some
friends who had come to visit us, and I was a bit bored so I 3 __________ (go) into the
kitchen to see my goldfish. The packet of goldfish food 4__________ (stand) on the table
next to the goldfish bowl and I picked it up to look at it. My parents 5__________ (tell)
me never to feed the goldfish, but I 6 __________ (think) it looked a bit hungry so I
7
__________ (decide) to feed it. Unfortunately, the lid came off the packet of goldfish
food, and the entire contents 8 __________ (fall) into the water. I was really
embarrassed and I felt incredible guilty because I 9 __________ (be) so disobedient. I 10
__________ (run) into the living room crying and eventually I told my parents what 11
__________ (happen). My goldfish survived, though, and went on to live for another two
years.
XVI. Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and the verbs
below. There is one verb you do not need.
eat drive live feel be
buy exercise play work study
1. They __________ to work, but now they take the train.
2. __________ she __________ volleyball for the school team?
3. He __________ in an office, but now he does the job from home.
4. I __________ dresses, but now I never wear anything else.
5. They __________ meat, but now they’re vegetarians.
6. She __________ thin, but now she is.
7. They __________ in the city, but they’ve moved to the countryside.
8. We __________ French but now we don’t anymore.
9. I __________ regularly, but now I jog every day.
XVII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of be or get.
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1. Maria is Malaysian so she __________ used to hot weather.
2. My uncle’s working in Tokyo, so he had to __________ used to different food.
3. It never takes me long to __________ used to being in another country.
4. My father lived in England for years, but he never __________ used to driving on the
left.
5. My grandmother __________ used to living in her small flat now, and she’s very
happy.
6. Bernard grew up in Norway. As a child he __________ used to skiing to school.
7. I like warm weather. I could never __________ used to very cold winters.
8. People in some parts of Japan __________ used to experiencing earthquakes - they
happen quite often.
9. On holiday, I went to the beach every day. That’s something I could easily ________
used to!
XVIII. Complete the sentences with the affirmative, negative or interrogative
form of used to and the verbs below.
let eat go help live
1. I __________ to a lot of concerts when I was a teenager but now I don’t have the
time.
2. Our first English teacher __________ us use our own language in class but we can
with our new teacher.
3. Where __________ you __________ before you moved here?
4. __________ your parents __________ with your homework when you were younger?
5. When I was a child, I __________ vegetables but now I love them.
XIX. Read the social media post and decide if the sentences are true (T) or
false (F).
Moving to a new city isn’t easy, especially when you come from a small town. I’m used
to having a quiet bicycle ride to school, but now I have to take the subway. I’m not
completely used to it yet, so it still feels a bit scary. However, I like my new school,
and I’m getting used to my new classes and teachers. My old school was much smaller
so it was very different. But I’m not worried. I think I can learn to be comfortable
anywhere. by Mai Nguyen
1. Mai used to live in a small town. ______
2. She’s getting used to cycling to school. ______
3. She’s used to taking the subway. ______
4. She’s getting used to her new school. ______
5. She’s used to smaller numbers of students in each class. ______
6. She thinks she’ll get used to her new life. ______

Word Skills
XX. Complete the three-part phrasal verbs with the words below. Then
match
them to their meaning a-h.
down on on out out out up up
1. put __________ up with somebody / something __________
2. fall __________ with somebody __________
3. carry __________ with something __________
4. get __________ with somebody __________
5. look __________ on somebody __________
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6. walk __________ on somebody __________
7. look __________ to somebody __________
8. go __________ with somebody __________
a. continue with something
b. think you are better than somebody
c. have a good relationship with somebody
d. be someone’s girlfriend / boyfriend
e. leave (your partner or family) suddenly
f. tolerate somebody / something
g. admire somebody
h. have an argument with somebody
XXI. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the three-part phrasal
verbs in Exercise XXI.
1. I don’t know how Sam __________ Mary. She’s so bad-tempered.
2. ‘When did Peter start __________ Hannah?’ -‘Last April, I think.’
3. I’m going to __________ English next year, but I’m going to give up German.
4. Kate isn’t speaking to David. I think she __________ him.
5. I __________ my grandfather because he fought for our country in the war.
6. He __________ people just because they are less intelligent than him.
7. Mr Vinh __________ his wife and children and ran off with his secretary.
8. Jack __________ very well __________ Martha. They’re always together.

XXII. Choose the correct words.

1. She doesn’t get on / in well with her sister.
2. I fell back / out with my brother last week.
3. David is going off / out with Anna at the moment.
4. His mum lets him get out/ away with a lot these days.
5. Peter got on / back together with Susan last week.

Use of English
XXIII. Choose the correct words to complete the text.
The Generation Gap
The older generation often complains that today’s teenagers are very different 1
__________ young people in the 1970s. In the past, teenagers used to be more polite 2
__________ the older generation. They were keen 3 __________ books and outdoor
activities as well. Today, adults often complain that modern teens aren’t as polite.
They say teens aren’t interested 4 __________ books and they get bored 5 __________
things very quickly. They’re just crazy 6 __________ texting.
1. A. for B. from C. about
2. A. for B. to C. with
3. A. on B. with C. at
4. A. in B. for C. at
5. A. from B. about C. with
6. A. with B. about C. on

Reading
XXIV. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
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 GRANDPARENTS = GRAND PEOPLE
Last month we asked you to send us your ideas about grandparents. We received
some very interesting answers. Some of you describe your grandparents as friends.
They are the people you talk to when you have to talk to an adult, but you don’t want
to talk to your mum or dad. They help you, they’re there for you and they don’t
disagree with you. But there are a few of you who have grandparents who live in
different towns, or even abroad, and so you don’t see them very often.
Grandparents are special people and we love ours! Here's what you say.
Giuliana Ross, Canada
I love everyone in my family, but my grandma is really special for me. She lives a few
streets away from us, so when I want to be on my own, I usually walk to her house.
She doesn’t ask questions. I love that. We do lots of things together, too, like making
food, which we enjoy. At the moment, she’s teaching me to make her favourite dish,
which her grandmother taught her. It’s quite hard to do, but I love sharing moments
with her. It’s special.
Andy Davidson, USA
I love my granddad! He’s just the best - he can keep a secret, he helps me and he’s
usually funny. We have lots of fun, and we have lots in common. We both enjoy going
climbing. My granddad is really good at that - no one realises that he’s in his sixties.
Boris Sanneh, UK
My grandparents live in another country. They visit us about every three years, but it’s
hard because we don’t really know what to talk about. They ask about school and
things like that. That’s usually the first week. By the second week though, things are a
bit better and it’s more ‘natural’. When my sister and I were younger, they visited
more often and I remembered Grandpa doing silly things, like making faces when
Mum wasn’t looking. He still does that sometimes. But now that they are older, I’d like
them to live closer.
Task 1. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1. All of the readers get on with their grandparents. ________
2. Giuliana’s grandmother lives in a different town. ________
3. Giuliana shares an interest with her grandmother. ________
4. Giuliana’s grandmother is teaching her to cook a dish she invented. ________
5. Andy’s granddad is good at sports. ________
6. Andy’s and Boris’s granddads make them laugh. ________
7. Boris’s grandfather is a serious man. ________
8. Boris’s grandparents don’t visit as often as they did. ________
Task 2. Match the words in bold in the text to their meanings.
1. __________ small and not important
2. __________ doing things with your face that make people laugh
3. __________ in or to a foreign country
4. __________ having a thing, experience or emotion at the time as someone else
5. __________ notices or understands something
6. __________ food prepared as part of a meal
Task 3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words from
Task 2.
1. This __________ smells delicious! Yum!
2. Stop being __________ ! It’s not funny.
3. I love __________ music and videos on Facebook with my friends.
4. She’s so funny when she __________ .
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5. David and his family always go __________ in the summer.
6. They didn’t __________ that the train was delayed.

XXV. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

Generations and Generalisations
‘Young people these days! They contradict their parents, chatter in the company of
guests, eat their food too quickly and are rude to their teachers!’ Who said this? Was it
a tired, stressed twenty-first century parent? No. These words were said by Socrates
in Athens two and a half thousand years ago. It seems that every generation
complains about the next generation. But now there’s another element: in the
twentieth century we began naming each generation.
First came The Lost Generation (born around 1880-1895). This was the generation
which fought in World War I (1914-1918), in which over fifteen million people were
killed. American writer Gertrude Stein is famous for naming it The Lost Generation, but
actually it was her French car mechanic (she lived in Paris) who first used the
expression. He complained that the young mechanics who worked for him were
useless at their jobs and he described them as une gération perdue - a lost
generation! Stein borrowed the expression.
After the Second World War, there was the Boomer Generation, or the Baby Boomers.
This was the generation born between 1945 and about 1960, a period when birth
rates increased throughout the world. In the USA, the Baby Boomers are seen as the
great, successful generation which made their country rich.
The next generation was called Generation X. The name was popularized by Canadian
writer Douglas Coupland in his 1991 novel, Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated
Culture. People from Generation X - born in the 1960s and 1970s - rebelled against
their parents’ values. They didn’t want to work for the same company their whole life
and they spent their time listening to ‘grunge’ music or playing video games.
The next generation has two names: Generation Y and the Millennials. Generation Y
was first described in detail in 2000, when Neil Howe and William Strauss wrote
Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation. Generation Y - people who were born in
the 1980s and 1990s - is known for its love of technology: iPods, mobile phones,
digital cameras, digital everything. They are amazing networkers, constantly online
and great multitaskers. They can read (web pages), listen (to music on their iPods)
and write (instant Messages) all at the same time.
But are these generational names correct? Can we really describe a whole generation
as having similar habits and qualities? How similar are the lives of teenagers in New
York to the lives of teenagers in rural China or Peru? In 2010, only a quarter of the
world’s population used the internet. Only a small percentage of those had iPods. So
can we say this generation loves technology?
Are we really talking about generations or generalisations?
Task 1. Look at the table. What information do you think goes in gaps 1-6?
Read the text and check your ideas?
Name Born Origin of name Known for
The Lost 1_____________ Gertrude Stein, a Millions died in
Generation writer, named them World War I
Baby Boomers 2_____________ The ‘baby boom’ Being successful (in
(high birth rates) USA)
after World War II
Generation X 1960s and 1970s 3_____________ 4_____________
_____________ _____________
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 _____________ _____________
Millennials 5_____________ A book : 6_____________
(Generation Y) _____________ Millennials Rising: _____________
The Next Great _____________
Generation

Task 2. Complete the questions.

1 Q: What did ________________________________________________________________?
A: ‘Young people these days! They contradict their parents, chatter in the
company of guests, eat their food too quickly and are rude to their teachers! ’
2 Q: When did we ______________________________________________________________?
A: In the twentieth century.
3 Q: How many ________________________________________________________________?
A: Over fifteen million.
4 Q: What happened ____________________________________________________________?
A: Birth rates increased throughout the world.
5 Q: Who _____________________________________________________________________?
A: Neil Howe and William Strauss.
6 Q: How many ________________________________________________________________?
A: Twenty-five percent of the world’s population.
Task 3. Match words 1-6 with definitions A-F.
1. contradict ____ A. people who can do lots of things at the same time
2. chatter ____ B. people who spend a lot of time communicating and sharing
information with others
3. birth rate ____ C. the number of children born in a particular year / place
4. popularise ____ D. talk quickly in a friendly way about unimportant things
5. networkers ____ E. disagree, saying that the opposite is true
6. multitaskers ____ F. make something known and liked by many people

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 Unit 2: Leisure time
2A. Vocabulary
• Activities and sports
I. Complete the name of sports. Add a, e, i, o, u and y.
1. _ thl_t_cs 5. c_cl_ng 9. _c_ h_ck_y
2. b_dm_nt_n 6. f_ _tb_ll 10. j_d_
3. b_s_b_ll 7. g_lf 11. sw_mm_ng
4. b_sk_tb_ll 8. g_mn_st_cs 12. v_ll_ _b_ll

II. Complete the sentences with the past simple form of the verbs below.
There is one extra verb you do not need.
score miss compete win serve lose pass
1. Carl Lewis _________ in four Olympic Games and _________ nine gold medals.
2. Kylian Mbappe _________ the winning goal in the 2018 World Cup Final.
3. Michael Jordan _________ the ball to Darius Rice, who threw the ball into the basket.
4. Thierry Henry scored two goals, but France still _________ the match.
5. David Beckham _________ a penalty against Turkey in 2003. The match finished 0 -
0.
6. Venus William has the fastest serve in women’s tennis. In 1998 she _________ the
ball at 206 km/h.

III. Complete the sentences with the words below.

clothes book cake video chess
picture social media friends information hanging out
1. The __________ should bake for 40 minutes.
2. The company collects __________ about consumer trends.
3. She asked the little girl to draw a(n) __________ of the man she’d spoken to.
4. I spent a lot of time listening to records and just __________ with friends.
5. She made her own __________ to save money.
6. What __________ are you reading at the moment?
7. Her daughter spends nearly all her time either on the phone or texting her
__________
8. Celebrities are increasingly using __________ to get the image across.
9. Let’s stay at home and watch a(n) __________ online.
10. They meet quite often to play __________.

• Food dishes
IV. Complete the sentences with the below.
pudding sandwich stew salad
risotto stir - fry pie soup
1. Would you like another piece of apple __________ ?
2. A __________ is a meal which you make by cooking meat and vegetables in liquid at
a low temperature for a long time.
3. It seems he’s able to cook steak and kidney __________.
4. On entering the hall, he was surprised to smell the unmistakable odour of chicken
noddle __________.

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5. He went into a fast food restaurant and asked the waiter to bring him a __________
and a coke.
6. __________ is a hot meal made from rice mixed with cheese, vegetables or pieces of
meat.

• Adventure activities
V. Choose the correct words or phrases.
1. He tried that hang - gliding / bungee jumping, using a rope intended for the
Grand Canyon.
2. He continued to indulge his love for hill - walking and mountain climbing / climb.
3. The goal of hang - gliding / parkour is to adapt your movement to overcome any
obstacle.
4. Eight daredevils have tried mountain climbing or kayaking / abseiling for charity.
5. Most top hotels have private beaches and lagoons offering boat rides, windsurfing
and bodyboarding / snowboarding.
6. The ski resort is committed to promoting skiing and parkour / snowboarding
lessons.
7. He loves driving fast cars around tracks, going off - road motor - biking or just
hiking / karting.
8. A heavy rain drained into the rivers and streams, and the water level at this stream
was high enough for kayaking / surfing.
9. He died as a result of a bodyboarding / hang - gliding accident, while
demonstrating it by jumping off a 200 - feet - high hill last year.
10. When they were in Hawaii, they went snowboarding / surfing nearly every day
and they enjoyed the high waves there.

• School clubs
VI. Match the school clubs to the descriptions or activities.
1. film club ______ A. enjoy dance fitness class
2. communication club ______ B. want to share your national dishes, learn
to cook great food from around the world
3. photography club ______ C. enjoy learning the basics and perfecting
your skills in a relaxing Sunday session;
4. yoga club ______ perfect for refreshing for the week ahead
D. from public speaking and debate skills,
practise conversations in a fun and relaxed
5. Zumba club ______ environment
6. music club ______ E. enjoy using workout equipment with your
friends
F. many opportunities for students to get
7. fitness club ______ involved: acting, scenic design and
construction, lighting and sound, and scene
8. cooking club ______ management
G. give students and teachers the chance to
explore the world of films
9. chess club ______ H. logical thinking, strategy, prediction are
just a few of the brain power skills you can
develop here with some good fun
10. drama club ______
I. enjoy learning photo techniques, practising
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 together, and photo shooting for various
campus events
J. a club for people interested in music; enjoy
music as a group or individually

2B. Grammar
• Present perfect and past simple contrast
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. I didn’t do / haven’t done my homework yet.
2. He has become / became the world motor racing champion when he was aged
only 24.
3. They have been / were at the top of the league since the start of the season.
4. Did the match finish / Has the match finished yet?
5. The coach isn’t here. He has already gone / went.
6. Sue broke / has broken her leg three months ago.
7. The Olympic Games started / have started last week.
8. They’re cheering because their best player has just scored I scored just a goal.
II. Complete the sentences using the past simple or present perfect form of
the verbs in brackets.
1. I feel better now that I __________ (have) a sleep.
2. My dad __________ (work) in a hospital for twenty years between 2001 and 2021.
3. Manchester United are winning and that star __________ (score) twice.
4. __________ you __________ (lock) the door before you __________ (go) out?
5. Jane isn’t here; she __________ (leave) two minutes ago.
6. This town __________ (change) a lot since we __________ (move) here in 2010.
7. I __________ (never / meet) anybody as rude as you!
III. Complete the sentences with the past simple or present perfect form of
the verbs in brackets.
1. My uncle and aunt __________ (move) house a year ago.
2. We __________ (know) each other since we were children.
3. So far I __________ (not fail) any of my exams.
4. Susan __________ (break) her leg last week.
5. Rob had dinner and then he __________ (go) to bed.
6. __________ you __________ (finish) your homework yet?
7. My younger sister __________ (start) school last year.
8. They __________ (not go) to school since last week because of the pandemic.
IV. Complete the sentences. Use the past simple in one sentence and the
present perfect in the other.
1 a. I __________ a pet when I was young. (have)
b. Tom’s dog is very old. He __________ Rex for thirteen years. (have)
2 a. Anna is in hospital because she __________ her arm. (break)
b. Paul __________ his leg while he was playing football. (break)
3 a. My brother __________ for the national team three times. (play)
b. Tom’s tired now because he __________ a hard game this morning. (play)
4 a. Mike __________ his wallet so he didn’t have any money. (lose)
b. Laura’s upset now because she __________ her mobile phone. (lose)

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V. Complete the text with the verbs below in the past simple or the present
perfect.
go cry not miss score see take
When Tom was eight, his dad __________ him to see his first football match. It was
1

Manchester against Arsenal, and since that day, he 2 __________ one single match. On
one occasion he even 3__________ when he had a serious case of flu. So far he 4
__________ his team score over a hundred goals, but the best goal ever was the one
David Beckham 5 __________ against Chelsea at Wimbledon in August 1996. Later he 6
__________ home when Beckham left the team, but watching them play the following
week soon made him forget his tears.
VI. Complete the text. Use the past simple or present perfect form of the
verbs in brackets.
Free Running
Tom __________ (take) part in free running since he 2 __________ (be) 15. The sport 3
1

__________ (begin) in France in the 1980s. Free runners have to run, climb, or jump
over obstacles as gracefully as they can. The obstacles could be fences, cars, walls -
even buildings. Tom once said, ‘Free running 4__________ (always exist), free running 5
__________ (always be) there, the thing is that no one 6__________ (give) it a name.’
Tom 7 __________ (appear) on TV a number of times, but his big break came in 2006
when he 8__________ (appear) in the James Bond film, Casio Royale. Since then, free
running 9 __________ (become) very popular among extreme sports enthusiasts. It can
be quite dangerous although Tom 10__________ (never have) a serious accident.
VII. Complete the text with the correct verb form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the past simple or present perfect.
Inspired
Danny MacAskill __________ (grow up) on a Scottish island, but 2 __________ (live) in
1

Edinburgh since 2006. Thanks to the internet, he 3 __________ (become) one of the
most famous stunt riders in the world. Three years ago, he 4 __________ (make) a video
called Mountain Bike Trickster and 5 __________ (post) it on YouTube. Three million
people 6 __________ (watch) it. His most recent video is called Inspired Bicycles. It 7
__________ (already / have) half a million views - and it 8__________ (not be) on YouTube
for more than a few days. His videos are so successful that Danny 9__________ (give up)
his regular job and become a professional mountain bike rider. Danny 10__________
(enjoy) doing stunts. Not surprisingly, he 11 __________ (have) a lot of accidents. In fact,
he can’t ride at the moment because he 12 __________ (just / break) his collarbone for
the third time in the past six months.
VIII. Complete the sentences with the words below.
already for lately since still yet
1. Have you been going to the gym __________ two months?
2. Peter has been watching his weight __________ August.
3. Tom and I haven’t been eating much chocolate __________.
4. Daisy has __________ finished her project on healthy food.
5. Laura hasn’t seen the doctor about her cough __________.
6. We __________ haven’t had our vaccinations for our trip!

• Present perfect simple and continuous

IX. Complete the sentences with the present perfect continuous form of the
verbs below. Then match the sentences with the questions 1 - 6.
rain work eat not feel paint sit
a I _________________________ very well.
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b I _________________________ the ceiling.
c I _________________________ in a traffic jam.
d I _________________________ in the garden.
e I _________________________ chocolates all day.
f It _________________________.
1. Why aren’t you hungry? ______
2. Why are you late? ______
3. Why is your hair wet? ______
4. Why have you got paint in your hair? ______
5. Why are you going to the doctors’? ______
6. Why are your hands dirty? ______
X. Complete the sentences with the present perfect continuous form of the
verbs in brackets.
1. How long __________ professionally? (your uncle / cycle)
2. Sam isn’t fit because he __________ to the gym this year. (not go)
3. Nam __________ football all day. (play)
4. How long __________ for me? (you / wait)
5. They’re tired because they __________ early all this week. (get up)
6. You __________, so you don’t know what to do. (not listen)
7. Mai __________ since she got home. (study)
8. Nick __________, so his throat hurts. (shout)
9. His dad and mum __________ him in his study. (help)
10. He __________ mountain - climbing since he was nine. (practise)
XI. Choose the correct answer.
1. She has liked / has been liking folk music since she went to the ethnic villages.
2. I have sold / have been selling five of my DVDs, but I didn’t get much money for
them.
3. How long have you designed / have you been designing computer
programmes?
4. How many films has Nam seen / has Nam been seeing this week?
5. Simon can’t walk because he has broken / has been breaking his leg.
6. You’re late. What have you done / have you been doing?
7. I have read / have been reading the biography of Isaac Newton, but I’m only on
page 57.
8. How often have they offered / have they been offering to help with the
washing up?
9. Our science teacher has only been teaching / has only taught in two other
schools.
10. Mr Tan has flown / has been flying to Tokyo since he became a pilot.
11. So far the band have played / have been playing in twelve different countries.
12. We have seen / have been seeing that play five times.
XII. Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect simple or continuous
form of the verbs in brackets.
1. I __________ (look) for my keys for ages, but I __________ (not find) them yet.
2. I __________ (learn) English for eleven years since Grade 1.
3. You can have your book back now. I __________ (read) it.

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4. My mum __________ (go) shopping all morning. She __________ (buy) lots of
Christmas presents.
5. He __________ (do) his homework, but he __________ (not finish) yet.
6. How many times __________ you __________ (see) that film?
7. I __________ (know) Nick since last May.
8. You look upset. __________ you __________ (cry)?
9. He’s still very shaken, even though his friends __________ (help) him get over the
shock.
10. My brother __________ (play) on his Xbox for nearly six hours - I think he should
take a break.

XIII. Complete the pairs of sentences with the present perfect and the
present perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1 a. We __________ a new series on TV. It’s great. (watch)
b. __________ you __________ a live football match before? (watch)
2 a. Mary __________ never __________ in the London marathon before. (run)
b. Laura is red in the face because she __________. (run)
3 a. John can go out when he __________ for the exam. (study)
b. Mai’s in her room. She __________ all day. (study)
4 a. Sally needs a plaster because she __________ her hand. (cut)
b. My brother’s crying because he __________ onions. (cut)
5 a. I __________ my room, but there’s still a lot to do. (tidy)
b. Jack __________ his room. It looks much better. (tidy)
6 a. Laura __________ that book four times. (read)
b. I __________ the latest Harry Potter book all day. I’d like to know what happens in
the end. (read)
7 a. I can’t afford that dress. I __________ all my money. (spend)
b. We __________ too much money recently - we should save more. (spend)
8 a. Americans __________ Thanksgiving dinners for hundreds of years. (have)
b. I’m not hungry - I __________ my dinner. (have)
9 a. Look at the time. We __________ for hours. (talk)
b. I don’t know Tom well, but we __________ on the phone once or twice. (talk)
10 a. Ben and Sue __________ a few times, but they didn’t get on very well. (go out)
b. Kevin and Linda __________ since the summer and are really in love. (go out)
XIV. Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect Simple or Present
Perfect Continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1. I __________ all morning, and I __________ over one hundred pages so far! (read)
2. Sarah __________ nearly 20 kilometres because she __________ for hours. (walk)
3. Peter __________ TV since nine o’clock this morning; he __________ four films. (watch)
4. Betty __________ to the gym for a few months; in fact, she __________ there now. (go)
5. David __________ his new cooking show for weeks; he __________ five episodes
already. (film)
6. The children __________ the entire cake; they __________ very unhealthily lately. (eat)
7. I __________ to make this recipe four times; in fact, I __________ all week, but it’s still
terrible. (try)
8. Tom __________ since he was six, and he __________ in three Olympic Games. (swim)
XV. Complete the sentences with the correct present perfect simple or
present perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
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1. She’s tired. She __________ (work) all day.
2. She’s angry. She __________ (have) an argument with her sister.
3. She’s got a headache. She __________ (surf) the Internet for hours.
4. She’s in a bad mood. She __________ (have) a bad day.
5. Her back hurts. She __________ (lift) a lot of heavy boxes today.
6. She’s fed up. She __________ (wait) for ages for a phone call.
7. She’s relieved. She __________ (pass) all her exams.
8. She’s hungry. She __________ (not eat) anything all day.
9. She’s lucky. She __________ (win) the lottery tickets.
10. She’s happy. She __________ (finish) all her work.
XVI. Match 1 - 8 with replies a - h. Then complete the replies with the
present perfect simple or present perfect continuous form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. Your sister’s looking very healthy. ______
2. Why are you looking so embarrassed? ______
3. Sorry, I’m late. ______
4. Why is Dad walking like that? ______
5. What’s that funny smell in the kitchen? ______
6. You look really exhausted. ______
7. Why does Mum look so angry? ______
8. Some of the questions are very difficult. ______
a. He __________ (twist) his ankle.
b. Dad __________ (cook) again.
c. She __________ (eat) a lot of fruit and vegetables.
d. I __________ (break) her laptop.
e. I __________ (send) a text message to the wrong person!
f. I __________ (wait) for ages.
g. You __________ (do) the wrong exercise.
h. I __________ (play) volleyball in the park.
XVII. Complete the text with the correct verb form: the present perfect
simple or present perfect continuous. When both the verb forms are correct,
use the present perfect continuous.
Brain workouts
Kevin Wilson is not usually a fan of computer games, but recently he 1 __________
(play) one particularly game a lot. In fact, he 2 __________ (play) it every day for six
weeks. It’s a special kind of game which is designed to increase brainpower by giving
the player mental exercises. ‘I’m definitely improving,’ he says. ‘I 3 __________ (get)
much better scores recently.’
Wilson is one of 11,000 volunteers who 4 __________ (take) part in a scientific study
organised by a Cambridge scientist called Adrian Owen. Its purpose is to find out if
brain - training really works. Half of the volunteers 5 __________ (not use) the brain -
training programmes at all; they 6 __________ (surf) the internet instead.
Owen 7 __________ (conduct) several studies of this kind, and they 8 __________ (show)
the same thing: brain - training has a small positive effect on mental abilities, but
surfing the internet is just as good!
XVIII. Complete the text about British tennis player Andy Murray. Use the
present perfect simple or present perfect continuous form of the verbs in

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brackets. When both the verb forms are correct, use the present perfect
continuous.
Andy Murray 1 __________ (play) tennis since he was three years old. Since April 2007,
the Scot 2__________ (be) one of the top ten male tennis players in the world. He 3
__________ (train) with some of the best trainers since his teens, and he 4 __________
(win) matches in Qatar, at Wimbledon and at the US Open. He 5 __________ even
__________ (beat) top players Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal. However, he still 6
__________ (not win) a Grand Slam. Murray’s family home is in Dunblane in Scotland,
but he7 __________ (live) in London for the past few years. He 8 __________
already__________ (publish) his autobiography, which is amazing for someone so
young.

2C. Word Skills

• Compound nouns and adjectives
I.Match1-10witha-jtomakecompoundnouns.
1. solar _____ A. species
2. GM(genetically modified) _____ B. rain
3. carbon _____ C. effect
4. global _____ D. layer
5. endangered _____ E. disposal
6. greenhouse _____ F. emissions
7. acid _____ G. forest
8. waste _____ H. foods
9. ozone _____ I. power
10. rain _____ J. warming
II. Complete the sentences with compound nouns from Exercise 1.
1. Many forests have been damaged by __________.
2. The __________ is causing the earth’s atmosphere to heat up.
3. __________ will cause the icebergs to melt.
4. The Amazon __________ is in the Amazon Basin of South America.
5. The __________ helps to protect the earth from harmful radiation from the sun.
6. Coal - burning power stations are a source of __________.
7. Some __________ can only be seen in zoos.
8. __________ is a renewable source of energy.
III. Complete the sentences with the compound nouns below.
football pitch flood lights mountain range tower block
tennis courts swimming pool safety net seashore
1. A __________ is a tall building containing apartments or offices.
2. Many tennis players prefer __________ with a grass surface.
3. The game will be played under __________.
4. The two teams will play a big match at the world - famous Wembley __________
5. She takes her inspiration from shells and stones she finds on the __________.
6. A __________ is the one that is put below people performing at a great height to
catch them if they fall.
7. The outdoor __________ is open during the summer months.
8. They tried to climb up the great __________ of the Alps.
IV. Complete the sentences with the words below.
wall track field studios pool
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 alley rink ring course
1. A permanent 5 - inch thick ice __________ is created at the beginning of the hockey
season.
2. At the sports centre, there is a billiard room, solarium, cinema, indoor and outdoor
pools, bowling __________ and gym.
3. An ugly, previous empty office block is now a gallery and bar with dance __________
upstairs.
4. Before entering a boxing __________, you must watch fights and consult your trainer.
5. To run a mile, you have to run four circuits of the athletics __________.
6. A climbing __________ is a specially constructed one with recessed and projecting
holds to give practice in rock climbing.
7. Sports facilities include a swimming __________ and a golf __________.
8. The football __________ was too muddy to play on, so the game was cancelled.
V. Complete the compound nouns in the sentences with the nouns below.
There are two nouns that you do not need.
mainland camp dance goers lover
festival headline line shuttle
1. We stayed at a great little __________ - site near our house.
2. Stevie Wonder was the __________ act at the Glastonbury Festival in 2010.
3. The roads leading to the festival were jammed with festival __________.
4. The __________ - up at the Rock Werchter festival this year was amazing.
5. We caught a __________ bus from the station to the festival.
6. We’re going to take our holiday on __________ Europe this year.
7. You don’t have to be a music __________ to enjoy a music festival. There are a lot of
other things to see and do.

VI. Complete the sentences with the correct sports words.

1. Boxing is performed in a boxing __________.
2. They have created a completely new athletics __________ at my brother’s high
school.
3. I don’t like swimming without my __________, as I can’t see under water.
4. The boxers wearing shorts and huge __________ on their hands.
5. They have a fantastic 9 - hole golf __________ just behind their house.
6. Badminton is played with a racket and a __________.
7. You should never go horse - riding without a __________, as there is a great danger
of head injury if you fall.
8. In winter, people often go skating at the ice - skating __________.
VII. Match the words in A and B to make compound adjectives (comp. adj).
A B comp. adj A B comp. adj
high- looking __________ bad- haired __________
hard- heeled __________ well- known __________
old- working __________ easy- tempered __________
good- fashioned going
__________ long- __________
VIII. Complete the definitions with the compound adjectives in Exercise VII.
1. Someone who is always relaxed is __________.
2. A person who isn’t very fashionable is __________.
3. Shoes that make you taller are __________.
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4. A person who does a lot of work is __________.
5. Someone who is always angry is __________.
6. An attractive person is __________.
7. Famous people are very __________.
8. A person who doesn’t often go to the hairdresser’s is __________.
IX. Complete the sentences with a compound adjective from Exercise VII.
1. Nothing worries Nick. He’s very __________.
2. She’s very __________. She studies every night until midnight.
3. People recognise him everywhere he goes. He’s so __________.
4. My sister has always found __________ men attractive.
5. That dress is __________. It must be at least 50 years old.
6. He’s so __________ - he could be a model.
7. She can’t walk in those __________ shoes.
8. It’s difficult to have fun with Mark. He’s so __________.

X. Rewrite the sentences with the compound adjectives in brackets.

1. I’m sorry but I’ll have to get back to work - this project takes a lot of time, (time -
consuming)
________________________________________________________________________________
2. In a race that broke all records, Daniel Nduka wins the London Marathon, (record
breaking)
________________________________________________________________________________
3. The company tries to save money then suddenly come up with the funds when
they’re really needed, (money - saving)
________________________________________________________________________________
4. I had to close my eyes before going into the room - it was so bright in there,
(brightly lit)
________________________________________________________________________________
5. I had to wait for five months before I had an operation to repair my knee, (five -
month)
________________________________________________________________________________

Pronunciation: Stress in compounds

Notes:
- If the first word of a compound noun is more than one syllable in length, the
normally stressed syllable of the first word is the most stressed syllable of the entire
compound.
- For instance, in the compound 'security guard', the ‘cur' syllable receives the most
stressed in the entire compound because that is the normally stressed syllable of
the first word.
Underline the most stressed syllable of the following compound.
roller coaster dining room credit card middle school bus pass
swimming pool stop sign solar power fire alarm golfball

2D. Reading
I. Read the texts, and mark the sentences T (true), or F (false).

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Sarah: ‘I love animals. I’ve got four pets - a cat, a dog, and two goldfish. Horses are
my favourite animals. I go riding every weekend.’
Martin: ‘I don’t like doing sport very much, but I like watching football on TV. My
favourite hobby is playing the guitar. My friends and I have got a band called Fusion.
We practise together every Friday evening.’
Vanessa: T love sport. I play volleyball at school and I sometimes go swimming with
my sister at the weekend. But my favourite sport is judo. I go to a judo club three
times a week.’
Ben: ‘I’ve got lots of hobbies. I love computer games and I like watching films on TV
or at the cinema. I also like playing chess. I don’t do much sport, but I often go
rollerblading with my friends.’
1. Sarah has got a horse. ___________
2. Sarah goes riding every weekend. ___________
3. Martin likes playing football. ___________
4. Martin plays guitar in a band. ___________
5. Vanessa does three different sports. ___________
6. Vanessa’s favourite sport is judo. ___________
7. Ben hates watching films. ___________
8. Ben doesn’t get any exercise. ___________

II. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

Ferenc Puskas
1 Ferenc Puskas was a __________ Hungarian footballer. He was born in 1927 in
1

Budapest. His father was a football 2 __________, so Ferenc started playing at an

early age.
2 At the age of 16 Puskas joined Honved football club and helped them to 3
__________ five Hungarian league titles. In 1945 he 4 __________ for Hungary for the
first time, and was a member of the 5 __________ that won the Olympic Gold medal
in 1952.
3 In 1956 he left Hungary, and in 1958 he 6 __________ Real Madrid. Although he was
already in his thirties, he won the Spanish league five times and the European Cup
three times before he 7 __________ in 1967, at the age of forty.
4 I 8__________ him because he 9 __________ in almost every match he played in - 357
goals in 354 10__________ for Honved, 154 goals in 179 matches for Real Madrid and
83 goals in 84 matches for Hungary!

Task 1. Complete the text with the words below.

admire coach famous joined games
played retired scored team win
Task 2. Match the headings A - D with the paragraphs 1 - 4.
A. Early successes ______
B. Why I admire him ______
C. Family and early years ______
D. Later years ______
III. Read the text, and answer the questions.
Teenage leisure in the UK
Computer games and TV
In the UK today, fewer and fewer teenagers are playing games outside with their
friends. 85% prefer playing computer games on their own. In fact, playing computer
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games is one of the most popular leisure activities in the UK. In 2003, British shoppers
spent £1,152 million on computer games. In general, boys are more interested in
computers than girls.
Teenagers also love watching TV. Watching TV is more popular with boys and girls in
the UK than in most other European countries. In the UK, the TV is often on all day,
and teenagers watch it before and after school. More than half of children have a
television in their bedroom, and about a third also have a video recorder.
Sport and exercise
A lot of people are worried that today’s British teenagers don’t get enough exercise.
Today, less than half of teenagers play team sports, compared to more than 75% in
the 1970s. More than 80% of teenagers in the UK now prefer watching sport on TV to
actually playing it. More than half of teenagers agree that young people are getting
‘fatter, lazier and more addicted to computer games.’ They want to play sports, they
say, but a lot of local parks and sport centres are closing. New gyms are opening, but
they’re too expensive for most teenagers.
Essential facts
Average time teenagers in the UK spend playing sport:
• 15 - 25 minutes per day for girls
• 40 - 55 minutes per day for boys
Average time teenagers in the UK spend watching TV:
• 2.5 hours a day
Task 1. Read the text quickly. What do the numbers refer to?
85% __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
1,152 million __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
75% __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Task 2. Read the text again and answer the questions.
1. In the UK, are boys or girls more interested in computer games?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Do teenagers in the UK watch more or less TV than teenagers in other European
countries?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. How many children in the UK have a video recorder in their bedroom?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. How many teenagers in the UK today play team sports?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why don’t teenagers go to new gyms?
________________________________________________________________________________
6. How long do teenagers spend watching TV on average in the UK?
________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Read the text, and answer the questions.

The Boat Race
The Boat Race takes place in London every year in the spring. It is a race between two
teams - one from Oxford University and the other from Cambridge University. Each
team has eight rowers and a ‘cox’, the person who shouts instructions to the rowers
and steers the boat. The rowers are usually very big and strong (often about 200
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centimetres tall), but the cox is usually small and light so that the boat doesn’t have
to carry much extra weight.
The teams spend months preparing for the race. They begin training in September.
Then, in December, there are practice races - but not between Oxford and Cambridge.
Teams from the same university compete in practice races so that they can choose
the best rowers for the ‘big’ race in the spring.
The race takes place along the river Thames, in West London. The course is 6,779
metres from start to finish. It is an extremely popular event. Every year, about
250,000 spectators watch the race from the banks of the river, and about half a billion
people around the world watch it on TV.
1. How many rowers are there in a team?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is the cox usually small?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. When do the teams begin training?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. What happens in December?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. How long is the race?
________________________________________________________________________________
6. How many people watch the race from the banks?
________________________________________________________________________________

V. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

Surfing superstar
On the morning of 31 October 2003, Bethany Hamilton and some friends decided to
go surfing. The sky was clear, the sun was shining and it was a perfect day for
enjoying the big waves near the island of Kauai, Hawaii.
The 13 - year - old surfing star was lying sideways on her surfboard about 300 metres
from the shore with her left arm in the clear, blue water. Her friends were floating
nearby, looking out to sea. They were all waiting for the next big wave.
Suddenly a five - metre shark appeared just below the surface and attacked her. It bit
her left arm and shook her violently backwards and forwards. Bethany saw the water
around her turn red. She held on to her board and the shark swam away - but it took
her arm with it. It also took a piece of her board. Luckily for Bethany, the shark
attacked only once. It all happened so fast that she didn’t even scream.
In her mind, Bethany repeated: ‘Get to the beach. Get to the beach.’ She started to
paddle towards it with one arm. Her friends didn’t know about the shark attack - they
thought at first she was joking. Then they saw the blood and quickly came to help. It
took fifteen minutes to reach the shore. They called the emergency services and
Bethany eventually got to hospital.
Bethany’s parents are both keen surfers. As a baby, Bethany liked to splash in the
shallow water. She started surfing at the age of five. By thirteen, she was one of the
best teenage surfers in the world, and was planning to become a professional surfer.
Then the shark attack happened.
The really incredible thing about Bethany is that she liked to stay in the water right
after the incident and only ten weeks later she was surfing again in a competition.
Less than a year after the accident she won first place in a surfing competition in
Hawaii. Before the accident, a lot of professional surfers thought that Bethany was

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going to be the women’s world champion one day. After the accident, they haven’t
changed their minds.
Task 1. Put the events in the correct order.
_____ a. The shark swam away.
_____ b. Ten weeks later she took part in a surfing competition.
_____ c. She started to swim back to the beach.
_____ d. Bethany decided to go surfing with some friends.
_____ e. Her friends saw the blood and came to help her.
_____ f. While she was waiting for a wave, a shark attacked her.
Task 2. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false sentences.
1. Bethany was standing on her surfboard when the shark attacked her.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Her friends were close to her when the shark bit her.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Bethany lost her surfboard in the attacked.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. The shark attacked her again a few minutes later.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Immediately after the attack, she wanted to stay in the water.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Bethany is not the only person in her family who likes surfing.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. Ten weeks later, Bethany won a surfing competition.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. A lot of professional surfers still think Bethany can be a champion surfer.
________________________________________________________________________________

Task 3. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the words below
from the text.
Shore floating wave surface paddle splash
1. I hate going swimming with my brother - he always __________ me.
2. The east coast is not good for surfing because the __________ are too small.
3. You need to lie on the surfboard and __________ with your hands.
4. We stood on the __________ and watched the boats go past.
5. An empty canoe was __________ down the river.
6. She accidentally dropped her phone into the river and watched it disappeared
below the _________.

IV. Read the text and choose the correct answer.

My experience as a sports volunteer
by Sandie Jones
I volunteer for a netball organisation - netball’s a bit like basketball but usually played
by women. I’ve never actually done it - it was offered as a sport at school, but I chose
football, instead. I rarely bother to turn the TV on for sports matches, as I don’t have a
lot of time - I prefer to be out at the weekends and being a volunteer is a great way to
do that. I thought it would be interesting to know what netball is.

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I do various jobs when I’m volunteering. Matches usually take place on Saturdays, so I
arrive early to check that the course is free of stones or rubbish. Then I prepare drinks
and snacks for the players before collecting tickets when spectators start to arrive.
There’s nothing particularly hard to do, though sometimes I wouldn’t mind having a
bit more of a challenge - maybe to help sort out the matches themselves, like which
teams are playing and when. I think I’d be good at that, but I’m not complaining - I
enjoy everything I do.
The matches are great fun and I like watching people who are so good at what they
do. I always go home feeling amazed. It doesn't matter to me which team wins, which
might sound like a strange thing to say, but the best team always wins on the day and
you can’t argue with that, even if the players are unhappy about losing. Spectators do
look upset sometimes when their team doesn’t win, but you can understand that.
You’d expect the players to behave well, but sometimes they show that they’re
annoyed, and that’s a pity, because they’re all nice people, really.
I’d encourage other people to be a volunteer. It’s probably more interesting if you like
the sport involved, but it doesn’t matter because you’ll learn a lot about yourself and
other people, and make great friends. This isn’t something you can only do if you want
to get a job in sport. It’s just good fun and you won’t have to do anything you don’t
want to. It’s just nice to spend time with people from your town, outside school or
college.
1. Sandie was keen to help with a sport she.
A. liked watching
B. was good at herself
C. wanted to find out about
D. had never had the chance to try
2. What does Sandie say about the jobs she does as a volunteer?
A. She finds some of them challenging.
B. She doesn’t enjoy doing some of them.
C. She’d like to do a greater variety of jobs.
D. She’d like to try using her skills a different way.
3. How does Sandie feel at the end of matches?
A. excited by the skills she has seen
B. disappointed when her team loses
C. surprised by how the spectators behave
D. impressed by the attitude of the players
4. Why does Sandie recommend becoming a volunteer?
A. Volunteers learn many new skills.
B. It can help volunteers get jobs in sport.
C. It provides the chance to meet new people.
D. Volunteers give something back to the community.
5. What advert would Sandie write to find new volunteers?
A. I’m looking for volunteers to help me at the netball club which I run. Having
some knowledge of netball is necessary.
B. Come and be a volunteer! You only need to give a couple of hours a week and
help local sports events go well.
C. Do you want to be a sports volunteer for a well - known club? If so, send me an
email with details of your previous experience.
D. Do you enjoy playing netball? You could be the perfect volunteer for our club.
You’ll even get the chance to play in matches.
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V. Read the article about four people who enjoy running. For questions 1 -
10, choose from the paragraphs A - D. The paragraphs may be chosen more
than once.
Running for their lives
Running is a great way to keep fit. We asked four people to tell us about their
experiences.
A
Sue has been running for as long as she can remember. She has always been sporty,
but now she finds that running is her main exercise. ‘There’s no need to pay for a
gym, and the only equipment you need is a good pair of running shoes. There are no
excuses - you just put on your tracksuit, warm up and off you go. You can go running
whenever it suits you, even in the dark if you have some reflective clothing. The bad
weather puts some people off, but not me. I can run in snow with special spikes on my
shoes.’ Sue is always pushing herself harder and has started hill running recently. ‘It’s
really difficult at first, but running up hills is excellent training. It makes your legs very
strong. Even going downhill is not as easy as it might seem; you have to keep your
body upright and not go too fast or brake too much. I’ve taken part in hill running
races and I’m really pleased with my progress.’
B
Jack took up running two years ago, but suffered injuries until he tried running
barefoot. ‘It’s surprising how easy it is to run barefoot once you get used to it. The
human body was built to run without shoes, and you run in a different way when you
are barefoot. The ball of your foot, the part just behind your big toe, hits the ground
first, whereas if you have shoes on, the heel often absorbs a lot of shock. I started
running along the beach and went on to run through fields and on soft ground. Now I
can even run barefoot on concrete, which is good because I live in New York City. You
have to watch where you are stepping because you don’t have shoes to protect you. I
get some strange looks from passers - by, but I love it. There are quite a lot of
barefoot runners here and they have even organised barefoot races. ’
C
Simon says that running has changed his life. He can run a distance of 400 metres
faster than most of his friends at the running track, although he only took up the sport
a few years ago. He is hoping to improve his speed enough to enter international
competitions and has ambitions to break records. This would be an achievement for
any young person, but the amazing thing about Simon is that he has never had legs. ‘I
wear artificial legs which were specially designed for running. They are lighter than
the ones I wear for walking and I can run as fast as many able - bodied athletes.
Running is my life; it’s such a great feeling.’
D
Clare has just returned from a thirty - kilometre run. She’s been training for the Athens
Marathon for about five months. ‘You have to build up the distance slowly. My
trainer’s advice is to increase the distance by no more than ten percent each week. I
started off running just a few kilometres a week and now I’m running about 64
kilometres a week. I had a lot of difficulty at first with sore feet, and I need to buy new
running shoes every other month. I am careful with my diet and will be eating a lot of
carbohydrates in the week before the race, as this is supposed to help the body keep
going.’ This will be the first time she has run a marathon. ‘I’m so excited. I’m hoping
to complete it in under four hours, but even if I don’t, I know it will be the most
wonderful experience.’
In which paragraphs(s) do you read about

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a person with a disability? 1
________
someone who has been running for many years? 2
________
a personal goal? 3
________ 4
________
the importance of a training programme? ________
5

different techniques needed for running? 6________ 7

________
special diet requirements? 8
________
problems that running can cause? 9
________
how convenient and inexpensive running is? 10
________

VIII. Read the text and choose the correct answers.

Your life in numbers
I recently read an article about how much time the average person spends doing
things around the world. The statistics are changing all the time, of course - and the
survey doesn’t cover every country - so it may not paint a fair picture of some
populations, but it was still fascinating.
The survey revealed some interesting differences between countries. For example,
Mexicans must have fun, because they laugh more than any other population.
Germans spend the most time socializing with friends, and surprisingly, Americans
play the most sports. Then there are the toe - tapping Russians: the average Russian
dances 15 times a month.
When you add up the amounts for different activities and multiply by a 79 - year
lifespan, you get some shocking results. For example, the average person in the
developed world will spend about 11 years in front of a computer, phone, or TV screen
- much longer than we spend exercising. It’s one important reason why we spend
about 30% of our whole lives sitting in a chair. The other main reason is work. A
working life for the majority of people lasts about 116,000 hours, and you may be
sitting down all day at a desk or factory machine. That’s bad news, since medical
studies have shown that sitting down too much is very bad for your health. Of course,
we spend a lot of our lives sleeping, too - a total of about 26 years. That might seem
like a waste - we could do more with our lives if we didn’t sleep. However, scientists
say that sleep is vital to our physical and mental health. And let’s face it, if we stayed
up all night, we’d probably just spend the extra time checking our phones.
After reading the survey, I thought about all the time I must have wasted over the
years just sitting on the sofa. From now on, I’ve decided that I’m going to watch less
TV, spend less time playing video games, and play some sports. Apparently, if I
increase my exercise by only 5%, I’ll do enough to run around the world twice.
1. What does the writer say about the survey?
A. It’s only correct for her country.
B. A lot of the facts are already out of date.
C. It may be inaccurate for some countries.
D. It was interesting, but not well researched.
2. In paragraph 2, the writer says the survey __________.
A. shows that people are very similar
B. contains a fact that she didn’t expect
C. proves that Russians are great dancers
D. shows that Mexicans may have the best social life
3. What does the writer say about sitting?
A. It isn’t good to sit for too long
B. Work is the main reason people sit.
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 C. The majority of jobs involve sitting.
D. Sitting stops us from exercising.
4. How does the writer feel about sleeping?
A. She wishes that she didn’t have to sleep.
B. She thinks that sleeping is a waste of time.
C. She would like to sleep more.
D. She thinks that we wouldn’t use the time well if we didn’t sleep.
5. The last paragraph suggests that __________.
A. the writer is lazy, but wants to change
B. the article hasn’t changed her opinions
C. the writer wants to do more running
D. even a small change could have a big effect

2E. Speaking
• Everyday English
I. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
Mountain biking
Pros:
- mountain biking can help strengthen your lower body, especially your legs because
when biking, you use your lower body
- it also helps your body in general, because you are working out your whole body
- it can also help with your overall mood because it allows your body to feel good and
get more energy
Cons:
- mountain biking is an enjoyable activity but it is also dangerous
- it can be hard for beginners to get used to the riding position, and it can be
uncomfortable for the neck and wrists
Hiking
Pros:
- no matter your physical condition or ability, there is a trail out there for you just
waiting to be explored
- hiking is a wonderful type of exercise as you have complete control over what you
do, where you go, and how long you spend doing it
- hiking with a friend, or even with a group of friends, is a wonderful way of enjoying
life
- it can be a social event and provide a space for you to free up your mind and to
laugh
Cons:
- you don’t always have good weather all the time

A Our group are planning to have a day out at the weekend. I like the idea of doing
mountain biking for the whole group. First, I think 1
2
In addition .
B Sorry, but I can’t see your point. 3

4
.
A But it’s good for both your physical and mental aspects. 5
.
B I’m quite keen on hiking. Hiking is for everyone. 6
.

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 7
.
A In general, it’s good but
8

________________________________________. Hiking in the rain is not a good

experience.
B You can see the weather forecast in advance. As we know, 9 .
Can we agree on the option of hiking, then?
A OK, I agree. I think 10 .
B That’s settled then. I’m sure we’ll have a lot of fun.

III. Two students are discussing which is the better activity for the weekend:
bouldering or parkour. Student A is for bouldering, and Student B is for
parkour. Complete the dialogue using the pros and cons of each activity
below, and then come to settlement.

Bouldering
Pros:
- the indoor bouldering gym is a great place to train
- there are opportunities in indoor climbing with exercise equipment
- there is usually sufficient padding surrounding the entire fall area so injuries are
minimal
- you can do a couple of easier climbs and then work your up to harder climbs
Cons:
- you may get hurt, and it gets worse for people who are afraid of heights
Parkour
Pros:
- you are forced to move your body in different ways than you usually do
- you can be creative and express yourself through movement while also running,
jumping, and getting fit
- you can go to a class or watch a few YouTube videos
- when jumping through the air or over an obstacle, you get the feeling of freedom,
excitement and thrill
- you don’t need any special gear to do parkour
Cons:
- if you’re completely new to the activity, it can be hard to get started
- it can be confusing and dangerous if you don’t know what to do and just go jumping
like an idiot

A Our group are planning to do some adventure sports at the weekend. I think
bouldering is a good choice for all the members. I quite fancy it because 1
_____________________________________. 2_______________________________________
B Sorry, but I don’t really fancy it. 3
A Don’t worry. 4
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B I think doing parkour would be great fun. You are forced to move your body in
different ways than you usually do. 5 .
A The first problem of parkour is that 6

Besides that, 7
B But 8
____________________________________. When jumping through the air or over an
obstacle, you get the feeling of freedom, excitement and thrill. 9
A We need to make a decision. Overall, bouldering is better because there are
several levels of challenge from easy to difficult. 10 .
B OK, I agree. But I think next time, some of us should try to do parkour.
A That’s a good idea. So, that’s settled then.

IV. Complete the dialogue with the words below, and then practise it with
your partner.
did ago didn’t for gave have
having loved played playing practising taken
Phong Hi, Nick. I __________ know you played the mandolin!
1

Nick Hello, Phong. Yes, I’ve been 2 __________ since I was little.
Phong When 3 __________ you start?
Nick About ten years 4 __________. I’ve always 5 __________ music and my parents 6
__________ me a mandolin for my sixth birthday. I’ve been 7 __________ lessons
ever since.
Phong Have you ever 8 __________ in public?
Nick Yes, I 9 __________. I’ve 10 __________ part in several concerts at my music
school.
Phong When’s your next concert?
Nick On Saturday night. We’ve been 11 __________ for it 12 __________ the last six
months.
Phong Well, good luck for Saturday, then.
Nick Thanks a lot.

2F. Writing
• A blog post
Your school recently organised an open day for the English Club. Write a
blog post about it for the school website. Use the outline and prompts
below.
Paragraph 1
• Where and when did the introductory meeting of the English club take place?
- last Sunday morning, at the school auditorium from 8 o’clock in the morning, with
over 40 members
Paragraph 2
• Why did we start the English Club?
- a place for students to use English in a casual setting
- get a chance to practise many different skills in a setting that is more like real life
- feel more comfortable using English with friendly students from other classes;
certainly have a lot of fun
Paragraph 3
• What happened during the first meeting?
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 - members / learn each other’s names / discuss the way to organise the club
- organise the club by voting and choosing the boards of leaders, putting in the
agenda the themes (music, travel, food...) and skills (reading, writing, listening...)
- also discussed the rules and routines the club should have: an ‘English only’ rule,
what about bringing a friend, conducting each club meeting in a similar way...
Paragraph 4
• What did you think of the first meeting? What will you do after that?
- a great success; have a good time
- post the agenda of the coming meeting on the library bulletin board with the email
address at the top; your school friends can email you with any ideas they might have
- even want to find a fluent English speaker who will volunteer to come to your
meetings
Last Sunday morning, we organised an introductory meeting of
An English Club is a place
At the first meeting, members

In my view, the day was

REVIEW Unit 2
Vocabulary
I. Complete the sentences with the verbs below in the correct form.
bake text hang out do
read go video blog collect
1. We’re looking for people to live for seven days on the income they might receive
when they retire and __________ about their week.
2. They __________ bread and the whole house smelled of new bread.
3. Tom’s hobby is __________ rare books.
4. He was __________ with writers and artists and rarely came home at night.
5. Many readers also __________ historical novels, broadening the knowledge of the
period.
6. __________ me as soon as you get your exam results.
7. They __________ camping near the beach last summer.
8. There’s loads to __________, from walking to horse riding.

Grammar
II. Complete the interview. Use the past simple or present perfect form of
the verbs in brackets.
Interviewer When 1 __________ you __________ (start) freediving?
Susan I 2 __________ (make) my first freedive in 2001.
Interviewer How 3 __________ you __________ (discover) that you had a talent in
freediving?
Susan Well, I 4__________ (be) a good swimmer since a very young age. Later, I
5
_________ (find) that I could hold my breath for a long time under water.
Interviewer How many world records 6 __________ you __________ (break)?
Susan I 7 __________ (break) three so far. But I hope to break more.
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Interviewer 8
__________ you __________ (have) any scary moments?
Susan No, not really. Some sharks 9 __________ (swim) past me on one occasion,
but they 10__________ (not be) interested in me!
III. Choose the correct verb tense.
1. My hands are dirty because I have worked / have been working in the garden.
2. I have been / have been going to Da Nang, but I have never visited / have
never been visiting Ba Na Hills.
3. How much time have you spent / have you been spending doing your
homework this evening?
4. ‘How long have you waited / have you been waiting for the bus?’ ‘Only about
five minutes.’
5. I have recorded / have been recording the last three episodes of my favourite
soap.
6. I have learned / have been learning French for three months. I’m at about an
elementary level.

IV. Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or the present
perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1. The ground is wet because it __________. (rain)
2. I’m so sorry! I __________ just __________ the car! (crash)
3. __________ you ever __________ a well - known actor? (meet)
4. Something smells good! __________ you __________ ? (cook)
5. We __________ painting the house. After lunch we’re going to do the living room.
(not finish)
6. Where’s your homework? Don’t tell me you __________ it again. (not do)
7. How exciting! I __________ always __________ to go to Hoi An. (want)
8. I __________ never __________ why you’re going out with Jack. (understand)
9. __________ (you / think) of telling him the truth?
10. The reason why I’m so wet is that I __________ (wash) the car.

V. Complete the conversation. Use the present perfect simple or continuous.

Nick 1 __________ you __________ (see) Mai? I 2 __________ (ring) her mobile all
morning, but she isn’t answering.
Phong I think she 3 __________ (take) part in a basketball match at school. She
probably switched her phone off and 4 __________ (forget) to turn it back on
again.
Nick Really? So they 5 __________ (select) her for the team, then?
Phong Yes. Didn’t you know? She 6 __________ (play) a lot recently - most days in
fact.
VI. Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or continuous
form of the verbs in brackets. In which can we use both tenses?
1. They __________ (plan) to build a monument for the last few years.
2. We __________ (receive) a donation of € 1,000 for the homeless shelter.
3. Which of these films __________ (you / see) already?
4. She __________ (write) this book for fifteen years and she still hasn’t finished.
5. We __________ (not know) her very long.
6. I __________ (try) to call you all day. Was your phone switched off?
7. She __________ (paint) the boat all morning. That’s why she’s tired.
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8. We __________ (not include) her on the guest list because she’s been away.
9. Your clothes are covered in dust! What __________ (you / do)?
10. He __________ (work) here since he left school.
VII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below.
not care not go know like prefer rain read think
1. How long __________ you __________ Peter?
2. We __________ on holiday this year.
3. I __________ what you __________ !
4. The path is slippery because it __________.
5. I __________ meat, but I __________ fish.
6. I __________ a great science fiction story. I’ll probably finish it in bed this evening.
VIII. Complete the sentences with the past simple or present perfect form of
the verbs below.
leave deliver watch hear travel be
try
1. __________ you __________ anything on TV last night?
2. __________ you __________ the latest football results?
3. I __________ a lot in Viet Nam but not in other countries.
4. They __________ the post late every day last week.
5. Our neighbour __________ his car at the end of our drive and my dad can’t get his
car out.
6. We __________ the new French restaurant a couple of times and it’s really good.
7. How long __________ he __________ a doctor?
IX. Choose the correct answers.
1. Sorry, I’m late. I’ve worked / been working on the car.
2. I’ve researched / been researching this subject for six months.
3. She’s replied / been replying to ten emails this evening.
4. We’ve learned / been learning about our Vietnamese history in the 20th century
for several days now. It’s very interesting.
5. Have you done / been doing the shopping yet?
6. I’ve cooked / been cooking a lasagna for you. I hope it’s OK.

X. Complete the sentences with the correct words below.

since ago yet for since already just
1. We’ve been driving __________ ten o’clock this morning.
2. He’s __________ phoned. He’ll be here in fifteen minutes.
3. Can you change the channel? I’ve __________ seen that film.
4. I’ve wanted a laptop __________ years.
5. I haven’t replied __________ but I’ll do it at the weekend.
6. We met them two years __________ when we were on holiday in Nha Trang.
7. He’s been on a diet __________ Christmas.
XI. Write questions using the present perfect simple or continuous, using
the prompts below.
1. what / you / watch on TV / recently?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. how long / you / learn / English?
_______________________________________________________________________________
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3. you / work hard / recently?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. how long / you / know / your teacher?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. your best friend / seem / happy / recently?
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. how much / it / rain / this month?
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. what time / you / go to bed / recently?
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. how well / you / understand / this grammar lesson?
_______________________________________________________________________________

XII. Complete the blog post with the present perfect simple or continuous
form
of the verbs in brackets. If both are possible, use the continuous form.
I 1 __________ (travel) all my life and I 2 __________ (visit) more than twenty - five
countries, many of them richer than my own. I 3 __________ (often / want) to take
something to repay people for their hospitality but I 4 __________ (never / know) what to
choose. Anyway, recently I 5 __________ (explore) a number of websites that give
advice and I 6 __________ (find) a great one called stuffyourruck - sack.com. It was
created by Kate Humble, who 7 __________ (present) wildlife programmes on television
for many years. It’s a beautiful simple idea: the website matches up charities that
need stuff with people who are willing to provide and deliver it. Travellers 8 __________
(tell) the website about 187 organisations in eighty - one countries, and these include
schools needing books or footballs, orphanages needing clothes and toys and trade
organisations needing mobiles. So far it looks as if the response 9 __________ (be) good
and the website 10 __________ (recently / appear) in a ‘Find of the Year’ survey of new
sites.

Word Skills
XIII. Complete each sentence with one appropriate word.
1. Do you want to go swimming in the swimming __________ ?
2. The region is a land of high mountain __________ and deep valleys.
3. The concert was staged in the evening under flood lights on a football __________
4. When I was a kid, I loved the __________ for its mix of beautiful colours of water and
strong smells of salt.
5. David was a star tennis __________ in high school and college.
6. The new leisure complex has a sauna, a swimming pool and a tennis __________.
7. A bowling __________ is the narrow track along which balls are rolled during a game.
8. The other skaters were ordered off the __________.
9. Tim is dedicated to life in and out of the boxing __________ because he is a
professional boxer.
10. Facilities at the new sports centre include an 18 - hole golf __________.
11. Do you want to build a climbing __________ in the backyard for your children to
practise climbing?
12. A dance __________ is a place where people can pay for dance classes.

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XIV. Choose the correct answers.
1. Sarah’s brother is a model. He’s very well - looking / good - looking.
2. My grandmother always wears old - fashioned / late - fashioned clothes.
3. To be promoted in this company you have to be quick - working / hardworking.
4. People who are easy - going / kind - going are usually very popular.
5. Don Baker is good - known / well - known for his action films.

XV. Complete the sentences with the compound adjectives below.

old - fashioned good - looking sun - tanned broad - shouldered
tight - fitting long - legged high - heeled short - haired
blue - eyed dark - skinned
1. There’s a __________ spider in the bathroom!
2. A person with wide shoulders is __________.
3. Soldiers in the army are normally __________.
4. That jacket is __________. It must be at least twenty years old.
5. I don’t like __________ jeans. I prefer them to be a bit baggy.
6. My brother is really __________. All the girls in his class fancy him.
7. Don’t wear __________ shoes to the nightclub. You can’t dance in them.
8. People from Africa are usually __________.
9. My brother has just spent two weeks lying on the beach. He’s very __________
10. It’s quite unusual for __________ people to have black hair.

Use of English
XVI. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use
only ONE word in each gap.
Some spare time activities
Spare time activities basically fall into two categories: traditional and modern.
Traditional activities include pastimes such 1 __________ collecting and reading while
modern activities involve computer games, the Internet and television. Children often
become interested 2 __________ collecting when they come 3 __________ something their
parents or grandparents have collected. Although they are keen 4__________ collecting
when they first start, they very often become fed up with it as 5 __________ as they
reach their late teens. Reading is a leisure activity that develops with parental
encouragement. Unlike collecting, reading is a pastime that people hardly 6 __________
abandon. Nowadays 7__________ are many modern activities which are based on
modern activity, and it is not unusual to find a teenager’s bedroom full 8 __________
computer games. While computer games 9 __________ considered to be mainly a
teenage pastime, surfing the Internet is popular with both teenagers and adults.
Another pastime which teenagers have 10 __________ common with adults is watching
television. It is interesting to note that none of these activities involve having a
discussion about important issues - something which was popular in the past.

Reading
XVII. You are going to read a magazine article about whether sport is good
for you. seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from
the sentences A - H the one which best fits each gap 1 - 7. There is one extra
sentence that you do not need.
A. The sport that causes the most is football.

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 B. Thankfully, this isn’t a mainstream sport and only a relatively small number of
people do it.
C. A lucky few sustain only minor injuries.
D. I’ve looked into injuries, deaths and long - term conditions that can be caused
by sports.
E. The most severe are multiple fractures and head injuries.
F. Far more worrying is the effect of doing no exercise at all.
G. But there’s definitely a case for arguing that sport and exercise can be bad for
you too.
H. For people who do recreational sports, these types of long - term injuries are far
less likely.
Is sport good for you?
Stella Jones investigates the dark side of sport and exercise for readers.
The accepted wisdom is that we - citizens of the modern world - don’t get enough
exercise. We lead largely sedentary lives where we sit down at work and rarely walk
anywhere. That’s why health authorities all insist we need to get up, get out, get
moving and do some sport or exercise. But is there any chance that the couch
potatoes among us are better off than we imagined? Could it be that it’s the healthier
lifestyle?
Well, that might be pushing it a bit. 1 __________ Some of you must be a bit sceptical
about these claims, so let’s have a closer look at them. Then we can decide if the
benefits outweigh the damage exercise can do, or not. I’ve done some research on
behalf of our readers to investigate how sport can be bad for you. 2 __________ The
statistics on injury are quite an eye - opener. In Britain, over 13 million people a year
receive some kind of injury from doing sport or exercise. 3 __________ But just about
any sport or exercise can lead to injury. Most injuries tend to be muscle strains and
sprains from over - exertion or poor preparation. While, on the whole, most sports
injuries tend to be quite minor, a significant number can be quite serious. 4 __________
These are often caused by such sports as diving, cycling or skiing. Also, over 11 per
cent of traumatic spinal injuries, which can lead to paralysis, are the result of a sports
injury.
Apart from one - off injuries from sport, there is also the chance that sports
enthusiasts will end up with a long - term condition. These are mainly likely to affect
professional sports people. Because they play sport at such a high level, they are the
ones liable to get a repetitive strain injury (RSI) or do permanent damage to knees or
shoulders. 5 __________ Though people who do endurance sports such as long-distance
running or cycling as a hobby are also at risk.
Bad as any kind of injury is, of course, death. The most dangerous sport in this respect
is base jumping. 6 __________ Of the more popular sports that can be deadly, cycling
and swimming are the ones most likely to lead to a fatality. This all makes sport sound
pretty scary. But the truth is that the risk of dying from any sport, apart from base
jumping, is very low indeed.
Looking at all data from the comfort of my couch, I have come to the conclusion that
doing a sport or exercise can sometimes be a little dangerous. Accidents can happen
and people often sprain a wrist or ankle. But the risk of serious injury or death is too
small to even think about. 7 __________ This can lead to obesity, heart disease and
other serious diseases such as diabetes. Being too much of a couch potato is
unhealthy. We all need to do some exercise to be fit and feel good. The key word is
moderation.

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 Unit 3: Sustainable health
3A. Vocabulary
• Parts of the body
I. Match the words below with the definitions 1 - 8. There are two words that
you do not need.
ribs liver muscles lungs brain
stomach heart spine blood skin
1. The __________ sends blood around your body.
2. The __________ is where food goes after you’ve eaten it.
3. __________ is a red liquid that travels through your body.
4. The __________ controls your thoughts, feelings and movements.
5. The __________ is your backbone.
6. The __________ are bones which go round your chest and protect the organs.
7. The __________ are used for breathing.
8. The __________ cleans your blood.
II. Complete the sentences with the words below.
wrist necks leg eyelid eye
1. Have you been fighting? You’ve got a black __________.
2. Kevin can’t write because he’s sprained his __________.
3. The teacher didn’t bat a(n) __________ when one of the students left the room.
4. We kept quiet in the meeting because we didn’t want to stick our __________ out.
5. You can believe anything my uncle says because he’s always pulling your
__________
III. Complete the text with appropriate words.
Intensive exercise is beneficial to our health. It increases our 1 __________ rate, which
improves our blood 2 __________. Our 3 __________ quickens, which means that we take
in more oxygen through the many air passages leading to our 4 __________. Another
positive aspect of exercising is that our 5 __________ produces sweat, which is a way
out body releases toxins.

• Treatments
IV. Complete the sentences with the words below.
X - ray painkillers cream antibiotics
dressing medicine bandage
1. The plant was used in traditional __________ for the treatment of stomach problems.
2. You’re having flu, and your doctor may prescribe a course of __________.
3. Phong bumped his head again while snorkelling and now has a big __________
4. The __________ showed that her leg was not broken.
5. The doctor gave me some __________ to put on my rash.
6. The nurse came to change his __________.
7. Take strong __________ and see your doctor for further treatment if it doesn’t settle
down.
• Accidents and injuries
V. Match photos 1 - 8 with the words below.
ankle elbow finger knee neck shoulder toe wrist

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 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________
5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________

VI. Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions using the key phrases.
0. elbow? (bruise) 3. finger? (break)
1. toe? (cut) 4. knee? (injure)
2. shoulder? (burn) 5. ankle? (sprain)
Model: What’s wrong with your elbow? Are you OK? - No, I think I've bruised it.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VII. Complete the sentences with the words below.
ankle knee black eye yourself
bone nosebleed head wrist
1. To avoid having a(n) __________, try not to blow your nose too hard.
2. His __________ was sprained, and he couldn’t lift the bag.
3. I hope you haven’t broken a(n) __________.
4. Susan fell off her bike and bruised her __________.
5. When you cook with oil, take care not to burn __________.
6. I fell and banged my __________ on the pavement.
7. Ann slipped on the stairs and twisted her __________.
8. He had a fight at school, and came home with a(n) __________.
VIII. Choose the best answers.
1. I can’t really talk today. I’ve got a bad __________.
A. shoulder B. throat C. head
2. He fell over on the hill and twisted his __________.
A. ankle B. hand C. leg
3. I pulled a __________ while I was playing football this afternoon.
A. finger B. leg C. muscle
4. I’ve never broken a __________ in my body.
A. muscle B. vein C. bone
5. She went home because she had a __________ ache.
A. skin B. stomach C. waist
IX. Complete the sentences with the symptoms below.
blocked up dizzy itchy rash
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 sore stiff swollen temperature
1. If a part of your body is __________, it has got bigger.
2. If you’re __________, you feel as if you might fall over.
3. If a part of your body is __________, you can’t move it easily.
4. If you’ve got a __________, your body is hotter than usual.
5. If a part of your body is __________, you want to scratch it.
6. If you’ve got a __________ nose, you can’t breathe through it.
7. If you’ve got a __________, an area of skin is red.
8. If part of your body is __________, that part hurts.
X. Choose the correct word.
1. I fell and hurt my thumb / ankle and now I can’t walk.
2. I can hardly speak - my neck / throat really hurts.
3. Tom fell on his face in the playground and cut his toe / chin.
4. Dad fell off his horse and hurt his shoulder / forehead. He can’t move his arm
very well.
5. Bill is always falling over and hurting his throat / knees.
6. Mary can’t play the piano because she has injured her finger / toe.
7. My brother’s broken his thumb / throat, so he can’t play tennis today.
8. I didn’t see the shelf and I walked straight into it. I’ve cut my forehead / elbow.
9. I have to go to the dentist because I have stomachache / toothache.
10. I have a bad chin / cough - but the medicine tastes disgusting.
11. She had a pain in her chest / cough and so she went to hospital.
12. I have to stay in bed for a week to rest my cold / back.
XI. Complete the text with the words given below.
ache earache fever flu
headache temperature toothache throat
Last year I had a Maths test and I hadn’t studied, so I didn’t want to go to school. I told
my mum that my mouth was hurting. ‘Mum, I’ve got 1 __________. I don’t think I can go
to school.’ She said, ‘Get up and have your breakfast.’ I put my hands over my ears.
‘Mum, I’ve got really bad 2 __________ too.’ ‘Eat your breakfast,’ she said. ‘You might
feel better after breakfast.’ But I didn’t eat anything. ‘My arms and legs 3 __________,
Mum, and my 4 __________ is sore. I’ve got a 5 __________.’ I held my head in my hands
as I spoke. ‘I think I’ve got 6 __________, Mum. I feel awful. I don’t think I can go to
school today.’ She said, ‘Hmm, OK, let’s go to the doctor’s.’ So we went to the
doctor’s. He examined me and took my 7 __________. Then he said to my mum. ‘Tom
has a really high 8__________. His temperature is 39°C Give him this medicine and
make sure that he stays in bed for a week. No computers, no books, and no TV. Just
rest.’ I didn’t understand - I mean, I wasn’t really ill.

• Adjectives to describe feelings

XII. Complete the sentences with the adjectives below.
surprised cross proud depressed anxious
ashamed afraid disgusted envious nervous
1. There was a(n) __________ moment when the plane suddenly dropped.
2. A lot of people are __________ of snakes, but actually some are harmless.
3. Paul always gets __________ whenever __________ he has to give a presentation.
4. Everyone cries sometimes - it’s nothing to be __________ of.

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5. She was __________ that the __________ magazine had agreed to publish one of her
stories.
6. I see people who have opportunities I don’t have, and I get __________.
7. She was __________ that no one was there to greet her.
8. I was __________ at the thought of all the hard work ahead.
9. She was __________ at being interrupted.
10. He ate noisily and greedily. I tried hard not to be __________ by his manners.

3B. Grammar
• Speculating and predicting
I. Complete the sentences with must or can’t.
1. She isn’t answering the door. She __________ be at home.
2. Look at all those football trophies. She __________ be a really good player.
3. He has a strong Chinese accent. He __________ be from China.
4. You’ve just had lunch. You __________ be hungry.
5. They haven’t had a drink all afternoon. They __________ be thirsty.
6. He lives in a big house. He __________ be rich.
7. Nobody is buying her cakes. They __________ taste very nice.
8. She’s got a lot of books. She __________ love reading.
II. Choose the correct modal verbs to complete the sentences.
1. Phong and Nick __________ be in the same class, but I’m not sure.
A. can’t B. must C. could
2. That __________ be Jane in the shop. She’s on holiday.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. could
3. You __________ be right - you often are.
A. can’t B. might C. must
4. This __________ be the best picture you’ve ever painted!
A. could B. can C. can’t
5. This __________ be the first time you’ve seen this film - it’s been out for ages.
A. could B. mustn’t C. can’t
6. The shop __________ be closed by now, I’m not sure. What time do they close on
Saturdays?
A. can’t B. could C. must
III. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1 A: What are you doing this weekend?
B: I’m not sure. We __________ go to the seafood restaurant.
a. may b. will c. won’t
2 A: Will that cafe on High Street be open tomorrow?
B: I don’t know. It __________ be.
a. will b. won’t c. might
3 A: I’ve cooked Johnny some vegetables for tonight’s dinner.
B: Thanks, but he __________ eat them.
a. might b. will c. won’t
4 A: Can I try your food?
B: Be careful. It __________ be too hot for you.
a. may b. won’t c. may not
5 A: Do we need to buy any ingredients for this recipe?
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 B: Maybe. We __________ have enough garlic. Can you check?
a. won’t b. might not c. will
6 A: You know Mai is a vegetarian, don’t you?
B: OK, I __________ cook meat.
a. won’t b. will c. may
7 A: Are you going to that new bar before you leave town?
B: I don’t know. I hope so, but we __________ have time.
a. won’t b. will c. may not
8 A: What are your predictions for food in the future?
B: The good news is I think it __________ be more healthy.
a. won’t b. will c. might not
IV. Write sentences using will, may, might not or won’t and the clues.
Example: Perhaps / it / rain this afternoon.
It may rain this afternoon.
1. I’m sure / we / not win the match tonight
We .
2. Perhaps / Phong / not be at home right now
Phong .
3. Perhaps / Mai / know the answer to the homework
Mai .
4. I’m sure /I / pass the final exams this year
I .
5. I’m sure / my parents / pay for my holiday this summer
My parents .
6. I’m sure / Bill / win / the next competition
Bill .
7. Perhaps /I / study / biology at university
I .
8. Perhaps / Mai / pass / the exams
Mai .
9. I’m sure / they / not arrive / before 1 pm
They .
10. Perhaps / we / not see / you until Tuesday
We .
V. Write the sentences using expressions of speculation and prediction.
In the future:
1. children / learn at virtual schools (70% chance)
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. students / need notebooks (0% chance)
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. schools / teach foreign languages (40% chance)
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. an asteroid / hit the Earth (0.01% chance)
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. all cars / run on solar power (70% chance)
_________________________________________________________________________________

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6. books / disappear (90% chance)
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. libraries / exist any more (10% chance)
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. people / work from home (100% chance)
_________________________________________________________________________________

VI. Match the sentence halves to make predictions.

1. If global warming gets worse,
2. If you forget to upload your photos,
3. If you don’t look smart,
4. If we put our video clips on YouTube,
5. If we don’t save energy,
6. If you drive through a red light,
7. If I pass my exams,
8. If my phone battery runs out,
a. I’ll get a new laptop.
b. I’ll ring you when I get home.
c. a lot of people will watch it.
d. you might have an accident.
e. many animals will become extinct.
f. you might lose them.
g. you won’t get the job.
h. the world’s oil will run out.
• Future continuous and future perfect
VII. Choose the correct alternatives to complete the statements about the
future.
1. By 2040 we will be eating / will have eaten only processed food.
2. By the year 2100 many people will be living / will have lived on the moon.
3. By 2150 the rainforests will be disappearing / will have disappeared and there
won’t be enough oxygen for everyone.
4. By 2150 the last of the ice-caps will be melting / will have melted completely.
5. By 2175 the temperature on the Earth will be rising / will have risen to 40°C all
year round.
6. By 2200 all marine life will be dying / will have died.
VIII. Choose the correct future form.
1. Please don’t phone me before 7.00 because I’ll have slept / I’ll be sleeping at
that time.
2. If you keep spending like that, you’ll be spending / you’ll have spent all of your
money before we go.
3. By the end of this year, the twins will be going / will have been going to this
school for three years.
4. I’ll be free at 5.00 because I’ll be finishing / I’ll have finished all my homework
by then.
5. We can’t call Mia yet: she’ll be working / she’ll have been working on her
music project.
6. My grandfather will be living / will have been living in the same house for fifty
years by December.
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7. When we finally arrive, we’ll have travelled / we’ll have been travelling over
2,000 miles.
8. If you want to talk to Simon, he’ll be studying / he’ll have studied in the library
after lunch.
IX. Complete the sentences with the future perfect simple or continuous
form of the verbs below.
be arrive build cook
finish read wait write
1. Don’t come round at five o’clock on Thursday - I __________ (not) football practice by
then.
2. By Friday afternoon, I __________ this essay for four days.
3. They’re having an anniversary party next week. They __________ married for five
years.
4. Do you think you __________ this book by the end of the month?
5. Soon, they __________ this bridge for four years - and it’s still not finished.
6. I hoped Dad __________ dinner for us when we get home. I’m starving.
7. I’m going home in five minutes. I __________ for them to arrive for exactly an hour
by then.
8. By this time tomorrow, we __________ at the holiday resort.
X. Read Mary’s life plan and complete the sentences with the future
continuous or the future perfect.
My life plan
2030 Finish university 2036 Get married
2031 Travel around the world 2038 Have first child
2032 Start work 2040 Have second child
2034 Buy a house 2060 Retired from work
1. By 2030 Mary _______________________________ university.
2. In 2031 she _______________________________ around the world.
3. By 2033 she _______________________________ work.
4. By 2035 she _______________________________ a house.
5. In 2036 she _______________________________ married
6. By 2039 she _______________________________ her first child.
7. By 2041 she _______________________________ two children.
8. In 2060 she _______________________________ from work.
XI. Complete the sentences with the future perfect or the future continuous
form of the verbs in brackets.
1. My exams are in May. (finish)
By June I .
2. Our plane lands in Ha Noi at 10 o’clock. (land)
At 10 o’clock we .
3. My brother is starting work on 5 October. (start)
In October my brother .
4. My dad’s driving test is on 3 November. (have)
By December my dad .
5. They’re moving house on 15 February. (move)
By March they .
6. We’re going on holiday on 2 August. (go)

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 In August we .
7. My aunt is getting married in October. (get married)
By November my aunt .
XII. Complete the dialogue with the future perfect or the future continuous
form of the verbs in brackets.
A Hi! I’m just getting ready to come to the meeting.
B Great! 1 __________ (you / come) by coach or by train?
A By train. Could you pick me up at the station? I 2 __________ (wait) outside.
B Sure. I 3 __________ (ride) a yellow motorbike.
A Good. By the next meeting I 4 __________ (take) my test and I 5 __________ (come)
with my own motorbike - I hope.
B Good luck! How are the reports going?
A I 6 __________ (finish) them by the time I leave.
B What about the information we needed?
A Daisy7 __________ (print) all of it off by then too.
B That’s good. So, we 8 __________ (discuss) all the points at the meeting?
A That’s right.

XIII. Complete the second sentence with the correct form of the future
continuous or the future perfect.
1. My sister goes to bed at 9 pm. We arrive home at 10 pm.
My sister __________ to bed by the time we get home.
2. We’re living in this house now. We’re moving in December.
Next year, we __________ in our new house.
3. Their exams don’t finish until June.
They __________ their exams by the end of May.
4. Today is Monday. We’re flying to Ha Noi next Monday.
This time next week we __________ to Ha Noi.
5. Today is Friday. My father is doing his driving test next Thursday.
This time next week my father __________ his driving test.
6. You always have dinner at 8 pm. What about tonight?
__________ you __________ dinner at 8 pm tonight?
7. The film starts at 7.30. We haven’t arrived yet.
The film __________ by the time we arrive.
XIV. Complete the text, using the future perfect or future continuous form of
the verbs in brackets.
This is my final year at school. Six months from now, I 1 __________ (study) at
university. It’s a three-year course, so four years from now, I 2 __________ (finish) it. I’d
love a career in fashion. Maybe, in five years’ time, I 3 __________ (work) for a fashion
designer. I 4 __________ (live) in a big city: London, New York, Paris or Milan. That’s
where the jobs are. Hopefully by the time I’m 35, I 5__________ (learn) enough about
the fashion industry to start my own fashion label. With luck, I 6__________ (run) my
own successful company by then and a few young fashion graduates 7__________
(work) for me.

3C. Word Skills

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• Word families
I. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words below.
train music attend act assist
1. There are three __________ in their family. They all played instruments when they
were four years old.
2. The farm shop is looking for a new __________ .
3. She’s a very good __________ and has been in many films.
4. She’s been a flight __________ for ten years because she loves flying.
5. He’s only a(n) __________ at the moment but he should get a full-time job with the
company in two months.
II. Complete the sentences with appropriate nouns from the adjectives
below.
homesick sad disappointed confused embarrassed
excited
1. You could see the __________ on the children’s faces when we told them about the
holiday.
2. There was a lot of __________ over the technology project because the instructions
were not clear enough.
3. Imagine my __________ when I’m wearing a back shoe and a brown one.
4. Do you suffer from __________ when you’re away from your family?
5. They felt a deep __________ when their dog died.
6. His favourite band were only playing one concert that summer, so it was a big
__________ when it was cancelled.
III. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. The film I saw last night was __________ (amaze). You must see it.
2. It’s __________ (possible) to learn all the words in a language.
3. I’ve worked very hard so I’m __________ (hope) that I’ll do well in the exam.
4. I continued doing athletics because I got a lot of __________ (encourage) from my
family.
5. I was really __________ (surprise) when they did that. I didn’t expect it.
6. I don’t understand the __________ (differ) between ‘on time’ and ‘in time’.
7. Do you know who won the dancing __________ (compete) last night?
8. He’s __________ (happy) because his team lost the match.
9. __________ (fortunate), it started to rain and we didn’t have an umbrella.

3D. Reading
I. Read the text, and choose the best answers.
Use your mind
How many tablets do you take? We all take tablets for headaches and other illnesses.
But are they really necessary? The big drug companies make the drugs and tablets
that we buy to fight our health problems. But could it be possible that many of these
drugs and tablets are only good for the bank balances of the drug companies and that
there are better ways for us to get over our health problems? According to some
experts, we should use the power of our minds.
Since the 1950s there have been experiments using placebos. Placebos are tablets
which do not have an effect on the body, so they shouldn’t be able to make us better.
In the experiments some patients in the group receive real drugs for a health problem,
while others receive the placebo. No one knows who has the real drug or who has the

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placebo. In a significant number of these experiments the patients who haven’t
received the real drug get better. People think this is perhaps because they are
thinking positively and believe they will get better - so they do.
So, can we ‘think’ ourselves better? Perhaps the big drug companies should start
worrying.
1. The text suggests that drug companies _________.
A. sell drugs that are bad for us
B. sell drugs that are too expensive
C. make a lot of money
2. It’s possible that _________.
A. we could manage without drugs
B. we could live longer without drugs
C. we need different sorts of drugs
3. Placebos _________ .
A. are tablets for headaches
B. are experiments done since the 1950s
C. should not be able to cure health problems
4. In the experiments _________.
A. patients know if they don’t receive the real drug
B. patients know it’s possible they haven’t received the real drug
C. patients know they have been lied to
5. According to the text, _________.
A. some people can get better if they believe they will
B. some people get better if their doctor believes they will
C. some people get better because they stop taking drugs
II. Read the text, and match the sentences A-F with the gaps 1-5 in the text.
There is one sentence that you do not need.
A. For weeks after the accident, Boyle was interviewed by newspapers and TV
stations.
B. Both the cyclist and his bike got trapped under the car.
C. This provides extra energy to prepare the body for action.
D. He threw open the door of his truck and started running after the car.
E. Tom attempted to free the cyclist from under the Camaro.
F. Scientists, however, have the perfect explanation.

Superhuman strength
One summer evening in Tucson, USA, a man called Tom Boyle performed an amazing
act of strength to rescue a cyclist who had been run over by a car.
After shopping at the mall, Boyle and his wife were in their truck at the exit of the car
park waiting to drive onto the main road. Suddenly the car in front, a Camaro, drove
out and ran straight over a 18-year-old cyclist. 1 __________ But the driver of the
Camaro didn’t notice and he drove off with the cyclist still underneath. Boyle and his
wife could not believe their eyes and Boyle didn’t take much time to react. 2 __________
When the Camaro stopped ten metres up the road, the cyclist started hitting the side
of the car, screaming in pain. As Boyle ran towards the car, the driver got out. Without
stopping to think, Boyle lifted up the 3,000 kg Camaro so that the driver could pull the
cyclist out. About 45 seconds later, Boyle put the car back down onto the road and
went to help the cyclist.

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3
__________ He even received an award for his brave actions. But to this day, he
cannot understand how he lifted up that car.
4
__________ They claim that when the brain detects an extreme situation, it sends
more adrenaline and a substance called cortisol into the blood stream. 5 __________
Our blood pressure rises, our heart starts beating faster and more oxygen is pumped
into our muscles. We become, in effect, superhuman.
III. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
MIND OVER MATTER?
A. FIREWALKING
Walking across burning coals or red-hot stones has a long tradition. 1 __________ It
became popular in Europe and the USA in the 1970s, and many people went on
training courses to learn the skill. They believed that firewalking was good for their
mind and body and might even give them mystical powers. Actually, the ability to
walk over hot coals has more to do with physics than mind over matter. The heat
doesn’t pass quickly from the coals to the walkers’ feet, particularly if they keep
moving. If you do it properly, there is little risk of injury.
2
__________ In 2002,30 managers from the KFC fast food chain went on a team-
building trip which included firewalking. Twenty of them had to go to hospital in order
to get medical treatment for burnt soles. They used red hot wood instead of coal.
B. HYNOSIS
In the 1770s, a doctor called Franz Mesmer started to treat his patients in Paris with a
strange new technique; he held their thumbs, pressed their stomachs, and then
played music on an instrument made of glass.3 __________ Mesmer didn’t know it, but
he was using a form of hypnosis. These days, hypnosis still has medical uses, but most
people are familiar with it because of stage hypnotists. These performers ask for
volunteers from the audience so that they can hypnotise them. In this state, the
volunteers do all kinds of strange and funny things: they eat onions as if they were
apples, or they act like animals or giant babies. The main purpose is entertainment,
some people find the idea of mind control worrying. The British Government even
passed a law in 1952 in order to protect the public from irresponsible hypnotists. 4
__________ Most scientists believe stage hypnotism does not involve real mind control.
The volunteers are extroverts who want to help the performer to put on a good show.
C. TELEKINESIS
In the nineteen century, scientists became interested in the possibility that some
people had the power to move a physical object without touching it. They named this
power telekinesis, and over the years several people have claimed to have it. In 1980,
American James Hydrick became famous overnight after appearing on a TV show.
Millions watched him as he made the pages of a book turn without touching them. 5
__________ But James Randi, an American magician, was sceptical. He knows the
different tricks people use when they pretend to have psychic powers. Randi appeared
on a live TV show with Hydrick in order to test his claims. He put small pieces of
polystyrene around the book and then challenged Hydrick to turn the pages using
telekinesis, without moving the polystyrene. Hydrick couldn’t do it. Later, Hydrick
publicly admitted that he had never had special powers. So, how did the pages move?
Simple: he blew them. But he had practised blowing hard without moving his lips or
chest.
Task 1. Read the text, ignoring the gaps. Match each section of the text A-C
with two of the questions 1-6.
Which mind-over-matter activity:
1. is sometimes used by doctors?
2. caused an injury?
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3. did ordinary people start practising?
4. was first studied in the 1800s?
5. often takes place on stage?
6. was an American performer suspicious of?
Task 2. Match sentences A-F below with gaps 1-5 in the text. There is one
extra sentence that you do not need.
A. However, using the wrong materials can be a disaster.
B. On the other hand, many people doubted that his powers could be genuine.
C. It has been part of ceremonies in many different countries for at least 3,000
years.
D. Most viewers were convinced that he had genuine psychic powers.
E. Many of these patients showed dramatic improvements.
F. In fact, this was probably unnecessary.
Task 3. Answer the questions.
1. Why did people go on training courses? (Text A)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Why did the managers go to hospital? (Text A)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Why did the performers ask for volunteers? (Text B)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. Why did the British Government pass a law in 1952? (Text B)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Why did Randi appear on a live TV show with Hydrick?
_______________________________________________________________________________

IV. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

IDENTITY CRISIS
In the Bourne trilogy, Jason Bourne has acute amnesia - the loss of ability to
remember. He spends three films trying to recall his own past. ‘I don’t know who I
am,’ he says. ‘I don’t know where I’m going, none of it.’ And in a 1996 film called
Memento, the main character, Leonard Shelby, tries to solve a murder even though he
has no short-term memory - which means he cannot remember what has just
happened or store any new memories. But in real life, they are not so entertaining.
Emily’s story
One day in September 2001, a 33-year-old woman from Texas, USA, got into her car
and began to drive to work. She can’t remember exactly what happened next, or why,
but ten hours later, she was still driving. She had driven all the way from Texas to
Santa Fe, about 1,000 kilometres. She didn’t know anyone in Santa Fe so she checked
into a motel. And then, the situation got worse.
‘When I woke up the next morning, I sat up and I didn’t recognise the room,’ she said.
‘I didn’t recognise the bag that was sitting on the chair, or the clothes that were lying
over the chair. I didn’t recognise myself in the mirror. I didn’t know my name.’ When
the police found Emily and took her back to her family, she didn’t recognise her own
children.
Emily’s doctor concluded that she had a condition called ‘dissociative fugue’. Patients
wake up one day, lost. They have no problem remembering new information, but
they’ve lost most of their past. There is no physical damage to the brain. For the
reason, many doctors doubt these patients’ stories: perhaps they are using memory

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loss as an excuse for starting their life again. In most cases - including Emily’s - they
gradually make a recovery.
Henry’s story
Henry - known for years as H.M. - is the most famous amnesiac in medical history. His
brain was damaged during surgery, and as a result he suffered from a condition called
anterograde amnesia. Although he could recall his childhood clearly, new experiences
disappeared from his mind after a few minutes. He lived the rest of his life in the
present, unable to remember what had happened five minutes earlier. ‘It’s like
walking from a dream,’ he said.
Although sufferers from anterograde amnesia cannot memorise new information, they
can learn new skills. For example, patients who have guitar lessons gradually get
better and better at the guitar. But every time they play, they believe that they’re
picking up a guitar for the first time.
Henry lived with his condition for about 50 years; his memory didn’t improve in that
time. Suzanne Corkin, a neuroscientist, studied Henry’s condition for more than 40
years, and visited him regularly. But each time, he introduced himself as if they were
meeting for the first time.
One day, Dr Corkin took Henry to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the
USA for tests. As they were walking along a corridor, she asked him if he remembered
where they were. ‘Of course,’ he replied. ‘We’re at MIT.’ Dr Corkin was shocked. Had
his memory suddenly improved? ‘How do you know that?’ she asked him. Henry
laughed and pointed to a student who was wearing an MIT sweatshirt. Dr Corkin
realised that Henry’s memory hadn’t come back - but at least he had reminded her of
his sense of humour.
Task 1. Match each person with the condition they suffered from and the
fictional character who had a similar condition.
Emily Henry Leonard Shelby Jason Borne
____________ can’t form new memories.
____________ can’t remember the distant past.
Task 2. Read the sentences. Write Emily or Henry.
1. __________ had physical damage to the brain.
2. __________ ’s case was well-known among doctors.
3. __________ did not remember family members.
4. __________ drove a long way for no reason.
5. __________ ’s condition got better.
6. __________ met the same person many times, but couldn’t remember her.
7. __________ could still make jokes, despite the amnesia.

Task 3. Match the verbs of mental actions from the text with the definitions
1-8, and complete the examples with the correct form of the verb.
conclude doubt memorise realise
recall recognise remind solve
1. __________ : to become aware of a fact or situation
I suddenly __________ that I was alone.
2. __________ : to deliberately store something in your memory
I don’t need the script. I’ve __________ my lines.
3. __________ : to find the answer (to a problem or puzzle)
Sherlock Holmes used logic to __________ crimes.
4. __________ : to think something is unlikely or untrue
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 I’ve invited Lan, but I __________ she ’ll come.
5. __________ : to remember
I’m sure we've met, but I can’t __________ where or when.
6. __________ : to make somebody remember something
Please __________ me to send a card to my mother.
7. __________ : to know that something or someone is familiar
I __________ his face, but I can’t remember his name.
8. __________ : come to a decision based on the facts
The police examined the scene and __________ that the painting had been stolen.

Pronunciation: Sentence stress

Underline the stressed words in the following sentences, and use the stroke
mark to divide each sentence into segments - each segment contains one
stressed word. Then practise saying the sentences with a natural rhythm.
Example: We talked about | the causes | of floods.
1. Life expectancy has generally increased over the past few decades.
2. A good night’s sleep is very important.
3. He does exercise every morning, and goes to bed early.
4. I prefer fresh fruits and vegetables.
5. She joined a fitness class for overweight people.
6. Healthy skin is essential to human survival.
7. Eating fast food will increase your chances of developing heart diseases.
8. It is hard to sleep on a full stomach.

3E. Speaking
• Everyday English
I. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: I’m having a backache. B: a/ You’re doing too much exercise.
It’s not good.
b/ Don’t stand on two legs all the time.
2. A: I’m too old to do exercise now. B: a/ You used to do a lot of exercise,
so it’s OK now.
b/ You’re never too old to get fit,
3. A: I tripped over and now my ankle Grandpa.
is swollen and bruised. B: a/ Maybe you’ve got hay fever.
4. A: I need to lose some weight. b/ You’ve got a twisted ankle!
B: a/ Do some activities to bum
calories.
5. A: Where are they dancing in the b/ If I were you, I’d drink a lot of water
in summer.
photo?
B: a/ It looks like some kind of dance
class.
6. A: Are they trying to build muscles?
b/ They’re in a park, or maybe in the
countryside.
B: a/ Yes. They are doing pull-ups, and
7. A: You’re spending too much time lifting weights.
online. b/ Yes. I’d say that they’re tired.

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 8. A: Doing sports at school can affect B: a/ I’m having eye strain now.
our study. Do you think so? b/ I’m too busy to do exercise.
9. A: Why is your illness serious? B: a/ We should have skills of time
management.
b/ Doing sports can make us more
active.
10. A: Do you think emotions have a B: a/ The doctor said I used too much
physical effect on our bodies? antibiotics before.
b/ The doctor said I should rest a few
days, and it’s OK.
B: a/ People can experience various
emotions.
b/ Yes. We feel healthy when we are
happy and relaxed.

• Photo description
II. Look at the pictures and complete the dialogue, using the prompts below.
You have to make some changes to supply the correct forms.

Push-up
- get on the floors on all fours, positioning your hands slightly wider than your
shoulders
- extend your legs back, and you are balanced on your hands and toes. Inhale as you
slowly bend your elbows and lower yourself to the floor
- exhale while pushing up through the hands, returning to the start position
Pull-up
- start by standing directly below a pull-up bar, place your hands in an overhand grip
- lift your feet up from the floor so that you’re hanging from the bar
- bend your elbow and raise the upper body up toward the bar until your chin is over
the bar
- at the top of the movement, extend your elbow and lower your body back down to
the starting position

Mai Hi, Lan. Are you reading a sports magazine?

Lan Hi, Mai. Right. I’m looking at the pictures showing the ways to do some sorts of
exercise. I think they’re useful.
Mai Let me have a look. In the picture on the left, the woman first 1
Then, she 2
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Lan After that, she 3
Mai Certainly. Look at the picture on the right. How can the man start?
Lan I think he starts by 4
Mai Then, he 5

next, he 6
Lan I think at the top of the movement, he 7
Mai Do you think these are suitable forms of exercise for us?

• Treatments
III. Put the dialogue in the correct order. Number 1 has been done for you.
____ a Patient No, I don’t think so.
____ b Doctor Well, I suggest you try this cream. I’ll write you a prescription.
____ c Patient I’ve got a problem with my hand. The skin is very dry and sore.
____ d Doctor If it doesn’t get better, come back and see me again.
____ e Doctor Let me have a look at it. Oh, yes, that’s a nasty rash. When did the
problem first start?
__1_ f Doctor Hello, come in. What can I do for you?
____ g Patient Thank you, doctor.
____ h Patient It was a week or so ago, I think.
____ i Doctor I see. Have you got any allergies?

IV. Complete the dialogue with the doctor’s questions A-E.

A. Are you allergic to penicillin?
B. Have you had any other symptoms?
C. Have you put any drops in it?
D. Is it painful?
E. When did it start?
Doctor Good morning. What can I do for you?
Patient Well, I’ve got a problem with my eye.
Doctor Oh, yes. I can see that. 1 __________
Patient Three or four days ago.
Doctor I see. 2 __________
Patient Yes, it’s very sore. It hurts when I blink.
Doctor Let me have a look at it. Yes, the eyelid is very swollen. 3 __________
Patient Yes. I got some eye drops from the chemist’s, but they didn’t do anything.
Doctor I think you need antibiotics. You’ve got an eye infection. 4 __________
Patient No, I’m not. I’ve taken it before.
Doctor OK. I’m going to describe some eye drops as well.
Patient Good. Thank you.
Doctor __________
5

Patient No, I haven’t. I’ve been feeling fine.

Doctor Good. Now, I think you should come back next week. I want to make sure it’s
getting better. And you must call immediately if it gets worse.

3F. Writing

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• An opinion essay
I. Arrange the paragraphs (A-D) of an essay in the correct order (1-4),
according to the outline below.
Paragraph 1: Introduction
Paragraph 2: Why sports are beneficial
Paragraph 3: Physical and mental benefits of playing sports
Paragraph 4: How to balance between studying and playing sports
_____ A Students have stress issues between workouts and study hours, so they need
to manage their time effectively by establishing good relationships with
teachers and other students and making good use of time in classrooms.
_____ B Playing sports is not only a fun way for students to stay active, but it can also
be helpful for academic growth.
_____ C Sports require hard work, sacrifice and dedication. These factors help
students to excel in the classroom and on the playground.
_____ D According to researchers, most students have played multiple sports
throughout high school, and have learned to handle the study workload before
entering university. Playing sports helps students build their self- confidence,
set realistic goals and the ability to overcome obstacles in their future life.
II. Write an essay about the problem that teenagers don’t get enough
exercise and offer the measures to solve the problem. Use the outline and
the prompts below.
Paragraph 1: Introducing the facts
- to stay healthy / children / do at least 60 minutes of exercise or activities daily
- a decline of physical activity among teenagers / now only 20% of children in our
country are meeting the recommendations
Paragraph 2: Reasons for the problem, and the general measure
- change the way children use screen time because many children have become
addicted to computers, tablets and mobile phones
- encourage children to use their gadgets and apps in a positive way / use trackers to
limit the time spent on the screen
Paragraph 3: The first measure
- support and encouragement from family members / a really important factor in
increasing children’s activity levels
- in other words / family members / set a good example of how to live an active life
for children
Paragraph 4: The second measure
- getting outdoors / a great way to get children to see the benefits of being fit and
healthy
- this / include visits to green spaces, parks, playgrounds, walks and cycle tracks as
part of your everyday family life
- families / also find ways to be active indoors, including dancing and active video
games
Paragraph 5: Concluding
- a few changes to daily routines / make all the difference
- small changes / a big impact on children’s health and well-being
To stay healthy, children should do

We should change the way children

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Support and encouragement from family members is

Getting outdoors can be

To conclude, a few changes to daily routines

III. Some people believe that doing sport at school is a distraction from
studying. Write an essay in which you give your own opinion about the issue
and propose ways for students to do sport at school without causing
problems for their studies. Use the prompts below.
Paragraph 1:
- many students / tend / combine their studies / sport activities
- However / playing sports / deter students from studying / or /on the opposite / help
them / aim higher and achieve more at school?
Paragraph 2:
- sports / teach students / never give up / and / keep on moving forwards/ and most
students / carry on this attitude / their school lives
- believing / yourself / and / doing everything possible / achieve goals in sports / also
help / students / build their self-confidence to go through school well
- for example / some students / with poor performance at school / who can play
sports well / start / showing some positive results / their studies
Paragraph 3:
- doing sports at school regularly / take a lot of time
- therefore / a busy schedule / leave little time for them / study / and / do well at
school
- however / good organizational / and / time management skills / help / students
combine their sports / studying without affecting any area
Many students tend to combine their studies
Sports teach students
Doing sports at school regularly
IV. Write a short essay about the topic: ‘Are Extracurricular Activities a
Distraction from School Work?’. Use the prompts below in the correct form.
Paragraph 1:
- most students / who / participate / extracurricular activities at school / consider /
school clubs and their activities / fun and interesting
- however / a lot of the activities / take up time after school
Paragraph 2:
- many parents / hope / their children / be involved / academic activities as much as
they can / and / some / believe that / extracurricular activities / be a distraction for
their children from schoolwork and other tasks at home
Paragraph 3:
- I think the matter / really depend / on the type of school club they choose / and /
how they spend / their time / these activities
- many people believe that / it / be important for their children to become a well-
rounded person / who / have / good academic grades and involvement in one or two
sports
- if / one / divide / their time wisely / the sports / not be a distraction
- most clubs / take up / less time / joining a sports team

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- moreover / universities / prefer students / involvement in activities outside of just
academics
Paragraph 4:
- to conclude / if students / have good time management / participation in clubs or
sports / not become difficult
- they / more likely to succeed / both academically and physically / become a well-
round individual
‘Are Extracurricular Activities a Distraction from School Work?’
Most students who participate in extracurricular activities at school consider
Many parents hope

I think the matter really depends

To conclude, if students

REVIEW Unit 3
Vocabulary
I. Complete the sentences with the words below.
had banged burn broke
cut sprained twisted bruised
1. She’d fainted and __________ her head.
2. She fell downstairs and __________ her hip.
3. Keller __________ himself badly, and came off early in the second half of the match.
4. I __________ my knee while I was playing basketball.
5. She __________ her ankle while getting off the lift and made the long trip down in
pain.
6. They had a fight: James won and Jim __________ a black eye.
7. Quite a lot of household chemicals can __________ your skin.
8. Daisy said she’d __________ herself on a broken glass.
II. Complete the sentences with the adjectives below.
ashamed surprised envious cross proud
afraid depressed anxious disgusted nervous
1. We had a(n) __________ couple of weeks waiting for the test results.
2. She was __________ at the way he had treated her as though she weren’t a normal
girl.
3. I’m __________ to admit that I’ve never read any of his books.
4. Ann was __________ when she saw the dirty hotel room.
5. Colleagues were __________ of her success.
6. I’m really __________ that he remembered my birthday.
7. I didn’t tell her because I was __________ of upsetting her.
8. He looked at her so long that she began to feel __________ .
9. The company is justly __________ of its achievements.
10. The boy said he was unhappy at school, and felt __________ .
III. Match the sentences 1-6 with the symptoms a-f.
1. I’m feeling hot. _____ A. I’ve got a stiff neck.
2. I can’t speak. _____ B. I’m feeling dizzy.

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3. There are red spots on my arm. _____ C. I’ve got a blocked up nose.
4. I can’t move my head. _____ D. I’ve got a temperature.
5. I’m going to fall over. _____ E. I’ve got a rash.
6. I can’t breathe. _____ F. I’ve got a sore throat.
IV. Complete the sentences with the words below.
make provide reduce replace start suffertreat
1. One day, doctors may be able to __________ body parts.
2. We’re going to __________ a catastrophe soon if we don’t start looking after our
planet.
3. The following websites __________ useful information on places to stay.
4. Doctors use many different types of medicines to __________ illnesses.
5. Scientists are hoping to __________ important discoveries in cancer research in the
near future.
6. Most companies these days are trying to __________ their carbon emissions.
7. Will we ever __________ a space colony on the moon?
V. Complete the text with appropriate words with the initial letter given.
During exercise, our 1m __________ work really hard. Tiny fibres inside them repeatedly
make them 2s__________ and relax, but extensive stretching can lead to the ligaments
connecting them to our 3b__________ tearing, or even 4b __________ . This can cause
painful swellings, or more serious 5s__________ , which may take a long time to 6h
__________ .

Grammar
VI. Read the dialogue and complete the table with the expressions in bold in
the dialogue.
Phong Oh, no! It’s six o’clock. The match must have started and we’re still
shopping.
Nick There might be a TV shop in this shopping center.
Phong There is one. Over there! And there are a lot of TVs in the window showing a
football match. It could be Chelsea versus Liverpool. Come on.
Nick It is Chelsea and Liverpool. Great! But what’s the score? I can’t hear anything
out here.
Phong I think Chelsea might have scored. Their supporters seem very happy.
Nick No, Chelsea can’t have scored. Their manager looks really angry.
Phong He always looks angry. That’s how he motivates the players! In fact he may
be about to change someone.
Nick No, he can’t be. He wouldn’t change a winning team.
Phong But we don’t know if they’re... Hey! What’s happened? All the TVs have gone
off.
Nick It must be closing time! Quick! If we catch the next bus we’ll see the last five
minutes at home.
present past
certain 1
______________ 6
______________
possible 2
______________ 7
______________
3
______________
4
______________
impossible 5
______________ 8
______________

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VII. Complete the sentences with will, won't, may or might not. Use the
words in brackets.
1. In the future we __________ use robots in our daily lives, (perhaps)
2. Scientists say that we __________ need different sources of energy. (100% certain)
3. He __________ finish the work this evening. He’s written only one page. (100%
certain)
4. I __________ come to the party. I’m feeling quite tired at the moment. (perhaps)
5. I __________ get a job when I finish school. I want to earn some money. (100%
certain)
VIII. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first
one. Use the words in brackets.
1. Perhaps your username is wrong. (could)
Your username _________________________________.
2. Maybe I won’t go to the party. (might)
I ________________________________ to the party.
3. I’m sure they’ll lose the match tomorrow. (win)
I’m sure they _________________________ the match tomorrow.
4. Perhaps I’ll do volunteer work in the summer. (might)
I ________________________________ in the summer.
5. I think it will rain tonight. (probably)
It ________________________________ tonight.
IX. Complete the sentences with a correct present or past modal form and
the verb be.
1. He works hard and he’s got a clear objective so he __________ highly-motivated.
(certain)
2. The audience at the conference booed, so it __________ a success! (impossible)
3. They’re carrying a lot of books so they __________ students. (possible)
4. A huge number of people attended that old man’s funeral, so he __________ popular.
(certain)
5. My dad has taken an umbrella so it __________ raining. (possible)
6. Nam played basketball for the school team for two years so he __________ good.
(certain)
7. They’re blond and they’re speaking Russian so they __________ Syrians. (impossible)
8. He didn’t study very hard for the exam but he passed so he __________ lucky.
(possible)

X. Rewrite the sentences using must, can't and might.

1. I’m sure he’s French.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. I’m certain he didn’t give me the money.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. I’m sure I left my keys at home.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. He’s wearing a suit and carrying a gun. I think he’s a policeman.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Mai passed all her exams. I’m sure she studied hard.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. I’m not sure, but I think it’s Phong on the phone for you.
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______________________________________________________________________________

XI. Complete the sentences with the future perfect form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. We’re having dinner between 8 pm and 9 pm. By 10 pm, we __________ (have)
dinner.
2. These flowers won’t last more than a few days. By next week, they __________ (die).
3. My exams are in May. By June I __________ (finish) my exams.
4. They’re going away for a month on 1 March. By 7 April, they __________ (come)
home.
5. My dad is only planning to work to the age of 55. By the age of 57, he __________
(retire).
6. My aunt is only staying in my house until August. By September, she __________
(move).
XII. Complete the sentences with the future perfect or future continuous
form of the verbs in brackets.
1. I hope he __________ (find) a job by the end of the month.
2. We __________ (wait) for you when you arrive at the station.
3. You’ll recognise her because she __________ (wear) a bright yellow dress.
4. My cousins __________ (sit) on the plane to Da Nang this time tomorrow.
5. I __________ (read) your book by the end of the week.
6. We always have dinner at eight o’clock, so we __________ (finish) if you come round
at nine o’clock.

XIII. Complete the text with the correct future perfect or future continuous
form of the verbs in brackets.
In 30 years’ time we 1 __________ (live) inland because by then the sea levels 2
__________ (rise) and 3 __________ (flood) towns on the coasts. None of us 4 __________
(drive) big cars because we 5__________ (use) up all the oil and we 6__________ (not
develop) other ways of creating energy. We 7__________ (wear) thinner clothes because
the temperatures 8 __________ (increase) a lot by then. Everyone 9 __________ (work)
from home and all of us 10 __________ (learn) to swim because there will be water
everywhere.

XIV. Think about your own life one year from now. What will you have done?
Tick ( ) or cross (🗴) the things in the list Then write sentences.
finish this book ◻ have a birthday party ◻
do some exams ◻ leave school ◻
get a job ◻ start university ◻

Example: A year from now, I will / won’t have finished this book.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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XV. What will you be doing at these times? Complete the sentences with
your own ideas. Use the future continuous.
1. At eight o’clock this evening, .
2. At six o’clock tomorrow morning, .
3. At nine o’clock tomorrow morning, .
4. At midday next Saturday, .
5. At midnight next Saturday, .
6. At 11.59 pm on 31 December, .

Word Skills
XVI. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words below.
organised depressed possible excited comfortable
1. This exercise is __________ to do! It’s really hard.
2. My parents don’t like the new sofa because it’s so __________ .
3. A lot of people suffer from __________ these days because of stress at work.
4. There was a lot of __________ in the class when the teacher told the children about
the day trip.
5. I never know where anything is - I am so __________ .
XVII. Complete the blanks with the nouns of the adjectives in brackets.
1. My sister had never suffered from __________ before she went to Canada.
(homesick)
2. His __________ about his driving test got worse when he got into his car. (nervous)
3. The film was so long and slow that we fell asleep with __________ . (bore)
4. The exam instructions weren’t clear and caused a lot of __________ . (confusing)
5. Laura suffered from __________ when she lost her job, which made it difficult to find
a new one. (depressed)
6. Phong got over his __________ when he wasn’t selected for the football team by
joining the volleyball team. (disappointing)
7. When my sister dropped the plates, she hid her __________ and cleaned up the
mess. (embarrassed)
8. When he saw the damage to his car, he was speechless with __________ . (furious)

XVIII. Write the noun or adjective of the words below. Then use one of the
forms to complete the sentences.
_________________/ generosity lazy /_________________
able /_________________ tired /_________________
_________________/ necessity _________________/ kindness
_________________/ prosperity happy / _________________
1. There are motorway signs in the UK saying ‘ __________ kills’ to encourage drivers to
stop and have a rest.
2. Money doesn’t make you __________ , but it certainly helps.
3. The superhero, Mystique, has the __________ to change into anyone she wants to
be.
4. Thank you for giving €100 towards our new sports centre. We really appreciate
your __________ .
5. My dad says he hates __________ , but I think he just doesn't know how to relax and
do nothing.
6. Is it really __________ to do warm-up exercises before you go for a run?
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7. It was really __________ of Tom to ask if I was OK.
8. Mayfair and Park Lane are the most __________ parts in London - that’s why they
cost so much on this new PlayStation.

Use of English
XIX. Read the text below. Use the word given in brackets to form a word
that fits in each gap.
Are the inhabitants of an urban area like New York City less healthy than their nearby
neighbours in rural Sullivan Country? The results of a university study published 1
__________ (recent) suggest not. We generally think of city lifestyle as being 2
__________ (health) because of the problems of noise, pollution, crime, large
populations and a very 3__________ (stress) daily routine. Many of us associate big city
living with 4__________ (ill) and exhaustion, and dream of leaving an urban environment
to live in the country. We tend to believe that fresh air and peace and quiet will help
us lead a 5 __________ (calm) and less hectic existence.
But the study into health and lifestyle habits in urban and rural US counties concluded
that 84% of the 6 __________ (healthy) counties were rural. One of the reasons given for
this surprising result was that the city populations still had better access to 7
__________ (educate) and healthcare facilities and more job opportunities. High rates of
8
__________ (employ) in rural areas mean that the local population is more likely to
buy cheaper, less healthy food products, leading to problems such as obesity and
heart diseases. Also, a lower 9 __________ (economy) status is often associated with
smoking and a more sedentary lifestyle. Meanwhile, there has been investment in the
cities to provide more facilities such as gyms, sports centres and open spaces for
leisure, and 10 __________ (consequence) there has been an improvement in citizens’
health and quality of life.
XX. Complete the text with the correct words A-D.
When I saw the maths expert Alberto in action, I was surprised 1 __________ how
normal he looked. I have always 2 __________ extreme intelligence with mad scientists,
so at first I hardly noticed the slightly 3 __________ young man on the stage.
I hadn’t really wanted to attend the show, but a friend had twisted my 4 __________ .
She told me Mr Coto could guess somebody’s birthday by doing a few sums, but I
thought she must be pulling my 5__________ . However, during that evening I witnessed
this and several other tricks where Mr Coto had to 6 __________ long lists of numbers.
Alberto Coto is no mad scientist. He is a 7 __________ maths expert with a desire to help
others improve their minds. He is the current world champion in mental arithmetic but
his 8 __________ have not been widely 9 __________ . He spends his time travelling
around schools and universities, motivating students in the field of mathematics. If
you get the chance to see Alberto Coto demonstrate his 10 __________, you really must
go. The man is truly a genius.
1. A. on B. at C. in D. with
2. A. recognised B. joined C. associated D. known
3. A. short-visioned B. short-seeing C. short-eyed D. short-sighted
4. A. arm B. leg C. hand D. foot
5. A. hair B. finger C. leg D. nose
6. A. memorise B. concentrate C. think D. remind
7. A. level-minded B. level-headed C. big-headed D. narrow-minded
8. A. achievements B. successions C. goals D. managements
9. A. advertised B. communicated C. publicised D. told
10. A. knows B. knowledge C. knowing D. knew
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Reading
XXI. Read the text, and decide whether the sentences are true (T) or false
(F).
A Beautiful Mind
This 2001 drama starring Russell Crowe was loosely based on the book of the same
name about the life of the remarkable American mathematician, John Forbes Nash.
Nash has one of the most brilliant minds ever emerge from the United States, but
during his life he has had to battle with serious mental illness.
From an early age, Nash was interested in science, and by the age of twelve he was
already carrying out scientific experiments alone in his room. He spent very little time
with his classmates, who rejected him because of his superior attitudes. When the
Second World War broke out, other boys of his age were imagining themselves as
soldiers while Nash was inventing secret codes.
After graduating in mathematics, Nash went on to develop his games theory at
Princeton University where he did his doctorate. This theory became known as the
‘Nash equilibrium’, and it explains business arrangements between competitors. The
‘Nash equilibrium’ has been applied in the world of business since the 1950s.
From Princeton University, Nash moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
to teach mathematics. Here he met and married one of his students, Alicia Lopez, but
it was also here that he began to experience symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia. He
soon became unable to teach or do research and he was admitted to psychiatric
hospitals for treatment several times. Alicia divorced him and he spent the next
twenty years wandering around the campus at Princeton.
However, over the years his mental condition improved, until in the late 1980s, he
began to make contact with other mathematicians who realised that his new work has
value. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994, and he and Alicia
remarried soon afterwards. He is still at Princeton, where he has a post in
mathematics.
1. John Forbes Nash was the actor in the film A Beautiful Mind.
2. Nash preferred to be on his own when he was a child.
3. While he was at university, Nash developed an important business theory.
4. Nash has to stop teaching because he married a student.
5. He was banned from Princeton University during his periods of mental illness.
6. Nash eventually became well enough to work again.

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 Unit 4: Home
4A. Vocabulary
• Types of home
I. Complete the sentences with the words below.
villa terraced house houseboat mansion
flat semi-detached house thatched cottage detached house
bungalow mobile home
1. A _______________________ is a small house with the roof made with dried straw or
leaves.
2. A _______________________ is a big house in the country or in a town with a large
garden.
3. A _______________________ is a very large house.
4. A _______________________ is a house that is all on ground level.
5. A _______________________ is a house which is part of a row of houses that are joined
together.
6. A _______________________ is a house that is not joined to another building.
7. A _______________________ is a place for people to live that consists of a set of rooms
that are part of a larger building.
8. A _______________________ is a river boat that you can live in.
9. A _______________________ is a type of house that can be pulled by a vehicle and
moved to another place.
10. A _______________________ is joined to another house on one side.

• Parts of a house and garden

II. Complete the sentences with the below.
view traditional balcony windows holiday homes
1. My room has two large _________ , so it’s light.
2. The _________ outside my bedroom is dangerous. Don’t stand on it.
3. Would you prefer a modern flat in the town centre, or a _________ house in the
country?
4. The _________ from our room is wonderful. You can see all of the city.
5. Many celebrities have _________ that they only visit once or twice a year.
III. Choose the best answers to the questions.
1. What is usually upstairs?
a. the balcony b. the garage c. the front door
2. What is always downstairs?
a. the attic b. the cellar c. the skylight
3. Where is the car?
a. in the garage b. under the stairs c. on the balcony
4. What can’t you open?
a. the skylight b. the front door c. the step
5. What is often the highest thing in a house?
a. the chimney b. the balcony c. the garage
6. What can you walk up, from one floor to the next?
a. the stairs b. the roof c. the cellar
7. What can’t you put your bike in?
a. the cellar b. the chimney c. the garage
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8. What do bungalows not have?
a. a front door b. a roof c. stairs

• Describing houses and rooms

IV. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1. Most people like some form of bedside lighting - either for reading in bed or simply
to create a cramped / cosy / contemporary atmosphere.
2. It is a very remote / lively / charming restaurant with nice decorations.
3. The manager would like to have a substantial / spacious / peaceful mahogany
desk in his office.
4. Some of the old homes in our town are well kept, but others are beautiful /
impressive / dilapidated.
5. Landslides have cut off many villages in substantial / remote / cosy areas.
6. A boutique and beauty salon are conveniently located / beautifully restored /
pretty charming within the shopping centre.
7. The wall hangings are thought to be peaceful / spacious / contemporary with
the tiled floors.
8. Bedrooms in this hotel are spacious / remote / lively and all have private
bathroom and balcony; most take a third bed.
9. There are some very cramped / impressive / dilapidated buildings in the town -
they become tourist attractions.
10. Special buildings, including the cathedral and palaces, are conveniently located
/ beautifully restored / absolutely popular and in good repair.

V. Choose the correct words to complete the text.

In England, until the early nineteenth century, most ordinary people lived in small
1
cottages / mansions in the countryside. However, during the industrial revolution,
thousands of people moved to big cities, like Birmingham and Manchester, and started
living in crowded houses joined together at the side and at the back. They were
2
terraced / detached houses, and people called them back-to-backs. They were
usually 3two-plan / two-storey buildings. Of course, they were very different from
4
modern-day / modern-time homes. There was no running water or central heating,
and the toilets were outside. The people who lived in back-to-backs didn’t have 5semi-
saving / labour-saving devices like washing machines. 6Surprisingly /
Unsurprisingly, it wasn’t an 7easy / easily life for people in those days. Personally, I
think we’re 8lucky / luckily to live in the twenty-first century.

• Compound nouns
VI. Complete the sentences with the words below to form compound nouns.
Some words should be written in one word.
dump water container table panels
door scraper estate bed flat
1. They live in a housing _________ in the northeast of the city.
2. Solar ___________ are used to power satellites.
3. A studio _________ is a small apartment designed to be lived in by one or two
people.
4. Take the old furniture to the rubbish _________ .
5. He spent the night on a sofa _________ in the living room, and he still did not wake
up.
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6. He got up immediately when he heard the noise of the key turning in the front
_________
7. For a moment, she wished she were on the top floor of a very high sky _________ .
8. For safe transport of your goods, a shipping _________ is the best choice.
9. The room contains two sofas, and a small pine dining _________ with four chairs.
10. Two buckets gathered a couples of inches of rain _________ in a few moments.

• In the house
VII. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1. The clock on her bedside table / hook said half past four.
2. He bought a dresser, a pair of night tables, two kitchen cupboards / bookcases
for his books and records.
3. If they sat on the pillow / sofa, they sat close together.
4. The bunk bed / double bed is one of two bed that are attacked together, one on
top of the other.
5. I’ll asleep as soon as my head hits the curtain / pillow.
6. The room was dark because the cushions / curtains were drawn.
7. The pillows / duvets on the beds were thin, so he asked for a woolen blanket.
8. Our room is not big enough for a double bed / bunk bed and a couple of bedside
tables.
9. She sat cross-legged on a sofa / cushion on the floor.
10. Three fresh eggs lay in a small bowl on the top shelf / fridge in her kitchen.

4B. Grammar
• Comparison
I. Match the sentence halves and write the comparative or superlative form
of the adjectives in brackets.
1. That’s the _________ (good) pizza
2. The _________ (early) we arrive,
3. This exercise is much _________ (difficult)
4. This school is getting _________ (big)
5. This is the _________ (far)
a. than I expected.
b. we’ve ever cycled.
c. I’ve ever tasted.
d. and _________ (big).
e. the _________ (good).
II. Read the information. Write sentences with the comparative form of the
adjectives in brackets.
The Oval Office The State Dining Room
Built in 1934 1902
Width about 11m about 15m
Size 75.8m 2
165 m2
Busy used every day used on special occasions only
Comfortable *** ****
Beautiful **** *****
1. (old)
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2. (wide)
3. (small)
4. (busy)
5. (comfortable)
6. (beautiful)

III. Write questions using the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.
1. Which is _________ (large): The Pentagon, the White House or the Chrysler Building?
2. What is _________ (tall) building in the world?
3. Which is _________ (far) from London: New York, Los Angeles or Chicago?
4. What is _________ (polluted) city in the world?
5. How much is _________ (expensive) room in the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Moscow:
$18,000, $1,800 or $180 per night?
IV. Complete the extract from a report with the words below.
than enough (x2) more as (x2) lonely healthiest most
Rooms with a point of view
Kids who share a room sometimes complain that their room isn’t big 1_________ , but a
new study says teenagers who don’t share space aren’t 2_________ happy as teenagers
who do.
The study found that sharers aren’t as 3 _________ as non-sharers. They might not have
4
_________ space, but there is always someone to talk to about their problems.
However, non-sharers spend more time alone, so they aren’t as confident 5 _________
sharers and can’t negotiate as well. Some are very shy; others are more selfish 6
_________ children who share. Sharers, on the other hand, are 7 _________ easy-going
and relaxed. The study concluded that kids who share are the 8 _________ and the
9
_________ sociable.
V. Complete the text about the history of homes with the comparative or
superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.
We sleep in the bedroom, have breakfast in the kitchen, watch TV in the living
room... But in the past, many houses only had one important room and that was called
the hall...
Hundreds of years ago, the hall was 1 _________ (important) than it is now. It was 2
_________ (big) room in the house and everyone ate there and slept there. Halls were 3
_________ (busy) and 4_________ (noisy) rooms. They were also 5 _________ (warm).
There was often a big fire in the middle of the hall and a hole in the ceiling for smoke.
Because of the smoke, homes were 6 _________ (dirty) than today and the ceiling in the
hall was 7 _________ (high). Rooms were also 8 _________ (dark) than modern rooms
because the only light that they had came from fires or candles. Today, homes are 9
_________ (clean), lighter, and 10 _________ (comfortable) than they were in the past...
and less crowded, too!

VI. Complete the sentences with the comparative and superlative forms of
the adverbs in brackets.
1. Jane cooks _________ than Sue, but Anna cooks _________ of the three. (well)
2. Daisy walks _________ than Alice, but Rachel walks _________ of the three. (fast)
3. Rob dances _________ than Peter, but Jack dances _________. (energetically)
4. Alice works _________ than Carole, but Sue works _________ . (hard)
5. Paul speaks _________ than David, but Peter speaks _________ . (clearly)
6. My aunt drives _________ than my mum, but my dad drives _________. (carefully)
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VII. Look at the results of the competition and complete the sentences with
the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets.
Mia Jack Eva Ben
QUALITIES
Strength 7 10 8 9
Intelligence 10 7 9 8
Patience 9 8 10 7
SKILLS
Running 8 9 7 10
Writing 10 8 9 7
Parking 7 9 8 10

1. Ben writes _________ of the four. (accurately)

2. Mia runs _________ than Eva. (fast)
3. Ben is _________ than Jack. (patient)
4. Eva is _________ than Mia. (strong)
5. Ben parks _________ of them all. (well)
6. Jack doesn’t park _________ Ben. (well)
7. Jack is _________ of them all. (intelligent)
8. Ben runs _________ of them all. (fast)
9. Jack writes _________ than Eva. (correctly)
10. Ben isn’t _________ Mia. (intelligent)
VIII. Complete the sentences with the phrases below to make comparisons.
as it was when I bought it she was as a child than five years ago
than he used to be than it used to be than I was before
1. My brother is more confident _________
2. This watch isn’t as accurate _________
3. She’s slimmer than when _________
4. I’m happier in my new job _________
5. Fewer people drive their cars in the city centre now _________ .
6. This jacket is less trendy _________
IX. Use the words below to make superlative sentences with the present
perfect
Example: She / interesting / person /I / ever / meet
She’s the most interesting person I’ve ever met.
1. That / nice / thing / you / ever / say
________________________________________________________________________________
2. That / exciting / film /I / ever / see
________________________________________________________________________________
3. This / unreliable / car / they / ever / buy
________________________________________________________________________________
4. He’s / funny / man / she / ever / work with
________________________________________________________________________________
5. That / expensive / present / he / ever / receive
________________________________________________________________________________
6. That / good / meal /I / ever / have
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________________________________________________________________________________
• Second conditional
X. Combine each pair of sentences using the second conditional.
1. You go to bed late. You’re tired.
If_______________________________________________________________________________
2. You spend all your money. We can’t go on holiday.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. You don’t study. You don’t pass your exams.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. He smokes. The house smells bad.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. You don’t put your clothes away. Your room is a mess.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. You don’t go shopping. There isn’t any food in the fridge.
________________________________________________________________________________
XI. Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
1. If I spoke perfect English, .
2. If I lived on a tropical island, .
3. If I could live anywhere in the world, .
4. If I had a holiday home in the countryside, .
5. If I won the first prize in lottery, .
XII. Rewrite the two sentences as one second conditional sentence.
1. You don’t study. You don’t pass your exams.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. You never save any money. We can’t go on holiday.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. You go to bed late. You’re tired.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. You drink a lot of coffee. You sleep badly.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. You don’t put your clothes away. Your room is a mess.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. You don’t eat vegetables. You aren’t healthy.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. You’re always with your friends. You don’t have time for your study.
________________________________________________________________________________

• Imaginary situations: I wish only ...

XIII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. I wish I _________ (not have) so much homework.
2. I wish we _________ (be) in the same class.
3. John wishes he _________ (can) dance.
4. I wish I _________ (can) eat fish, but I can’t.
5. I wish it _________ (be) summer now.
6. I’m having a great time in Nha Trang now. I wish you _________ (be) here.
7. I wish I _________ (not have to) take an exam at the end of the year.

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8. Mai wishes she _________ (not hate) sushi.
XIV. Complete the sentences with the past simple or would + base form.
1. ‘If only he _________ (not have) that silly haircut.’
2. ‘I wish he _________ (live) nearer to my house.’
3. ‘If only he _________ (not wear) such old clothes.’
4. ‘ If only he _________ (remember) my birthday. He forgets every year. ’
5. ‘I wish she _________ (be) more punctual.’
6. ‘If only she _________ (have) more free time.’
7. ‘I wish she _________ (not phone) me all the time.’
8. ‘I wish she _________ (talk) to my friends.’
XV. Complete the sentences about imaginary situations.
1. I haven’t got an iPad.
If only I .
2. We live in a small flat.
If only .
3. My brother can’t find a job.
He wishes he .
4. I can’t stand it when you borrow my clothes.
I wish you .
5. I don’t have dinner at home tonight - I’m having a party tonight.
I wish I
6. My best friend’s moving to another city.
If only

XVI. Match the sentences 1-6 to the correct pictures A-F.

1. I wish the traffic were not so bad. Picture _______

2. I wish I lived in the countryside. Picture _______
3. I wish we had tickets for the cinema. Picture _______
4. I wish you could talk. Picture _______
5. I wish the music wasn’t so loud. Picture _______
6. I wish I were much taller. Picture _______
XVII. Write sentences starting with I wish.
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1. I can’t swim. ____________________________________
2. I don’t have a dog. ____________________________________
3. I don’t like vegetables. ____________________________________
4. I’m not very good at maths. ____________________________________
5. I don’t speak Japanese. ____________________________________
6. I can’t play the guitar. ____________________________________
7. I’ve got a lot of homework. ____________________________________
8. I’m not very tall. ____________________________________
XVIII. Write sentences starting with I wish. Use the past continuous, positive
or negative.
Example: I’m feeling ill. => I wish I wasn’t feeling ill.
1. I’m still doing my homework.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. You’re eating all the chocolate.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. I’m not feeling well.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. She’s playing computer games all day.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. You aren’t listening to me.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. It’s raining.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. I’m not wearing my reading glasses.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. We’re losing the game.
________________________________________________________________________________
XIX. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Anna
1. If only I _________ a different boyfriend. (have)
2. You’re always calling me at work. I wish you _________ me there. (not call)
3. I wish you _________ to me. (listen)
4. If only you _________ your clothes more often. You wear the same jeans every day.
(change)
5. I wish I _________ single again. (be)
Jack
6. I wish you _________ . (relax)
7. You’re always angry with me. I wish you _________ at me all the time. (not shout)
8. If only I _________ with my friends instead of here with you. (be)
9. I wish you _________ me alone. (leave)
10. If only we _________ together any more. (not go out)
XX. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first. Use between two and five words including the word given.
1. That’s a great idea! Why didn’t I think of it? (wish)
I____________________________________of that idea.
2. David wishes he’d kept his temper. (kept)
If only David____________________________________his temper.
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3. I can’t see anything from here. (see)
If only____________________________________from here.
4. Unfortunately, we don’t have enough time. (more)
If____________________________________time.
5. You just don’t listen to me! (listened)
I wish____________________________________to me.
6. She can’t stand the way the press keep asking her about her private life. (stop)
She wishes the press____________________________________about her private life.
7. I’d prefer to be at home right now; it’s too cold here. (home)
I wish____________________________________right now; it’s too cold here.
8. It’s terrible - we owe so much money. (only)
If____________________________________so much money.
9. They didn’t tell him the cost before they started the treatment. (told)
If____________________________________him the cost of the treatment before they
started it.
10. I hate it when you interrupt me. (me)
I wish____________________________________.

4C. Word Skills

• do, make and take
I. Choose the correct nouns to make collocations.
1. hoover
a. the floor b. the table c. the walls
2. load
a. the oven b. the washing machine c. the cupboards
3. clean
a. the rubbish b. the bathroom c. the ironing
4. lay
a. the table b. the shower c. the cupboards
5. do
a. the mess b. the bed c. the ironing
6. make
a. the oven b. the dishes c. the bed
7. take
a. out the rubbish b. on the walls c. up the table
8. do
a. the bed b. the rubbish c. the dishes
II. Complete the chart of collocations with do and make with the words or
phrases below.
a choice friends the housework a meal a sport
your best good (n) a difference exercise a journey
a mistake your hair homework a phone call a mess
an excuse a favour a crossword
do make
______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________

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______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________

III. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the collocations in
Exercise II.
1. Those strangers on the Internet often send you requests to become friends. They
don’t find it difficult to _________ .
2. Tom wasn’t good at cooking, so he didn’t _________ for the family.
3. ‘Can I borrow your bike? I need to _________
4. The ice hockey team _________ , but they still didn’t play very well.
5. ‘Can you _________ and open the window? It’s very hot in here.’
6. Paul _________ because he caught the wrong bus. That’s why he’s late.
7. We usually _________ after school on Friday. This week’s football.
8. You can _________ by working as a volunteer.
IV. Complete the questions with the correct form of do or make. Then match
questions 1-7 to answers a-g.
1. Who are you _________ a phone call to at the moment?
2. When did you last _________ a big mistake?
3. When do you usually _________ your homework?
4. What sports do you _________?
5. What’s the best way to _________ new friends?
6. Is your sister _________ a long journey?
7. Who _________ the most housework in your family?
a. Join a sports club.
b. Actually, I think it’s my dad.
c. Football and swimming.
d. To my friend, Nick.
e. In the evening, or sometimes before school.
f. Yes, she is. She’s travelling around the Central Highlands.
g. I think it was when I went out with friends the night before my final exam.
V. Complete the phrases with do, make or take.
1. _________ a speech 6. _________ effect
2. _________ a project 7. _________ a meal
3. _________ a phone call 8. _________ business
4. _________ place 9. _________ responsibility
5. _________ a decision 10. _________ damage

4D. Reading
I. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
The best home in London?
This is Rory Blake’s home in London. He lives on a houseboat. At the moment, the
boat is staying on the River Thames, but in the summer, Rory’s family have holidays
on it - it’s their holiday home, too.

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A ‘People think that houseboats are uncomfortable, but we’ve got everything - two
bedrooms, a living room and a kitchen. There’s even a ‘garden’ on the roof of the
boat. I’m growing some herbs up there now, because I love cooking.
B Our houseboat Marianne is seventy years old and usually it’s in the centre of
London. It’s a cool place to keep the boat - we’re near some famous museums and
a good library, and the view is great.
C The only problem is weather. When it’s windy, the boat goes up and down! Also we
need to paint Marianne every year. In fact, my dad and his friends are painting the
houseboat now.
D When visitors come here, they walk into our living room first. They think it’s great
because it’s really comfortable with a big TV, a sofa and modern paintings.
E The kitchen is my favourite room. My mum is making dinner there now. We’re
going to eat in our garden, on the roof.’
Task 1. What is the text about? Choose the correct answer.
a. living in London
b. an unusual home
c. the advantages of having a boat
Task 2. Read the text again. Match headings 1-4 with paragraphs A-E.
1. The best room on the boat
2. The city centre - a good place to be
3. A good room to sit and relax
4. Bad weather and Marianne
5. A comfortable home with a garden
Task 3. Complete the sentences with information from the text.
1. Rory lives in _________ , on a houseboat.
2. Rory’s home has got _________ bedrooms.
3. The boat is called _________ .
4. Living on a boat isn’t much fun when there’s bad _________ .
5. They _________ the houseboat every year.
6. There are modern paintings in the boat’s _________ .
Task 4. Answer the questions.
1. How many rooms has the houseboat got?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is Rory growing on the roof of the boat?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. How old is the houseboat?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. What are Rory’s dad and his friends doing now?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. What’s Rory’s mum doing now?
________________________________________________________________________________

II. Read the article about living on a boat Match sentences A-F to gaps 1-5.
There is one sentence that you do not need.
A. These get their power when the boat’s engine is turned on.
B. You only need the basics like a bed and a table.
C. You just need to turn on the engine and sail away to somewhere different.

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 D. But some boat owners say that life on a houseboat is not as romantic as it
sounds.
E. If you’ve never been on a boat, then do try it out for a few days.
F. Every few days, you have to find somewhere to fill it up again.
A rough guide to living on a boat
A boat is a cool place to live. ‘I can’t see myself living anywhere else,’ says 36- year-
old Nick Bibby. He’s one of the 15,000 people in the UK who live on houseboats. ‘It’s
amazing to sit out on the deck and have breakfast, or sit out there in the evening
when it’s calm and the sun’s going down.’ 1 _________ Read on and decide for yourself.
One of the differences between houseboats and houses is that houseboats don’t have
an endless supply of water when you turn on the tap. The water on a boat is kept in
large containers called tanks. A full tank has about 300 litres in it, which runs out quite
quickly. 2 _________ This means that washing machines and dishwashers aren’t very
practical, so houseboat owners wash their clothes and dishes by hand.
There is a similar problem with electricity. Most houseboats get their energy from
batteries.3 _________ This can be noisy and expensive, which is why few houseboat
owners have machines that use a lot of energy, such as microwaves and hairdryers.
Some of the more modern boats use solar or wind power to charge the batteries
instead.
One advantage of houseboats is that they give you the freedom to explore new
places. 4 _________ The only problem is that you have to find a place to put your boat
when you arrive. The best places are in a marina or at the side of a canal, but you
need permission to stay there. You can stay in one place on a canal for a maximum of
two weeks and then you have to move further along the canal.
And finally, that’s the question of space. The longest houseboats are about thirteen
metres long and two metres wide, which doesn’t give you a lot of room to have many
possessions.5 _________ But this also means that you spend more time outside meeting
other people just like you. The boating community is like being part of something - like
having a second family. Perhaps that’s why more and more people choose to live on a
boat.
III. Read the text and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false
(F).
Home is where I hang my hat
Most people think of a typical home as a flat, a semi-detached house, or a detached
house. However, in many parts of the world, people have chosen to opt for something
more unusual.
Beyond Central Asia
Yurts are portable tent-like structures that originated with the nomadic people of
Central Asia. Today, thousands of people in the UK and US live in yurts. Although
some people live in yurts permanently, they are better suited to those who like to
move around more frequently. Traditional yurts are supported by wooden poles and
covered with heavy felt-like fabric. However, Western yurts often have metal poles
and are covered with heavy cotton. It is possible to enjoy all the conveniences of
modern life in a yurt, but this requires some effort since a yurt is essentially a portable
home. Typically, those who choose to live in a yurt don’t mind a less convenient life.
Cruising away
Houseboats are common in many cities and towns in the UK and US that have canals
or rivers. Most houseboats are flat-bottom boats that can be monitored to a different
location, but more commonly, they are anchored permanently. Inside, the houseboat
is similar to a small flat, complete with kitchen, living room, bedrooms, and bathroom.
Space is limited, so houseboats are not for people who have many possessions.
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However, this doesn’t always lead to lower living expenses since houseboats must be
properly maintained. It is important to keep the boat in good condition, which can be
costly.
Park life
One kind of living that is more common in the US than anywhere else in the world is
the trailer. A trailer is a long, narrow metal space that typically covered with
aluminium. Most people do not move their trailers, preferring to park them in small
communities called trailer parks. Although trailer parks are viewed stereotypically as
low-income housing, there are many hardworking families who live in them. Trailers
are a good option for those who don’t need a lot of space and don’t want to spend a
lot of money maintaining a house. They are also easy to equip with all the modern
conveniences of life.
1. Traditional yurts use different materials from yurts in Western countries. ____
2. It is impossible to equip a yurt with modern conveniences. ____
3. Most houseboats are similar to flats on the inside. ____
4. Living in a houseboat is less expensive than living in a traditional home. ____
5. Houseboats and trailers are suitable homes for people who do not collect or keep
many things. ____
6. Most people who live in a trailer do not move the trailer to different locations.
____

IV. Read the text, and choose the correct answers.

A few years ago I moved with my family from the city to the country, and we now live
in an old farmhouse on the edge of a village. The house itself was built in the early
1900s and looks like something out of a novel. It’s an old stone house with very thick
walls. These walls make the house slow to heat up in the winter, so we always have a
fire in the living room fireplace in the winter months. And it is always cool inside in the
summer - too cool, actually, as the English summers never get that warm.
For an old house, the ceilings are quite high, but they are also very thin. They are just
the wooden floors of the upstairs rooms. When the lights are on in the kitchen, they
shone through the floorboards into the bedroom above. And when you walk around
upstairs, you can hear every step downstairs. Downstairs, the floors are made of black
stone and are old and uneven. In fact, the whole house isn’t straight. If you put a ball
in the middle of the dining room, it rolls immediately into the far right-hand comer.
The best thing about the house is the living room. It is a lovely, light room and I can
spend hours looking out of the window. The view is made even more interesting
because the window has the original glass in it, and each small pane of glass is
different and alters the view outside. From the sofa you can look straight out into the
garden, and to the fields beyond. The scene is always changing and there is always
something to see, including lots of different wildlife.
It has taken me a while to appreciate this view, though. For a long time, I missed the
noise and the bustle of city life. I preferred to see people, shops, and buses on my way
to school, not fields and trees. And it took me a long while to be able to sleep well at
night - it was too quiet! Now I’ve got used to country life. I cycle everywhere and I like
the space and freedom. But I never wait too long before going back and visiting my
old friends in the city.
1. The old farmhouse _________ .
A. was built by the narrator’s family
B. was described in a book a long time ago
C. takes a very long time to get warm

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 D. is better for the summer than for the winter
2. Inside the farmhouse _________ .
A. there’s enough room to play ball games
B. the stairs make a lot of noise
C. there are very interesting lights
D. the floors upstairs aren’t very thick
3. Which is true about the living room?
A. It’s a bit dark as the windows are small.
B. The view is changing all the time.
C. The window had to be changed recently.
D. The window is good for observing animals.
4. The narrator _________ .
A. can’t wait to move back to the city
B. used to like the city sights and sounds
C. sleeps only a few hours a day
D. wanted to move here for the views
5. According to the text, the narrator _________ .
A. still prefers the city
B. has got used to living in the country but doesn’t feel happy
C. is happy living in the farmhouse in the country
D. is planning to move back to the city

V. Read the text and do the following tasks.

A tiny step to save the environment
In 1997, American university professor Jay Shafer did something most people would
find unimaginable. He moved into a home that was smaller than 9 square metres. 9
square metres is not much space. Many flats contain one room that is larger than 9
square metres, but Professor Shafer was undaunted by the thought of getting rid of
many of his personal belongings so that he could live full-time in such a small home.
He packed up the clothes that he never wore and the books that he never read and
gave them to friends or donated them to charity. Once he had downsized, he moved
into his first tiny home, which he called Tumbleweed.
A. What is a tiny home like?
A house is classified as a tiny home if its living space is less than 13 square
metres. Some tiny homes are as small as 6 square metres. Although they are
small, they are made of quality materials. They can withstand freezing
temperatures and strong storms. In addition to this durable construction, another
important characteristic of a tiny home is that it’s portable. Constructed on
wheels, they may be pulled behind a van or powerful car. Because of their
portability, owners of tiny homes often move them to different locations. Professor
Shafer has lived in the middle of an apple orchard, beside a lake in the mountains
and in the Redwood forest of California.
B. What is the incentive to live in a tiny house?
People choose to live in tiny houses for a variety of reasons, not least because
they are much cheaper and more economical to run. Primarily, the owners share
certain benefits, namely a concern for the environment and a desire to reduce
consumption of material goods. Professor Shafer recalls growing up in his parents’
huge home, annoyed by the exorbitant heating and cooling bills. A tiny home can
be heated for an entire winter in a snowy climate for less than £70. This also
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 includes the cost of heating water for shower and washing up. Tiny home residents
also save money because they are unable to store much in their homes. Due to
space limitations, they cannot buy something unless they truly need it. This
decreased spending reduces the number of unnecessary purchases, leading to less
waste.
C. Where are the appliances in a tiny house?
Although a tiny house has limited space, it still contains modern conveniences
such as a fridge, a range or a toaster oven. A portable TV fits nearly in a cupboard
next to a laptop computer. Electricity is supplied in a variety of ways. Some owners
use solar panels while others’ electric needs are met by wind-powered generators.
The tiny house can be connected to a public water source via a tube.
D. How can more than one person fit in a tiny house?
There are tiny houses which are home to married couples. The living room can
hold two comfortable chairs, and the bedroom, located in a loft, is accessible only
by a ladder. Although it’s not possible to stand in the bedroom, two people can
sleep comfortably in it. It is also possible to entertain in a tiny house. Professor
Shafer has a fold-up table that holds place settings for four people, although the
plates must be quite small. Some tiny homes have fold-out benches so that as
many as six guests can be accommodated, although it is quite difficult to move
around.
Task 1. In which section (A-D) would the following information be included if
it were added to the text?
1. Clothes washing facilities inside a tiny house
2. The materials used to make a tiny house
3. Quotations from other residents of tiny houses about why they moved into one
4. How grandparents can have their grandchildren sleep at their tiny house
5. Satellite TV availability in a tiny house
6. How much money people save on bills from living in a tiny house
Task 2. Read the text again. Choose the best answers.
1. Before he moved into his tiny house, Professor Shafer _________.
A. bought new clothing and books
B. volunteered at a charity
C. gave away many of his things
D. bought some land near a lake in the mountains
2. The living space of a tiny home is defined as _________.
A. less than 9 square metres B. less than 13 square metres
C. between 6 and 9 square metres D. no more than 6 square metres
3. The disadvantage of living in a tiny home is _________.
A. they are cheap to heat B. they are safe in storms
C. they are portable D. there isn’t much storage space
4. Professor Shafer lives in a tiny house because he _________.
A. grew up in one
B. doesn’t have a lot of money
C. buys a lot of things that he doesn’t need
D. is concerned about his impact on the environment
5. The electricity in tiny houses comes from _________.
A. the wind or the sun B. a power appliance
C. a variety of sources D. a power connection via a tube

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6. Up to six people can _________.
A. live in a tiny house B. sleep in a tiny house
C. attend a dinner in a tiny house D. move a tiny house
Task 3. Match the words in bold in the text with these definitions.
1. To be strong enough not to be damaged
2. Very or too expensive
3. Impossible to believe
4. Still enthusiastic despite difficulties
5. Can be made smaller by closing it so that it takes less space
6. A space below the roof, often used for storage
7. Reduced the number of belongings and costs
8. Something that motivates you to do something
9. Easy to carry or move
10. Likely to last for a long time without breaking
V. Read the texts and do the tasks that follow.
A Printing your own home (by Emma Price)
Imagine your family wants a new home. You go to a website, choose a house, print out
the different pieces, and put them together. Maybe this sounds like a dream, but this
idea is already partly happening on a new website. First, the website allows you to
choose a digital plan for your house. Then, you get a ‘printer’ - a big machine that cuts
large pieces of wood into small parts. You put these parts together to make the house
from the plan.
You can now find examples of 3D-printed buildings around the world. They are made
from different materials, including concrete. Recently, a company printed the concrete
walls for a house in Russia in less than 24 hours. The ‘printer’ was a machine that put
down layers of concrete to make the walls. Houses are not the only things which are
3D-printed today. There are 3D-printed bridges, office buildings, and even sports
facilities like small swimming pools.
3D-printed buildings are getting better all the time, and they can have many
advantages and uses. For example, they are often built quickly and could be useful
after earthquakes when new buildings are suddenly needed. They can be cheap to
build, too, and might help with housing problems in our megacities. What is certain is
that we will see a lot more of these buildings in the future.
B Alex22 Sept 24 10:35
I was really interested to read this. I totally agree with the advantages of 3D-printed
buildings, but one impressive use for them is missing.
I think that one day these 3D-printed buildings will be important on other planets. In
the future, humans will need to travel to the moon or Mars to find new places to live.
Of course, they’ll have to build homes very quickly there, and 3D printing could be the
answer.
I read recently about some exciting plans for a building in space. The European Space
Agency asked architects to design a research base for the moon. They designed a
small building for four people with parts that can be 3D-printed in space. How cool is
that? The outside of the building will be printed from the soil on the moon’s surface.
Maybe it’ll be the start of 3D-printed buildings on other planets. Are 3D buildings in
space part of the near future or just a dream?
Task 1. Read the texts again and choose the correct answers.
1. 3D-printed houses _________ .
A. are already possible now

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 B. are possible, but too expensive to make
C. will be possible very soon
D. will only be possible in many years to come
2. 3D-printed buildings are found _________ .
A. only in Russia
B. only in design museums
C. in two or three countries around the world
D. in different countries across the world
3. According to the author of text A, 3D-printed buildings _________ .
A. need to improve
B. are improving now
C. will improve with more research
D. probably won’t improve in the next ten years
4. The author of text B _________ .
A. totally agrees with the author of text A
B. absolutely agrees with the author of text A
C. agrees mostly with the author of text A, but gives another idea, too
D. disagrees mostly with the author of text A and has a lot of different ideas
5. The author of text B is excited about the _________ .
A. low cost of 3D-printed buildings on the moon
B. use of 3D-printed buildings on other planets
C. 3D-printed building that is already on the moon
D. use of 3D-printed buildings after earthquakes
Task 2. Decide whether the sentences are true (T), false (F) or not
mentioned (NM).
1. 3D-printed houses are made from different materials like wood or concrete.
2. The walls for the house in Russia were slow to make.
3. There are a lot of 3D-printed houses in Russia now.
4. Only houses are 3D-printed right now.
5. The plans for the building on the moon are designed by architects.
6. The 3D-printed building on the moon will definitely happen.

4E. Speaking
• Everyday English
I. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: Which type of house is yours? B: a/ It’s in the city centre.
b/ It’s a detached house.
2. A: Is your house new? B: a/ Yes, it was built ten years ago.
b/ No, but it’s beautifully restored.
3. A: Your flat is conveniently located! B: a/ Yes. It’s right in the city centre.
b/ Yes. It’s next to the airport.
4. A: Those buildings are dilapidated! B: a/ They’re in a peaceful area.
b/ They’ll be demolished soon.
5. A: This area is always flooded in the B: a/ We can’t afford to do some
rainy season! redecorations!
6. A: Houses are becoming more and b/ The local authority should do
more expensive!
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 something!
B: a/ Young couples can’t afford to get
7. A: His salary is so low! one!
b/ Young people become more
independent nowadays.
B: a/ He spends more on the rent than
8. A: Look at the tree house in the on any others.
photo. b/ That’s why he shared a small room
with his friends.
9. A: That room is more spacious than B: a/ It looks so cool.
ours. b/ It’s so comfortable.
B: a/ But it looks very cosy!
10. A: A youth hostel is suitable for b/ But it’s not furnished!
students. B: a/ You’re right. The rent is cheap.
b/ Yes. They’re cheaper out of season.
• Photo comparison and discussion
II. Complete the dialogue about different types of rooms below. Use the
prompts given, and make some suitable changes.

• The single-room type is a private room with one single bed.

• A twin room in a hostel means it is a private room with a bunk bed or two single
beds.
• When travelling in a group, you can also book a family room. It usually starts from 3
beds or more than that number. However, the most common family room fits four
people and includes a double bed and one bunk bed.
A We’re Grade-11 students now, and we’re going to study at university. I think we
have to live far away from home.
B You’re right. We have to live in a dorm or a hostel.
A They have different types of rooms, don’t they?
B Sure. Let’s look at the pictures of rooms in the leaflet.
A Oh, I can see 1
from left to right.
B The single-room type is 2 .
When we want to share a room with another person, we can choose 3

_________________________________. 4 .
A What is the family room for?
B I think it’s for a group of friends. It usually 5
However, the most common family room 6
A In space,7____________________________ is the smallest, and
8
___________________________ is the largest.
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B And in the cost,9
A We can choose the type of room suitable for ourselves.

III. Two students, Phong and Nick are discussing the appropriate sort of
accommodations for their holiday. Read the extract from a magazine to
complete the dialogue. You have to use the correct forms.
‘There are several different types of accommodation on offer. Each provides various
facilities and a different experience.
Hotels come in different star level, often from 1-5. As we go up the star levels, the
hotel will offer benefits, such as a lot more facilities in our room and also around the
hotel. In our room, we often get comfortable beds, TV, air-conditioning, a mini- bar,
coffee facilities, a desk and some chairs, and so on.
Self-catered accommodation like apartments, cottages, and villas are especially great
for longer stays or if you want to have your own space or cook. Many self- catered
properties come with great furnishings and facilities allowing you to settle down for as
long as you need. In tropical countries, villas have their own pool allowing you to have
your own place to relax in the summer sun.’

Phong Our family is going on holiday and we’ve considered the best option of
accommodation. We’re going to stay in a hotel room.
Nick I think 1
Each type 2
Phong Hotels come in different star level, often from 1-5. As we go up the star levels,
3

Nick In the hotel room, you often get 4

Phong You’re right. How about your family choice of accommodation when you’re on
holiday?
Nick We often choose 5 self-catered accommodation
_______________________________________ because 6
Phong Which facilities does that sort of accommodation offer you?
Nick Many self-catered properties come with 7
_________________________________________________________as long as you need.
Phong Great for your long stay. We only go on holiday for a few days only.
Nick Moreover, in tropical countries like Viet Nam, villas have 8 .
IV. Make questions with the words below. Use comparative or superlative
adjectives. Then work in pairs and answer the questions.
1. which / bright / room in your house?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. which / useful / labour-saving device in your kitchen?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. a computer / expensive / a mobile phone?
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_________________________________________________________________________________
4. which / unusual object in your house?
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. why / semi-detached houses / expensive / one-bedroomed flats?
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. which / tall / building in our city?
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. your house / far / from the city centre / your best friend’s house?
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. what / quick / way to get to school? * I.
_________________________________________________________________________________

4F. Writing
• Writing an email about a new home
I. Arrange the body of the email (paragraphs A-D) in the correct order (1-4),
according to the outline.
Paragraph 1: the reason to write the email
Paragraph 2: location of your new house
Paragraph 3: the rooms, the neighbours
Paragraph 4: general feeling of the new house
Dear Nick,
_____ A It consists of four bedrooms, a living room, a bathroom with a shower, a
dining room, a kitchen and a toilet. The living room, which is quite large, is
decorated with beautiful pictures on the walls. There, on Sundays and
holidays, my father usually spends his time playing chess or drinking tea
with our new neighbours, and we have visiting friends or guests. All of our
neighbours are very friendly; they have helped my family so much since we
moved here.
_____ B I am feeling so excited about my new house. The house we are living in is
situated in the suburb of the city, within thirty-minute drive off the city
centre.
_____ C The atmosphere here seems good and fresh to me, so I feel nice.
_____ D How are you? Sorry for my late reply because we have moved to a new
house just last week.
Hope to see you in our new house soon.
Phong
II. Imagine that you’ve just moved house. Write an email to a friend. Use the
prompts below in the correct form, and the appropriate phrases or
structures.
Paragraph 1:
- we / just purchased a new house / the suburb of the city
- the place / very calm and quiet
- the roads / quite wide and spacious
- the house itself / located / a nice plot of land
- it / a comer plot / and / open / on three sides
Paragraph 2:
- it / a double-story house
- there / three rooms / in the front / and / three in the rear / the house
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- all the rooms / airy and well-ventilated
- the living room / the largest room / and we / already tried to decorate it beautifully
- it / need / many more things / add to its beauty
- the kitchen / also a big space / all facilities for cooking and cleaning
- it / a small dining table for quick ready dining / and / all the gadgets / required / a
good cooking place
Paragraph 3:
- we / happy / have some good neighbours
- all of them / very friendly / they have helped my family so much since we moved
here
Paragraph 4:
- I / invite you and your parents / have a visit / our new house / and / stay with us / a
few days
- I hope/ you / soon plan to come
Dear Mai,
You will be happy to know that

It is a double-story house.

We are happy to have

Now I invite
Best wishes
Laura

III. Write a short essay about the topic ‘How to Improve Your House in the
New Year’. Use the prompts below in the correct way.
Paragraph 1:
- you / begin / make a fresh start / the new year / by adding a fresh coat of paint to
the walls
- it / not only one of the easiest ways to improve your house / but / it / also a great
way / make your house seem bigger and brighter
Paragraph 2:
- cleaning the windows / also / make / your house sparkle and shine
- you / spray the windows / a vinegar and water mixture / or / a window cleaning
product
- then / wipe the windows / a clean paper towel
Paragraph 3:
- in order to save on energy bills / the new year / you / replace the lights / LED light
bulbs / save energy and money
- you / also check any air leaks / every room for better air conditioning / and / not
wasting energy
How to Improve Your House in the New Year
You can begin to make a fresh start

Cleaning the windows also

In order to save on

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 REVIEW Unit 4
Vocabulary
I. Match the sentences with the nouns or compound nouns below.
cupboard reading room studio flat skyscraper
bunk bed rubbish dump shipping containers duvet cover
1. We don’t need anything from that. All of it is old and broken.
2. Look! That’s the tallest building in our city.
3. People used to transport products in these, but now they’re using them to make a
house.
4. Put the plates in that one, and the cups over here in this one.
5. Put this on the bed tonight, and you won’t feel cold.
6. It’s very small in here. The bed, shower, and kitchen are all in one room.
7. Tim sleeps on the bottom, and his sister sleeps on the top.
8. It’s a room in a library for people who want to read quietly.
II. Complete the text with the words below. There are two extra words that
you do not need.
belonging convenient cosy peaceful permanent
ritual security shelter tradition
HOME BEYOND THE HOUSE
When Angela Andrew didn’t have a 1 _________ home, she needed a place
to keep some of her favourite possessions, so she rented a storage unit. It provided 2
_________ for her collection of vinyl records and other items she didn’t want to get rid
of but didn’t have a place for.
She now has her own 3 _________ apartment for storage. The storage unit is a 4
_________ way for her to keep some things that are important to her even though her
home isn’t large.
Around the world, it’s increasingly common for people to pay for this sort of 5 _________
- a kind of extension of their home - for possessions they don’t have space for it in a
small house or apartment. But some people take a different approach.
When Nick and Jane got married, they didn’t follow the 6 _________ of moving into a
house or apartment. Instead, they bought a camper and set off travelling. While they
don’t have a set of hometown friends who they see every day, they do have a sense
of 7 _________ to a community of people who travel - people whose home is the world
rather an apartment or house.

Grammar
III. Complete the sentences with the correct comparative or superlative form
of the words in brackets.
1. I gave him the sweets because he asked the _________ (politely) of all the children.
2. She’s _________ (happy) doing this job than she was before. Now she’s always
smiling.
3. They have the _________ (pretty) garden in the neighbourhood. It won a prize last
year.

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4. Susan was the _________ (successful) of all the students in that class. She didn’t
work very hard at all.
5. This is the _________ (interesting) programme I’ve ever watched. Turn it off.
6. Hamilton is the _________ (fast) driver in the world today.
7. Can you speak _________ (slowly), please?
8. I work _________ (hard) now than I used to.
9. Miss Hoa is the _________ (good) teacher in the school.
10. This exercise is _________ (difficult) than I thought it would be. I can do it.
IV. Use the prompts to make comparative sentences with than.
1. Nam / passed his exams / easily / Phong
________________________________________________
2. Jane / works / quickly / Emily
________________________________________________
3. Joe / drives / well / Jack
________________________________________________
4. John / sings / beautifully / Leo
________________________________________________
5. Jack / speaks / loudly / Mike
________________________________________________
6. David / usually / arrives / late / Alice
________________________________________________

V. Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the adverbs in

brackets.
1. Julia always gets up _________ (early).
2. Rob draws _________ (carefully).
3. Andy ran the 10 km race _________ (slowly).
4. Of all our class Nam tries _________ (hard).
5. Kate finishes her homework _________ (fast).
6. Lan speaks English _________ (fluently) of all of us.
VI. Rewrite the sentences using less or the least.
1. Nam and Ba are more intelligent than Phong.
Phong is _______________________________ of the three boys.
2. Lan is more hard-working than Mai.
Mai _______________________________ Lan.
3. Anna is more popular than Jane.
Jane _______________________________ Anna.
4. Toby and Tony are more generous than Tom.
Tom is _______________________________ of the three boys.
5. Jack is more confident than Mike.
Mike is _______________________________ Jack.
6. Rome is less rainy than London or Paris.
Rome is _______________________________ of the three cities.
VII. Complete the sentences with repeated comparatives.
1. Nam is getting _________ . (thin)
2. It’s getting _________ to find a job. (difficult)
3. Computers are getting _________ . (cheap)
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4. Your English is getting _________ . (good)
5. Houses are becoming _________ . (expensive)
6. During the day it got _________ . (hot)
VIII. Match the sentence halves.
1. The more comfortable the bed, ...
2. The more he exercises, ...
3. The later it gets, ...
4. The more carefully you check your work, ...
5. The sunnier the weather,...
a. the fewer mistakes you make.
b. the more tired I feel.
c. the better I sleep.
d. the more crowded the beach.
e. the fitter he gets.
IX. Choose the correct answer.
1. If they worked harder, they earned / would earn more money.
2. If we spoke / would speak German, we would go on holiday to Germany.
3. He would ask you out if you would chat / chatted him up.
4. If you said / would say sorry, she would make up with you.
5. I would be / was rich if I won the lottery.
6. If he would ask / asked her out, she would say ‘yes’.
X. Complete the sentences with the phrases below.
I’d buy it for you If I could sing If only you I wish I I’d rather
1. _________ , I’d join a band!
2. _________ would stop annoying me.
3. _________ had a billion VND.
4. _________ go to the beach than the cafe.
5. _________ if I had the money.
XI. Match the situations with the I wish /If only sentences.
1. I haven’t got a mobile phone. _____ a. If only I knew.
2. I forgot to bring the present. _____ b. I wish she was.
3. I didn’t know the answers. _____ c. If only I had had one.
4. My mum isn’t at home. _____ d. If only she had been.
5. I always forget his name. _____ e. I wish I hadn’t forgotten it
6. Jane wasn’t at home when I called. _____ f. I wish I had known.
7. I didn’t have a bus ticket. _____ g. I wish I had one.
8. I don’t know where he lives. _____ h. If only I didn’t forget it.
XII. Write what the people say in the following situations.
1. I can’t cook very well. If only _______________________________________
2. I didn’t find a new job. I wish _______________________________________
3. I smoke a lot. If only _______________________________________
4. I broke my leg. If only _______________________________________
5. I don’t sleep well. I wish _______________________________________
6. I lost my laptop. I wish _______________________________________
XIII. Complete the dialogues with I wish.
1. A _______________________________________

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 B Why?
A If I could speak Japanese, I’d talk to that girl.
2. A _______________________________________
B Why?
A If I didn’t have headache, I’d go out.
3. A _______________________________________
B Why?
A If I had some money, I’d buy a new pair of trainers.
4. A _______________________________________
B Why?
A If I had a spare laptop, I’d give it to a student to study online.
5. A _______________________________________
B Why?
A If the weather was nice, I’d go for a swim.
6. A _______________________________________
B Why?
A If it was the weekend, I wouldn’t go to school.

XIV. Write sentences with I wish to say you want these people’s behaviour
to be different. Use the words in brackets.
1. John wants to phone me after 10 pm. (earlier)
____________________________________________________
2. Sarah wants to wear jeans. (skirt)
____________________________________________________
3. My brother keeps borrowing my bike. (use his own bike)
____________________________________________________
4. We haven’t got much money left. (you / not spend it)
____________________________________________________
5. Mai wants to get a job when she leaves school. (go to university)
____________________________________________________
XV. Write sentences with I wish.
1. Oh, no! It’s raining.
2. Oh, no! The supermarket is shut.
3. I haven’t got my mobile phone.
4. My homework is very difficult.
5. I can’t find my bag.
6. We’ve got an exam tomorrow.
7. Today’s not Sunday.
XVI. Complete the sentences about imaginary situations.
1. I haven’t got a lot of money.
If only ______________________________________ money.
2. Please don’t open the window.
If I were you, ______________________________________ open the window.
3. Please don’t keep interrupting.
I wish ______________________________________ interrupting.
4. I live in a small village.
If only ______________________________________ in a big city.
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5. I can’t find my mobile phone.
I wish I ______________________________________ my mobile phone.
6. We can’t go to the beach because of the weather.
If only ______________________________________ raining.
7. I can’t stand it when you borrow things without asking.
I wish ______________________________________ things without asking.

Word Skills
XVII. Complete the text with the correct form of make or do.
One family, six continents, twelve good deeds
Jackson came home one day last year and asked his father, ‘Why aren’t we doing
more to 1 _________ a difference in the world?’ His father’s answer was to take Jackson
and his brother on a trip to 2_________ good in the world. Right now, they’re on a
journey through twelve different countries. In every place they visit, they 3 _________
their best to help people in need. Sometimes they look after children, sometimes they
4
_________ meals and sometimes they teach English. Wherever they go, they 5
_________ friends with a lot of different people.

XVIII. Write answers beginning with I made or I did. Use the words in
brackets.
1. How did you lose weight? (decision)
____________________________________ to start eating healthily.
2. How did you contact her? (phone)
_______________________________________________________
3. How do you know Ben? (business)
_______________________________________________ with him.
4. I heard the restaurant was closed, so what did you do? (meal)
_______________________________________________________
5. What type of work did you do at school today? (project)
_______________________________________________________
6. What did you do in the library after school? (homework)
_______________________________________________________
7. How did the Public Speaking Club finish? (speech)
_______________________________________________________

Use of English
XIX. Read the text, and choose the correct answer for each gap.
Treehouses - Not Just For Kids
Have you ever wanted to hide away from the rest of your family and get a little 1
_________ and quiet? Do you think houses in trees are just for children? Well, think
again. Here at Arborbuild we can help you 2 _________ the perfect treehouse. David
Arbor started Arborbuild in the late 1980s. He needed an office to work 3 _________ so
he built a treehouse in his garden. He enjoyed the project so much that he gave 4
_________ his job as an accountant and started his own company, building treehouses
full- time. Twelve people work for him now and he 5 _________ treehouses in fifteen
countries. 6 _________ you need an office, a storeroom, a playroom for the kids, or just
somewhere to relax and read a book, Arborbuild can help you. Our planners will help

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you create the perfect space. Our workers will then build your dream — a dream that 7

_________ a lifetime.
1. A. silence B. peace C. sleep
2. A. map B. describe C. design
3. A. in B. for C. with
4. A. up B. over C. in
5. A. built B. has built C. build
6. A. Where B. As C. If
7. A. last B. will last C. needs to last

XX. Read the text, and choose the correct answer for each gap.
The edible house
EATHOUSE is a house that is a garden, or a garden in the shape of a house, if you
prefer. It was the idea of a group of Dutch architects, who are very proud 1 _________
the design. The basic structure is a set of long thin metal poles that you put together
to form a house. Then you fill the spaces between the poles with special boxes called
crates. The crates are the walls of the house and they contain plants which,
eventually, 2 _________ vegetables.
The house is 3 _________ , so you don’t damage the environment when you build it. And
you can take it down and build it in a different location whenever you want to. The
good thing is that you don’t leave 4 _________ waste when you move it. The system is
very simple, so anyone who is keen 5 growing vegetables can use it. However, you’ll
probably need the help of 6 _________ friends to hold the poles and carry the crates on
your first day.
You only need sunshine, water and a lot of loving care to look 7 _________ Eathouse - it
isn’t as hard 8 _________ you might think. And it doesn’t cost much either, because
plastic crates and growbags are cheap 9 _________ for most people to afford. The
watering system is probably 10 _________ expensive part.
1. A. in B. for C. of
2. A. package B. produce C. recycle
3. A. eco-friendly B. energy-efficient C. open-plan
4. A. some B. any C. a few
5. A. on B. in C. of
6. A. a little B. much C. some
7. A. at B. after C. for
8. A. as B. than C. that
9. A. much B. enough C. too
10. A. a more and more B. a more C. the most

Reading
XXI. Read the text. Four sentences have been removed. Match each gap 1-4
with a sentence A-E. There is one extra sentence that you do not need.
A. It was funny to be surrounded by water, but feel that we didn’t have much of it.
B. It was strange at first to stay in the same place, but the pleasure of going to
school helped a lot.
C. So there was a lot of hard work for my parents and my sister and me.
D. Our house was always rocking and moving slightly.
E. As a result, there wasn’t much space, so we had to be very tidy.

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 The way things were
When I think of my childhood, I think of water. I was born, and spent my early life, on a
houseboat, along with my older sister and my parents. I remember the unsteady, but
also comforting, feeling of being on the water. 1 _________ And I remember the rain -
lots of it. When you’re on a small boat, you feel and notice the weather more. I also
remember going to the standpipe to fetch water. We regularly needed to fill up the
water tanks on the boat, and that job belonged to me and my sister. We always had to
be careful with how much water we used. 2 _________ We washed in a small tin bath,
and washed our hair in the sink. We brushed our teeth with a mug of water. My mum
washed all our clothes by hand and hung them out along the top of the boat in fine
weather, but all over the inside of the boat on rainy days. A lingering memory of my
childhood is the smell of damp clothes.
Our boat was fairly long, but extremely narrow. 3 _________ My parents’ bedroom was
at the far end of the boat, next to the little room where my sister and I had bunk beds.
At the other end of the boat, there was a tiny bathroom, living space, we played
beside the boat at the water’s edge. We used to play outside in all weather. Most of
my early life we spent travelling along the canals of the Mekong Delta. But when I was
six, we came to stay in Can Tho on a canal near the centre of the city, and my sister
and I started formal education. 4 _________ Until then we hadn’t really realised that our
way of life was unusual, but our new friends were fascinated by our home. As we were
by theirs.

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 Unit 5: Technology
5A. Vocabulary
• Digital activities & Computing verbs
I. Choose the correct words.
1. I wonder if Nick’s ill. He hasn’t updated / created his blog for ages.
2. Richard posted / logged his exam results on Facebook. He’s such a show-off.
3. Look! Jenny has created / deactivated an album so that we can look at her
photos.
4. Facebook is so boring! I’ve just created / deactivated my profile.
5. How can I upload / update these photos to my blog?
6. I’ve forgotten my password, so I can’t log on / post to my email account.

II. Complete the sentences with appropriate words.

1. You have to post / download / log on an app if you want to read this magazine
on your phone.
2. I don’t believe it. I told Anna not to post / scroll / stream that photo on my profile
- now my mum can see it.
3. Tom has been uploading / browsing / updating through the online catalogue for
ages and still hasn’t found the book he’s looking for.
4. The application has finished installing, but I think you’ll need to stream /
download / double-click on the icon.
5. The contact details are at the top of the webpage. You just need to scroll up /
scroll down / browse to the top to see them.
6. I can’t text him just now. I’m downloading / streaming / joining live TV on my
phone at the moment.
7. You don’t need a keyboard. The plug / lens / touchscreen on this tablet is really
easy to use.
8. If your mobile phone gets wet, the electronic circuit board / battery / aerial may
need to be cleaned.

III. Complete the sentences with the correct words whose initial letter is
given.
1. You can s __________ in to the account by providing your name and password.
2. Feel free to e __________ any of the details. You can change anything you like.
3. Photos of our holiday were u __________ on to the website yesterday.
4. Just t __________ the icon on the screen once gently, and it should open.
5. If you want a close-up of the picture, it’s easy to z __________ in.
6. The file can be opened by d __________ -clicking on the icon.
7. Just d __________ the photos that you don’t want.
8. A computer h __________ who gained access to top secret government websites was
arrested by police.

IV. Read the verbs below. Then use some of them to complete the sentences
below. Computing: useful verbs
browse cancel click / double-click delete
enter highlight key press (a key)
scan scroll up / down search swipe
tap zoom in / out
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1. Let’s __________ and see what they’ve written underneath the video.
2. What were we going to __________ for?
3. I don’t need to __________ in my card details.
4. __________ on that button.
5. __________ so we can see him more clearly.
6. Just __________ from left to right, then __________ the red button with your finger.
7. Use the cursor to __________ the name of the film and then __________ the return
key.
8. We can’t wait that long. How do we __________ the download?
V. Complete the sentences with the words / phrases below. There is one
word/ phrase you do not need.
upload create deactivate log on update
post
1. I can’t __________ to this website. It keeps blocking my password.
2. I’m going to __________ a message on my blog and see if any friends can help me
organise my party.
3. My mum told me to __________ my social networking profiles because I was using
them too much.
4. You need to __________ an account to buy things from that website.
5. Can you help me __________ my holiday photos to my web page?

VI. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs below.
zip save browse connect post update
1. A Have you __________ anything interesting on your blog this week?
B No, I haven’t had time.
2. A You’ve had the same phone for years. You should __________ it for a newer
model.
B I don’t want to. I’m happy with this one.
3. A You look tired.
B I am. I __________ the Internet for hours last night.
4. A I’ve got no space left on my hard drive.
B You should __________ some of the large files. That will free up some space.
5. A How do I __________ my game console to the Internet?
B You need access to a wireless connection.
6. A There isn’t enough space to __________ all my music and photos on my hard
drive.
B You should store them on a cloud server.

VII. Match the sentence halves.

1. If you want to tell all your friends your latest news,
2. You can use autocomplete to fill in forms
3. If any of the links are broken,
4. You can bookmark a web page
5. If you need to use the Internet at the airport,
6. You can download the podcast
7. If you want your phone to identify songs,
a. you have to install a new app.

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 b. if you want to listen to the programme.
c. you could write a blog.
d. if you want to save time.
e. if you like it and want to find it again quickly.
f. you should contact the webmaster.
g. you have to locate a Wi-Fi hotspot.
VIII. Complete the texts with the verbs and prepositions below.
join log on on post to update
I love social networking. I __________ __________ Facebook most evenings. I usually
1 2

find lots of other friends online too and 3 __________ their chats or I 4 __________
comments 5 __________ their walls. I usually 6 __________ my profile once a week or so -
maybe change the photo or add something to my list of likes and dislikes.

download from on stream to upload

I __________ a lot of apps and music to my computer, usually __________ iTunes. But
7 8

the tracks are quite expensive, so I also 9 __________ a lot of live radio 10 __________ my
phone or computer. I play in a band and I 11 __________ videos of us playing new tracks
12
__________ our YouTube channel so that other people can see them.
IX. Choose the correct verbs to complete the instructions. Sometimes both
verbs are correct.
1. Scroll down / Tap to the bottom of the page and click on / enter the ‘Contact’
link.
2. Browse / Search through the folders on your hard drive, then double-click /
press on the relevant icon.
3. Enter / Key the postcode, then zoom in / zoom out to see the street in greater
detail.
4. Swipe down / Scroll down the list of contacts and tap on / click on the name
you are looking for.
5. Highlight / Scan the words you want to change and click on / key the relevant
button on the toolbar.

X. Choose the correct answer.

1. I loved that video of the cats you posted / tagged the other day.
2. I shared / tagged that article about teenagers with my friends.
3. Please will you block / take down that awful photo of me?
4. Do you follow / like that film star on Twitter?
5. I’m going to take down / block Jane - she always puts mean things online.
6. Mai posted / tagged you in that photo we took at the party - it’s really funny.
7. Susan blocked / commented on that video you put on your page.
8. Hardly anyone’s liked / commented my latest post.
XI. Complete the text with the words below.
follow block comment like
post share tag take down
I spend loads of time online. I don’t like to miss out on what’s happening out there. I
update my status a few times every day and 1 __________ stuff I think my friends will be
interested in. I also like to 2__________ videos or articles I’ve found that I think people
will like. Some are funny and some are serious. I like it when people 3 __________ on
stuff I’ve posted. It’s interesting to hear other people’s opinions. I’m not bothered
about whether people 4‘ __________ ’ things - it’s a bit lazy just to hit the button and not
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respond properly. Some people are only interested in getting Tikes’ and put all kinds
of rubbish online just to get a reaction. Who’s really interested in what you had for
lunch? I don’t 5__________ my friends in photos without asking them first, and I ask
people to 6 __________ stuff about me that I don’t agree with. I don’t 7 __________ any
famous people like some of my friends do, but I do 8 __________ people whose attitudes
and opinions I don’t like.

• Computing: useful collocations

XII. Match a verb with a noun to make phrases to talk about computing, and
then write the full phrases.
1. download ____ a. a firewall 1. _________________________________
2. enter ____ b. images 2. _________________________________
3. install ____ c. the net 3. _________________________________
4. surf ____ d. a password 4. _________________________________
5. burn ____ e. the network 5. _________________________________
6. load ____ f. onto a CD 6. _________________________________
7. log onto ____ g. a button 7. _________________________________
8. click on ____ h. a programme 8. _________________________________

XIII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of a complete phrase
from Exercise XII.
1. It’s safer to __________ if you want to protect your system from viruses.
2. You need broadband to __________ from the Internet.
3. It can take a long time to __________ if your computer is very slow.
4. Tom sometimes __________ songs he’s downloaded __________ .
5. You need to __________ if you want to check your emails.
6. __________ the ‘edit’ __________ if you want to modify a document.
7. When I’ve finished my homework, I often __________ looking for cheap holidays.
XIV. Match the two halves of the sentences.
1. You can’t receive emails ...
2. A laptop works on the battery ...
3. If you put a CD in the CD drive ...
4. Laptops get very dirty ...
5. If you connect your digital camera to your laptop ...
6. You can use a flash drive ...
a. if your laptop has a USB port.
b. if you haven’t got an email account.
c. if you don’t put them away.
d. if the electricity goes off.
e. you can listen to music while you work.
f. you can download your photos.

• Gadgets
XV. Match the technology below to the descriptions. There are two words
you do not need.
games console tablet PC HDTV satellite TV

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 satnav smartphone digital radio
1. You can use it to receive hundreds of channels of your choice.
2. You can use it to listen to lots of stations. It tells you the name of the song that’s
playing.
3. You can use it to send text messages, make calls and surf the Internet.
4. You can use it to help you find the way when you’re driving.
5. It’s a small computer that fits in your bag, but not in your pocket!

XVI. Complete the advertisements with the words / phrases below. There are
two extra words / phrases that you do not need.
HDTV coffee machine camcorder hard disk recorder
satnav notebook satellite TV vacuum cleaner
1. Are you lost again? Get a __________ and you’ll always find the way!
2. Do you remember your last holidays? No? Then you need a __________ . So light and
easy to use; you can record every moment of your holiday fun and watch it all when
you get home!
3. Are you bored with the same old programmes? Do you want to watch the latest
movies at home? Get __________ and watch over 200 channels.
4. Did you miss your favourite TV show last night? Get a __________ and never miss
another minute of the shows you love.
5. Keep your carpets clean and fresh! Buy a new __________ from JM Brown. You’ll be
amazed at the difference.
6. This new __________ is powerful and light enough to carry with you. You can work
anywhere.

XVII. Complete the texts with the words given to each one.
download video chat webcam burn Net
A ‘We’ve had broadband since January, and it’s really changed the way we use our
computer. We’ve bought a 1 __________ , so we can 2 __________ with our friends in
England. I also 3 __________ a lot more music and videos from the 4 __________
because it’s faster now, and I 5 __________ them onto CDs and DVDs.’

get online links laptop wireless route blog

B ‘I use a __________ at home. We’ve got a __________ in the hall,
6 7
so it’s easy to 8
__________ in any room in the house. I’ve got my own website with photos of
myself, my family and my friends. I write a 9 __________ so that my friends know all
my news. My website also includes lots of 10 __________ to my other favourite
websites.’

CD-writer visit flash drive log onto

C ‘We haven’t got a computer at home, but there an Internet cafe near my home. I
go there two or three times a week and 11 __________ my email account. I also surf
the Internet and 12 __________ some of my favourite websites. I occasionally
download music. The computer that I use hasn’t got a 13 __________ , but it’s easy to
copy files onto a 14 __________ .’
XVIII. Match the first part of the sentence about smartphone apps 1-6 with
the endings a-f.
With this new phone app:
1. your phone tells you what song is playing
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2. if you visit a tourist attraction,
3. you can make free calls
4. you can exchange information between two phones,
5. if you can take the phone outside at night,
6. if you point the phone at something in a shop,
a. your phone knows where you are and gives you interesting information about
the place.
b. it tells you where you can buy the same thing at a cheaper price.
c. it tells you the name of the stars in the sky.
d. if you bump the phones gently together.
e. if you hold it in front of a speaker.
f. if the person you are calling has the same app.

• Verb - noun collocations

XIX. Complete the sentences with the words below.
website competition message conversation
test code enter ideas
1. Scientists worked day and night to break the __________ .
2. They had a short __________ in English and seemed to be disagreeing about
something.
3. You can visit the university’s __________ to get more information.
4. We’ve been asked to come up with some new __________ .
5. I asked Phong if he would pass on a __________ for me.
6. You must be over 16 to __________ the competition.
7. He won first prize at the international piano __________ in Warsaw last year.
8. She passed her driving __________ first time.

XX. Put the actions to edit photos and post them on a social networking site
in the correct order 1-9. Number 1 has been done for you as an example.
_____ a. Upload the photos on your camera.
_____ b. Download a photo editing programme.
_____ c. Undo some of the changes to one of the photos.
_____ d. Log out of your computer.
_____ e. Install the programme.
_____ f. Delete some of the photos and edit the others.
1 g. Log into your computer.
_____ h. Post some photos on a social networking site.
_____ i. Click on the icon to open the programme.

5B. Grammar
• Quantifiers
I. Choose the correct words.
1. Most / Most of people enjoy the new technology.
2. Some / Some of the gadgets are very useful.
3. Anna didn’t like any / any of those devices.
4. A few / A few of my friends are going to study IT.
5. They had no / none time to play computer games.
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6. They spent a little / a little of their pocket money on DVDs.
7. She looked through every / every one of the postcards before she bought one.
8. There wasn’t much / much of the work left by the time I came there.

II. Complete the sentences with many, much, a few or a little.

1. ‘How ____________ friends have you made?’
‘Just ____________ . I’ve only been here for a week.’
2. ‘How ____________ time have we got?’
‘Just ____________ . We’ll have to run.’
3. ‘How ____________ sandwiches do you want?’
‘Just ____________ . I’m not very hungry.’
4. ‘How ____________ milk would you like in your coffee?’
‘Just ____________ . I don’t like it very milky.’
5. ‘How ____________ people are coming to the party?’
‘Just ____________ . Everyone’s away that weekend.’
6. ‘How ____________ money have you got?’
‘Just ____________ coins, but it’s enough for an ice cream.’
III. Complete the sentences with few, a few, little or a little.
1. This soup tastes good, but it needs __________ salt.
2. It’s the most difficult maths problems that our teacher has given us, and ________
students can do it.
3. They cancelled the meeting because __________ people came.
4. On Saturday, I went for a meal with __________ friends.
5. He’s very lazy and spends __________ time working.
6. Do you mind if I ask you __________ questions?
7. Ann can afford to buy a new phone because she’s earned __________ money working
in her uncle’s shop.
IV. Choose the correct answers.
1. I could understand only a little / all of the story.
2. I couldn’t eat little / much of the meal.
3. Some / Every of the paintings were by Bui Xuan Phai.
4. Many / Much hours were spent putting the pieces of the machine together.
5. We had any / no time to have a drink after the performance.
6. Most / Any of the film was good.
7. None / Every of the children liked the cake.
8. Every / All page in the book had a picture on it.
9. All / Any of us enjoyed the concert.
10. A few / A little people left before the end of the play.

• must vs have to
V. Complete the sentences with must or have to in the correct form.
1. She __________ leave home at eight every morning now.
2. (Notice in a picture gallery:) Cameras, sticks and umbrellas __________ be left at the
desk.
3. You __________ do all the typing at your office.
4. You __________ read this book. It’s really interesting.
5. Mr. Nam __________ cook his own meals. His wife is away.
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6. I never remember his address. I always __________ look it up.
7. Employer: You __________ come to work on time.
8. Father to his small son: You __________ do what Mum says.
9. Doctor: ‘I can’t come now.’ - Caller: ‘You __________ come; he’s terribly ill.’
10. The shops here don’t deliver. We __________ carry everything home ourselves.
VI. Complete the sentences with must or have to in the correct form. Some
sentences may use either of them.
1. It is later than I thought. I __________ go now.
2. In Viet Nam most children __________ wear uniform when they go to school.
3. When you come to Ho Chi Minh City again, you __________ come and see us.
4. You really __________ work harder if you want to pass the examination.
5. ‘I’m sorry I can’t come today. I __________ work late,’ he said.
6. Tom doesn’t like his new job. Sometimes he __________ work at weekends.
7. Sarah may __________ go away next week.
8. We can’t repair the car ourselves. We __________ take it to a garage.
9. Her eyesight isn’t very good. She __________ wear glasses for reading.
10. Jack __________ get up early tomorrow. He’s going away and his train leaves at
7.30 am.
VII. Ann is still at school. Her brother, Ed, left school last year. Complete the
conversation with have to or don't have to and the verbs in the box.
answer be do find wear (x2)
worry get up write try
Ann You’re so lucky! You __________ early every day and go to school.
1

Ed Yes, I know, but now I 2 __________ a job.

Ann That’s not so bad. At least you 3 __________ homework every night.
Ed Right, but I 4 __________ application letters and make lots of phone calls. It’s
boring!
Ann Not as boring as school! And you 5 __________ a horrible uniform!
Ed Well, no, but I 6 __________ smart clothes when I go to a job interview.
Ann Hmm... But you 7 __________ the teacher’s questions all day.
Ed What about the questions at the interview? I 8 __________ to answer those.
Ann OK, but you 9 __________ about the exams.
Ed Well, I 10 __________ good at my job all week, or my boss dismiss me!

• Modals in the past

VIII. Choose the correct answers.
1. I must / might have left your essay in the library. I’m so sorry.
2. He must / can’t have phoned while we were out. There’s no record of a call.
3. It must / can’t have rained in the night. The road is wet.
4. We must / might have missed the turning. I’m not sure but I think we’ve gone too
far along this road.
5. He must / can’t have got the job. He hasn’t got any experience.
IX. Complete the sentences with must, might or can’t.
1. He __________ have finished the test yet. It’s only 3.00 pm.
2. She __________ have told Tom where she was going. Let’s ask him if she did.
3. She __________ have been shopping. The fridge is full.
4. He __________ have left already. His motorbike is still here.
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5. He __________ have emailed the client this morning, but I’m not sure.
6. They __________ have gone home without telling us. I’ve got their train tickets.
7. I’m not sure where Sue is. She __________ have gone into town.
8. You __________ have seen that film. It hasn’t been released yet.
9. There’s no bread. Somebody __________ have eaten it.
10. I sent Phong a text, but he __________ not have received it.

X. Use the clues to make sentences with must have, might have and can’t
have.
Example: The thief / might / enter / through the back door
The thief might have entered through the back door.
1. He / can’t / have / a key
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. He / might / find / an open window
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. He / must / be / very quick
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. The neighbours / can’t / see / him
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. The family / must / go out
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. He / might / escape / through the garden
_______________________________________________________________________________

XI. Rewrite the sentences using must have, might have or can’t have.
1. Perhaps Nancy went to the doctor’s.
Nancy
2. I’m sure Susan missed the train.
Susan
3. Perhaps Nick fell off his bike.
Nick
4. I’m sure Mike gave out the invitations to his birthday party.
Mike
5. I’m sure Amy didn’t forget about the party.
Ann
6. Perhaps Tom went on holiday.
Tom
7. I’m sure Ann didn’t get lost.
Ann

XII. Rewrite the sentences using must have, could/ might have or can’t have.
1. It’s impossible that you saw a ghost. They don’t exist.
You .
2. It’s possible that they got lost. They haven’t got a map.
They .
3. Oh, no! I forgot my keys. They aren’t in my bag.
I .
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4. It’s impossible that Phong lost his phone. He’s just sent me a text message.
Phong .
5. It’s impossible that Mai went out. She’s got flu.
Mai .
6. It was definitely Nick’s birthday yesterday. He had a big party and a cake.
It .
7. It’s possible that we made a mistake. We’ve never done this before.
We .

XII. Look at the pictures. Use the words to write sentences with must have,
might have or can't have.
1. Peter / break his leg
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. He / fall off his bike
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Linda’s boyfriend / write to her
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. He / ask her to marry him
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Their team / not win
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. They / miss the match
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. His car / break down
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. It / not be a very good car
_______________________________________________________________________________

XIII. Complete the dialogues using must, can't, might or could and the
correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. A ‘Mia looked disappointed after the exam.’
B ‘ She __________ (do) very well.’
2. A ‘I can’t see anyone out there with umbrellas.’
B ‘ It __________ (stop) raining. ’
3. A ‘No one know where Nick is.’
B ‘I saw him waiting at the bus stop earlier. He __________ (go) home.’
4. A ‘My mum never enjoyed my boxing matches.’
B ‘Yes, it __________ (be) easy for her.’
5. A ‘Where’s Susan? She’s very late for practice.’
B ‘You’re right - she’s normally here on time. She __________ (forget) about it.’

XV. Complete the text using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
The famous pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared mysteriously on 2 July 1937, while trying
to become the first woman to fly around the world. During her flight to the tiny
Howland Island in the Pacific Ocean, Earhart and her navigator disappeared. It was
thought that the plane 1 __________ (must / run out of) fuel and crashed into the sea.
However, a search mission found no signs of a plane crash.
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As a result, some people claim that the plane 2 __________ (can’t / crash), and there
have been some imaginative theories to explain the mystery. Some people say she 3
__________ (may / work) as an American spy against the Japanese, who 4 __________
(must / catch and kill) her. Others think she 5__________ (might / return) to the US to
live a secret life as an ordinary housewife. And of course, there will always be people
who believe that she 6 __________ (must / take) by aliens. However, recent discoveries
suggested that Earhart 7 __________ (could / crash) off the island of Nikumaroro, and
8
__________ (may / survive) there for a short time before dying. Locals found bones
which 9__________ (could / be) Earhart’s, and many insist that parts of an American
shoe found there from the 1930s 10__________ (must / belong) to Amelia.
Pronunciation: Contraction of have
Notes:
When have is a modal verb, it is pronounced with the voiceless consonant /f/ instead
of /v/.
/hæf/
- I have to go to work.
/hæf/
- Her students have to work harder.

Use of English
I. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals in brackets to form a
word that fits in each gap.
Famous Me!
I sometimes wish I were a great __________ (INVENT) like Edison or Marconi. My name
1

would go down in history for having 2 __________ (DISCOVER) something totally new.
You can really change people’s lives if you come up with something 3 __________
(REVOLUTION). Perhaps I would also be famous for being extremely 4 __________
(CREATE) with technology. I would be the most famous and respected 5 __________
(SCIENCE) in the world. What a great brain I would have! I wouldn’t just restrict myself
to science, though. What about maths? I would find 6 __________ (SOLVE) to the most
difficult mathematical equations. I would be responsible for new 7 __________
(PRODUCE) that would change the way people work and play. Doing something
important like that would be 8 __________ (BENEFIT) to people all over the whole world,
rich or poor. Everyone would know about my latest technological 9 __________
(DEVELOP) and would thank me for the many great 10 __________ (ACHIEVE) of my life.
That would suit me fine.

II. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, or C) best fits each
gap.
I’m an internet addict. I’m online from the moment I wake up to the moment I go to
bed. I 1 __________ at websites, chat to friends 2 __________ social-networking sites,
download music and play games online. Even when I’m away from my computer, I’m
online on my phone.
But not any more! 3 __________ tomorrow, I’m going on a digital holiday - I’m having a
complete digital detox. I’m going to go without my computer, my MP3 player and my
phone for a month. I think I’ll probably get very bored in the first 4 __________ days and
I 5 __________ about what people are writing on Facebook. On the other 6 __________ , I
know I 7 __________ more time to do things - I could read a book or go out for a walk.

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My friends are worried; they’ve asked me if I 8 __________ what I’m doing. I hope that in
a month’s time I 9 __________ that the Internet is not the most important thing in my
life. I was going to write a blog to record the experience, but as I can’t go online I 10
__________ the old-fashioned way, with pen and paper.
1. A. look B. watch C. play
2. A. in B. on C. at
3. A. From B. Since C. For
4. A. little B. some C. few
5. A. am thinking B. will be thinking C. will have thought
6. A. side B. hand C. thought
7. A. will be having B. will have had C. will have
8. A. know B. knew C. would know
9. A. will be learning B. will learn C. will have learned
10. A. will have written B. have written C. will be writing

5C. Word Skills

• Adjective + preposition
I. Choose the correct prepositions.
1. Sarah isn’t interested in / on / with geography. She prefers maths and science.
2. I didn’t do anything wrong. I’m not ashamed about / in / of my behaviour.
3. We’re so fed up with / in / about the weather in our town. It rains all the time.
4. It’s Mai’s sixteenth birthday next week. I’m really excited on / of / about the party.
5. I’m very proud about / of / in my sister. She won the swimming gold medal.
6. Tom is very keen in /about / on football. He plays every Sunday.
7. My little brother is afraid with / of / about the dark. He always leaves the light on
at night.
II. Complete the questions with correct prepositions. Then work in pairs, and
answer them.
1. What are you afraid __________ ?
2. What do you get excited __________ ?
3. Which school subjects are you keen __________ ?
4. Which sports are you interested __________ ?
5. Which possessions or achievements are you proud __________ ?
6. What do you get anxious __________ ?
7. What things might people feel ashamed __________ ?
8. What do you get fed up __________ ?
III. Match the two parts of the sentences.
1. Nick is really happy
2. I’m surprised
3. They were disappointed
4. Linda was upset
5. Kevin and Mia were bored
6. He’s ashamed
7. David’s parents were worried
8. She’s scared
a. of heights.
b. about their son.
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 c. of his behaviour yesterday.
d. with watching TV, so they went out.
e. at the news he was leaving.
f. about her son’s bad exam results.
g. at you! You’re not usually so rude!
h. with his new mobile phone.
IV. Complete each sentence with the correct preposition.
1. He was curious __________ how she would react.
2. He is responsible __________ recruiting and training new staff.
3. I was really angry __________ what had happened.
4. Mai is very good __________ languages, and she can speak four languages.
5. Were you successful __________ persuading him to change his mind?
6. A lot of young girls are obsessed __________ their weight, and they want to stay slim
all the time.
7. We hope to attract customers who are dissatisfied __________ their present health
insurance.
8. Throughout her career, she remained very sensitive __________ criticism.
9. We are quite pleased __________ our team’s progress.
10. He’s excited __________ his new job.

5D. Reading
I. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Into the Future
A __________
A new exhibition at the Museum of Liverpool opens on 1 July. It looks at current trends
in four different areas and asks where they are heading. It includes videos, interactive
displays and virtual reality exhibits.
B __________
Computers are becoming more and more powerful each year. Will they soon be more
intelligent than people? If the answer is yes, then how will that change our relationship
with computers? Might there be dangers for the human race? This part of the
exhibition explores this question and other related issues.
C __________
What will the kitchen of the future look like? Will domestic robots finally become a
reality? In this part of the exhibition you can find out what day-to-day life may be like
fifty years from now. From a fridge that does your shopping online, to a wardrobe that
tells you what to wear, it seems certain that everything around us will soon be ‘smart’,
not just our phones.
D __________
At the moment, 3D TV and films are a new and exciting development. But will the next
development be? Will TV become genuinely interactive? Or perhaps nobody will watch
TV or films at all. Instead, they will put on a headset and find themselves a new world
of virtual reality. These technologies already exist; come and try them, and get a taste
of the future. The fun has only just started.
E __________
We all know about superheroes from comic books and science fiction films. As science
advances, will some of their ‘superpowers’ be found in ordinary humans? Perhaps - if
we are prepared to let technology and our bodies mix. In this part of the exhibition,

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you can try out a bionic hand and let a mind-reading computer explore your thoughts.
You’ll be amazed.
Task 1. What kind of text is it?
A. A review of a new exhibition
B. A formal letter from a museum
C. A publicity leaflet about an exhibition
D. An article about a new museum
Task 2. Match the headings 1-7 with paragraphs A-E. There are two extra
headings that you do not need.
1. Artificial intelligence
2. The future of entertainment
3. Shopping in the 25th century
4. A multimedia experience
5. Half human, half machine
6. Homes of the future
7. Science fiction films of the future
II. Read the magazine guide. Put each phrase in the correct place. There is
one phrase that you do not need.
A. I like to know where I am
B. I’m terrible at doing mathematical calculations
C. I have on my phone
D. I prefer the simple ones
E. I want to know what other people think
F. I use most while I’m travelling
Essential travel apps
The most useful apps on my phone are travel apps. Here’s a quick guide to the top
five apps you should have on your phone.
It’s essential to know what the weather is going to be like at your destination, so you
have to install a weather app. There are many apps available, but 1 __________ that give
you a detailed forecast for today and a general forecast for the week ahead. 2 _______
so I always check my currency converter app to give me up-to-date exchange rates.
It’s very useful for shopping or for checking how much you are really paying to visit a
monument.
Some people enjoy getting lost on holiday, but 3 __________ . My map app is probably
the app 4__________ . Apart from showing your current location, it can show you how to
get somewhere, or which shops and restaurants are nearby.
And while we’re talking about restaurants, don’t forget to install a review app. 5
__________ before I walk into a restaurant. Many of these apps also provide a
reservation service.
Finally, if your airline has an app, put it on your phone. You can keep your boarding
cards on your phone and keep up-to-date with any changes or delays to your flight.
Enjoy your trip.

III. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

Somebody is watching you
1. The first CCTV cameras appeared in Britain in 1953, and by the 1960s there were
already a few cameras in major streets in London. Today there are more than four
million CCTV cameras across the country. That’s one camera for every fourteen
people. The cameras are there to film dangerous or illegal behaviour. With new
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 software, they can automatically recognise the faces of known criminals, and a
new kind of CCTV in the Netherlands can detect angry voices and automatically
warn the police of trouble. But these cameras don’t just watch criminals; they watch
all of us, almost all of the time. Every time we go into a shop, or use a cashpoint
machine, or travel on public transport a camera records our actions.
2. The amount of surveillance in towns and cities across Britain is increasing. Some
goods in shops now have RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags attached to
them. When you pick up one of these items, the RFID tag sends a radio message to
a CCTV camera and the camera starts filming you. Shops say that this technology
helps to catch shoplifters - but only by treating everybody as a potential criminal.
3. Cameras and tags are not the only ways of monitoring our actions. Every time you
make or receive a call on your mobile phone, the phone company knows the
number of the phone you are calling and how long the call lasts. It is even possible
to work out your exact location. The police often use this information when they’re
investigating serious crimes.
4. And what about satellites? Are they watching us from space? How much can they
see? Anybody with a computer can download Google Earth and get satellite photos
of the entire world. Perhaps governments are using even more powerful satellites to
watch their citizens.
5. Even when you are at home, you are not necessarily safe from surveillance. When
you use your computer to visit websites, you are probably sending and receiving
cookies without realising it. Cookies transfer information from your computer to the
website and, in theory, could record which websites you visit. Or perhaps somebody
secretly installed a keystroke logging programme on your computer. These record
every letter that you type on the keyboard: your passwords, your emails, your
bank account numbers and more. Modem technology is making it easier and easier
to stay in contact, but it is also making it nearly impossible for us to hide.
Task 1. Match the headings A-F with the paragraphs 1-5. There is one
heading you do not need.
A. Eyes in the sky
B. What are CCTV cameras for?
C. Internet surveillance
D. They know who you are calling
E. Watching shoppers
F. Safety on the streets
Task 2. Choose the best answers.
1. Today there are CCTV cameras which ________.
a. know when a crime is in progress
b. identify people who have committed crimes before
c. can speak to people if they are getting angry
d. stop dangerous or illegal behaviour
2. CCTV cameras record the actions of ________.
a. one in fourteen people in the UK b. four million people
c. criminals in the UK d. everybody in the UK
3. CCTV cameras receive a message from RFID tags when ________.
a. a shoplifter comes into the shop
b. a shoplifter steals an item that has got a tag
c. somebody lifts up an item that has got a tag
d. the camera starts filming

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4. When you use a mobile phone, the phone company can work out ________.
a. the name of the person you are speaking to
b. what you are saying
c. how long you have had the phone
d. where you are
5. You get photos of the world from space if you ________.
a. work for a government b. go to a government website
c. work for Google d. have a computer
6. When you surf the Internet, cookies ________.
a. record every letter that you type b. record your passwords and emails
c. keep you safe from surveillance d. exchange information with websites
Task 3. Match the words in bold in the text with the definitions.
1 watching
2 against the law
3 inhabitants of a state or nation
4 transfer from the Internet to your computer
5 computer programmes
6 secret words that allow you enter (a place or a website)
7 people who steal from shops
8 a label that you attach to an item
9 a machine which gives you money when you type in your code
IV. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Making the Internet work for you
A Although the Internet has only been in existence for about 25 years, it is now an
essential part of many people’s lives. In some countries the Internet has spread
almost as fast as the telephone did when it was first introduced. So why has the
Internet become an 1indispensable tool for many students and businesses, and a
source of entertainment for millions of users around the planet?
B The Internet is sometimes referred to as the ‘information superhighway’. It rapidly
transports users to sites around the globe that can help them carry out a task or
research. Students have never had it easier and with the click of a button they can
2
browse the online material of institutions as 3diverse as the Library in
Alexandria, the British Museum in London or the Louvre museum in Paris. Online
encyclopedias and dictionaries, specialized websites and online newspaper
4
archives all contribute to providing an enormous virtual library. It is a vast
educational resource that no conventional library can compete with.
C The Internet has also created new opportunities for businesses, especially in the
5
fields of advertising and sales. It is also very practical for the customer. A
shopping trip in the past often meant a 6time-consuming visit to lots of shops,
searching for what you wanted and at a reasonable price. Not any more. You can
now browse the ‘shelves’ of lots of online shops from the comfort of your own
home in the same time it takes you to visit just one real shop. You can even visit
websites that allow you to compare the prices of the same product at various
online stores. Shopping for books, DVDs, and CDs has never been easier and quick
delivery also means that you rarely have to wait long to receive what you’re
ordered.
D Despite its short history, the Internet has been evolving constantly. With the latest
Internet technology, users can visit social networking sites and access and share
material with high quality sound and images. This has revolutionized home

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 entertainment. Music and films can be bought and quickly downloaded, and many
radio stations and TV channels have also made their programmes available to be
7
streamed at any time. Furthermore, users can download podcasts of everything
from films to university lectures, and watch or listen to them when and where they
want.
E However, although the Internet is continually growing, not everyone thinks it is for
the better. In a book about the Internet, expert Andrew Keen says the dramatic
increase in websites and 8blogs has made it more and more difficult to find quality
material. There is no directory to help us find good sites, so we often have to read
a lot of poor-quality material before we find something useful. It is therefore
essential that we accept the 9recommendations made by teachers and experts
about the sites we should visit. In this way, we can learn to establish our own
10
criteria for deciding what makes a website good or bad and hopefully the
Internet will continue to be an excellent source of useful information and
entertainment.
Task 1. Match the headlines with the paragraphs A-E. You don’t need to use
one of the titles.
1. Choose carefully
2. Watch and listen when you want
3. One man’s invention
4. A world of information
5. A successful invention
6. Shopping around
Task 2. Choose the best answers.
1. Since its introduction, the Internet has __________ .
A. been used more by students than anyone else
B. replaced the telephone in some countries
C. quickly found users around the world
D. just been used for entertainment
2. The educational material that you can find on the Internet __________ .
A. is written by students
B. comes from a wide range of sources
C. comes from Alexandria, London and Paris
D. is superior in quantity to the material found in a library
3. Because of the Internet, online shopping __________ .
A. if often time-consuming
B. is more usually more expensive than normal shopping
C. has not been a success
D. allows you to compare prices
4. Improvements in Internet technology __________ .
A. allows users to watch TV programmes at their convenience
B. have changed the way teachers teach in class
C. have been slow in recent years
D. have not had an effect on TV or radio stations
5. The Internet can help students __________ .
A. catch up on the lectures they might miss
B. study less frequently
C. find websites for their teachers

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 D. find the questions that will be in their exams
6. Andrew Keen thinks that __________ .
A. teachers should write an Internet directory
B. blogs usually provide quality information
C. the Internet is a terrible invention
D. finding good material on the Internet is a difficult task
Task 3. Match the words in bold in the text with these definitions.
A. The standards that you use to make a decision .
B. Statements that something is good and should be tried or used
C. Personal records that somebody puts on their websites saying what they have been
doing

D. Taking or needing a lot of time

E. Delivered over the Internet
F. Very important; impossible to be without
G. To look for and read information on a computer
H. Collections of historical documents
I. Very different from each other
J. Areas of study or knowledge

IV. Read the article, and answer the questions.

Is tech rewiring our brains?
We increasingly rely on social media to talk to friends, GPS to navigate and the web
for information. But reports suggest that modern technology is making us less
intelligent and more antisocial. We struggle to remember our own phone number
when only a few years ago we could recall dozens. Online readers have short attention
spans and many of us panic when separated from our smartphone. So what’s
happening?
The reality is that our brains do change when we use a smartphone or computer - but
they also change when we mow the lawn, play golf or cook dinner. Our experiences
continually shape the way the brain works.
So how are our brains adapting to living in today’s screen-first, always-online,
networked world?
Attention
Phones buzzing with text messages, Facebook notifications and news alerts
continually distract us. Many experts believe that this continuous bombardment has
decreased our ability to focus. A study by Microsoft found that the average human
attention span has dropped from twelve seconds in the year 2000 to just eight
seconds in 2015.
Memory
With phone numbers, routes and facts just a touch away, we’re becoming less
dependent on our memory. German neuroscientist Manfred Spitzer warns that this
‘cognitive offloading’ could lead to a kind of ‘digital dementia’, where people can no
longer remember everyday information because they rely on technology to remember
for them.
Studies on internet and gaming addicts have shown their brain’s grey matter actually
shrinking. Digital offloading may also make memories less vivid. A US study showed
that we are actually less likely to clearly remember things or events which we have
taken photographs of.
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Mood
Scientists have reported strong links between heavy internet use and depression.
Health education expert Dr Aric Sigman says, ‘There’s a relationship between the
amount of time you spend on social media and increased body dissatisfaction.’
Sigman also cites a study in which girls who instant messaged their mothers released
the stress hormone cortisol, rather than the feel-good hormone oxytocin associated
with face-to-face interaction.
Multitasking
Our ‘always-on’ culture has been referred to as ‘informania’ by psychologist Dr Glenn
Wilson. It has been reported that working in a room full of distractions (mobiles ringing
and emails arriving) reduces workers’ IQ by ten points. Research also shows that
multitasking while learning is likely to lead to knowledge which is not as deeply
embedded in our memory.
Sleep
We now spend more time on our devices than we do sleeping. According to a survey,
we engage in media or communication activities for eight hours and forty- one
minutes daily, and sleep for eight hours and twenty-one minutes. Technology keeps us
up for two reasons. First, we are stimulated by the content. Second, the LED screen
uses blue light, which prevents the brain from producing the sleep hormone
melatonin.
1. What examples does the article give of how people rely on technology?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. What effects does it claim that this has on our brains?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. According to the article, why has our attention span decreased?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. How can you explain the term ‘cognitive offloading’? Why might it be a problem?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why might it be a bad idea for girls to text their mothers?
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Can you give two reasons why technology makes us sleep less?
________________________________________________________________________________

V. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

SILVER SURFERS
1 When Sonya Alanis showed her grandmother, Barbara, how to use a few online
tools, she didn’t really think her older relative would be very interested. But two
years later she is amazed at how well her grandmother has adapted to the world
of the internet. Barbara now has her own online profile, does her shopping online
and is in regular contact with her granddaughter using live chat and email. And
she isn’t showing any signs of stopping.
2 ‘I was using my tablet one day,’ explained Sonya, ‘and my grandmother asked me
what I was spending so much time doing. She found it quite annoying I think,
mostly because she didn’t really understand it. So I showed her some of the things
I use - social networking, online chat, that kind of thing. I didn’t really think she
would take to it at all but she absolutely loved it. Now I’m at university and she
messages me every day. I think she is online more than me to be honest.’
3 Barbara has become a silver surfer and she’s not alone. In the last few years, the
world of the internet has grown up. Although people below the age of 50 still make
up the majority of internet users, older people are logging on in larger and larger
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 numbers. And once they’ve started, the internet becomes an everyday part of
their lives.
4 Barbara has some ideas about why this change has happened. ‘Once I learned how
to surf and message people, it changed my life,’ she said. ‘Before the internet I
was quite lonely. My family are wonderful but they live quite far away and they are
all so busy. I don’t drive so I can’t visit them very easily - in fact I usually only go
out when they have time to take me. I use public transport occasionally but I find it
difficult to carry large bags of shopping or to find my way around busy towns. So
using the internet makes my life much easier. I can contact people every day and I
keep in touch with people more easily.’
5 Once older people find that using the internet is so convenient, they often become
vivid users, though in a different way to young people. Silver surfers use email the
most, sending messages to share information and contact family and friends. They
also use the internet to find health information and to book travel tickets or shop
online. As Sonya says, ‘My grandmother is now giving me advice on new apps.
She’s getting better at using the web than me.’
Task 1. Read the text, and answer the questions.
1. Who introduced Barbara to the internet?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why did Barbara dislike it at first?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. What age are most of the people who go online?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Why did Barbara feel lonely before she used the internet?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Which type of online communication do silver surfers use the most?
________________________________________________________________________________
Task 2. Match words or phrases 1-6 from the text with definitions A-G. There
is one extra definition that you do not use.
1. silver surfers (the A. to start doing something new as a habit
_____
title)
2. to adapt (par. 1) _____ B. the larger number or part of something
3. to take to it (par. 2) _____ C. completely
4. absolutely (par. 2) D. older people, typically over 50, who use the
_____
internet
5. the majority (par. 3) _____ E. very keen or interested
6. avid (par. 5) F. older people, with 50 years of marriage, who
_____
use the internet
G. to change something to fit a different situation
VII. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Internet trolls
An Internet troll is someone who posts insulting or provocative comments in an online
chat room, social-networking site or blog. Their aim is not to contribute to the
discussion, but to upset people or make them angry.
Sometimes the comments are fairly harmless. For example, a troll might visit a
website that is dedicated to combatting global warming and post a comment like
‘Global warming is a myth made up by second-rate scientists who just want to further
their own careers.’ 1 __________ This is exactly what the troll wants: to start a fight.

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However, many trolls are far more dangerous and post comments that are deeply
hurtful, and often of a sexist or racist nature. 2 __________ In 2011,45-year-old Nicola
Brookes left a message of support for a reality TV contestant on Facebook. The
contestant had received hate mail on Facebook and, feeling sympathy for the young
man, Ms Brookes left a message on his Facebook page, saying simply: ‘Keep your chin
up, Frankie, they’ll move on to someone else soon.’ They did move on to someone
else - Ms Brookes - within minutes. 3 __________
Racist trolling probably has the highest profile cases. When Premier League footballer
Fabrice Muamba collapsed on the pitch during a match in 2012, racist messages
appeared on Twitter taking pleasure in his misfortune and laughing at him. 4 __________
Thankfully, Muamba made a complete recovery. The effects of such attacks can be
devastating, especially for people who are being targeted precisely because they
admitted to a vulnerability in the first place. There have even been one or two well-
publicised incidences of people taking their own lives after being targeted by trolls on
social-networking sites.
So why do trolls post messages that cause such distress? Some of them are sad,
lonely people with their own problems who enjoy the attention their posts attract.
They behave badly online because they feel liberated from normal standards of polite
and considerate behaviour. 5 __________ They say things that they would never dare to
say in person. Finally, trolls believe that they can remain anonymous and that no one
will ever discover who they are.
That is about to change, however. When Nicola Brookes first approached the police
and made a complaint, they told her there was nothing they could do. 6 __________ So
she contacted lawyers and began legal action to force Facebook to disclose the
identities of the trolls who had been tormenting her. She won the case and is free to
pursue private prosecutions against those responsible for abusing her. With trolls
facing exposure and possible prosecution in future, hopefully they will think twice
before posting abusive messages.
Task 1. Match the gaps in the text 1-6 with six of the sentences A-H below.
There are two sentences that you do not need.
A. Some even threaten physical violence.
B. But will the website operators reveal the names of the trolls?
C. They are in a virtual world and do not have to face their victims.
D. Facebook too were unhelpful.
E. One troll was jailed for 56 days after tweeting such a message.
F. Some visitors to the website might think that the opinion is genuine and start
arguing.
G. Despise this, campaigners warn that online bullying is becoming increasingly
common.
H. More than 100 cruel messages were left in just 24 hours, and a fake Facebook
page was set up in her name.
Task 2. Read the text again and answer the questions.
1. What do Internet trolls try to do when they join online discussions?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why did Nicola Brookes feel sympathy for the reality TV star?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the most devastating consequence of a troll attack mentioned in the text?
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Why do trolls feel free to say unpleasant things online?
_________________________________________________________________________________
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5. What has Facebook been made to do?
_________________________________________________________________________________

VIII. Read the article about the influence of technology on students’

learning. For each gap 1-7, choose the sentence A-J that fits best. There are
three sentences that you do not need.
A. Technology allows students to study at their own pace and encourages them to
take the initiative and learn independently.
B. We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view
they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools.
C. A significant one, it seems, according to experts.
D. And I truly believe that eventually they will influence all types of study, both in
school, and beyond the classroom.
E. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more
effective as students can manipulate information on the computer.
F. There are, of course, hurdles like costs to overcome, but it’s just a matter of
time and effort.
G. It’s hard not to wonder why, being aware of that.
H. Computers are only as good as the teachers who are teaching with them.
I. Students who currently don’t have access to schools or teachers are now able to
get online.
J. Students can communicate their ideas to their teacher using a variety of media.
e-learning: Hazy past - better future?
How much of an effect does technology have on students’ learning? 1 __________ For
the last fifteen years, there have been countless studies made of the impact of
technology on helping students to learn. Currently available technologies, the most
important of which are computers and the Internet, apparently provide a learning
environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. 2
__________ Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I’m afraid.
Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment.
3
__________ This is because schools have done what every organisation does when it
sees an innovation - it crams the innovation into its existing model, which adds cost
but doesn’t transform the standard classroom.
4
__________ Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes
the subject matter interesting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is used.
Furthermore, it is perhaps an obvious point, but every person learns differently. We
have different styles depending on the subject.
5
__________ This would be perfectly possible with computers. Except that,
unfortunately, individual learning plans are still prohibitively costly as compared to a
generalised class plan.
However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the
norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent
learning. 6 __________ They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning
programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to
be self-sufficient. There will be a wealth of materials, tests, exams, courses and
degrees, produced to a high and globally-acceptable standard. 7 __________ This would
prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is
limited or extremely expensive. Therefore, in a few years’ time we could reconvene
and have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on
learning.
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IX. Read the review of the three video games and do the tasks that follow.
A ROCKET RACE
Rocket Race is the latest game from the highly successful SpeedCo game producer.
They have produced every racing game imaginable, from racing cars to horses - but
this is the first time they have left planet Earth!
As you can probably guess, it’s all about racing rockets - and it’s great fun. You have
full control over the design of your vehicle, which you then construct and race against
a team of other pilots. There is a choice of over twenty different race routes that take
you round spectacular planets, asteroids and other parts of the universe. The graphics
are truly superb.
The only criticism I have of the game is the music. I don’t know who decided a rock
soundtrack was a good idea, but it’s not what I would choose. I think it sounds
dreadful.
But overall, it’s a really good game - especially for children as it’s quite easy - and I’d
certainly recommend it to anyone who enjoys racing games and outer space.
B BATTLE FIRE GALAXY
You might think that the games market doesn’t need another fantasy role-playing
game, but Middle Earth Games have other ideas. This game sends you to find the
magic Ring of Argor. You’ll have endless adventures on the way, avoiding traps,
picking up friends and weapons, and, of course, battling monsters.
There are ten levels to compete and as you go through them, you become more and
more powerful. This is good, because the levels get more and more difficult to finish.
It’s challenging, but that’s what you’d expect from this producer of intelligent games.
I do think that the graphics could be improved, though. They looked a bit old-
fashioned to me, which made the game less enjoyable. The accompanying music
wasn’t so great, either.
This is really a game for fans of fantasy role plays. To an experienced gamer, it
doesn’t really offer anything new. It’s OK as far as it goes, but it doesn't go very far.
C NATION BUILDER
Have you ever wanted to be the ruler of your own country? With Nation Builder, the
latest release from AceGamesUK, you can. But watch out - it’s not as easy as it looks!
You start with nothing - just a field in the middle of nowhere - and build from there.
Gathering building materials is your first job, as you have to make a house of some
kind before night, when your enemies come out. If you can’t protect yourself from
them, you have to start again. The longer you survive, the more people come to live
with you and cooperate with you in the war against your enemies. Eventually, you
have your own nation.
I can’t think of anything bad to say about this game. It’s packed with great features:
the graphics are good, the way you build your nation is really clever, and the
possibilities are only limited by your own imagination. Not only is it great fun, but you
learn a lot about the day-to-day running of a country.
Seriously, I can’t recommend this game highly enough. Buy it.
Task 1. Tick ( ) the correct video game A, B or C for each question.
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
Which game ... A B C
1. gets the best review? ______ ______ ______
2. gets the worst review? ______ ______ ______
3. does not have good music? ______ ______ ______
4. has the best graphics? ______ ______ ______
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5. has the worst graphics? ______ ______ ______
6. is educational? ______ ______ ______
7. involves fighting? ______ ______ ______
8. is surprisingly difficult? ______ ______ ______
9. is the least difficult? ______ ______ ______
10. has no original ideas? ______ ______ ______
Task 2. Match the words in bold in the texts to the definitions.
1. __________ objects used in fighting or war, such as guns, swords, etc.
2. __________ continue to live
3. __________ a game, book or musical recording that is made available to buy
4. __________ the music used in a film, TV programme or video game
5. __________ when you say that something or someone is bad
X. Read the text. Match the sentences A-F with the spaces 1-5. There is one
sentence you do not need.
A. So what exactly is an RFID tag?
B. In the future, consumers will be able to pay for their purchases without taking them
out of the trolley.
C. At all times the management knows how many products are on the shelf and when
to order more.
D. You mean you hadn’t noticed?
E. As with all new technology, RFID has two sides.
F. Imagine how much easier it will be to trace a lost suitcase or to find the family cat if
it has an RFID tag.
The RFID Revolution
The RFID revolution has started and our lives are changing forever! 1 __________ Well,
for your information, Radio Frequency Identification has been with us since the Second
World War, when it was used to identify planes from a distance. Now the United States
Army uses it to control its tanks in Iraq.
But RFID isn’t only limited to military use. The retail giant Wal-Mart uses it to track
goods from the minute they enter the warehouse to the time the customer takes them
home and consumes them. 2__________
And it’s not only the retailer who can benefit from RFID technology. 3 __________ And
we will be able to find out all we need to know about a product from the RFID tag on it.
We will also be able to do our weekly shopping without actually having to enter a
supermarket.
4
__________ It’s an electronic label formed by a small antenna and a chip the size of a
grain of sand. The great advantage of RFID technology is that the tags can be read
from a distance and do not have to be in the visual field of a laser reader. Other uses
of this revolutionary idea run from pet identification to luggage labelling in airports. 5
__________ But the personal information on the tag poses a threat to security, and
there is a growing group of opponents to RFID. Whatever happens, you can be sure
that RFID is here to stay.
Once it is fully implemented, our lives will never be the same again.
XL Read the article about the best travel websites and apps and do the
tasks that follow.
Travel Apps
Home + Away
Home + Away is an app that allows people to rent places to stay: individual rooms and
whole homes in 190 countries. It matches guests with hosts, confirms travel dates
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and organizes payment. In addition, it gives you the opportunity to read guests’
reviews about their experience. It’s great for people who look for a more personal
alternative to hotels.
TravelZoom
TravelZoom stands out because of its cool design and social feel. You can read and
write reviews of hotels and restaurants you’ve visited. You can also check on your
friends’ experiences, find recommendations for places you plan to visit and give
advice on any travel topic, such as the best burger in San Francisco.
Jump the Queue
If you don’t like queuing for a restaurant while on holiday, this is your website. With
more than 40,000 restaurants to choose from, it’s the biggest and best app of its kind.
It lets you search for places to eat by district, cuisine and customer ratings before
booking your table for free, meaning there’s no need to wait for a table to become
available.
Journey Happy
Do you want to find out how to travel in comfort as well as style? Journey Happy will
help you choose a flight based on whether there’s good leg room, bigger seats, new
planes, faster wi-fi, friendlier cabin crew, fewer passengers and a lot more.
4caster
This free app is perfect for travellers who like to check what the weather will be like. It
lets you see what the weather conditions are like in destinations that aren’t very well
known, like tiny Greek islands or villages in northern Thailand. The forecast gives you
the weather in the next hour or for the entire month ahead - so it’s good for planning
what clothes you need to take with you.
Travelator
If you’re going to a country that speaks one of the languages on Travelator, you can
learn some useful phrases on this fun language-learning app. The only down side is
the price - at $10, it’s the most expensive app in our list.
Go-Go City
Go-Go City connects you with professional taxi drivers in 170 cities around the world
directly from your smartphone. You can pay by card or cash, and there’s no need to
queue or wait for a taxi to pass by because the taxi comes to you in under 15 minutes,
wherever you are.
City Router
This new app is a free route planner that covers cities in Europe and North America.
It’s perfect for checking driving times and distances, and it includes other useful tools
like weather forecasts and maps that you can download to your phone.
Task 1. Read the descriptions of the apps. Decide which app would be the
most suitable for each teenager.
1. Angela doesn’t like driving when she goes on holiday. She likes to know that she
can rely on a good service to collect her from the airport and take her to her hotel.
She doesn’t want to waste time queuing or waiting to be picked up.
2. Steve loves food and eats out as often as he can when he visits a city. He wants to
know the best places to eat and how much they will cost. He also wants to be able to
make a reservation.
3. Tom likes knowing which places people he knows are visiting when they travel. He
also loves knowing the best places to visit at each destination - especially new cafes
and restaurants. He also wants to be able to tell other people which places he thinks
they should visit.

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4. Sam likes to visit unusual places when he goes on holiday. Before he goes away, he
wants to know exactly what he needs to pack. He doesn’t like to have to pay to
download apps.
5. Becky is a very sociable person and enjoys talking to the local people in the
countries she visits. She wants to know how to order food and ask how to get to
different places. She doesn’t mind paying for apps.
Task 2. Match the words in bold in the text to their meanings.
1. __________ direction to a destination
2. __________ something that says what will happen in the future
3. __________ people who have guests
4. __________ is much better than other similar things or people

5E. Speaking
• Everyday English
I. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: What do you use your laptop mostly for? B: a/ I’ve used it for my study.
b/ I’ve used it in my free time.
2. A: I’m going to download that app. B: a/ You’ve set up your laptop.
b/ Is it safe and secure?
3. A: Why didn’t you open that email? B: a/ Because it took a lot of time to
open that email.
b/ Because it was sent from a
stranger.
4. A: How can I protect my computer from B: a/ You mustn’t surf on the
viruses? internet any more.
b/ You must install an antivirus
software now.
5. A: How can we inform our friends about the B: a/ You should set up an event or
coming party? a social networking site.
b/ You should create an account on
a social networking site.
6. A: How can I download songs? B: a/ You can use iTunes or any
other music app.
b/ You can buy something online
easily.
7. A: Do you think Al will affect every aspect B: a/ Yes, in a positive way. I hope
of our future life? b/ Yes. It can make the computer
become cheaper.
8. A: They’ve just had an outdoor geography B: a/ We can’t learn much outside
class. the classroom!
b/ We can have outdoor activities
with other subjects.
9. A: Do you think a fieldtrip helps us be B: a/ Definitely. I love it.
closer to nature? b/ Sure. We just relax.
10. A: How can you go in the correct B: a/ I use the satnav.
directions when travelling? b/ I use a Bluetooth headset.

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• Photo comparison
II. Complete the monologue with the phrases below. There is one extra
phrase that you do not need to use.
A. doing something with your hands
B. I’m a creative person
C. better to learn doing things with your hands
D. children in an art class lesson
E. they look to me as if
F. Personally, I think
G. showing different kinds of ways to learn
H. writing down information from the board
As far as I can tell, both pictures are 1 ________________________. The picture on the left
shows 2________________________. They seem to be very involved in what they are
doing. In the right picture, they are in a classroom and 3 ________________________. One
point worth mentioning is that in this picture they don’t look as though they are
enjoying it very much. I suppose it’s not quite as interesting as 4
________________________. On the other hand, if the teacher is good it doesn’t make
much of a difference. 5 ________________________ both types of learning are valuable.
Although it’s 6 ________________________ such as in an art lesson, at other times you
need to use your mind more. If you were to ask me which I prefer, I’d have to say the
art lesson because 7________________________, sometimes I think traditional learning is
important too.
III. Complete the dialogue comparing the two photos below. Use the prompts
given in the correct form.

• The common theme: science

• In a classroom:
- using interactive smart boards
- students have the laptops connected to the internet like the smart board
- teachers and kids like smart boards because they’re easy to use
- touch-screen smart boards: a collaborative whiteboard, wireless screen sharing,
and an interactive display
- use modern technology and students can benefit from that
• In an outdoor class:
- a biology lesson - tubes, plant samples, chemicals and a microscope
- have lessons under the supervision of a teacher
- offer more fun and more active participation
- activities - encourage independence; the lessons: more likely to understand and
remember
A Look at the two pictures. Can you see the similarities and differences?
B The common theme for both of them is science. Right? In the picture on the left,
the teacher and students are 1
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A The students have 2
Teachers and kids like smart boards because 3 .
B Touch-screen smart boards bring teachers interactive features like
4

A In the picture on the right, students have lessons in a greenhouse. Maybe they
have a biology lesson because I can see that 5
B The students have lessons under the supervision of a teacher. I think outdoor
science lessons
6

Activities can 7
A But for lessons in a classroom, we can 8
B So I think we should have a combination of the two types of lessons.

IV. Complete the dialogue with the words below. Then practise it with a
partner.
hand were browsing switched streamed
looking missed cram been time-consuming
Phong Hi, Nick, what are you ____________ at?
1

Nick A few long articles for school. It takes ages to find useful information. It’s
really 2____________ and boring.
Phong You haven’t 3 ____________ on the computer to study, have you? It’s Friday
evening.
Nick Well, I was ill last week and I 4 __________ a few lessons. I’ve got an essay to 5
__________ in next week.
Phong Don’t worry. You can borrow my notes. We’ve 6 __________ studying hard all
week; I think we need to look at something more entertaining.
Nick You’re right. I’ve been 7 __________ these websites since lunchtime. What do
you want to look at?
Phong Well, Manchester City and Liverpool played last night. Let’s look at the goals.
It was a 2-all draw.
Nick It was a great game. I was listening to it on the radio while I was studying.
Phong It was live on the radio?
Nick Yes, the game was 8 __________ on the Internet.
Phong What? You didn’t tell me.
Nick I thought you 9 __________ busy.
Phong I was, but I can 10 __________ four hours study into two hours to make space for
a football match.

5F. Writing
• An internet forum post
I. Arrange the paragraphs (A-E) of the essay about the topic ‘How To Use
Students’ Smartphones for Learning’ in the correct order (1-5) according to
the outline below.
Paragraph 1: introduction
Paragraph 2: the apps for study
Paragraph 3: better communication
Paragraph 4: bonus of the apps
Paragraph 5: conclusion
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 How To Use Students’ Smartphones for Learning
_____ A In short, smartphones have become a crucial tool for communication and
learning in the twenty-first century.
_____ B Groups of students can use Facebook or Zalo for communication. They also
allow teachers to gather feedback from students about their learning. These
tools are so useful for shy students to respond to in- class questions or
participate in brainstorming lessons.
_____ C Smartphones help students understand lessons better, offer endless
possibilities for students’ participation in lessons, and extension of learning
beyond the lessons.
_____ D Students can use dictionary apps and websites on the phones effectively, and
they can make spectacular improvements. They can check the meanings of
the words, their usage, synonyms or antonyms.
_____ E Many mobile apps can offer interesting settings for learning, and make
learning instantly accessible. The apps also offer games to students to
practise skills and have a lot of fun.
II. Write an essay about the topic ‘How Social Media Helps Students Study’.
Use the prompts below in the correct form.
Paragraph 1: introduction
- learn best / when / interact with people / so / we / use social media in studying
- social media / help / many ways / if / use it wisely
Paragraph 2: effective means of communication
- when we / projects / social media / allow / us / make communication more efficient
- we / build a community / where / everyone / contribute / their piece of knowledge
Paragraph 3: means of sharing
- social media / a good means / sharing
- you / share / links to resources / experiences / even your problems
Paragraph 4: broader range of knowledge
- you / use social media / find additional content / that / reinforce what you have
learned in class
- you also / get / opinions, ideas and assistance / YouTube videos or other social
media channels
Paragraph 5: conclusion
- also some drawbacks / using social media
- be responsible students / we / take full advantage / the resources / the media offer
us
- using social media well / and / having meaningful connections / help / us / get
through our education successfully
How Social Media Helps Students Study
Many people think that we learn best when
When we have projects,
Social media is
You can use social media

To conclude, there are also some drawbacks

REVIEW Unit 5
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Vocabulary
I. Choose the word that cannot be used with the verbs.
1. attach
A. a document B. a file C. a folder D. a session
2. click on
A. a button B. a computer C. an image D. a link
3. delete
A. an account B. a button C. a comment D. an email
4. download
A. a film B. a game C. an image D. a router
5. install
A. a comment B. a firewall C. a programme D. software
6. log into
A. an account B. a mistake C. a router D. a website
7. log out of
A. a computer B. a game C. a message D. a session
8. post
A. a comment B. a message C. a programme D. a photo
9. share
A. an article B. a firewall C. a photo D. a video
10. update
A. an app B. your profile C. a mistake D. your status
11. upload
A. an account B. a picture C. a song D. a video
12. undo
A. an action B. a change C. a post D. a picture
II. Complete the text with the verbs in Exercise I.
The first thing I do every morning is turn on my computer and check my emails. I 1
__________ the ones that I don’t need to keep and reply to those that need dealing
with. When people ask me for documents, I open a window, 2 __________ the file and 3
__________ the document to an email. When I’ve dealt with my emails, I 4 __________ my
favourite social networking website to see what my friends are up to. I 5 __________ my
status and then I look at my wall. I often 6 __________ comments on my friends’ walls
but I sometimes spell something wrong. When that happens, I 7 __________ the post
and start again. Whenever I take photos, I 8 __________ them onto my profile and 9
__________ them with my friends. I’m quite security-conscious about using the internet,
so I always 10 __________ the site before I start work. I 11 __________ quite a lot of games
and videos, so last year, I decided to 12__________ a better firewall on my computer.
III. Choose the correct words.
1. I’ve created / deactivated an album so that you can see my holiday photos.
2. You need to enter your password so you can log on / post to your email account.
3. My uncle logged / posted a message on my Facebook page. He passed his driving
test.
4. Linda is always online. She updates / creates her blog every day.
5. MSN is so annoying. I’ve just deactivated / created my profile.
6. Can you help me to update / upload this video on Myspace?
7. Oh, no! I’ve just installed / deleted all my work.
8. Mia spends a lot of time sharing / downloading her photos on Instagram.
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9. My sister is doing a search / password for information about the planets for her
homework.
10. When you’ve finished your video, install / upload it to the website.
11. Don’t open that email! There’s a link / virus in it - it’ll destroy everything.
12. I’ve just bought a file / an app that tells me when to go to bed!
IV. Read the situations and write the type of website or web page the
speakers need.
1. ‘I want to write my day-to-day thoughts and publish them on the internet.’
2. ‘I need my own website that tells people who I am and what I do.’
3. ‘I just need to find some information very quickly.’
4. ‘I’m looking for love.’
5. ‘I want to put my photos on the net so my friends and family can see them.’
6. ‘I need some information about a big company that I might work for.’
7. ‘I want to find out what’s going on in the world.’
8. ‘I want to make new friends and find out what my old friends are doing.’
9. ‘I want to find out the best places to go for a holiday.’
10. ‘I’d like to read short reviews of films, restaurants, etc., to see which are the best.’
11. ‘I’d like to see this film clip that my friend uploaded onto the net.’
12. ‘I want to write an online encyclopedia that everyone can contribute to.’
__________ a. wiki
__________ b. photo sharing site
__________ c. ratings site
__________ d. video sharing site
__________ e. social networking site
__________ f. search engine
__________ g. blog
__________ h. travel site
__________ i. news site
__________ j. personal homepage
__________ k. dating site
__________ l. corporate website
V. Complete the sentences with the words below. There is one word that you
do not need.
deactivate upload create log on update post
1. I took lots of photo at the theme park. I’ll __________ them to my blog tonight.
2. I’m going to __________ an advert for my bike on an online auction and hope lots of
people make bids.
3. Quick! __________ to your email. I sent you a really funny message.
4. It’s really easy to __________ a new email address.
5. I’m going to __________ my blog because I don’t have time to write anything any
more.
VI. Complete the text with the words below.
scan click edit plug download
scroll zoom in enter upload log on
Adding photos to your profile is easy. Open the website and 1 __________ your
username and password to 2 __________ to your account.3 __________ down the Media
menu and 4 __________ on Photos. You can 5 __________ any photo to your profile as long

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as it is saved on your computer. To transfer photos from your camera, just 6 __________
it in via the USB port. To share printed photos, you will need to 7 __________ them in
and save them on your computer first. Before you add a photo to your profile, you
may want to 8 __________ it and save the changes. You can cut out unwanted parts, or
9
__________ on an important detail. If you want to control who can view or 10 __________
your photos, check your privacy settings.
VII. Complete the sentences with the below.
mobile digital DVD satellite games
1. The problem with __________ TV is that it’s difficult to choose what to watch.
2. My __________ camera takes great pictures.
3. I can get on the Internet with my new __________ phone.
4. My parents bought me a __________ console and now I’m very popular with my
friends!
5. Our __________ recorder is very useful. Soon everyone will have one.
VIII. Complete the sentences with the below.
blog download log emails broadband
When I get home from school, I immediately 1
__________ onto my computer and
answer my 2__________ . We’ve got 3 __________ so it’s really fast. Then I write my 4
__________ for the day and I might 5 __________ some music too.
IX. Match the technology below to the descriptions. There are two words you
do not need.
games console HDTV satellite TV tablet PC
satnav smartphone camcorder
1. It gives you a very clear picture. It’s great for watching films.
2. It’s light and easy to use. You can take it on holiday and film what you see.
3. You can use it to access the Internet, makes phone calls and take pictures.
4. It can help you with directions when you’re driving.
5. It has great graphics and when you’re playing, you feel like you’re in a film.
X. Complete the text with the words below.
software attach backups install
protect update files delete
Just like medical viruses, there are lots of computer viruses. If a virus gets into
your computer, it can 1 __________ your 2 __________ and programmes. How can you 3
__________ your computer against viruses? Well, people who make viruses usually 4
__________ them to an email and send it to lots of computers, so don’t open emails
from unknown people. You should also buy and 5 __________ antivirus 6 __________ on
your computer. And 7 __________ your computer programmes regularly so you can stop
the newest viruses. You should also make 8 __________ and copy all your documents so
you don’t lose them if you do get a virus. Look after your computer and you should be
safe.
XI. Choose the correct alternative.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to complain about my broadband internet connection. I am not
satisfied with it because it is always 1misfunctioning / malfunctioning.
The connection has not worked properly since it was set 2in / up. It is difficult for me
to 3get / obtain online in the first place and when I do, the connection is frequently
interrupted. You can imagine how difficult this makes things for me. As a student, I
need to 4access / treat information quickly and reliably. The fact that I cannot do so
is not a fault of the search 5motor / engine that I’m using.

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However, it is not only the connection that concerns me. Yesterday, I received a bill
from you for the wrong amount. I signed up with your internet service during a special
offer, which I was told would be valid for the whole of this year. I 6did / made a lot of
research into prices and services before I contacted you, so I am hoping your sales
staff 7gave / provided me with the right information.
I am expecting you to solve the problems I have within the next week or I will
terminate my contract with you. I have tried to 8reason / regenerate with your
customer services department by phone, without any success, and have spent a great
deal of time, effort, and money doing so. I am hoping that, as a gesture of goodwill,
you will 9flock / reduce my next bill and I also expect you to 10avoid / prevent
similar mistakes with my bill in the future.
Yours faithfully,
Mai Nguyen

Grammar
XII. Choose the best answers.
1. Only __________ people have been into space.
A. a little B. some C. a few
2. __________ child was given a present.
A. All B. Each C. Some
3. There were __________ tickets left for the show.
A. no B. none C. any
4. I drank __________ water - I wasn’t very thirsty.
A. any B. a little C. a few
5. The cakes were lovely. I ate __________ of them, and I’m full now.
A. all B. every C. none
6. Did you get __________ work done while I was out?
A. many B. a few C. much
XIII. Complete the sentences with the determiners below.
all few any each some much
most
1. The orchestra played __________ wonderful music.
2. I try to go for a run __________ day.
3. I don’t eat __________ junk food.
4. I don’t watch much TV. __________ programmes are worth watching.
5. I’ve read __________ of Nguyen Nhat Anh’s books, but I haven’t finished the last one
yet.
6. There weren’t __________ paintings by that famous artist in the exhibition.
7. He doesn’t like Lady Gaga any more, so he gave me __________ of his DVDs.
XIV. Choose the correct completion according to the meaning.
1. Soldiers __________ obey a superior officer.
A. must B. have to C. must not
2. To stay alive, people __________ breathe oxygen.
A. must / have to B. must not C. don’t have to
3. You __________ finish your work on this project before you go on holiday. You’ll
probably lose our job if you don’t.
A. must / have to B. must not C. don’t have to
4. If you have an aquarium, you __________ give your fish too much food or they’ll die.
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 A. must / have to B. must not C. don’t have to
5. To be a successful mountain climber, you __________ have a great deal of stamina.
A. must / have to B. must not C. don’t have to
6. Thanks goodness - we __________ eat fish again tonight. Dad didn’t catch any today.
A. must / have to B. must not C. don’t have to
7. ‘Tell her that she __________ be here by six. I insist on it.’
A. must B. has to C. don’t have to
8. My room is a mess, but I __________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the
morning.
A. must / have to B. must not C. don’t have to
9. Whenever the dog wants to go out, he __________ get up and open the door.
A. must B. has to C. doesn’t have to
10. Mother to daughter: ‘You __________ come in earlier at night.’
A. must B. have to C. must not
XV. Rewrite the sentences using must have, might have or can’t have.
1. I’m sure Kate didn’t forget about the party.
Kate .
2. Perhaps Linda missed the last bus.
Linda .
3. I’m sure Amy knew it was my birthday.
Amy .
4. I’m sure Jack went to the dentist’s.
Jack .
5. Perhaps my dad’s car broke down.
My dad’s car .
6. I’m sure Paul didn’t get the invitation.
Paul .
XVI. Read the news report, and then complete the sentences with the
correct verb form of the verbs in brackets.
Yacht Found Deserted
A large, luxury yacht has been found deserted off the coast of Monaco. There were no
signs of an accident or a fight. According to the records, the yacht left port with twelve
people on board: the owners - the Russian billionaire and his wife - and ten crew
members. The personal possessions of the twelve missing people were still on the
yacht.
Phong Have you seen this story about a deserted boat?
Nick Yes. It’s weird. What do you think happened?
Phong They 1 __________ (be attacked) by pirates. I guess.
Nick I doubt it. There aren’t any pirates in the Mediterranean.
Phong Hmm. Or they 2 __________ (go) swimming and been killed by sharks.
Nick That isn’t very likely. They 3 __________ (all go) swimming at the same time.
Phong I see what you mean. That would be crazy!
Nick The crew 4 __________ (kill) the owners, stolen their money and escaped.
Phong Yes, that’s quite likely. But where are the bodies?
Nick They 5 __________ (throw) the bodies into the sea.
Phong Hmm. Yes, I think you’re right.

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Word Skills
XVII. Complete the sentences with the words below.
anxious ashamed excited keen proud
1. Amy is __________ of making her little sister cry.
2. Mark’s __________ on football. He’s in the school team.
3. Are you __________ about the history exam tomorrow?
4. They’re __________ of their son. He’s at Oxford University.
5. Do you get __________ about going to rock concerts?
XVIII. Choose the correct answers in the sentences.
1. My brother is quite nervous with / about his first day at work.
2. He’s ashamed of / with his terrible behaviour yesterday.
3. Phong’s parents were worried about / at their son.
4. She’s scared of / with heights.
5. We’re all proud at / of our sister’s achievement.
6. David is really happy with / at his new mobile phone.
7. I’m surprised of / at you. You’re not usually so rude!
8. They were tired of / about travelling to work every day.
9. Kevin and John were bored with / at watching TV, so they went out.
10. Linda was upset about / of her bad exam results.
XIX. Complete the sentences with the adjectives below.
responsible dissatisfied sensitive curious
pleased obsessed good successful
1. My teeth are really __________ to hot and cold.
2. ‘How’s your new laptop?’ - ‘It’s great - I’m really __________ with it.’
3. My sister is clever and __________ at making things.
4. Would she have been __________ in business if she hadn’t graduated from that
famous university in the USA?
5. If you are __________ with this product, please return it.
6. The other driver was __________ for the accident, and he should pay for the damage.
7. Why are people so __________ with money? There are many things that are more
important than that.
8. People have always been __________ about exactly how life on the Earth began.

Use of English
XX. Complete the text with the missing words 1-10. Use one word only in
each gap.
A friend for life
When my grandmother said she was going to buy a laptop for herself as a Christmas
present, we all thought 1 __________ she was mad. Little did we know that she already
had in mind the exact laptop she wanted, so we were extremely surprised 2 __________
we took her to the computer store. She walked straight up to the information desk,
and she 3 __________ the sales assistant exactly 4 __________ she wanted. When we took
her home, she asked us 5 __________ we would help her set up her new laptop, 6
__________ , of course, we did. Since then we have realised 7 __________ wonderful the
Internet is, and how it can change the life of old people completely. When my
grandmother goes 8 __________ the Internet, she does so to find answers 9 __________
the clues in her crossword. And then she uses email to get in touch with 10 __________
the members of the family she can’t visit because of her age. For my grandmother,
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her computer is her friend, and I only hope she’ll keep using it for many years to
come.
XXI. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals in brackets to form
a word that fits in each gap.
One of the things that can be very 1 __________ (TIRE) when using the Internet is
people’s bad 2__________ (BEHAVE). Because people are often anonymous on the
Internet and don’t use their real name, they can be very rude and 3 __________
(KIND) in a way that they never would be if they were face to face with a person in
real life. But if you want to know how to deal with these issues and avoid conflict,
there are some 4 __________ (GUIDE) available on the Net. Following ‘Netiquette’ rules,
as they are called, can help make 5 __________ (IMPROVE) to how everyone uses the
Net. The best way to keep net 6 __________ (RELATION) friendly is to be polite. Don’t
use Caps Locks. It’s the same as shouting. Don’t insult people. Don’t deliberately try
to start arguments. People who do this are called trolls and they can be very 7
__________ (CREATE) in the way they get everyone arguing on the Net. The only way to
get rid of a troll is to ignore them. Trolls don’t like 8 __________ (ISOLATE) as one of
their characteristics is that they want to have the 9 __________ (FREE) to annoy
everyone. Don’t let them. The best way to make using the Net an enjoyable
experience is to remember that 10 __________ (HONEST) and politeness go a long way
to making any community a nice place to be.
XXII. Complete the text with an appropriate word in each gap.
In ten years’ time, robots will be used in every home, according 1 __________
technology experts and manufacturers. At the Consumer Electronics Show in Las
Vegas, all 2 __________ of domestic robots were unveiled. 3 __________ them were robots
which are linked into the home’s broadband service and which act 4 __________ home
organisers. These are capable 5 __________ responding to the family’s voice commands
in the house and at the 6 __________ time can be operated by mobile phones outside
the house. In the future, robots 7 __________ these will be responsible for operating the
household’s domestic appliances, 8 __________ as washing machines, alarm clocks,
heating, lighting, music players and TV sets. 9 __________ fact, they will act as
household managers and will be able to activate smaller cleaner and vacuuming
robots. 10 __________ of these types - the managing robot and the cleaning robot - will
be able to provide security surveillance. As they travel round the house, an on-board
camera will send pictures to your office laptop.

Reading
XXIII. You are going to read an article about social networking. Seven
sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences
A-H the one which fits each gap 1-7. There is one extra sentence which you
do not need to use.
A. We can now online anytime and anywhere and it seems that’s what many
people want.
B. It’s likely that social networking will grow in other areas of our lives too.
C. But this won’t stop people from using the sites.
D. Not many sensible people use them.
E. It seems safe to say that they will continue to grow.
F. They started out being mainly a way for people to keep in touch with friends
and socialise while sitting at their computers.
G. And they have massive numbers of followers who hang onto their every word.
H. One intriguing trend is that people are instantly blogging about important
events in the world.
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 A New Trend Unfolds
Social networking and microblogging sites such as Facebook and Twitter might not
have been around for very long but they’ve managed to have a huge impact on how
we lead our lives. They’ve also become a major influence on the world of business,
politics and journalism, too.
Why have these sites had such an impact? 1 __________ But in recent years they have
been taken on a life of their own and it’s now quite rare to find anyone who isn’t
involved in a networking site of some kind. The other strange thing is that people may
have many thousands more friends and contacts in the virtual world that they do IRL
(in real life).
Those who are critical of social networking say that people are becoming too involved
in the Internet. Some bosses have banned the sites on workplace computers because
workers are spending too much time chatting or tweeting online. 2 __________ That’s
because most will just carry on on their own personal smartphones or tablets instead.
There’s not a lot of employers can do about that. In fact, it’s the rise in the use of
portable smartphones and tablets that is one of the driving forces behind the demand
for social networking. 3 __________
Another criticism is that social networking is affecting our culture, making us more
obsessed with celebrities and destroying any form of private life we once had. It’s
certainly true that a lot of celebrities use Twitter as a form of publicity and to keep up
their public profile.4 __________ There’s also no doubt that some people using sites like
Twitter give out too much information about their daily lives. Especially annoying are
those people who can’t seem to help tweeting every boring detail of everything they
do.
But social networking sites are simply a tool and it’s up to users to shape the way they
are used. And quite a lot of what is happening on social networking and microblogging
sites is both interesting and exciting. 5 __________ From pictures from war zones to
posting election results, microbloggers often get there much faster than professional
journalists. This is why many media and news sites now use a lot of content from so-
called ‘citizen journalists’.
So what does the future hold for networking and microblogging sites? 6 __________ But
considering how much they have developed in such a short space of time, it isn’t easy
to predict exactly how they will develop in the future. One thing that seems sure is
that they will spread even deeper into our culture. More and more businesses are
using them to help promote their products and politicians to keep their face and ideas
in voters’ minds. 7 __________ Whether this will be a good or bad thing depends on how
we use it.
XXIV. Read the text, and mark the sentences T (true), or F (false).
Would you get ‘chipped’?
A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag is a tiny computer chip which can be
attached to a product so that it can be tracked. The tags have been used in shops for
several years, but scientists are now thinking of using them to track humans.
Staff at attorney general’s office in Mexico City have already had the chips implanted
under the skin of their upper arms. A scanner reads the codes contained in the chips
and allow the employees to enter secure buildings. This means, of course, that people
without chips can’t enter the building.
Scientists have suggested other advantages of carrying the tags. The survivors of
earthquakes could be located more easily and worried parents could find their missing
children by tracking their chip. Technical enthusiast Mohamed Graafstra has already
got implants in his hands which he uses to unlock doors and to start his car.

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However, not everybody supports this new technology. Civil liberties groups accept its
use to track pet cats and dogs, but they believe that tracking humans in this way
could be dangerous. They are worried that governments might use the chips to track
people’s movements without their knowledge, and they are also concerned about the
issue of security. It is possible that criminals could read the chips from a distance, and
access personal information illegally.
This opposition is causing problems for developers. It seems that until they address
these security issues, many of their projects may remain in the laboratory.
1. Shops currently use RFID tags to track products.
2. Some workers in Mexico have got RFID tags in their offices.
3. In the future, the chips could be used to track earthquakes.
4. Human rights organisations are protesting about RFID tags being used on animals.

5. Human tagging won’t become popular unless scientists can make it more secure.

Unit 6: High flyers

6A. Vocabulary
• Describing character: adjectives
I. Match each pair of adjectives to the definitions.
1 modest / shy
a not feeling confident in the company of people you don’t know __________
b not wanting to talk about the things you do well __________
2 determined / stubborn
a not letting anyone stop you doing what you’ve decided to do __________
b not to change your decision or consider anyone else’s opinion __________
3 lazy / easy-going
a relaxed and happy to do whatever people want __________
b not liking to work or use energy __________
4 sensitive / emotional
a having intense feelings about things and showing them __________
b being aware of your own feelings and other people’s__________
5 arrogant / decisive
a thinking you are better and more important than others __________
b expressing your opinions and feelings in a confident way __________
II. Complete the sentences with the adjectives in Exercise I.
1. Tom is very easy to get on with and he never worries about anything. He’s
so_________.
2. David finds his study quite difficult, but he wants to succeed. He’s very_________.
3. Sarah is very __________ . She’s achieved a lot in her life, but not many people know
about it.
4. I like getting up late at the weekend, but that doesn't mean that I’m __________ .
5. Phong is so __________ - he never listens to anyone’s advice.
6. Anna is very relaxed with people she knows, but in a new situation she’s
very_________.
7. Jane always knows if you’re not happy. She’s very __________ to others.
8. Tony has a very superior attitude to everyone around him. He’s very _____________.
III. Read the sentences. Tick ( ) the sentences that are correct, and replace
three incorrect adjectives.
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1. It’s good to have strong opinions, but if you never change your mind, that’s just
being determined. ________________
2. Stop telling me how to live my life. You’re very arrogant if you think you have all
the answers. ________________
3. I like the way your mum knows when to give advice and when to say nothing -
she’s very sensitive. ________________
4. I don’t think Dan is afraid of giving interviews, he’s just very stubborn about his
success. ________________
5. Tom could do a lot better at school if he worked harder - he’s very easy-going.
________________
IV. Complete the sentences with the words below.
easy-going responsible organised decisive emotional
imaginative shy impatient cautious determined
1. He cries a lot. He’s very __________ .
2. Jane doesn’t like taking risks. She’s a very __________ person.
3. My sister is __________ and doesn’t like to be the centre of attention.
4. My brother is very __________ and isn’t difficult to please.
5. A(n) __________ person, like Amy, will never stop trying, even when something
seems impossible.
6. Mai is someone you can trust, who makes good decisions - she’s __________ .
7. Phong is great because he makes his mind up really quickly - a really __________
boy!
8. Lan always has wonderful ideas, she’s very __________ .
9. David wants everything and he wants it now! He’s pretty __________ .
10. Quan always knows where things are and what he has to do - he’s very __________
• Describing character: nouns or adjectives
V. Complete the sentences with the correct word of each pair below.
shy / shyness modest / modesty
honest / honesty cheerful / cheerfulness
optimistic / optimism ambitious / ambition
flexible/flexibility generous /generosity
sympathetic /sympathy sociable /sociability
1. a/ In spite of all her problems, she manages to remain __________ .
b/ The team was in a mood of great __________ after their success in the previous
season.
2. a/ She had her back to me and didn’t seem very __________ .
b/ The morning tea break is half an hour because this is an important time for
__________
3. a/ His friends were very __________ when he lost his job.
b/ We have absolutely no __________ for students who get caught cheating in exams.
4. a/ Linda has always been a(n) __________ and hard-working worker.
b/ He had always had a(n) __________ to become a doctor.
5. a/ As a newspaper reporter, he is committed to __________ and accuracy.
b/ I’m going to ask you something, and I want you to be __________ with me.
6. a/ This new technology should lead to greater __________ in the workplace.
b/ Unions would like more __________ working hours to replace the nine-to-five,
forty-hour week.

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7. a/ Mr. Trí and the Disney characters are posing for a photo. Everyone in the team
demonstrate an unfailing __________ .
b/ She’s kind of like a puppy - she’s so __________ and friendly.
8. a/ He was painfully __________ in public, but completely different at home with his
family.
b/ His face went red with __________ when he walked into the crowded room.
9. a/ The __________ of Mr. and Mrs. Wilson made the museum project possible
because they donated a big sum of money.
b/ My dad offered to pay my plane fare, which was very __________ of him.
10. a/ ‘I’m a bank manager,’ she said, then added with typical __________, ‘of a very
small bank.’
b/ ‘You’re too __________ ! You’ve been a huge help to us.’
VI. Match the sentences to the words below. There are three words you do
not need
confident impatient arrogant shy
generous lazy strong funny
1. Someone who doesn’t like doing anything.
2. Someone who thinks they are better than everyone else.
3. Someone who finds parties and new people difficult.
4. Someone who likes to give something to others.
5. Someone who doesn’t like to wait.
VII. What type of person is being described? Circle the correct adjectives.
1. ‘He’s in the office at 6 am every day and he doesn’t leave until 8 pm.’
hardworking / friendly
2. ‘I’ve worked hard and I really think I’ll pass the exams.’ polite / confident
3. ‘She’s really nice but she never smiles or laughs.’ serious / generous
4. ‘Mum, is dinner ready? I’m hungry! When will it be ready?’ mean / impatient
5. ‘I don’t want to speak to any of your friends.’ unfriendly / lazy
6. ‘Here, take the money and give it back to me when you can.’ shy / generous
7. ‘I’m sure we’ll win the match and that you’ll score two goals!’ unkind / optimistic
8. ‘He just pushes people out of the way and he never says ‘please’ or ‘thank you!
rude / talkative
VIII. Complete the sentences with the words below. There are two words you
do not need.
rebellious passionate outgoing modest
creative easy-going gentle
1. Jane is very __________ . She never hurts people’s feelings.
2. Ben is friendly and talkative. He is really __________ and makes friends easily.
3. Robert never does what the teacher asks him to do. He’s __________ and rude.
4. Sue’s parents are so __________ . She can do anything she wants to.
5. Johnny is really good at painting and writing stories. He’s very __________ .
IX. Complete the sentences with the words below.
arrogant confident funny generous
lazy nasty rude shy
1. You’ll like my cousin. She’s really __________ . She can tell some great jokes.
2. Robert thinks he’s better than other people. He’s so __________ .
3. ‘Jack isn’t talking to anyone. Is he OK?’ - ‘Yes. He’s just __________ .’

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4. ‘Please help me wash the dishes.’ - ‘Don’t be __________ ! I washed them yesterday.’
5. My brother can talk to anyone. He’s so __________ .
6. ‘Susan’s hair and clothes are awful! ’ - ‘Don’t be __________ . I think she’s a very
nice girl.’
7. My aunt is taking me to Hue for my birthday. She’s very __________ .
8. ‘Hey! Give me some orange juice! ’ - ‘Don’t be so __________ ! Say ‘please’.’
X. Complete the sentences with the opposite to the underlined adjective.
1. He’s usually generous but he can sometimes be quite __________ .
2. She’s very quiet but her sister is really __________ .
3. When you go for a job interview, you must be __________ , not shy!
4. It’s better to be __________ about the future than pessimistic.
5. Luckily, there are more polite people in the world than __________ ones.

• Personal qualities: phrases

XI. Complete the sentences with the words below.
capacity humour communicating courage
self-confidence sense organizational skills initiative
1. Most managers in business are very good at __________ so that they and their staff
can understand each other well.
2. It seems strange that some people that are very fit don’t have physical __________
to overcome challenges.
3. She has tremendous energy and a huge __________ for hard work.
4. At school he lacked __________ , and we were surprised at his later success.
5. I’m afraid my brother doesn’t have a very good sense of __________ , and he
sometimes hurts other people’s feelings.
6. Although she was quite young, she showed a lot of __________ and was promoted to
manager after a year.
7. Some people are brilliant thinkers, but they have no common __________ .
8. Daisy’s excellent __________ were soon spotted by her employers because she was
very good at paperwork in her office.

• Verb and preposition

XII. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.
1. The fire department responded __________ the call within minutes.
2. Jane sat __________ the table writing a letter.
3. She often complains __________ not feeling appreciated __________ work.
4. My father and brother both work __________ the same company.
5. The idea of studying abroad really appeals __________ me.
6. He got arrested __________ careless driving.
7. Scientists are still searching __________ a cure __________ cancer.
8. Daisy worries too much __________ the way she looks.
9. More money should be spent __________ education.
10. Michael is currently employed __________ a motorcycle mechanic.

6B. Grammar
• Cleft sentences

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I. Rewrite the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the
subject of the sentence.
Example: The man gave her the book.
→ It was the man that / who gave her the book.
1. The children played football in the garden yesterday afternoon.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. My sister got a present from her uncle last week.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. My uncle taught me how to play the guitar.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. My little brother admires my teacher very much.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. My mother bought me that beautiful hat some days ago.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. My parents encouraged me to go to college.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. My teacher helped me to improve my pronunciation.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Football is considered one of the most exciting games nowadays.
________________________________________________________________________________
9. His success affects every aspect of my life.
________________________________________________________________________________
10. English becomes more and more popular in the world.
________________________________________________________________________________

II. Rewrite the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the
object of the sentence.
Example: The boy hit the dog in the garden.
→ It was the dog that the boy hit in the garden.
1. My parents bought me a new pair of shoes on my birthday.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. The police asked the man a lot of questions.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Jack sent some flowers to me when I was in hospital.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. That company will send a large number of notebooks to poor children in this area.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. People speak English in many countries in the world.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. I telephoned my friends to inform them about my good results in the exam.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. They are going to publish a new book on wildlife in Africa.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Many students will attend the IT class.
________________________________________________________________________________

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III. Rewrite the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the
adverbial modifier of the sentence.
Example: She bought him a present at the shop.
→ It was at the shop that she bought him a present.
1. They learn English in that foreign language center.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. My mother bought me a hat in the comer shop a few days ago.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. I took these photographs in the countryside.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Linda is going to spend her summer vacation in Viet Nam.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Many children like to play in the schoolyard.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Scientists found some strange paintings on the walls of the cave.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. John will finish his study in July.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Jane took a university badge out of her pocket.
________________________________________________________________________________

• Gerunds, perfect gerunds and perfect participles

IV. Complete the sentences with gerunds from the verbs given. Use each
verb once only.
do play travel ride swim
run lie fly try get
1. She likes __________ every morning before breakfast.
2. After __________ my homework, I usually watch TV.
3. I enjoy __________ on the beach.
4. She doesn’t like __________ with other children.
5. __________ is a fast way of __________ .
6. She likes sport, especially __________ horses and __________ .
7. After __________ several times, I finally passed my exams.
8. I lay in bed and thought about __________ up.
V. Complete each sentence by inserting a correct preposition and the gerund
of the verb in brackets.
1. We talked __________ (go) to Nha Trang for our holiday.
2. I look forward __________ (see) you again next year.
3. She is tired __________ (work) for the company with a lot of duties.
4. __________ (open) the front door, I walked slowly through it.
5. Are you interested __________ (join) the art club at school?
6. I’m tired __________ (come) to the same place every week.
7. She’s very good __________ (listen) to what people say.
8. The car drove off __________ (stop).
9. This machine is used __________ (cut) metal.
10. I’m worried __________ (get) to the airport late.

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VI. Rewrite the sentences starting with a gerund. You may need to change
some words.
Example: A good way of keeping fit is to swim every day.
Swimming every day is a good way of keeping fit.
1. It takes a long time to learn a foreign language.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Clean the machine more often - that will solve your problems.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Grow your own food. It’s less expensive.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Give up smoking: it will make you feel better.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. You are not allowed to leave your bike here.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. It is forbidden to walk on the grass.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. One thing I can’t do is swim on my back.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. It’s difficult to be polite to someone you don’t like.
________________________________________________________________________________
9. It’s not easy to surf the Internet effectively.
________________________________________________________________________________
10. It’s not pleasant to be in hospital.
________________________________________________________________________________

VII. Rewrite the sentences using perfect gerunds. You may need to change
some words.
Example: I did that. I remember it.
→ I remember having done that.
1. Maybe they had stolen the money. They denied that.
They denied .
2. I reminded you to buy some food. I remember that.
I remember .
3. The phone had rung and she had answered it. Then she kept on eating.
She just kept on eating after .
4. The thief got into the house because I hadn’t locked the front door.
I forgot .
5. She felt happy because she had met her best friend again.
She felt happy after .
6. I have said bad words to her. I regret it now.
I regret .
7. He had driven along the road before the accident happened. He remembered it.
He could remember .
8. The boys had broken the window. One of them admitted that.
One of the boys admitted .
VIII. Combine each pair of sentences using present participles or perfect
participles.
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1. I knew that he was a student. I offered to pay his train ticket.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. She became tired of my complaints about the programme. She turned it off.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. He had found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. The criminal had removed all traces of his crime. He left the building.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Tom had missed the last bus. He began to walk.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask his father for a job.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. She didn’t want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park.
________________________________________________________________________________
9. The tree fell across the road. It had been uprooted by the strong wind.
________________________________________________________________________________
10. The guests were sleeping in the next room. They were wakened by the sound of
breaking glass.
________________________________________________________________________________

6C. Word Skills

• Phrasal verbs: separable and inseparable
I. Match the phrasal verbs 1-8 with the definitions.
1. call off (a football match) _____ A. collect
2. take off (your coat) _____ B. invent
3. tell off (a naughty boy) _____ C. cancel
4. make up (an excuse) _____ D. remove
5. give out (exam papers) _____ E. find in a reference book
6. look up (a word) _____ F. reject
7. pick up (a friend) _____ G. distribute
8. turn down (an invitation) _____ H. speak angrily to
II. Rewrite the words in bold in the sentences using a phrasal verb from
Exercise I and a suitable pronoun.
Example: He looked up a new word in a dictionary.
→ He looked it up in a dictionary.
1. They cancelled the race because of the fog.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. My aunt collects me and my cousins from school every day.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Linda invented a lie so that her parents wouldn’t be angry.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. The teacher distributed the books before setting the homework.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. My brother rejected the job because the salary was too low.
________________________________________________________________________________
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6. You have to remove your shoes before you can go in.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. The shop assistant found the price in the catalogue.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Tom’s mother spoke to her son angrily for breaking the window.
________________________________________________________________________________

III. Rewrite the sentences putting the object in a different position.

1. I’d like to set a business up when I leave school.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. The company laid off twenty workers.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. My mum gave her job up last month.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. The manager decided to close the factory down.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. We worked the answers out by ourselves.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Please fill in the application form.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. The teacher gave out the exam papers.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Will you put away your things, please?
________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Rewrite the sentences using a pronoun instead of the underlined ph rase.
1. Why don’t you take off your coat?
Why don’t you _________________________________________________?
2. He made up the excuse so she didn’t get angry.
He ________________________________________ so she didn’t get angry.
3. I’m looking forward to our trip.
I’m __________________________________________________________ .
4. When they got home, they put away the shopping.
When they got home, they ________________________________________.
5. David worked out the answer.
David ________________________________________________________ .
6. They’ve employed a babysitter to look after the children.
They’ve employed a babysitter ____________________________________.
7. The teacher gave out the exams.
The teacher ____________________________________________________.

V. Match the transitive inseparable phrasal verbs i-vii with the definitions a-
g. Then rewrite the sentences using these phrasal verbs and a pronoun.
Make sure that you use the correct verb form.
i. go with (your shoes) _____ a. take care of someone
ii. break into (a house) _____ b. behave cruelly towards someone
iii. count on (a friend) _____ c. review
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iv. come across (an old item) _____ d. find by chance
v. pick on (a small child) _____ e. enter a place that is closed
vi. look after (a person) _____ f. match
vii. go over (an exam) _____ g. rely on someone

1. She found an old dress by chance in her wardrobe.

She ____________________________________________ in her wardrobe.
2. The older boys at school often behave cruelly to my brother.
The older boys at school often _____________________________________.
3. Our grandmother took care of my sister and me while our parents were away.
Our grandmother _______________________ while our parents were away.
4. I can always rely on my sister to help me with my maths homework.
I can ___________________________ to help me with my maths homework.
5. Rebecca reviewed the report before the meeting.
Rebecca _______________________________________ before the meeting.
6. That jacket doesn’t match your trousers.
That jacket doesn’t ______________________________________________.
7. Someone entered our classroom during the summer holidays.
Someone _______________________________ during the summer holidays.

VI. Read the sentences. Find the phrasal verbs and its object. Then rewrite
the sentences, using pronouns.
1. We tried to solve the problem several ways but we just couldn't figure out the
answer.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. We had forgotten the news until Jane brought up the topic at dinner time.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. The fireworks were very noisy last night. What time did they set off the fireworks?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. He received an invitation to play with the national team. I told him not to pass up
such a wonderful opportunity.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. We couldn’t agree on what to do, but we managed to sort out the problem in the
end.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. We had to get help from the computer shop because we couldn't set up the
computer ourselves.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. You need to find the letter before someone throws the letter away by mistake.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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8. The storm is getting worse, so I think you should wait out the storm at home.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
9. We asked for volunteers for the project but nobody wanted to take the project on.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. If you want your legal papers to be accurate, you need a lawyer to draw up your
papers.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

6D. Reading
I. Read the article about three successful people, then answer the questions.
Success Stories
What is success? For many people, it means being rich. For high achievers, however,
there are much more important things than money.
Emmanuel Jal
Emmanuel left his home in Sudan at the age of eight. There was a civil war and his
village had become too dangerous. His only choice was to join the army that was
fighting for the independence of South Sudan. The life of a child soldier was extremely
violent and when he was eleven, he ran away. He walked a distance of more than
1,500 km and managed to reach Kenya. There, for the first time, he was able to go to
school.
as a teenager, he expressed the pain of his childhood memories by writing and
performing rap music. Now he uses his songs to campaign for world peace, and has
performed them at huge concerts in London. However, he believes that his great
success is not his music, but his charity Gua Africa, which has helped lots of intelligent
young Africans to get a good education.
Paul Connolly
Paul grew up in a British care home because his parents had abandoned him as a
baby. The conditions at the care home were terrible. Paul was brilliant at sport and
dreamed of becoming a professional sportsman, but an injury in his early twenties
destroyed that dream. As a child, he had been too unhappy to learn anything in class,
but he knew that without an education he couldn’t succeed in a career. At the age of
twenty-five, he went back to school.
With patience and hard work, he learned to read and write. This gave him more
confidence and soon he was a successful fitness trainer with lots of famous clients.
Later, he wrote an autobiography. People praised it for its honest account of life in a
care home and it became a bestseller - not bad for a writer who had been illiterate in
his twenties. Paul is proud of his book, but he’s even prouder of his wife and children.
He grew up without a family, so he knows the importance of having people who love
him.
Sadaf Rahimi
Many girls in Afghanistan are wives before they are sixteen, but seventeen-year- old
Sadaf is different. She is single and she is a boxer. There is no boxing ring where
women can train in Afghanistan, but Sadaf trains in a gym at a sports stadium. Many
Afghans believe that women shouldn’t do sport, and recently Sadaf had to miss
training for a month after people had threatened to attack her. Then she came second
in a boxing competition in Tajikistan. Suddenly, people were congratulating her on her
achievement and the threats stopped. Now she is preparing for her next big
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challenge: the Olympic Games. She might be the only female athlete from her country
to compete in the Games, so she will be representing all Afghan women. She is
determined to bring home a medal.
Which person ...?
1. never knew their mother and father
2. was part of a movement to make one part of their country separate from the rest of
the country

3. is going to represent their country in a competition

4. wasn’t a successful student as a child
5. has raised money to improve people’s lives
6. had to change their ambition because of an injury
7. has had problems because of the beliefs of other people in their country
8. has written songs

II. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

Riches To Rags
A Karl Rabeder
Karl Rabeder was on holiday when it hit him. He despised the wealth and the wealthy
people with whom he had surrounded himself. There was only one thing to do - get rid
of it all.
Rabeder, 48, had dedicated much of his adult life to making money. After university,
he became an inventor. He started a company, and by the age of 32, he was a
millionaire.
Rabeder came from a poor background, and his mother had always told him money
was a measure of success. But the more money he made, the emptier he felt.
Then, on a gliding trip in Argentina, Rabeder met people who just needed a few
hundred pounds to set up businesses. He began giving out ‘micro-loans’ of €200.
What astonished him most was that when he returned a year later, they proudly gave
him back his money. ‘I felt if €200 could make such a difference, what am I doing
spending the same amount on one nice meal for two people?’
Rabeder sold all his possessions and now plans to live off €1,000 a month - money he
will earn by lecturing and working as a life coach. ‘I wish to give some kind of
braveness to other people, just tell them it’s so easy.’
B Sara Robin
Sara Robin’s inherited wealth was always associated with trauma. When she was two,
her mother died, leaving her everything. She went to live with her grandparents - but
her grandfather died eleven months later and her grandmother when she was four.
Her father bought her a new car when she started university, but this made her feel
even more of an outsider. She didn’t enjoy having more than others; she simply
wanted to be like them. She didn’t speak about her background, and pretended she
had a student grant like the others.
After university, she travelled through Australia and the USA with her future husband,
Hugh. It was now the 70s - she met feminists. Aboriginal land-rights activists, anti-
nuclear protesters, and became politicised. She worked as a bike engineer, and was
judged for whom she was rather than for her background. By the time she and Hugh
returned, she knew that her inheritance was good for one thing only - giving away.
How much in total? Robin smiles and says she’s not good with money. ‘Oh about
£10,000 to £20,000 a year. Not that much.’ She stops. ‘But back then you could buy a
house for £8,000.’
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C Brian Burnie
Doxford Hall Northumberland is almost 200 years old, and Brian Burnie has spent £18
million rebuilding it into a modern spa hotel. He bought it in 1993, at which time it was
derelict. The plan was to develop it into both a family home and a hotel, and to give
the profits to a charity called Marie Curie Cancer Care. Then, six years ago, his wife
Shirley was diagnosed with breast cancer. That’s when Burnie decided he would sell
Doxford and use the money to start a charity for transporting cancer patients to and
from hospital. Burnie describes his background as humble. His father worked on a
building site, his mother was a housewife. He did not do well in his school exams, but
he worked hard at his job, and later returned to education and studied engineering.
He and his friend set up a firm of engineers, which he ran for 30 years. Although he
made a lot of money, he was never extravagant. Now he says he’s done his life’s
work, and the only thing that matters to him is the charity.
He says his three children are not interested in inheriting his wealth, either, which is
lucky because he wouldn’t have left it for them anyway. ‘As a parent, the best thing
you can give your children is time. It’s not about money.’
Task 1. Which of these statements are true for all three people?
1. They were born into a rich family.
2. They worked hard to become rich.
3. They do not believe money brings happiness.
4. They have given money away.
Task 2. Match the questions 1-9 with the texts A-C.
Which person ...
1. went abroad to work?
2. spent three decades working?
3. has set up a new charity?
4. felt guilty about spending too much money on things that weren’t essential?
5. does not feel guilty about not passing on any money?
6. has helped poor people set up their own businesses?
7. used to lie about being rich?
8. is unaware exactly how much money has been given away?
9. teaches people about how to lead a similar lifestyle?

III. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

The George Cross is the highest award for bravery that a civilian in the UK can
receive. It’s named after King George VI, who decided to create the award in 1940.
Since then, fewer than 160 people have received it, all of them for performing acts of
exceptional heroism. The youngest recipient is John Bamford. John received the award
in 1952, at the age of 15, after he suffered dreadful injuries while rescuing members
of his family from a horrific fire at their home in Nottinghamshire.
The fire broke out in the early hours of the morning of 19 October, 1952. In the house
at the time were John, his parents and his five younger brothers and sisters. When
John and his father realised that something was wrong, they went downstairs to
investigate. They opened the living room door and were 1horrified to see the interior
of the room suddenly burst into flames. The heat was so 2intense that John and his
father couldn’t get back upstairs to help the rest of the family. Instead, they climbed
up the front of the house and managed to help John’s mother and three of the children
out of the bedroom window and on a flat roof. They knew that two children remained
inside the burning building.

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John and his father climbed inside. They could hear the distressed cries of the two
remaining children, who were only 4 and 6 years old, coming from a back bedroom.
The father covered himself with a blanket and made a 3heroic attempt to reach the
children. But before he could get to them, the blanket caught fire and the searing
flames drove him back. Telling his father to wait outside at the back of the house, 15-
year-old John then crawled through the flames and into the bedroom. Despite the
agonizing burning sensation as the flames set fire to his shirt, he carried on until he
reached his two younger brothers. They were on the bed, terrified. John picked them
up and dropped the younger of the two boys out of the window and into his father’s
arms. But the elder boy was 4dazed that he ran back through the burning room. John
knew that he could jump to safety, but he refused to leave without his brother. He
chased the 5panic-stricken six-year-old through the flames and eventually managed
to catch him and drop him down to their father.
At this time, John was almost 6unconscious from the heat, the thick smoke and the
pain. But somehow he managed to get the leg through the open window and fall to
the ground below, 7exhausted. An ambulance rushed all three boys to hospital. The
two younger boys soon recovered, but John did not return home until February of the
following year, after 8countless operations. While still in hospital, he received the
George Cross for his outstanding bravery and the newspapers printed the gripping
story of his heroism.
Task 1. Choose the best answers.
1. How many people receive the George Cross?
A. Only a few each year
B. About 160 each year
C. Nearly 15 have received it since it first appeared.
2. John Bamford is unique among recipients of the George Cross because __________ .
A. he showed amazing bravery in the face of danger
B. he rescued his family from a terrible fire
C. he was under the age of 16
3. The fire at the Bamford’s house started __________
A. when everybody was out
B. when everybody was in bed
C. when everybody was in the living room
4. John’s mother escaped from the fire by __________ .
A. running down the stairs
B. climbing through a window at the front of the house
C. jumping out of a window at the back of the house
5. John managed to reach the two younger children by __________ .
A. covering himself with a blanket
B. going outside and round the back of the house
C. getting down on his hands and knees
6. Why did one boy run away when John was trying to rescue him?
A. Because he thought he could escape down the stairs.
B. Because he didn’t understand what was happening.
C. Because he didn’t recognise his brother through the thick smoke.

Task 2. Match the definitions with the adjectives 1-8 in the text.
a. __________ : seeming to be asleep because of an injury
b. __________ : brave
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c. __________ : very many
d. __________ : frightened and unable to think
e. __________ : shocked and frightened
f. __________ : very tired
g. __________ : strong and powerful
h. __________ : very bad and frightened

IV. Read the text, and match the opinions about Londoners with the three
people. Write S (Sam), J (Joanna) or A (Amir).
Maybe it’s because I’m a Londoner
Look at the people in the photograph. They’re sitting close together on an
underground train, but they aren’t smiling or talking to each other. This is how the
world usually sees Londoners: quiet, reserved, unfriendly. But how accurate is this
impression? We asked three residents of London to give their opinions.
Sam, age 18, born in London
‘I don’t think Londoners are particular miserable - in fact, we like a good joke. But
we’re probably a bit gloomy and pessimistic. When it comes to sport, for example, we
cheer on the British competitors and teams, but we aren’t really surprised when they
lose. We accept underachievement as the norm. I think Americans are different: they
expect to win.’
Joanna, age 19, Polish, living in London for a year
‘I think Londoners are really cold and unfriendly. People here don’t chat - they don’t
say hello to their neighbours, and some of them wouldn’t even recognise their
neighbours in the street. I find it difficult to make friends here. In fact, I spend most of
my time with the Polish, not English people. People claim that the English are nice
when you get to know them, but how can you get to know them when they’re so
uncommunicative?’
Amir, age 17, born in London, Pakistan parents
‘London is a truly multicultural city. I think it’s true to say that more than one in three
of the city’s population belong to an ethnic minority group, and you can hear about
300 different languages here. New people are arriving all the time, so the city is
changing day by day. It’s a very competitive, fast-moving place. Most Londoners are
focused, and aren’t afraid of work - they know what they want and how to get it.’
1. They aren’t very welcoming.
2. They work very hard.
3. They don’t talk to each other very much.
4. They’ve got a good sense of humour.
5. They’re ambitious.
6. They aren’t optimistic.
V. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
HIGH FLYERS
Fraser Doherty
Fraser Doherty from Edinburgh, Scotland loved his grandmother’s jam and at the age
of 14 he decided to learn all of her recipes. However, Fraser was soon coming up with
his own flavours and they were so tasty that he was making a thousand jars of jam a
week to sell in his neighbourhood.
Fraser soon realized that jam-making could be a lucrative business and he wanted to
move to a factory so he spoke to various jam manufacturers. Unfortunately, although
they liked his recipes, they told him he was too young. They also asked him how much

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capital he had for the project. His answer was, ‘nothing’. Obviously, this didn’t make
his idea a very attractive proposition. However, Fraser persisted and he finally
found a factory in the north of England that was willing to a risk that has paid off.
Fraser’s jams are now on the shelves of some of Britain's most important supermarket
chains and they have made him into a rich young man. However, he donates a lot of
money to charity, especially to organizations that work with some of his biggest
clients, elderly people.
Yasmine El-Safy
Even though the teenage magazine market is enormous, what do you do if you think
that the mainstream media doesn’t deal with the topics that interest you? As far as
one American-Egyptian girl was concerned, there was only one answer: write, edit and
produce your own magazine.
Yasmine El-Safy from California published the first edition of MG magazine in 2005,
when she was almost 14. The magazine is aimed at girls between the ages of 12 and
18 and offers subscribers a wide range of articles from contributors from as far away
as Britain and Kuwait.
Although Yasmine loves writing, she says that most of her time is now taken up with
running business side of the magazine. In a recent interview she said she was a writer,
photographer, graphic designer, publisher, and sales person! She also explained that
her mother had had an important role in the magazine’s success, always giving her
good business advice. Yasmine has discovered that running your own business is
extremely hard work, but at least she can now find a magazine that she thinks is
worth reading.
Suhas Gopinath
As a young teenager Suhas Gopinath from Bangalore in India dreamed of being a vet,
but when his father returned home with a computer and a modern, he started
planning for a different future. By the age of 12 he had already built his website and a
few years later he launched his own computer consultancy. Suhas’ firm helps
clients with web design, online shopping and internet security.
The company is constantly growing and as a result Suhas is always looking to recruit
new staff, but if you’re over 25 don’t apply for a job. Suhas, who was at one time the
world’s youngest CEO (chief executive officer), told a local newspaper that he wanted
to work with young colleagues. He also added he wasn’t too worried about an
applicant’s qualifications and claimed that enthusiasm was more important than exam
results.
So far, Suhas’ recipe of youth and eagerness seems to be working for him as his
company now has 11 branches around the world and he was voted Young Global
leader by the World Economic Forum in 2008.
Task 1. Read the text. Answer the questions with Fraser, Yasmine or Suhas.
1. Who has offices all over the world?
2. Who does lots of different jobs?
3. Who became rich thanks to learning a skill from a relative?
4. Who produced a product that they couldn’t find?
5. Who refused to accept negative answers?
6. Who was bought something important by a parent?
Task 2. Read the text again. Then moose the best answers.
1. Fraser Doherty enjoyed eating jam so much that he __________ .
A. invented his own recipes
B. taught his grandmother to make jam
C. sold his grandmother’s home-made jam
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 D. started working in a supermarket when he was 14
2. A jam manufacturer in the north of England __________ .
A. paid Fraser for his grandmother’s recipes
B. said he was too young
C. decided to work with Fraser
D. lost a lot of money working with Fraser
3. There are lots of magazines for teenagers but the mainstream media __________ .
A. helped Yasmine produce her own magazine
B. produces magazines that Yasmine found interesting
C. asked Yasmine to write articles for their magazines
D. didn’t provide satisfactory reading material for Yasmine’s tastes
4. Yasmine enjoys writing a lot __________ .
A. and has plenty of time for writing
B. but now does a wide range of jobs for the magazine
C. and gives her mum advice on writing articles
D. and travels to Britain and Kuwait for articles
5. When Suhas’s father came home with a computer and modern, __________ .
A. he encouraged Suhas to become an online shopper
B. it made Suhas change his personal plans for the future
C. Suhas was 12 years old
D. it helped Suhas’ father find clients
6. Suahs prefers to recruit __________ .
A. people with excellent qualifications
B. older, experienced workers
C. young employees who are very keen
D. employees from other parts of the world
Task 3. Match the words in bold in the text with these definitions.
1. An idea, a plan or an offer, especially in business
2. Started something new
3. People who pay to receive a newspaper or magazine regularly or to use a particular
service

4. Allowing someone to make a lot of money

5. Continue doing something despite difficulties
6. Directed at a particular person or group
7. A company that gives expert advice on a particular subject
8. Produced a good result
9. To find new people to work for a company or organization
10. An amount of money which is invested or used to start a business
VI. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Yes, We Can!
Esther Vergeer from Holland
When the 8-year-old Esther Vergeer suddenly lost consciousness after a swimming
lesson, she can’t have imagined the nightmare that was awaiting her; two years of
operations that left her without the use of her legs. When she was finally able to leave
hospital, she had to use a wheelchair. Once she was home, Esther slowly realized she

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could either feel sorry for herself or she could make the most of her new life. She
decided to take the second option.
Wheelchair sports helped Esther to start enjoying life again. She immediately stood
out as an all-round sportswoman but she decided to focus on just one sport: tennis.
It was an intelligent move because she has been the world’s number one player ever
since and has an impressive number of Paralympic gold medals.
When Esther began playing sport many people may have thought it was just a chance
for her to socialize with other young people. However, with her talent and strong
motivation to succeed she has become an Olympic star.
William Kamkwamba from Malawi
In 2002, 14-year-old Kamkwamba was told that his school days were over. His parents
couldn’t continue paying his school fees because drought had destroyed the family
farm. However, William was determined that his new situation wasn’t going to
shatter his dream of one day providing his family’s home with electricity and fresh
water.
William studied library books at home and one of them, Using Energy, gave him the
idea that transformed his life: designing and building a windmill. Using tree branches
and old tractor and bicycle parts, William started constructing a windmill that would
generate electricity. His neighbours thought he was crazy until the day he connected
the cable from the windmill to his home. With the flick of a switch his house became
the only one in the village with electric light.
Since then William has built more windmills in the village and installed an electric
water pump. William’s talent for engineering has made him famous. A group of
business people, impressed by his skills and self-motivation, decided to pay for his
education at an elite school in South Africa. However, William hasn’t forgotten his
compatriots and he says that when he has finished studying he wants to bring
electricity to all Malawi.
Amir Khan from England
Amir Khan was born in England to Pakistani parents and from the moment he could
walk it was clear that he was hyperactive. Unfortunately, his hyperactivity would get
him into fights at school and his father decided he needed to do something about it.
At the age of only eight, Amir’s father made him become a member of a boxing club.
Amir’s father must have been desperate to take such a step but time has shown that
he was right. Young Amir used up all his energy at the gym, got on better at school
and started winning boxing titles. By the time he was 17 he had won the European
championships and a silver medal at the 2004 Olympic Games.
Amir’s success has made a big impact on young people in Britain, especially on those
from an Asian background. By overcoming a difficult start, he has inspired them. His
pride in being British and Asian has motivated lots of young British Asians to take up
mainstream sport.
Task 1. Answer the questions.
1. Who took up an activity to improve their behaviour?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Who did people think had gone mad?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Who did people think was doing sport just to make friends?
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Who changed country to go to school?
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Who decided to concentrate on just one sport?
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_________________________________________________________________________________
6. Who has influenced people from a similar background?
_________________________________________________________________________________
Task 2. Read the text again. Choose the best answers.
1. Esther spent two years __________ .
A. in a wheelchair before playing sport again
B. in an unconscious state
C. having medical treatment
D. suffering nightmare after leaving hospital
2. At the beginning of Esther’s sports career __________ .
A. it was obvious that she was talented
B. she just wanted to make friends
C. she only played tennis
D. she thought she’d win a Paralympics gold medal
3. Extreme weather conditions in Malawi __________ .
A. forced William to stay at school
B. destroyed William’s parents’ dreams
C. forced William to change his way of studying
D. destroyed William’s school
4. After William connected his home to the windmill __________ .
A. the neighbours thought he was crazy
B. his family finally has water in the house
C. there was electric light in the whole village
D. his family could see better at night
5. When Amir Khan was a young child, he __________ .
A. left Pakistan with his parents
B. was asked to leave school
C. became a better student thanks to boxing
D. was taught to box by his father
6. Thanks to Amir’s succeed, young British Asians __________ .
A. have become more active
B. went to the 2004 Olympic Games
C. have taken up mainstream education
D. have won more sports competitions
Task 3. Match the words in bold in the text with definitions below.
1. __________ having more energy than normal and unable to keep quiet or still
2. __________ to destroy something completely
3. __________ able to do many different things well
4. __________ the money you pay for professional advice or services from doctors,
lawyers, schools, universities, etc.
5. __________ to meet and spend time with friends
6. __________ people who come from the same country as you
7. __________ causing a feeling of admiration and respected by most people
8. __________ consider normal and used or accepted by most people
9. __________ very noticeable
10. __________ the state of being awake and knowing what is happening around you
11. __________ thought to be the best
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12. __________ changed completely
VII. Read the text and do the following tasks.
Birth order and success
If asked, most parents would say that they love and treat all their children equally.
However, according to many experts in psychology, a child’s position in the birth order
has an impact on his or her personality, behaviour, learning, and ultimately the child’s
career path. Conventional wisdom says that there are natural differences in the way
that birth order affects people. For example, parents often keep tabs on first-born
children, while children born later typically have fewer rules. Furthermore, many
people believe that the youngest child seems to get away with murder because
parents have experienced everything before.
But is there truth to this theory that birth order can affect our personalities? Ben
Dattner, a psychologist based in New York, believes there is. He says, ‘Depending on
birth order, there are special roles within families, leading to different adaptation
patterns and different personalities.’ He believes that the stricter upbringing of first-
born children leads to them being more extroverted and confident. They also tend to
be more responsible because their parents rely on them to help with the younger
children. As a result, first-born children usually have some power over younger
siblings, who may even look up to them as substitute parents.
Second-born, and middle children, often feel overlooked by their parents, especially
if another child is born before they are two years old. Second-born children are not
given as much responsibility as first-born children. According to Dattner, they are
more accommodating and they are also receptive to new experiences. Many
second-born children are quiet, and they prefer to observe instead of participate in
family dramas. The youngest child is usually the most creative. Dattner believes this is
a result of the more relaxed attitude their parents often have towards them. They are
given freedom to experiment in play and they often have fewer restrictions. However,
youngest children tend to enjoy the attention they receive, and this can cause them to
be manipulative to get what they want.
Clearly, birth order can affect personality, but what about career advancement and
success? Michael Gross, author of Why Firstborns Rule the World and Last Borns Want
to Change It, strongly believes that birth order affects career choices and, ultimately,
earning potential. To support his opinion, Grose cites several studies which have
shown that first-borns and only children usually reach higher educational goals, obtain
greater status, and have greater financial success. They tend to be ambitious and
disciplined compared with their younger siblings. They are usually determined to
succeed, yet fearful of losing position and rank. They are more likely to have careers
that require higher education, like medicine or engineering. If they choose a business-
related career, they are more likely to reach the senior management level.
Second-born or middle children are good at negotiation, peacemaking and
compromise, Grose says. They are easy-going and are usually closer to friends than to
family. They tend to have excellent people skills, so they may enter fields such as law
enforcement, counselling, or marketing. Youngest children love the limelight and are
used to being in it. They are charming, creative and have a good sense of humour.
According to Grose, they often gravitate toward artistic careers. Because of this, they
may earn less money than their older siblings. However, not all youngest children are
interested in the arts. They’re also successful in journalism, advertising, and
professional sports.
Although Grose and Dattner are strong advocates of birth order differences, it is
important to acknowledge that birth order is not the sole determiner of an individual’s
career or earning power. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft and one of the richest men in

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the world, is a middle child, thus showing that other factors can override birth order in
determining one’s career and financial success.
Task 1. Read the text. Which birth order position (1-3) matches the
personality descriptions (a-c)?
1. first-born child
2. second-born or middle child
3. youngest child
a. They are often relaxed and want to fit in with what other people want.
b. They love attention and like to get their own way.
c. They make strict rules for themselves and want to do well at work.
Task 2. Read the text again. Choose the best answers.
1. An example of the conventional wisdom stated in the article is that __________ .
A. the youngest child is the favourite
B. first-born children have fewer rules than later-born children
C. parents are less strict with the youngest child
D. the youngest child is most likely to commit murder
2. Ben Dattner believes that __________ .
A. birth order has an effect on the way parents treat children
B. parents try not to treat their children differently
C. there isn’t any truth in conventional wisdom
D. children should be brought up strictly
3. The youngest children often __________ .
A. have more responsibility
B. like being the centre of attention
C. have a relaxed attitude towards their parents
D. look up to their older siblings
4. According to Michael Grose, birth order explains __________ .
A. the relationship between siblings
B. the relationship between children and their parents
C. how higher education affects earning power
D. what career choices we are likely to make
5. In order to support the ideas in his book, Grose __________ .
A. reports his observation about birth order and career choices in his own family
B. is planning to conduct studies about birth order and financial success
C. has made his own theory about birth order
D. relies on other people’s studies on birth order and career choice
6. Bill Gates is an example of somebody __________ .
A. whose birth order probably influenced his career choices
B. whose birth order probably did not determine his career choices
C. who is a youngest child who went into business
D. who has had a less successful career than other middle children
Task 3. Match the words in bold in the text with these definitions.
1. To do something bad without being punished
2. Willing to listen to or to accept new ideas
3. People who support or speak in favour of something
4. The centre of attention
5. Willing to help or cooperate
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6. Ignored or forgotten
7. Explanations, information or beliefs generally accepted as true
8. To move towards something that you are attracted to
9. Controlling others to get what one wants
10. To watch or supervise someone closely
VIII. Read the article and do the tasks that follow.
SUCCESS STORIES
Want to be inspired to set up your own business? We spoke to two teenagers who
already have.
Sam had always dreamt of working with animals. ‘I grew up on a farm, where I was
involved with feeding the cows and cleaning the shed where they lived in winter. I
didn’t mind helping out,’ he says. ‘We also had a pet dog called Zen, who was a great
friend. He would wait for me to come home from school every day, and then I’d take
him for a long walk in the woods.’
There were a few older people in the village who had dogs that need walks, but who
couldn’t take them very far. One of them asked Sam if he would walk her dog, and
once he’d agreed, other people started asking, too. T didn’t ask for any money, but it
gave me an idea for a business - dog-walking!’ says Sam. But since he couldn’t do any
more in the place where he lived, he forgot about it for a few years.
When Sam was thirteen, his family sold the farm and moved to a town where his
parents set up their own business. That encouraged Sam to do the same, and he
remembered his dog-walking idea. ‘My parents helped me print leaflets advertising
my services, and suggested a price I could ask. On the first day I received so many
calls that I didn’t know how to deal with them all!’ Sam says. Sam’s mother set up a
diary for him on her computer and the business quickly became successful. ‘Now I aim
to employ someone to help me walk the dogs after school,’ says Sam.
Another young person who set up their own business is Ellie, aged fifteen. ‘I’ve loved
athletics since I was a kid,’ she says. ‘I hoped to get to the Olympics but I’m not good
enough. I thought about giving up.’ But Ellie’s grandmother believed in her ability to
be successful in athletics, even if she couldn’t compete at a high level. She
encouraged Ellie to keep on training, and when a local sports club was looking for
volunteers to help train children, she suggested that Ellie offered to help.
Ellie considered the idea and decided to give it a try. ‘I never imagined I’d be a good
teacher, but the minute I got on the field and realised how excited the kids were, I
knew it was the right thing for me.’ Since then, Ellie has set up her own one- to-one
athletics training programme and has ten young people who she trains after school.
‘I love it!’ she says.
Good luck, Sam and Ellie!
Task 1. Look at the sentences below and decide if each sentence is true (T)
or false (F).
1. Sam was not keen on doing jobs on the farm.
2. Sam’s best friend has a dog that Sam used to take for walks.
3. Sam thought of the idea for his business when he helped someone who lived
nearby.
4. Sam was unable to start his business while he lived on the farm.
5. Sam found it easy to run his business at first.
6. Ellie was not able to follow one of her dreams.
7. Ellie and Sam run similar kinds of business.
8. Both Sam and Ellie were helped by their families.
9. Ellie felt excited about teaching the children at first.
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10. Both Sam’s and Ellie’s businesses are now going well.
Task 2. Match the words in bold in the article to the meanings.
1. __________ think carefully about a decision
2. __________ a plan of activities with a purpose
3. __________ a folded piece of paper which contains information
4. __________ pay someone to work for a business
5. __________ do things and be part of an activity or event

IX. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.

FROM RAGS TO RICHES
A- OPRAH WINFREY
Bom in rural Mississippi to an unmarried teenage mother, Oprah Winfrey did not have
the easiest start in life. Until the age of six, she was looked after by her grandmother
while her mother worked as a maid in another town. Throughout her childhood, she
and her younger sister were around from relative to relative until, as a teenager,
Oprah settled with her father. He made sure she got an education and Oprah shone in
her lessons, even winning prizes for public speaking. This attracted the attention of a
local radio station, where she worked as a news reader during her senior year. This
was her first break into media. In 1983, she got a job hosting a TV talk show in
Chicago which soon became the most successful talk-show in the USA because her
kindness and humour appealed to audiences. Since then, Winfrey has become the
first black female billionaire, authored five books, and had roles in several Hollywood
films.
B- J. K. ROWLING
The first person to become a billionaire through writing books, J.K. Rowling rose from
poverty in a way that seems almost as magical as her most famous creation, Harry
Potter. Although she was born into a family that was financially comfortable, as an
adult Rowling went through difficult periods when she says she was very poor, but not
quite homeless. In 1990, on a delayed train journey to her job in London, Rowling
dreamt up the story of a young boy attending a school of wizardry. From that day on,
she worked on the first Harry Potter book wherever she was, including Manchester,
where she was a researcher, Portugal, where she taught English for 18 months, and
Edinburgh, where she did a teacher training course. Harry Potter and the
Philosopher’s Stone was finished in 1995, published in 1997 - and the rest is history.
C- PEP GUARDIOLA
Josep ‘Pep’ Guardiola, probably the most famous football coach in the world, had
humble beginnings. Bom in the village of Santpedor in Catalonia, Spain, his father was
a builder and his mother was a salesperson. He has two older sisters, and a younger
brother, Pere, who is now one of the world's top football agents. Pep signed for
Barcelona FC youth academy at the age of 13, and he became a member of the senior
squad when he was 20. He won many titles with the club. At one point, he was
coached by someone with whom he would later compete for ‘most famous coach’
status, Jose Mourinho. Pep played for Spain in two World Cups, and finished his
playing career for a team in Mexico before returning to Barcelona as a coach - and his
fame has continued to grow since then. He is well known not only for his tactical
genius, but also for his style - he often appears in perfectly cut suits.
D- JAY-Z
American rapper Jay-Z has a tough start in life, but with a combination of passion,
drive and talent he has become one of the most successful rap artists in the world. He
was born Shawn Corey Carter in Brooklyn, New York, the last of four children. For him,
rapping was an escape from the violence and poverty of his surroundings, but his
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journey to success was a long one. It wasn’t until he was in his 30s that he started to
get really big, with his own record label and several multimillion selling albums.
Always a very private individual, he seldom discusses his personal relationships, and
his small wedding in 2008 to the singer Beyonce was held in secret in his New York
apartment. Jay-Z has used his money for charitable purposes, as well as investing in
several businesses, including his own popular urban clothing brand.
Task 1. Read the text and answer the questions. You can write A, B, C or D.
Which person ...
1. has a brother or sister in the same field of business?
2. was successful at school?
3. got their biggest idea when on a journey?
4. was the youngest child in their family?
5. worked abroad before becoming famous?
6. has also worked as an actor?
7. was raised in several different households?
8. makes money in the fashion industry?
9. was trained by someone who later became an opponent?
10. was the first in the profession to become a billionaire?
Task 2. Match the words in bold in the text to the meanings.
1. __________ an accepted or official position, especially in a social group
2. __________ the condition of being extremely poor
3. __________ without a place to live
4. __________ in or relating to the countryside
5. __________ attracted or interested
X. Read the article about four teenagers and their jobs. For questions 1-10,
choose from the teenagers A-D. The teenagers may be chosen more than
once.
Aiming for the top
A
I love snowboarding with my family, and have done for as long as I can remember. My
father is very athletic and so I think he is my biggest influence. We like to go
snowboarding together whenever we can as it gives you the sensation of being free
with nature. I love the risk involved when doing jumps and tricks - the feeling you get
is just so exciting. My love for this sport makes me very motivated and determined to
succeed, and although I get to do what I love, as a job it can get a bit stressful: you
have to remain calm and give a flawless performance at every competition. I’m
working towards the next Winter Olympics for now - the feeling of having a medal put
around your neck is just the best, and I would incredibly proud to represent my
country.
B
As a child, I would always know of someone was not telling the truth! I’ve always had
a fascination with what is right and what is wrong, even as a young child. I think things
should be fair, and I’d like to know that I can make a difference in people’s lives.
People used to say to me that I would never achieve my goals to become a lawyer, as
it takes so much effort and time to pass all of the exams. I just thought to myself, ‘You
mustn’t listen to them!’ And, here I am. My family say I’ve achieved my dreams simply
because of my ambition, but it’s their support which has been most important to me.
To me, the money isn’t as important as the law itself, but I guess it does help making
a fortune with this job.
C
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My parents taught me that I should always aim for the top. For this reason, I’ve been
thinking about my future lately - and that’s why I’m opening my own business as soon
as I’ve finished school. I’ve already got my plans finalised and I even have funding. I’m
pretty sure that having my business will increase my wealth quickly. I also know that
my learning won’t stop once I’ve finished my studies, as there will be so much to learn
while I experience the world of work. However, I know that I must maintain my drive
and ambition to achieve the success I dream for.
D
I go to a drama school, where I work on my acting skills and learn how to present
myself. I also frequently go to film auditions, and have done ever since I was small.
You often go to improvise in many auditions, which I ought to find enjoyable but it is
very difficult. Although I’m not always successful at the auditions, I am able to
overcome these failures. I’ve even had the chance to appear in a few well-known
films. My father says he loves seeing my face up on the big screen in the cinema. I
even get to go to big events with lots of famous people, just because of my job. I am
often given designer clothes and expensive jewellery to wear to them - I’m living my
dream.
Which teenager
found inspiration in their father? 1

thinks their work is more important than the money they earn? 2
loves the benefits that come with the job? 3

think that they will become rich soon? 4

wants to improve people’s situations? 5

does their job for the excitement and pleasure they feel? 6

thinks work experiences are educational? 7

has appeared in hit movies? 8

didn’t listen to what people around them said? 9

can feel tense about performing perfectly? 10

Pronunciation: Main stress in noun-adjective pairs

Underline the main tress of each noun-adjective pairs. Then complete each
gap in the notes with only one word.
- ance / -ence: arrogant - arrogance; important - importance; distant - distance;
significant - significance; elegant - elegance; brilliant - brilliance;
different - difference; convenient - convenience; violent - violence;
intelligent - intelligence
- cy: urgent - urgency; accurate - accuracy; vacant - vacancy; secret -
secrecy; literate - literacy
- ness: gentle - gentleness; happy - happiness; lonely - loneliness; aware -
awareness
- ice: coward - cowardice
- ity: electric - electricity; secure - security; similar - similarity; popular -
popularity; national - nationality; probable - probability; curious -
curiosity; complex - complexity
Notes:
The nouns formed from the adjectives with the suffixes -ance / - ence, -cy, -ness, -ice
will have the 1__________ stress pattern with the adjectives.
The nouns with the -ity suffix will be stressed on the 2 __________ , from the last
syllable.

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6E. Speaking
• Everyday English
I. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: Can he become an entertainer? B: a/ Yes, he has a good sense of
humour.
b/ No. He can make many children
laugh.
2. A: What are the qualities of a B: a/ He must be very athletic.
watchmaker? b/ He must be careful and clever.
3. A: Is she a good social worker? B: a/ Yes, she’s creative and grateful.
b/ Yes, she’s helpful and sympathetic to
other people.
4. A: Do you like his paintings? B: a/ Yes, the artist is artistic and
creative.
b/ Yes, the artist has retired now.
5. A: She’s a successful young B: a/ Right. She started her business
businesswoman. two years ago.
b/ Right. She’s an online retailer with
many customers.
6. A: Your dress looks pretty. Is it B: a/ You needn’t buy expensive
expensive? dresses to look smart.
b/ You say that again. It’s my birthday
present.
7. A: Why are you the best person for the B: a/ I’m not sure but I hope so.
job? b/ I have the skills to become a strong
candidate.
8. A: Why will you go to a vocational B: a/ I’d like to get a job easily.
college? b/ I’d like to learn more theory.
9. A: Could you tell me what the job B: a/ It involves working overtime at the
involves? weekend.
b/ It involves checking the security in
the building.
10. A: Why do you want this job? B: a/ I can use all my qualifications.
b/ I just want to move.
• Guided conversation
II. Complete the dialogue between the interviewer (I) and the candidate (C),
using the answers below.
A. You’ll have a two-day paid leave or a four-day unpaid leave per year.
B. You’ll work with other employees in your team under the management of a
friendly supervisor.
C. You have to deal with customers, such as answering their questions about the
products on sale, provide them with other details, and so on.
D. You’ll go to work as soon as you get hired in the job.
E. You’ll get the result of the interview next Friday by email from the company.
F. You’ll work at the weekend from Friday afternoon to Sunday. You’ll work 8
hours a day, and you may work overtime during busy weekends or big holidays.

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 G. You’ll get a bonus if your sales are over expectations, and you’ll also get a pay
rise after the first year.
H. You often work overtime at the weekend, and the working days might be longer
during big holidays like Christmas or before the New Year.
C How can you describe the typical day in my job?
I 1
C What are the daily responsibilities of this job?
I 2
C What are the most challenging aspects of my job?
I 3
C Who will be working closely with me?
I 4
C Is there any opportunity for a pay rise?
I 5
C How many leaves in a year can I expect? Are they paid or unpaid?
I 6
C When will I hear from you?
I 7
C If I get hired in this job, then how soon would you allow me to join?
I 8

6F. Writing
• A for and against essay
I. Read the essay about: ‘Secondary schools should offer vocational courses
- courses that train you for a job’, and answer the questions.
Secondary schools should offer vocational courses
Academic courses prepare students for university but they don’t prepare them for a
job. Some students want to work when they leave school, and vocational courses
prepare them for this. Therefore, I think that we have to include vocational courses in
the school curriculum.
Firstly, a vocational course gives students a skill that they can use in everyday life or
for work. In addition to getting a skill, students enjoy these courses, and they become
more motivated at school. Most importantly, however, they are good for students who
find it hard to sit quietly in class.
On the negative side, however, some parents believe that vocational courses
encourage students to choose a career such as hairdressing rather than to try for
university. Parents believe that a university degree leads to a better job and
eventually a higher salary. Furthermore, vocational courses can cost schools a lot of
money to provide.
But university isn’t for everyone. There are other very interesting careers that don’t
require a university degree. In my opinion, vocational courses give students the option
to discover other jobs and careers that may be more suitable for them.
1. Read the notes and mark F (for the topic) and A (against the topic):
a. Students can learn about different careers on vocational courses such as computer
technology.

b. On a vocational course, they learn a useful skill that they can use in the future.
c. Students enjoy vocational courses.

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d. Vocational courses cost too much money for some schools.
e. They are good for students who find it hard to sit quietly in class.
f. Most parents think getting a degree is better than taking a vocational course.

2. What do vocational courses prepare students for?

____________________________________________________________________________
3. Why are parents negative towards vocational courses?
____________________________________________________________________________
4. What do vocational courses give students the option to do?
____________________________________________________________________________
II. Many people go to university for academic study. More people should be
encouraged to do vocational training because there is lack of qualified
workers such as electricians and plumbers. To what extent do you agree or
disagree? Arrange the sentences in each paragraph of the sample essay in
the correct order.
Paragraph 1: Introduction
_____ a Although study at university has a lot of benefits, I strongly agree that doing
vocational training should be encouraged to more people.
_____ b Nowadays, the growing tendency to studying at university leads to lack of
qualified workers in many types of job.
Paragraph 2: Arguments for higher education
_____ a This is because students going to university could acquire professional
knowledge for a particular type of work, such as doctors and lawyers.
_____ b In addition, at university, students would learn how to approach and solve
problems, and they expect to improve their self-learning ability and creativity.
_____ c The main advantage of academic study is that candidates who graduate from
university have a big chance to gain a well-paid job.
_____ d It is undeniable that the big advantages of higher academic study lead to a
large number of people who would like to go to university.
Paragraph 3: Arguments for vocational training
_____ a As a result, students could gain useful working skills quickly in actual
situations, and they would find it easy to perform particular tasks when they
start a job as a worker.
_____ b Consequently, this workforce could solve the problem of lacking qualified
workers today.
_____ c Firstly, students who do vocational training could reduce their time in study.
_____ d This is because completing a programme in vocational schools takes less time
than that in ordinary colleges or universities.
_____ e In Viet Nam, for example, it takes about 2 years to complete an electrical
vocational training; whereas you would need at least 4 years if you go to
university for academic study.
_____ f Another reason is that vocational training specialises in providing students
with the vocational education and technical skills.
_____ g However, I strongly agree that more people should be encouraged to do
vocational training because of following reasons.
Paragraph 4: Conclusion (the writer’s opinion)
_____ a However, we should encourage more young people to do vocational training
not only because of its advantages but also to solve the problem of lacking
qualified workers today.
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_____ b In conclusion, study in university and study in vocational training have
different advantages.

III. Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best
route to a successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a
job straight after school. Discuss both views. Use the outline, the prompts
below, the linking words or phrases and the words showing the sequence
(firstly, secondly ...).
Paragraph 1: Introduction
- graduating from high school / the young / often wonder / whether they / keep on /
studying further or not
- continuing to study at university or college / be the best way / guarantee their
successful career / whereas / others / believe/ working right after school / much
better
Paragraph 2: Arguments for the first job
- working straight after graduation / beneficial / some ways
- young people / able to earn money as soon as possible
- when / they / finish high school / they / mature enough / live independently / their
own income
- having a job / prove one’s maturity
- a person / who / choose / to get a job instead of studying higher / likely to progress
rapidly / their career
- this / bring about a good chance / obtain a lot of real experience and skills / their
chosen profession
Paragraph 3: Arguments for higher education
- there / a variety of reasons why / people / a tendency / choose / continue education
after high school
- a college education / provide young people / more qualifications, which is what most
employers expect these days
- university graduates / probably get / a much higher salary / those without university
education
- the job market / become / more and more competitive
- people / be well-advised to get a degree / as / hundreds of applicants often chase
the top jobs
- an obvious advantage / university graduates
- graduate engineers in Vietnam / highly paid / and / find it easy / get a top job
Paragraph 4: Conclusion
both working right after school / and / choosing to continue higher study /
advantageous / their own ways
Graduating from high school, the young often wonder whether

Working straight after graduation is

On the other hand, there are a variety of reasons why

In conclusion, it seems evident that

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IV. More and more students are choosing to study at colleges and
universities in a foreign country. Do the benefits of studying abroad
outweigh the drawbacks? Write a short essay, using the prompts below in
the correct form and other linking phrases.
Paragraph 1: Introduction
- nowadays / it / popular / go to colleges and universities abroad / a highly
controversial issue among students and their parents
- no doubt / choosing to study abroad / extremely beneficial / its advantages /
outweigh its drawbacks
- also a plenty of drawbacks of choosing to study overseas
Paragraph 2: Arguments for studying abroad
- several advantages / studying abroad
- being abroad / offer students higher skills / qualifications / the field / and / the
expansion / social and professional networks
- get job offers more easily / when / they / an international background / a network of
social connections
- become more familiar with the new cultures / crucial in the modern global world
- come to England / they / get familiar / the English history, weather, cuisine and
lifestyles / be an exciting experience
Paragraph 3: Arguments against studying abroad
- studying abroad / bring about some difficulties / harmful and destructive
- the cost / going abroad to study / be too high / the average citizen
- some countries / accommodation and tuition fee / be as high as the minimum salary
of that country
- experience culture shock and adaptation issues / quite common among newbies
- the culture and the lifestyles / the country / they study / different / their own culture
Paragraph 4: Conclusion (the writer’s opinion)
- studying abroad may bring some disadvantages in terms of high costs of education
and culture shock / it / prove / beneficial for most students / it / enable / students /
become more familiar / new cultures / and / expand the social and professional
networks
Nowadays, it is popular to go to colleges and universities abroad, which

There are several advantages of studying abroad. Firstly,

On the other hand, studying abroad may bring about some difficulties, which

In conclusion, while studying abroad may

REVIEW Unit 6

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Vocabulary
I. Match the sentences to the words below. There are three words you do
not need
confident talkative quiet polite
nice nasty funny serious
1. Someone who likes to make jokes.
2. Someone who is happy to let others talk.
3. Someone who knows they are good at something.
4. Someone who thinks about others and says ‘please’ and ‘thank you’.
5. Someone who enjoys it when others are unhappy.
IL Complete the sentences with the words below. There are two words you
do not need.
creative passionate outgoing modest
easy-going gentle rebellious
1. They are __________ about music and their house is full of musical instruments.
2. I’m sure Mai will make lots of friends at summer camp. She’s very __________ .
3. Lan has a great imagination. She’s very __________ .
4. Anna breaks school rules and behaves badly at home. She’s __________ .
5. My dad never gets angry or impatient. He’s very __________ .
III. Complete the sentences with the adjectives below.
cheerful ambitious mature sociable sympathetic
optimistic generous honest shy flexible
1. Robert is very __________ and he likes his parties.
2. My sister is really __________ . She’s always buying things for her friends.
3. ‘Are you still __________ that the climbers can be rescued?’ she asked.
4. He said that the key to his business success was not forgetting to stay __________ ,
which helped him to deal with various problems.
5. Thomas was __________ and friendly, and we soon became good friends.
6. Students are urged not to be __________ about reporting cheating in examinations.
7. Mothers are often highly __________ for their children.
8. ‘Tell me where you were - and I want a(n) __________ answer,’ his mother said.
9. We’re __________ to parents who are worried about what their children see on
television nowadays.
10. After two years of college, the students have a much more __________ attitude.
IV. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases below.
communicating humour initiative organizational skills
self-confidence energy common sense physical courage
1. He wishes his son would show more __________ in order to become successful in his
writing career.
2. They found that she had verbal and __________ and would be promoted to manager
soon.
3. Do the best you can, hope for the best and try to keep a sense of __________ .
4. They do not have __________ to take part in the game show because it has a lot of
challenges.
5. If you’re always feeling tired, you can have lots of __________ by taking certain
vitamins.
6. Her job requires her to be good at __________ with her hotel guests.

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7. She gained a lot of weight and lacked __________ in her appearance.
8. Anyone with an ounce of __________ would have realised that was a silly thing to do.
V. Choose the best word to complete the sentences.
1. He’s very __________ . Sometimes I get a headache listening to him.
2. Don’t be __________ ! Wait for just a few minutes.
3. She was so __________ to give her sister all that money.
4. He was really __________ in class yesterday. I laughed all morning!
5. Don’t be so __________ ! You haven’t done any of your homework yet.
VI. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.
1. For nineteen years, my father worked __________ that bank as a financial manager.
2. Several customers complained __________ the service they received.
3. We searched high and low __________ him, but couldn’t find him.
4. She spends most of her salary __________ clothes.
5. You’ve really got no need to worry __________ your weight.
6. They arrested him __________ possessing an illegal weapon.
7. Can’t we employ someone as an assistant to help __________ all this paperwork?
8. A grey-haired woman was sitting __________ the reception desk.
9. The Murrays have appealed __________ the public __________ any information
__________ their missing daughter.
10. Jane didn’t respond __________ any of her emails last month.

Grammar
VII. Change the following sentences into cleft sentences in the passive.
Example: The boy hit the dog in the garden.
→ It was the dog that was hit in the garden.
1. Ann made this lovely dress.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. People use computers in various fields.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Mr. Brown signed the contract this morning.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. They may publish this book in May.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Thomas Edison invented light bulbs.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Paul won the first prize in the competition.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. Susan wrote a report about the air pollution a few days ago.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Millions of people will watch this live programme.
________________________________________________________________________________
9. They sent us this document yesterday.
________________________________________________________________________________
10. John has sent a big sum of money to the charity.
________________________________________________________________________________

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VIII. Complete the sentences with gerunds from the verbs given. Use each
vet b once only.
walk buy go get up live
say eat smoke go out become
1. __________ is unhealthy, but a lot of people find it difficult to stop.
2. I’m fed up with __________ in the city - it’s too polluted and crowded.
3. He has decided to stop __________ in the evenings so that he can save some money
for his holidays.
4. They don’t like __________ and go everywhere by car.
5. They’ve given up __________ meat.
6. I’m really interested in __________ to a technical college, not a university.
7. Before __________ a teacher, he worked in advertising.
8. They are thinking of __________ a house.
9. They hate __________ early in the morning.
10. She left without __________ good bye.
IX. Complete each sentence by inserting a correct preposition (if necessary)
and perfect gerunds.
1. Our neighbour made so much noise.
Now they apologise __________________________________ so much noise.
2. I hadn’t studied hard for my exams.
I regret __________________________________ hard for my exams.
3. He had been rude to his teacher.
I think he should apologise __________________________________ rude to his teacher.
4. He hadn’t invited her to his birthday party, and he regretted it.
He asked her to forgive him __________________________________ her to his birthday
party.
5. The driver of the other car thought that my father had parked his car in a wrong
place, so it caused an accident.
The driver of the other car accused my father ______________________________ his car
in a wrong place, so it caused an accident.
6. We had found out the solutions to the problems.
We finally succeeded __________________________________ the problems.
X. Combine each pair of sentences using present participles or perfect
participles.
1. He offered to show us the way home. He thought we were lost.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. He had fed the cat. He sat down to his own dinner.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. She had looked through the fashion magazines. She didn’t find the style that she
liked.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. I sat in the front row in the theatre. I saw everything beautifully.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. The lion found his cage door open. He left the cage and walked slowly towards the
zoo entrance.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. I had heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn’t want to go any further without
a torch.
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________________________________________________________________________________
7. The film star wore extremely fashionable clothes. She was surrounded by
photographers and reporters.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. He passed under a ladder. He got a pot of paint fallen on his head.
________________________________________________________________________________
9. I had misunderstood the questions. I gave wrong answers to them.
________________________________________________________________________________
10. We thought he would never survive. He had fallen from such a height.
________________________________________________________________________________

Word Skills
XI. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the inseparable phrasal
verbs below.
deal with call for get off get in
break into do without count on stick to
1. I hope I can __________ your votes at the next election.
2. Police are searching for the criminals who __________ our house.
3. I decided to go running every day, but it’s hard to __________ that decision.
4. The racing drivers __________ their cars and drove off.
5. I couldn’t afford to replace my phone, so I decided to __________ a phone altogether.
6. I __________ the bus early, and the roads were clear.
7. To be a good shop assistant, you must know how to __________ customers.
8. Some politicians have __________ a ban on fishing.

XII. Correct the errors about the phrasal verbs in the sentences.
1. We’re not going on the climbing expedition because the leaders called off it.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. If we work together, I think we can come with some good ideas for our report.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. I’m very upset about the mistake, but I’m trying to live them down.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. I’m surprised the editor didn’t pick it up on.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. I don’t trust him because he has gone back his promises so many times.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Our class can’t do three projects because there aren’t enough team leaders to take
on it.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. I forgot to finish my homework last night. I’m going to have to come up a good
excuse with.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. They tried to avoid paying the fine but they didn’t get away it.
________________________________________________________________________________

XIII. Complete the phrasal verbs in the text with the words below in the
correct word form.
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 reach run sort spill spread throw
Dear Agony Anne,
I wonder if you can help me. My mother can’t seem to 1 __________ anything out, so our
house is full of junk. Whenever she starts to 2 __________ out of space in one room, she
just moves to the next. In the kitchen, there are objects 3 __________ out all over the
table and things also 4 __________ out of all the drawers. I have offered to help her 5
__________ out the cupboards, but she refuses to let me. I don’t know to 6 __________
out to her. What should I do?
XIV. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.
1. The wind blew __________ all the candles.
2. On the way to school the bus broke __________ and we had to walk.
3. Someone stole a bike at school yesterday. The principal is looking it.
4. I’m looking forward __________ seeing my cousin again.
5. Some scientists are carrying __________ research about that illness.
6. My mum’s not here - she has to sort __________ a problem at work.
7. They look so like each other - I can never work __________ who is who!
8. I want to be like everyone else - I don’t want to stand __________ !
9. I can’t come out tonight, I’m looking __________ my younger brother.
10. You carry __________ going, I’ll meet you there.
XV. Complete the dialogues with the appropriate verbs in the correct form.
1.
A How was your trip? I know you were really 1 __________ forward to it.
B Well, it wasn’t very good.
A Oh? What happened?
B Well, the car 2 __________ down. Dad looked at the engine but he couldn't 3
__________ out what was wrong. We had to get a truck to take it to the garage.
They 4 __________ the car out there, and we were able to continue our trip.
2.
A So, was the party good?
B Not really. No one told me it was fancy dress - I really 5 __________ out. And there
were one or two people with masks on the faces, so I couldn't 6 __________ out
who they were.
3.
A How’s your brother’s new job?
B Great! He loves it. He’s 7 __________ out some research for a professor at the
university. The professor is 8 __________ into ways of making water clean in poor
countries.
A Sounds really interesting.

Use of English
XVI. Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets.
How To Succeed
Let me take a suggestion to help you deal with difficult situations. If, for example, you
are taking part in a sports 1 __________ (compete), meeting someone important, or
giving a 2 __________ (perform) in front of a large audience, you will probably be quite 3
__________ (nerve), and worry that you will not be as 4 __________ (succeed) as you
would like to be.

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What you need to do is to prepare yourself 5 __________ (thorough) by running through
the whole 6__________ (active) over and over again in your mind, 7 __________ (care)
going through every detail.
For example, a famous pianist, 8 __________ (prison) for seven years for 9 __________
(politics) reasons, could still play magnificently on his release. When asked how he
managed to play so well, his 10 __________ (explain) was that he had practised every
day in his mind.

Reading
XVII. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
A Social psychologist Sam Gosling researches how well people can identify other
people’s personalities. Here is one of his tests: he shows people a photo of
someone’s bedroom and asks them about that person’s personality. He found that
people are quite good at reading someone else’s personality from their bedroom
or similar clues.
B But when you meet someone for the first time, what is the quickest way of getting
to know them? What clues do people use to decide if they like the person? What is
one of the most common questions that young people ask?
C Sam thinks the question is, ‘What sort of music do you listen to?’ To test this, Sam
gives university students a new Internet trend. The students have six weeks to get
to know each other. Then Sam reads all the online conversations. Guess what? The
students discuss music far more than any other subject!
D But can people use music to judge personality accurately? Sam asks the students
to write a list of their ten favourite songs. Then he gives the lists to other students
and asks them to describe the personalities. The results are amazing: the students
are brilliant at judging people from their musical choices.
Task 1. Match sentences 1-5 with paragraphs A-D. There is one sentence
that you do not need.
1. People talk about music a lot with new friends.
2. People are good at judging personality from clues.
3. How can we find out about someone we meet?
4. How does music identify personality?
5. You can identify someone’s personality from their song choices.
Task 2. Choose the correct answers.
1. In one of the tests, Sam shows people photos of __________ .
a. his bedroom b. other people’s bedrooms
2. Sam asks students to __________ .
a. find new friends on the Internet b. get to know someone on the Internet
3. The students __________ .
a. talk about music a lot with each other
b. exchange music a lot with each other
4. Sam asks students to __________ .
a. write a list of songs they like best
b. write a list of adjectives that describe themselves
XVIII. Read the text, and answer the questions.
The right attitude!
Walking home from school the other day, I started thinking about all the homework I
had to do. I must have had at least three hours work ahead of me, and I wasn’t

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looking forward to it. When I finally walked through the front door, I had put myself
into a very bad mood.
However, I found my grandmother sitting in our kitchen and I soon brightened up. She
had decided to make a surprise visit and we quickly started chatting about family
gossip. It wasn’t long though before I remembered my homework and, with a sad look
on my face, I explained that I had to go off to my bedroom to study. I stood up to
leave the kitchen like someone being sent off to prison.
Before I could leave, my grandmother angrily called me back. ‘What’s all this about?’
she asked. ‘You should change your attitude! Homework is a chance to learn, not a
punishment! ’
She then told me all about her childhood. School had been out of the question as she
had had to work from dawn to dusk helping on the family farm. Education had been
just a dream. Leaving the kitchen, I realized how hard life must have been for my
grandfather and how lucky I was that I didn’t have to go out to work.
1. How does the writer feel at the beginning of the story?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do her feelings change when she sees her grandmother?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. What impression does the writer give her grandmother as she is leaving the
kitchen?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. How does her grandmother react?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. What changes might the writer have made since that day?
Unit 7: Artists
7A. Vocabulary
• Art forms
I. Complete the sentences with the art forms below.
cartoon drawings classical music musicals mime
ballet sitcom sculptures dance painting
1. A __________ is a funny television programme in which the same characters appear
in different situations each week.
2. Carroll appeared in a number of Broadway __________ in which part of the stories
are sung to music.
3. The waltz is an easy __________ to learn.
4. __________ is a performance in which dancing and music tell a story without any
speaking.
5. There was a large __________ of his father on the wall.
6. He made detailed __________ of animals and flowers in his book.
7. The first scene of the play was performed in __________ in which actors use
movements of their hands and bodies, and expressions on their faces, without
speech.
8. Local artists were asked to create life-size bronze __________ for the garden.
9. Do you prefer __________ like Mozart and Haydn, or pop?
10. A __________ is a short film that is made by photographing a series of drawings.

• Artists
II. Match each word below with its definition.

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 model conductor audience busker
stage hand choreographer sound technician juggler
1. a person who combines movements into dances to be performed
2. a person who sits still for an artist to paint them
3. a person who performs on the street throwing and catching a set of balls
4. a person who helps move the scenery
5. the person who leads an orchestra
6. a person who makes sure the microphones are working properly
7. a person who plays music on the street
8. the people watching the show
III. Choose the correct answers.
1. I always give money to composers/ buskers in the street.
2. We went to the opening night at the theatre last week and we met a playwright /
cartoonist after the show.
3. The jugglers / sculptors are performing at the festival.
4. He’s at music college, training to be a composer / scriptwriter.
5. I saw a wonderful portrait of the countryside by a famous painter / sculptor.
IV. Complete the sentences with the words below.
rapper busker DJ folk group
orchestra string quartet choir
1. The __________ in the new club played some great records.
2. MoonDance only play traditional music because they are a(n) __________ .
3. I sing in a(n) __________ at school.
4. That man can’t sing very well, but he is a good __________ .
5. I gave some money to a(n) __________ who was playing the guitar outside the
station.
6. There are 50 musicians in that __________ .
7. My uncle plays in a(n) __________ with three friends who play the cello and the
violin. He plays the viola.
V. Identify which artist is, based on the critics’ quotes about their work.
1. __________
‘The giant metal figure looks out of place in this small town square.’
2. __________
‘His deep voice is perfect for these slow, romantic songs.’
3. __________
‘The last verses is one of the best I’ve ever read.’
4. __________
‘Her best book yet. A captivating story of romance and mystery.’
5. __________
‘Some wonderfully written lines. I left the theatre remembering many of them.’
6. __________
‘A fascinating description of the life of one of our greatest scientists.’

VI. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals in brackets to form a
word that fits in each gap.
Teenage Actors

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 Many young people are tempted by the idea of a career in 1 __________ (ACT). It
certainly looks like very 2 __________ (EXCITE) work, but it’s not for everyone. The
rewards can be huge, but it can also be difficult to make a living. In order to be
successful as an actor, you must be 3 __________ (TALENT) and willing to learn new
skills. It helps to be 4 __________ (ATTRACT), but there’s no need to be a super model.
Many people who are not traditionally attractive have had success. An 5 __________
(INTEREST) face is what people want to see. Sometimes it also helps to look a little 6
__________ (DIFFER) from the rest. It means that people who see you perform will
remember who you are. A 7 __________ (QUALIFY) from a well-known acting school can
be useful, but not all 8 __________ (KNOW) is learned at school. Experience really
counts. Taking part in performances is often more important than exam results.
Beyond that, you have to be able to put up with 9 __________ (TIRE) hours of rehearsals
and some 10 __________ (DISAPPOINT) along the way. If you can do all that, you just
might become a star.
• Artistic activities
VII. Complete the sentences with the verbs below in the correct form.
conduct appear direct carve compose
sing write act create perform
1. To Hoai often __________ very interesting stories about his native village and
animals.
2. Someone had __________ their initials on the tree.
3. Picasso __________ a complete new style of painting.
4. She has already __________ in a numbers of films.
5. Before every concert, she worries about how well she will __________ .
6. Who will be __________ the orchestra?
7. Schumann was better at __________ music than playing it.
8. She is __________ the role of Lady Macbeth six evenings a week.
9. He wanted to give up acting and start __________ his own films.
10. I could hear the birds __________ outside my window.
VIII. Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs below.
rehearse practise test not work
move look at forget change into
The opening night was a complete disaster. The sound technician was late, so he
didn’t have time to 1 __________ the microphones. That meant that we didn’t realise
they 2 __________ until after the play had started. The lead actor 3 __________ his
opening lines, so the lead actress had to say them for him. But the lead actress hadn’t
had time to 4 __________ her costume, so she went through the entire first act with her
jeans on. The stage hands wouldn’t stop 5 __________ at the audience when they
6
__________ the scenery. So they kept on dropping all the equipment. And then in the
interval one of the dancers twisted her ankle while she 7 __________ the steps.
Honestly, I don’t know why we spent so much time 8 __________ .

• Cultural activities
IX. Complete the sentences with the words below.
musical sitcom art galleries theatre
novels ballets opera concert
1. Last Sunday they went to watch ‘Swan Lake’, one of the greatest classical
__________
2. I’d far rather go to the __________ than watch a video.

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3. Have you read any of Charles Dickens’ __________?
4. They also performed at a(n) __________ in Rome last month.
5. London is famous for its museums and __________, and they visited some during
their trip in London last month.
6. The Browns often went to see a Broadway __________ every week when they lived in
New York.
7. We watched America’s most popular __________ ‘Friends’ to improve our English.
8. We regularly go to the theatre to enjoy __________ in which all of the words are sung
to music.

• Musical genres
X. Complete the sentences with the words below.
pop rock techno classical music
heavy metal folk music rap hip-hop
1. __________ is a type of popular modern music with a strong, loud beat played with
guitars and drums.
2. __________ is a type of dance music with regular heavy beat and spoken words.
3. __________ is a type of popular music in which the words of a song are spoken in
time to music with a steady beat.
4. __________ is modern music, popular with young people, having simple tunes with a
strong beat.
5. __________ is considered important and serious, and has a value for a long time.
6. __________ is traditional music that has been played by ordinary people in a
particular area for a long time.
7. __________ is a type of popular electronic dance music with a fast, strong beat.
8. __________ is a type of rock music with a strong beat, played very loudly on electric
guitars.

• Aspects of music
XI. Choose the correct words.
1. The choir has sung only two tunes / verses of the last hymn.
2. He knows how to slow down the tempo / chorus and when to speed it up.
3. We listened to the choir singing in perfect harmony / tempo.
4. It is a song with a harmony / beat that you can dance to.
5. She started moving to the verse / rhythm of the music.
6. The beat’s / chorus’s singing was excellent, and so was the orchestral playing.
7. He wrote some great music, but the speeds / lyrics weren’t that good.
8. Melody / Chorus is not the central element in Martino’s compositions - rhythm is
more important.
9. I’ve heard that tune / tempo before, but I don’t know the words to the song.
XII. Complete the sentences with the words below.
symphony beat chords chorus harmony
lyrics melody movement solo opera
1. The __________ singer began to sing an aria.
2. The girl clapped at the end of the first __________ .
3. There were a hundred people in the choir, all singing in __________ .
4. Beethoven’s Fifth __________ is a very famous piece of music.
5. The boy quite likes the clever __________ , but isn’t keen on the music.
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6. A drum __________ can go on for quite a long time, and can be a bit boring.
7. With modern jazz, there often isn’t a strong __________ .
8. It’s no good having a good voice if you play all the wrong __________ .
9. Dance music has a very __________ that makes people want to dance.
10. Live performers sometimes ask the audience to join in with the __________ .

• Cultural events and shows

XIII. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases below.
magic shows open-air theatre circus comedy club
art exhibition classical concert piano recital musical
1. They’ve set up a(n) __________ at school so that students can practise acting.
2. The museum is holding a(n) __________ of Picasso’s work.
3. His secret hobby is performing tricks in __________ .
4. That musician performed a(n) __________ of classical favourites.
5. In summer there is a(n) __________ in the park giving concerts.
6. A(n) __________ is a play or film in which the story is told using songs and often
dancing.
7. The children loved being taken to the __________ to watch the acrobats and clowns.
8. There were 200 people at the __________ in the City Hall, enjoying the music by
Beethoven and Mozart.

7B. Grammar
• The passive
I. Choose the correct answers.
1. The meeting will hold / will be held next Thursday.
2. We ride / are ridden our mountain bikes at the weekend.
3. The school replaced the plants that had been stolen / had stolen.
4. The first World Cup played / was played in 1930.
5. Mona Lisa painted / was painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the early 16th century.
6. Police have arrested / have been arrested two boys for shoplifting.
7. A new school has built / has been built in our neighbourhood.
8. What language is spoken / speaks in Brazil?
II. Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. They were late because the flight __________ . (delay)
2. Reality shows __________ by millions of people every week. (watch)
3. Classes __________ next Friday because of the power cut. (cancel)
4. Paper __________ by the Chinese 2,000 years ago. (invent)
5. Today mobile phones __________ in developing countries. (make)
6. Ellen is happy because she __________ a pay rise. (give)
7. David couldn’t find his wallet because it __________ . (steal)
8. Those trees __________ next week to make room for an apartment building. (cut
down)
III. Complete the passive sentences.
1. Every year, hundreds of mobile phones __________ left in taxis.
2. Please keep the windows closed while your car __________ washed.
3. How many jobs __________ lost since they introduced the new computer system?
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4. The next Olympics __________ held in three months’ time.
5. When I opened the fridge, I noticed that my chocolate bar __________ eaten.
6. Their house __________ burgled last night, but only a few things __________ taken.
IV. Complete the sentences in appropriate passive forms. Use the verbs in
brackets.
1. The most dangerous snakes __________ (usually transport) in special boxes.
2. In the late nineteenth century most machinery __________ (drive) by steam.
3. The manager was angry that he __________ (not tell) about the strike sooner.
4. The oil in your motorbike should __________ (change) long ago.
5. The road in front of their house __________ (repair) this week so they can’t use their
car.
6. The device must first __________ (unplug) from the electricity supply for safety.
7. Since then a number of complaints __________ (receive) about noise from the club.
8. When I arrived, the passengers __________ (treat) by three doctors.
9. Some crops __________ (not harvest) yet due to this year’s bad weather.
10. The local bread __________ (usually, make) from a mixture of wheat and rye flour.

V. Rewrite the sentences using the passive. Include the agent if you think it
is important.
1. I realised that someone had opened my emails.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. The Prime Minister gave a speech on TV last night.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Someone has stolen all the computers from their office.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. My dad designed the new hospital building.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. The storm destroyed all the crops.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. They will deliver our new furniture at the weekend.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. The neighbour’s cat bit me on the leg.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. My brother will arrange everything in my birthday’s party.
________________________________________________________________________________
9. Somebody will give you instructions on arrival.
________________________________________________________________________________
10. People are spending more on smartphones than ever before.
________________________________________________________________________________

VI. Use the passive to write answers to the questions with the words in
brackets.
1. Where is paella eaten? (Spain)
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Where will a new museum be built? (in Alexandria)
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Who has the prize been given to? (Professor Dang Vu Minh)
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________________________________________________________________________________
4. When was the Eiffel Tower built? (between 1887 and 1889)
________________________________________________________________________________
5. When is the meeting being held? (this afternoon)
________________________________________________________________________________
6. When was basketball invented? (1891)
________________________________________________________________________________

VII. Complete the sentences with the verbs below in the correct form.
kill leave publish teach use
follow
1. Her latest novel __________ next month.
2. The same currency __________ in about twenty European countries.
3. King Tran Du Tong __________ by Chu Van An.
4. Last year, a CD containing top secret information __________ on a bus.
5. Don’t look now, but I think we __________.
6. Over three hundred soldiers __________ by landmines since the conflict began last
year.
VIII. Complete the text with the correct passive form of the verbs in
brackets.
Our house 1 __________ (decorate), so we’ve gone on holiday to Nha Trang. When
we arrived at Cam Ranh Airport, we discovered that one of our suitcases 2 __________
(leave) in Ho Chi Minh City. At the hotel our room 3 __________ (clean) at the moment
so we couldn’t use it. Then we wanted to go for a swim but we couldn’t because the
pool 4 __________ (close) for repairs the week before. So we went to the restaurant to
eat but it was full because it5 __________ (use) for a wedding. It was worse than being
at home.
IX. Complete the text with the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
Martin Scorsese was born in 1942 in Queens, New York. As a child he suffered from
asthma, and so he 1 __________ (stop) from playing games and sports with other
children. Instead, he spent much of his time in small cinemas, and soon became
fascinated with the art of film-making.
His first major film was Taxi Driver, which 2 __________ (make) in 1976 and starred
Robert de Niro and Jodie Foster. After this film, de Niro 3 __________ (establish) as
Scorsese’s central on-screen figure and the two worked together for many years later.
In 1988 he 4 __________ (criticise) heavily for his portrayal of Christ in The Last
Temptation of Christ, but the main result of this controversy was to increase ticket
sales.
He 5 __________ (nominate) for an Oscar five times before he finally won one. He 6
__________ (award) the Oscar for Best Director in 2007 for his film The Departed, which
also won the prize for best film.
X. Five of the seven underlined clauses in the text can be made passive.
Choose which five and rewrite them in the passive.
Last year I experienced real kindness from a girl who has since become my best
friend. I had to change school last summer because earlier in the year Dad’s company
had moved him to an office in a different town, and the rest of the family joined him.
That was difficult for me - not only leaving my friends but the thought of having to
make new friends. People have often described me as shy and it’s true, I find it very
difficult to be relaxed with new people. Anyway, on my first day at the new school,
someone was showing me into the building when this girl came bouncing up to us and
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said, ‘Hi, I’m Kate, your school friend. They’ve given me the job of making you feel
welcome here.’ Kate stayed with me all day - she sat with me in lessons, she
explained how everything worked, she took me to lunch and introduced me to all her
friends. Her kindness really impressed me that day.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

• have something done

XI. Rewrite the sentences using the get / have something done structure.
1. Someone cuts our grass.
We .
2. Someone cleaned my dad’s car.
My dad .
3. Someone has built our house.
We .
4. Someone is painting my bedroom.
I .
5. Someone will install my new computer.
I .

XII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs have.
1. I didn’t repair my laptop. I __________ it repaired.
2. My dad hasn’t serviced his car. He __________ it serviced.
3. We aren’t building a new house. We __________ a new house built.
4. I’m not going to clean the carpets. I’m going to __________ the carpets cleaned.
5. Did you cut down the tree or __________ you __________ it cut down?
6. We didn’t make the new curtains. We __________ them made.
XIII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the causative have.
1. I’m going to __________ my hair __________ (cut) tomorrow.
2. I __________ the bedroom walls __________ (paint) last week.
3. He’s just __________ his car __________ (wash).
4. When I broke my leg, I __________ the house __________ (clean) by professionals.
5. I’ve got a strange rash on my arm, so I’m going to the doctor to __________ it
__________ (check).
6. I need to __________ my eyes __________ (test).
XIV. Complete the sentences with the correct form of have something done
and the verbs in brackets.
1. My mum __________ the carpets __________ (clean) last week.
2. For her wedding next summer, my sister __________ the flowers __________ (arrange)
by a local shop.
3. My great-grandfather __________ this house __________ (design) by a famous
architect 80 years ago.
4. One day I __________ my teeth __________ (whiten).

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5. My mum __________ her hair __________ (cut) every six weeks.
6. I __________ the windows __________ (clean) every two weeks.
7. After we moved into the new house, we __________ the roof __________ (replace).
8. My dad __________ his blood __________ (check) tomorrow.
9. My parents __________ their new sofa __________ (deliver) last week.
10. I usually __________ my homework __________ (check) by a friend before I give it to
the teacher.
XV. Complete the sentences with the correct form of have or get and one of
the verbs below.
clean build cut deliver
look paint take take out
1. If your computer isn’t working, why don’t you __________ Phong __________ at it?
He’s good at that sort of thing.
2. I’m thinking of __________ my bicycle __________ pink. What do you think?
3. You’ll have to __________ your photo __________ if you’re applying for a passport.
4. I couldn’t afford to go to the hairdresser’s, so I __________ my friend __________ my
hair.
5. I really need to __________ my school coat __________ . It’s filthy.
6. She __________ a tooth __________ yesterday.
7. Mum couldn’t be bothered to cook, so we __________ a pizza __________ .
8. My friend’s parents __________ a swimming pool __________ in their garden next
month.
XVI. Complete the sentences with the correct form of have something done
and the words in brackets.
Example: I didn’t repair my bike. (repaired)
I had my bike repaired.
1. They aren’t decorating their house. (decorated)
They .
2. We don’t iron our clothes. (ironed)
We .
3. Nick isn’t cleaning his house. (cleaned)
He’s .
4. Nam isn’t going to test his eyes. (tested)
He .
5. Linda hasn’t dyed her hair. (dyed)
She .
6. Phong isn’t going to cut his hair. (cut)
He .
XVII. Rewrite the sentences with the correct form of have something done.
Example: The shoe repairer is mending Jane’s shoes.
Jane is having her shoes repaired.
1. The workers painted their house last year.
They .
2. The photographer is going to take my photo.
I .
3. The plumber is going to install our new shower.
We .

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4. The hairdresser has dyed my mum’s hair.
My mum .
5. The mechanic is repairing Tom’s car.
Tom .
6. The dry cleaner has cleaned Jacks’ coat.
Jack .
7. The builders are changing my neighbour’s windows.
My neighbour .
8. The doctor tested Anna’s eyes last week.
Anna .
XVIII. Put the words in the correct order to make statements or questions.
1. you / your teeth / Have / whitened / had
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. yesterday / you / tested / Did / have / your eyes /?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. had / stolen / his mobile phone / Nam / has
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. had / Jane / painted / last week / her nails
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. my photo / going to / have / tomorrow / I’m / taken
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. painted / Lan / her portrait / is having
_________________________________________________________________________________

XIX. Complete the dialogue using the past simple form of have something
done.
Mai Hi, Jane. You look great!
Jane Thanks. I went to a beauty parlour yesterday and I 1 __________ (my hair / cut).
Mai 2 __________ you __________ (it / dye) too?
Jane No, I did that myself at home. It’s cheaper. But I 3 __________ (my nails / paint).
Look! And I 4__________ (my make-up / do).
Mai Very nice.
Jane You look different too.
Mai Yes, I 5 __________ (my teeth / whiten) last week. They used to be really yellow.
Jane Did it cost a lot?
Mai Actually, yes. Especially because I 6 __________ (my bag / steal) while I was there!
XX. Match situations 1-8 to actions a-h. Then complete a-h with the correct
form of the verbs in brackets.
1. ‘My camera isn’t working.’
2. ‘I want to look really good at the Halloween horror party.’
3. ‘My car has broken down! ’
4. ‘My dog doesn’t seem to be eating very much.’
5. ‘It’s Valentine’s Day and I’ve forgotten to buy flowers for Susan.’
6. ‘My hair’s getting a bit too long.’
7. ‘I don’t want Mum and Dad to see their Christmas presents when they come in the
post.’
8. ‘That wasn’t a goal!’
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a ‘You must __________ it __________ (get / fix) before we go on holiday.’
b ‘You could __________ some __________ (have / send) to her office.’
c ‘Why don’t you __________ them __________ (get / deliver) to a friend’s house?’
d ‘Maybe you should __________ him __________ (get / check) by a vet.’
e ‘It sure is. You really need to __________ it __________ (have / cut) soon. ’
f ‘I’m sure you can ______ it __________ (have / fix) at the nearest garage.’
g ‘That referee really needs __________ his eyes __________ (get / test)! ’
h ‘Why don’t you __________ your hair __________ (have / dye) black and red?’

7C. Word Skills

• Indefinite pronouns
I. Choose the correct words.
1. There was no one / anyone else on the train.
2. It’s dark. I can’t see anything / something.
3. I’m really hungry. I’ve had anything / nothing to eat.
4. Does anybody / nobody mind if I eat garlic?
5. He’s smiling. He must be thinking about anything / something funny.
6. You can get online anywhere / nowhere in the airport.
7. ‘I can’t find my ticket. It’s somewhere / nowhere to be seen.’ - ‘It must be
anywhere / somewhere.’
II. Complete the indefinite pronouns in these sentences. Use some-, any- or
no. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
1. Does __________ one know the answer to this question?
2. Would you like __________ thing to eat?
3. __________ body wanted to go to the cinema with me, so I went by myself.
4. There was hardly __________ body I knew at the party.
5. I don’t mind where we go on holiday. __________ where as long as it’s warm, and
sunny!
6. I heard a noise outside. __________ one’s outside.
III. Complete the sentences with the correct indefinite pronouns.
1. Has __________ seen my glasses?
2. Can __________ help me move the wardrobe, please?
3. We’d like __________ hot to drink.
4. I haven’t got __________ new to wear to her party.
5. Let’s go on holiday __________ near the sea.
6. She’s so hungry; she’ll eat __________ !
IV. Complete each sentence with an appropriate indefinite pronoun.
1. Does __________ know where the bus stop is?
2. That coach is empty. There’s __________ in it.
3. We arrived in plenty of time because __________ gave us a lift.
4. That suitcase is very light because there’re nearly __________ in it.
5. I didn’t buy __________ in the duty-free shop
6. The nurse gave the small child __________ to drink while he was waiting for his
mother.
7. Let’s go __________ different on holiday this year.
8. There’s __________ to sit in the cinema. Every seat has been occupied.
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9. We never go __________ nice at the weekend.
V. Complete the dialogue with correct indefinite pronouns.
David I’m going out to get 1 __________ to eat. There’s 2 __________ in the fridge.
Jane Who are you going with?
David 3
__________ . I’m going on my own.
Jane Where are you going?
David I don’t know. 4 __________ . It doesn’t matter.
Jane You’re behaving very strangely. Is 5 __________ wrong?
David No, I just don’t want to talk to 6 __________ right now.
VI. Rewrite the indefinite pronouns starting with no- with the indefinite
pronouns starting with any- and vice versa.
Example: She is having nothing to do this evening.
→ She isn’t having anything to do this evening.
1. I’m bored. I haven’t got anything to do.
_____________________________________________
2. There was nobody at the airport to meet us.
_____________________________________________
3. Their relationship is going nowhere.
_____________________________________________
4. Anna hasn’t seen anybody today.
_____________________________________________
5. Don’t shout at him. He’s done nothing wrong.
_____________________________________________
6. We didn’t go anywhere special last weekend.
_____________________________________________

VII. Complete the sentences with the correct indefinite pronouns.

1. Did you hear __________ during the night?
2. Let’s go on holiday __________ really hot and sunny.
3. There’s __________ else we can look. It’s gone.
4. __________ is wrong. He’s not answering his phone.
5. I didn’t tell her __________ about the weekend.
6. My dad hasn’t been __________ in his new car yet.
7. __________ called while you were out but I don’t know who it was.
8. The teacher explained the homework but __________ was listening.
9. I haven’t got __________ to wear for the party tonight.
10. There’s __________ on TV tonight. Let’s go out.
VIII. Rewrite the sentences that are incorrect.
1. Would you like something to eat?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. There wasn’t nobody at the check-in desk.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Can I have anything to drink?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. I’ll move anywhere, as long as it’s out of the city centre.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. He’s hungry because he didn’t have something for breakfast.
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_______________________________________________________________________________
6. We were tired because we didn’t have nowhere to sleep.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. Has somebody seen my passport?
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. There was nothing on TV, so we turned it off.
_______________________________________________________________________________

IX. Complete the text with the correct indefinite pronouns with some-, any-,
no-, or every-.
It was October, and three friends were on a walking holiday in the Lake District. It was
seven o’clock in the evening and starting to get dark. They needed 1 __________ to
spend the night. Jim looked at the map. ‘There’s 2 __________ within two hours’ walk of
here,’ he said.
‘Let’s camp in this field then,’ suggested Sarah.
‘Good idea,’ agreed Chris, sitting down on the grass. 'I’m exhausted . Can I have 3
__________ to eat?’
‘What do you want?’ Sarah asked.
‘I don’t mind. 4 __________ !’ replied Chris. ‘I’ve had 5 __________ since breakfast.’
Then he turned round. ‘That’s strange. I thought I heard 6 __________ .’
‘No, there’s 7 __________ around here,’ said Sarah. ‘Just us. Maybe you heard a rabbit.’
An hour later, 8 __________ was fast asleep inside the tent.
The next morning, as Chris was making tea, Sarah came out of the tent looking
confused. ‘Did 9 __________ touch my camera last night?’ she asked.
Jim and Chris shook their heads. ‘Is 10 __________ wrong?’ asked Jim.
Sarah didn’t say 11 __________ - she just held out the camera so 12 __________ could see
the picture. It showed all three friends fast asleep in their sleeping bags.
13
__________ said 14 __________ for a few moments. Then Sarah started packing her bag.
‘It’s time to go,’ she said. ‘Where?’ asked Jim.
‘15 __________ ,’ replied Sarah. ‘Let’s just grab 16 __________ and go!’

7D. Reading
I. Read the text, and decide whether the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
Not here!
Where would you expect to find graffiti? On walls and bridges? Perhaps in special
exhibitions? But probably not all over the front of a historic Scottish castle.
But soon that’s exactly where you will be able to see it. And this is not vandalism on a
grand scale. Four graffiti artists, who are well-respected in their home country of
Brazil, have been commissioned by the owner to completely cover one side of the
castle with bright, colourful graffiti.
The reason is that the outer covering of the walls of the castle is in very bad condition
and in a couple of years it will need to be replaced. The family thought it would be
interesting to have the graffiti painted on until then. The artists will be staying at the
castle and working on it for a month. After that it will no doubt become a tourist
attraction for visitors to the area.
Most local people support the idea but there have been some negative reactions from
people across the country who think it is completely inappropriate. But the family are
convinced that when it is completed people will love it. They hope they are helping
graffiti to be accepted as a valuable and respected art form.
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1. The graffiti at the castle will not be permanent.
2. Artists from different countries will be doing the graffiti.
3. People living near the castle don’t like the idea.
4. The graffiti will include dark scenes from history.
5. It will probably be popular with visitors.

II. Read the text, and choose the correct answers.

Hustling
In the last year the viewing public have learned a great deal about a certain type of
criminal in the extremely successful TV series Hustle. The first Hustle DVD is released
this week and it’s set to be a best-seller.
Hustle is all about the adventures of a group of con artists. Con artists are people who
persuade rich people to give them lots of money to finance projects or plans that do
not exist. The ideas are often very complicated. Sometimes the group create a real
background for the trick by hiring actors, offices, or houses to persuade the people
they are conning that they are genuine. For them, lying is an art!
In reality, con artists are criminals, but in this series the group take money from the
rich for a reason. The rich person might have committed a crime themselves or might
just be a really nasty person. However, unlike the famous Robin Hood, who stole from
the rich and gave to the poor, the ‘Hustle’ group keep the money for themselves.
This is an excellent series and this DVD is a must for those who like their stories
complicated but very clever.
1. This text is __________.
A. giving a review
B. a news article about con artists
C. educational
2. The con artists in Hustle are __________.
A. actors B. very creative C. genuine business people
3. Con artists in the real world __________.
A. give money to the poor
B. steal money that isn’t theirs
C. work in offices
4. In Hustle the con artists __________.
A. make a lot of money B. can be quite nasty C. help poor people
5. The stories in Hustle __________.
A. are easy to understand B. are true C. are not straightforward
III. Read the text, and mark the sentences T (true), or F (false).
Gilbert and George
Contrary to public opinion, the members of Britart were not the first to experiment
with shock tactics. Contemporary art lovers have been viewing the works of art duo
Gilbert and George in major art galleries worldwide since the 1970s.
Gilbert, born in Italy, and George, from England, met at art college in London in 1967.
Soon after they started working together as performance artists, whose show ‘The
Singing Sculpture’ consisted of them standing on a table sprayed in gold paint,
miming a well-known song.
From this moment on, Gilbert and George adopted the identity of ‘living sculptures’ in
both their art and their daily lives. They are always to be seen wearing their
trademark suit and tie, and they never appear separately in public. In front of the

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camera they walk with robotic movements, and their voices sometimes sound
unnatural when they speak.
As for their art, their most famous works are huge, brightly-coloured photo montages
on a black grid. Gilbert and George often feature in these works themselves, along
with friends, flowers, and other symbols. In their later work, they have experimented
with more unusual materials, which has attracted a great deal of media attention.
Some people question Gilbert and George’s talent and refuse to see the value of their
work. However, in the world of contemporary art they are regarded as two of the very
best. At the age of 65 they are still going strong, as their success in the 2016
exhibition at Tate Modem shows.
1. The members of Britart were the first artists who aimed to shock the public.
2. Gilbert and George started to work together at art college.
3. They first became known as sculptors.
4. They always wear the same type of clothes.
5. They often use photographs of themselves in their works.
6. The press is interested in their work because of their talent.
7. Gilbert and George stopped exhibiting when they turned 65.

IV. Read the text, and choose the best answers.

Wyland’s Whaling Walls
Some of the largest and most beautiful outdoor murals in the world have been created
by the American artist Robert Wyland.
Wyland’s murals are called ‘Whaling Walls’ because they describe an animal that he is
passionate about: the whale. His inspiration lies in the whales he has studied and
swum with as a diver and practising environmentalist.
Wyland’s first encounter with the sea was on a family visit to California when he was
fourteen. The experience of seeing his first whale in the Pacific Ocean had an
enormous impact on his life and his future. When he returned home, he threw himself
into the study of marine life. In 1977 he painted his first ‘Whaling Wall’ in Laguna
Beach, California, which is now a famous landmark. His goal is to paint a hundred
‘Whaling Walls’ in ten years.
The whales in Wyland’s murals are all painted life-size, which means the ‘Whaling
Walls’ are absolutely huge. He never knows exactly what he is going to paint until he
approaches the blank wall with his paint sprayer. His painting technique is also
unusual, as he uses none of the traditional methods typical of such large projects, like
sketches, outlines on grids. Most of his murals take about a week to make and he has
done painting tours where he has painted seventeen murals in seventeen weeks.
However, Wyland does not only paint whales because he likes them. His main
objective is to bring the serious condition of the whale to the attention of the public in
the hope that it will not become extinct. And he has chosen his medium well. It is not
easy to walk past one of his giant murals without admiring the beauty of his whales.
We can only hope the real thing outlives Wyland’s artistic representations.
1. Wyland paints his ‘Whaling Walls’ __________.
A. on the outside of buildings B. on the inside of buildings
C. in art galleries D. in buildings by the sea
2. Wyland’s interest in whales started __________.
A. when he saw one in a documentary
B. when he started studying marine biology
C. when he went to Canada

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 D. when he was a teenager
3. Wyland’s murals are planned __________.
A. carefully before he starts painting
B. when he’s standing in front of the wall
C. in a sketch he makes beforehand
D. on his computer
4. Wyland paints whales because __________.
A. he only likes them
B. he wants to show people how beautiful they are
C. he wants to save them from extinction
D. they are very big
5. The word ‘murals’ in the text is closest in meaning to __________.
A. walls in the streets in the shape of large whales
B. the methods that Wyland has used to paint pictures of the whale
C. large pictures that have been painted on a wall
D. large photos of the whales on the walls in public places

V. Read the following letter and do the tasks that follow.

Behind the Scenes
Who makes films? Actors and directors, of course. But if you watch the credits at the
end of a film, you’ll find hundreds of other names and jobs. Most of the crucial people
in filmmaking aren’t famous because they do their work behind the scenes. Here are
four important jobs.
Makeup artist: Making characters look believable
The makeup artist’s work sounds simple, but there’s more to it than making the lead
actress look beautiful. If the hero gets a cut on his face, the makeup artist must create
that cut and ensure it looks exactly the same tomorrow and the day after. Some films
may require actors to look older or younger, or like a monster or a space alien. Putting
on special makeup can sometimes take more time than the actor’s scene! For
example, Jim Carrey’s makeup artist needed two and a half hours every day to
transform him into his character for the film, The Grinch. The audience should notice
the character, and not the makeup.
Property Master: Setting of scene
The property (or “prop”) master is responsible for selecting parts of the set and
costumes. This includes large items like furniture and vehicles, but also small items
like tools and weapons. When you see a mother cooking breakfast for her kids, the
prop master has chosen the stove, the frying pan, the plates, and almost everything
else in the scene. For a prop master, details are everything. In the 2011 film The
Social Network, the prop master had to find the exact model of computer that
Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg used when he was studying at Harvard University
back in 2004. Part of the job is also keeping track of every item purchased for the film
and making sure no item disappearing during production.
Special effects coordinator: Making the impossible look real
After a film, people often ask, “How did they do that?”. In films, people can fly,
dinosaurs roam through cities and spaceships travel to other planets. These are all the
work of the special effects coordinator. This person is responsible for creating fires,
and explosions, rainy days, or snowy nights. Most special effects nowadays are made
with computers. A big film like Avatar took several years to make, and had many

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special effects companies working on different things. One company had about 120
people working exclusively on the look of the aliens on the planet Pandora.
Foley artist: Creating the sounds of the cinema
Think of your favourite scary film and its sounds - footsteps, loud rain, and creaking
doors. All of these are the work of the Foley artist. Many sounds can’t be recorded
during the filming of a film, so Foley artists produce them in their studios. They create
the punching and kicking sounds of a fight scene, and the wind, rain, and thunder in
the background. They often have unexpected methods - for example, to make the
sounds of bones breaking, Foley artists have recorded the sound of celery sticks being
snapped in half. In a Foley artist’s studio, there might even be special floors for
recording different kinds of footsteps.
So next time you watch a film, be sure to look for these jobs in the credits. The film
wouldn’t be the same without these hardworking people!
Notes:
- People who work behind the scenes help to make a film but do not appear in it.
- founder (n) = a person who first started a company or an organization
Task 1. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. The names of people who work behind the scenes __________ .
A. are not in the film credits
B. are not very famous to the public
C. appear first in the film credits
D. get the attention most
2. The work of the makeup artist is __________ .
A. to make actors look younger
B. to make actors become unrecognizable
C. to transform an actor into a monster
D. to make actors look like the characters
3. Which of the following is true about the makeup artist?
A. People notice the makeup artist when they watch a film.
B. People notice the characters, and not the makeup artist.
C. The makeup artist’s work is quite simple.
D. It always takes a makeup artist more time than the actor’s scene.
4. All of the following are the duties of a prop master EXCEPT that __________ .
A. he decides which objects actors use in a film
B. he chooses the furniture and items to make the scenes look real
C. he collects all the items from the old days
D. he uses the same items throughout the film
5. Special effects coordinators __________ .
A. direct actors to act scenes needing special effects
B. make every detail come true and real
C. look for places with rainy days or snowy nights to film
D. usually need computers for their job
6. Most of the sounds we hear in a film are __________ .
A. recorded during filming B. recorded in the studios
C. made in simple ways D. recorded before filming
7. Which person can make the restaurant look exactly the same in the next scene?
A. the makeup artist B. the prop master
C. the special effects coordinator D. the Foley artist
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8. The special effects coordinator can make __________ .
A. a fire start in the family’s kitchen
B. us hear a car accident outside the window
C. the hero’s skin look pale after his space flight
D. a man sit in a car from the 1990s
Task 2. Match each word with its definition. Write the answer in each blank.
1. director _____ A. very important
2. credits _____ B. one part of a film
3. scene _____ C. a place where films are made
4. crucial _____ D. a list of all the people who worked on a film
5. production _____ E. to change completely
6. transform _____ F. the making of a film
7. exclusive _____ G. involving only one specific thing
8. studio _____ H. the person who gives instructions to make a film
VI. Read the text, and mark the sentences T (true), or F (false), and correct
the false ones.
Outsider art: how it found its way in
Modem art can be strange. Here’s some of the work that’s turned up in galleries: a
sliced-up shark, a video of a wall falling down, a self-portrait made of wire and string,
lights going on and off. No wonder someone said about the modern art scene, ‘The
lunatics have taken over the asylum.’
And there’s also the rise of outsider art. What exactly is it? It’s art produced by people
who are on the edges of society: prisoners or people with mental illness, who are
untrained as artists.
They often have a history of institution (orphanage, asylum, prison), little or no
education and an obsession with art-making. Their work tends to show fantasy worlds
and extreme mental states, and it’s made of anything that comes to hand.
In the past, art meant oil paintings and watercolours. These were painted using a
canvas that was placed on an easel. The artist would do a sketch first, using a pencil
or perhaps charcoal. Then he or she would apply the paint with a paintbrush. In
contrast, outsider art can mean sculptures of gorillas made of tin foil, plastic Star Wars
figures glued to boards, chairs made of chicken bones and stuffed squirrels fitted with
angels’ wings.
So what’s happening now? It seems that outsider art is becoming insider art. At a
recent Venice Biennale, one of the world’s biggest art exhibitions, the main attraction
was an installation: Il Palazzo Encidopedico. This was a copy of a 1950s work by self-
taught Italian Marino Auriti (1891-1980). According to the Biennale’s artistic director,
Auriti had built ‘an imaginary museum that was meant to house all worldly knowledge
- from the wheel to the satellite’.
Why is outsider art suddenly popular? For several years there’s been a growing
interest in ‘alternative’ art: graffiti, collage, handmade objects, digital photography
and multimedia works. As a result, major museums and galleries are starting to
exhibit the work of self-taught artists and art dealers are capitalising. Among today’s
finest outsider artists are the Dutchman Huub Niessen, whose drawings are in
permanent collections all over Europe, and the Brazilian Marilena Pelosi, who says, ‘If I
didn’t draw, I would die.’
One of the earliest outsider artists was William Edmonson (1874- 1951). The son of
former slaves, Edmonson was a self-taught sculptor and the first African American to
have an exhibition at the Museum of Modem Art in 1937.

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Another outsider artist was Guo Fengyi (1942-2010), from China, who made ink
drawings. She had worked in a rubber factory but retired at thirty-nine because of ill
health. Later she began to have visions - for example, of imaginary beasts and angels
- which she included in her work.
1. Outsider art is produced by people who went to art school.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. Outsider art usually consists of oil paintings.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. William Edmonson is a recent outsider artist from the USA.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Guo Fengyi made art out of rubber.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. The Venice Biennale refuses to show outsider art.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. There is less interest in outsider art now than in the past.
________________________________________________________________________________
VII. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
MORE THAN A HOBBY
1 When Wallace Stevens walked into his office every morning, his colleagues didn’t
know about his secret: Steven lived a double life. By day he worked for an
insurance company. The rest of his life was spent becoming one of the greatest
American poets of the twentieth century.
2 Secret talent is more common than we think, even with people who are already
famous in one area. Take Luciano Pavarotti, who was one of the world’s greatest
classical singers. Not many people know that before he became a singer, he was
an outstanding football player. The same is true of TV chef Gordon Ramsay, who is
now well-known for his brilliant cooking and his bad language. Ramsay played
professional football for Glasgow Rangers, one of Scotland’s best teams.
3 A number of politicians first made their name in other jobs. Most people know that
Arnold Schwarzenegger had a very successful acting career before becoming
Governor of California. Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Great Britain, also had
another talent: he wrote great history books. Churchill’s books won him the Nobel
Prize in Literature in 1953. Vaclav Havel, who was the first president of the Czech
Republic, was also a great writer.
4 There are also musicians and actors who have secret talents. Paul McCartney and
David Bowie are both painters. Paul Newman was a racing car driver and actor
Colin Farrell is a professional line dancer. And only those who go to a little hotel
bar in New York City every Monday would know that one of the best clarinet
players in town is actor and film director Woody Allen. He certainly plays the
clarinet better than Bill Clinton plays the saxophone!

Task 1. Read the text again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1. The people in the text are famous for one thing, but also good at another thing.
2. Wallace Stevens’ colleagues didn’t know he was a poet.
3. Gordon Ramsay was a chef before he became a famous footballer.
4. Churchill and Havel were both actors and politicians.
5. Woody Allen plays the clarinet and the saxophone.
Task 2. Choose the correct meaning for the words and phrases from the
text.

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1 lived in a double life (paragraph 1)
a)had two very different lifestyles
b)had a difficult life
2 the same is true (paragraph 2)
a) this situation is very different from
b) this situation is very similar from
3 bad language (paragraph 2)
a) speaking badly about another person
b) saying bad words
4 made their name (paragraph 3)
a) became famous
b) learned to do something

VIII. Read the texts, and do the tasks that follow.

Alonzo Clemons
Alonzo Clemons is from Boulder, Colorado. According to Alonzo’s mother, Evelyn, he
was always trying to sculpt things as a baby, but she did not realise what he was
doing. And then, he got hold of some modelling clay and she soon realised that he had
a special talent. Before he could even feed himself or get dressed, he could make
models of animals that were correct in every detail.
As Alonzo grew, his ability to sculpt increased rapidly, but he did not develop other
skills which children normally learn. Some doctors call people like Alonzo ‘savants’.
They have a developmental disability like autism, a condition which makes it hard for
them to communicate or perform everyday tasks. But at the same time, they have a
skill which they can do incredibly well. In some cases, that skill involves maths or
memory; in other cases, music or painting. With Alonzo, it’s sculpture.
It takes only 45 minutes for Alonzo to complete a small work. Recently, however, he
has begun to do more ambitious projects. His most impressive work is called Three
Frolicking Foals. It took Alonzo just three weeks to complete this life-size of three
young horses. Like all of his work, they are anatomically correct in every detail.
In 1986, Alonzo exhibited his work for the first time. It was very popular and today, his
work is on constant display at a gallery in Colorado, USA. Alonzo’s special ability has
helped him deal with his autism. He is now able to communicate better and lead a
more independent life. He has a job and his own apartment, and he enjoys doing
weightlifting at the gym. But sculpture is still his main passion.
Richard Wawro
Tadeusz Wawro was an officer in the Polish Army who decided to settle in Scotland
after the Second World War. He married a Scottish primary school teacher called Olive
and together they started a family. Their son, Richard, was clearly unlike other
children from an early age. His behaviour was extremely repetitive: he would spend
hours playing the same note on the piano. He used to spend hours staring at the
illustrations in books. Schools refused to teach him because he was difficult. In those
days, little was known about autism, so Richard was simply described as being
mentally disabled.
Richard’s parents found a school for him when he was six, and his teacher there
discovered his talent for drawing. ‘What I saw was magic,’ she recalls. ‘I couldn’t
believe my eyes.’ Richard hardly spoke; his drawings were a form of communication.
He sketched pictures of his everyday life: his school bus, his breakfast, characters
from the television. He always drew from memory, and the details were always

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perfectly accurate. He drew so much that his parents had difficulty providing enough
paper.
In 1970, when Richard was eighteen, his works were exhibited for the first time in an
art gallery. The exhibition was reported on a BBC news programme, and his career as
an artist suddenly took off. Margaret Thatcher, who later become the British Prime
Minister, described him as her favourite artist, and before long, he was travelling
around the world. His favourite country to visit was the USA, because there he was
treated as an artist, not an artist with learning difficulties.
Task 1. Answer the questions.
1. What medical condition do both artists have?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. What amazing talent do they share?
_________________________________________________________________________________

Task 2. Read the text again. Choose the correct answers.

1. Alonzo Clemons __________ .
A. learned how to sculpt from his mother
B. could make detailed models at a very early age
C. had a talent which his mother immediately recognised
D. was very slow to learn how to put on his clothes
2. ‘Savants’ like Alonzo __________ .
A. all have fantastic memories
B. can communicate well
C. perform everyday tasks very quickly
D. have learning difficulties
3. When Richard’s parents found a school for him __________ .
A. his teachers sent him home
B. his talent wasn’t recognised for a long time
C. he communicated with his teachers through his drawings
D. he became interested in magic
4. American people __________ .
A. didn’t realise Richard had learning difficulties
B. considered Richard as just an artist
C. didn’t consider Richard to be a true artist
D. described Richard as their favourite artist
Task 3. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F) for each artist.
Clemons Wawro
1. He was born in Britain. ________ ________
2. His parents discovered his rare talent. ________ ________
3. He had an interest in art from an early age. ________ ________
4. He became popular as soon as his works were exhibited. ________ ________
5. He couldn’t communicate with people very well. ________ ________

IX. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.

Every month we feature a different artist. Here is a star from New Zealand who has
made a big name for herself
Bio

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Ella Marija Lani Yelich-O’Connor is a singer- songwriter, but she is better known by her
stage name, Lorde. The daughter of a well-known poet, Sonja Yelich, she grew 1
__________ in Auckland.
2
__________ the age of 12, she was spotted in a school talent show by someone from a
music company, and 3 __________ of this, she was offered a recording contract with
Universal Music in New Zealand.
Success
She became 4 __________ first female artist in 17 years to get to the top of the song
chart, and in 2014 she won two Grammy awards. 5 __________ was for the best song of
the year, ‘Royals’, and the other was for the best individual performance. She 6
__________ continued to win many more prizes since then.
Connecting with fans
Social media is an obvious way to stay in touch with your fans, and Lorde regularly
uploads photos to her Instagram account and writes about what she’s doing on
Twitter. One of her social media followers told her she wanted to do lots of school
projects about her. The artist replied, saying she really liked doing school projects and
she loved the idea that someone wanted to do one on her. By reading her comments
and posts, it’s easy to see why people love her. She sings about personal topics that
lots of people can relate to.
What's next?
Lorde released her second album, Melodrama, in 2017, which went to number one in
the album charts of the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. But as
she grows older, will she continue singing? Or will she do something completely
different, like acting or writing novels?
What do you think?
She’s just the best. She’s got the talent to do anything she wants. Go, Lorde!
@rainbows
There are so many singers who, after they finish their third album, fade away. She
seems really nice, though, and if she continues to work hard, she will be successful for
a long time.
@love34
I don’t know. She’s got a great voice, but that’s all. People will get bored of her and
someone else will appear. Musicians these days aren’t like the old greats.
@fl ea_pea02
Task 1. Read the article quickly and choose the best title.
a. Singer Lorde to make her acting debut in new film
b. Lorde - a rising star with a bright future
c. New Zealand pop star Lorde fails to achieve success abroad
Task 2. Read the first two paragraphs of the article again and think of the
word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
Task 3. Read the article again. Decide if each sentence is true (T), false (F)
or not mentioned (NM).
1. The singer uses part of her real name as her stage name.
2. The singer’s mother is famous for writing poetry.
3. She was the first female artist to get to number one in the charts.
4. The last awards she won were two Grammy awards.
5. She was upset that a fan wanted to do a project about her.
6. Lorde tries to reply to every social media message she receives from her fans.
7. Her second album hasn’t been very successful.
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8. Lorde is planning to write her first book next year.
Task 4. Match the words in bold in the text to their meanings.
1. _______________ the sounds someone makes when they speak or sing
2. _______________ a legal agreement signed by two people or companies
3. _______________ lists of the most popular songs or albums each week
4. _______________ slowly disappear
5. _______________ the name an actor or singer uses instead of their real name

X. Read the advertisements for courses and do the tasks that follow.
A Perform
Learn how to set up lights for a performance. We look at different positions for
lights and their special effects, including the use of colour. During the course,
you’ll design and build the lighting for the town’s summer show. There are ten
weekly classes on Saturday mornings.
B Create
This course on Mondays (18.30-20.30) is for anyone who wants to explore their
creative skills digitally, especially those who enjoy internet gaming. We look at 3D
techniques, cartoon drawing, and how to make a model and bring it to life. There’s
also an opportunity to learn about music and video editing.
C Be a star
Do you enjoy performing in school plays? This weekend course provides practical
tips for future careers in the theatre or television, and helps you prepare for that
important first role. This is a weekend course for anyone who wants to be a star.
Meals and refreshments are included in the course fee.
D Images
Learn how to improve your photography or turn your old family albums into
amazing digital books with easy-to-use software. The course includes some trips to
beautiful places, where you’ll get expert advice on taking better pictures. It is open
to all ages and takes place on Saturdays over eight weeks.
E Online 2
This course continues from Online 1 and in the same way it offers excellent
support material to work on at home, following this half-day Saturday class.
Building a website and communicating online isn’t difficult these days - but we can
direct you in making improvements to your website or online space, with help on
technical things.
F Design and play
Do you love playing computer games? Do you have ideas for your own games? If
the answer to these questions is yes, then this course is for you. It runs two
afternoons a week during the school holidays. You’ll leave with a game designed
by you.
G Get practical
You must have your own digital camera and be an experienced photographer to
attend this practical evening course. Learn how to take high-quality photos of
items such as clothes and make-up, for use online. Afterwards, you may even be
ready to earn some money.
H Style time
Do you know what looks good on you? Do you know how to choose the right make-
up and hairstyle? In this fun Saturday workshop, you’ll get answers to all these
questions, and more. We also offer celebration lunches if you’re here for a special
occasion! Discounts available for two or more people.
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Task 1. The people below all want to do a course. Decide which course would
be the most suitable for them.
1. Alison and her grandmother Nell both love working with cameras and computers,
and want to do a course together every weekend. Nell can drive them to different
locations.
2. Jasmine loves working on school plays and wants to learn more about technical
things in the theatre. She needs a course at weekends, where she can help on a
local project.
3. Tom wants to improve the design of his blog and add some stylish effects. He’d
like a course lasting a few hours, with additional practice to take away with him.
4. Susan wants to invite her best friend on a full-day course as a present. They enjoy
anything about clothes and personal appearance. Susan wants to have a nice meal
afterwards, too.
5. Nelson wants to learn about developing online games on an evening course. He’s
like to add music and animation to his own games site.
Task 2. Match the words and phrases in bold in the advertisements to the
meanings.
1. __________ relating to experiences or real situation rather than ideas or imagination
2. __________ think about something in order to find out more about it
3. __________ what you need for a particular activity
4. __________ images in a film which seem real but are created by artists and technical
experts
5. __________ make changes to a film, deciding what will be removed or kept in
XI. Read the text, and mark the sentences T (true), F (false) or NM (not
mentioned).
A young man dreams of a career in music. He gets a chance to record two albums, but
they don’t sell. For many years, he lives on very little money. He has no idea that in
the meantime his songs have become extremely popular in other countries, and that
his fans believe he’s dead.
It sounds like the stuff that fairy tales are made of, but it isn’t. It’s an incredible but
true story and this is only the half of it.
Sixto Rodriguez was the son of Mexican immigrants to the US. He released his first
album, Cold Fact, in 1970, and his second, Coming from Reality, a year later. But
nobody bought his music, so he had to do all kinds of jobs to survive. Life was hard for
him and his family.
In the meantime, his music was becoming a huge success in three countries on the
other side of the world: Australia, New Zealand and, in particular, South Africa. There,
Rodriguez was a huge star, more popular than the Rolling Stones. But there were
rumours that he was dead, and he himself had no idea about the success of his music.
Then, finally, in December 1994, 28 years after he released Cold Fact, a young South
African fan named Stephen ‘Sugar’ Segerman and Craig Bartholomew, a journalist,
wanted to find out more about Rodriguez. They started a website call The Great
Rodriguez Hunt, and had his face put on milk cartons in the US, with the question
‘Have you seen this man?’. Rodriguez’s daughter saw one and the rest is rock history.
In March 1998, he was invited on a big tour across South Africa. Rodriguez played six
concerts all over the country, in stadiums filled with thousands of young people who
knew every word to every one of his songs.
In 2012, Swedish film maker Malik Bendjelloul released the documentary film
Searching for Sugar Man. When the film got a nomination for an Oscar, the director
asked Rodriguez to come to the ceremony, but he refused because he feared all the

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attention would be on him and not the film-makers. The film has helped to make his
music successful around the world, but Rodriguez has remained very modest. He's
been living in the same simple house in Detroit for 40 years, and he doesn’t have a
car, a mobile phone or a TV.
1. Sixto Rodriguez’s parents were Mexican and he was born in Detroit, USA.
2. Lots of people knew his music in South Africa.
3. His daughter put a picture of him on milk cartons.
4. Twenty-eight years after Cold Fact, he played in front of thousands of fans in South
Africa.
5. Many people knew the lyrics of his songs.
6. The film about Rodriguez got a nomination for an Oscar, but it didn’t win.

7E. Speaking
• Everyday English
I. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: There’re an art exhibition in our town. B: a/ Let’s go and enjoy the scenes.
b/ Let’s go and see the paintings.
2. A: Do you like pop music? B: a/ I’m too busy to go to the
concert.
b/ I’m a big fan of Vpop.
3. A: Are you in hard rock? B: a/ My brother loves it much.
b/ To be honest, it’s so boring.
4. A: What are you reading? B: a/ I like the lead character much.
b/ It’s a bestseller of fantasy.
5. A: Why do you recommend the book? B: a/ It has a good message of
love.
b/ It doesn’t get good reviews.
6. A: Do you think graffiti is an art form? B: a/ It is made by vandals.
b/ It depends on how artistic it is
7. A: What are the themes of Dong Ho B: a/ They are animals and
paintings? everyday life.
b/ They are made with natural
colours.
8. A: I think Adele has got a sweet voice. B: a/ I’m not either.
b/ Me too.
9. A: How about the film review? B: a/ Critics say the film is
fantastic.
b/ Critics wrote a lot of comments.
10. A: Why didn’t he sign his names in his B: a/ Because he’s a forger.
paintings? b/ Because he’s sold it.

• Photo comparison and role-play

II. Look at the photos and read the texts describing each photo, and then
complete the dialogue below.

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Photo on the left:
'It's a live concert in a very big park in the city centre. The stage is decorated with
many lights, and the sound system is very good and modern. Thousands of people can
attend the show like that. I think it'll be a stunning performance.'
Photo on the right:
'It's a classical concert in the City Theatre. The theatre can hold over three hundred
people. The orchestra and the conductor are very well-known and professional. They'll
perform wonderful pieces of music composed by internationally famous composers.
But we don't understand or enjoy them, so we'll easily get bored and frustrated.'
A Look at the two photos of two different types of performance. Both photos show
music performances by professional musicians.
B Whereas the photo on the left shows
1
________________________________________________
_______________________, the photo on the right shows
2
______________________________
_________________________________________.
A At the live concert, the stage
3
______________________________________________________
B You’re right. For a performance at a park, thousands of people can attend the
show like that while the theatre can
4
_________________________________________________________________.
A I think for the classical concert, the orchestra and the conductor are
5
_______________________
_____________________________________.
B But we don’t understand or enjoy them, so we’ll easily
6
__________________________________. I’ll think the live performance at the park will
be 7_______________________________________.
A I agree with you. We’ll get two tickets for the live show.

III. Your penfriend is staying with your family in Ha Noi. Your family have
offered to take him / her to a show. Look at the photos and discuss with your
friend which show is more appealing and the reason to choose one show.
Read the texts and complete the dialogue.

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Photo on the left:
'The show of mime or dumbshow is held in the local art theatre. It is performed by a
mime team from a nearby college. The artists have their faces painted white or
they're wearing masks. The stage settings are very simple because the artists can
transform themselves into different objects through postures and movements. We'll
have an experience of 'actions speak louder than words'.'
Photo on the right:
'The water puppetry is a traditional art form, and it's considered a distinctive culture
identity of Viet Nam. It came into existence, developed and diversified over a
thousand years ago in the Red River Delta. Water puppetry shows the daily life of
villagers such as farming, fishing, romance and children playing. Now, the topics of
the plays are also chosen from ancient legends, myths and history.' A Look at the two
photos. Both of them show artistic shows in Ha Noi.
B I see. The photo on the left is the mime performance or a dumbshow. It has the
origin from the West.
A The mime is performed by
1
________________________________________________________.
The artists have 2_________________________________________________________________.
B We can see that the stage settings are very simple because the artists
3
_______________________
_________________________________________________.
A Right. We’ll have an experience of ‘actions speak louder than words’. I’m just
joking.
B But I’d like to have an experience of Vietnamese culture like puppetry.
A OK. The water puppetry is 4_________________________________________, and it’s
considered 5______________________________________________. It came into existence,
6
____________
_______________________________________.
B What are the topics or themes of the puppet shows?
A Water puppetry shows 7___________________________________________________________.
Now, the topics of the plays are also chosen
8
__________________________________________
B I’m in water puppetry now. Are both of us going to a show tonight?
IV. Complete the dialogue with the phrases below.
doesn’t appeal kind of thing particularly interested
really love sounds
Boy So, which acts do you want to see at the music festival? What about that new
folk group? I love that 1 __________ .
Girl No, thanks. It just 2 __________ to me. What about that jazz funk group? That 3
__________ more fun.
Boy I’m not 4 __________ in that sort of thing. There must be something we both like.
Girl What about that singer-songwriter? I’d 5 __________ to see him.
Boy OK. As long as you come to that rock group with me.
V. Complete the dialogue with the words below.
climate exhausting historical preservation result
sanctuary sites settlements so
used
Phong What are you doing your geography project on?

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Nick Well, I’m facing a bit of problem at the moment. I’ve found three UNESCO 1
__________ but I can’t decide which one I like best. What about you?
Phong Well, I’m writing about the M’Zab valley in Algeria.
Nick Where?
Phong The M’Zab valley. I found it on the UNESCO website. It says there are five 2
__________ which were built in the 10 th century in the Sahara desert but they’re
in a perfect state of 3__________ . And the people have also preserved their
1000-year-old heritage. As a 4__________ , it’s an important 5 __________ place.
Nick It sounds interesting but it would be too hot for me.
Phong Well, it says here ‘The criteria 6 __________ for the construction of the
towns meet the needs of people living in a hot 7 __________ .’
Nick What does that mean?
Phong That the towns are surrounded by big walls and the streets are narrow, 8
__________ the people are protected from the sun.
Nick Even so, the heat must be 9 __________ .
Phong Yes, but the local oasis acts as a 10 __________ from the sun. I think it
sounds fascinating.

7F. Writing
• A school magazine entry
I. Read the book review and do the task that follows.
One of my favorite books is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a novel written by
Mark Twain. Published in 1884, it’s set around 1840 in various locations along the
Mississippi River. The novel is written in the first person. Although it’s a kind of
adventure story, it follows the moral development of young man surviving difficult
circumstances.
The main character is the narrator, Huckleberry Finn. He’s a wild teenager from an
impoverished family that has abandoned him. He is adopted by a widow, who does her
best to turn Huckleberry into a respectable citizen. Although the hero of the novel
finds his new lifestyle unbearable, he puts up with it.
There is a turning point when Huckleberry’s aggressive father takes him away from his
new home. Huckleberry manages to escape from his father and sets off on a journey
of exploration down the Mississippi River. On his travels he meets Jim, a man escaping
from slavery. They share a lot of incredible adventures and Huckleberry starts
questioning the values of a society that treats fellow human beings as inferior.
All in all, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an appealing story. And although it is
full of light-hearted moments and gripping action, the author also uses the novel as a
vehicle to expose the stupidity of prejudice. This makes it an entertaining and
thought-provoking story that I would thoroughly recommend to anyone who is a fan of
the classics.
Underline the detail in the text which is used to:
1. talk about the book’s message
2. explain the plot
3. give factual information about the book
4. express an opinion of the book

II. Read the book review, and do the tasks that follow.
The Old Man and the Sea
a book review by Mai Nguyen

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1 The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel by the famous American writer Ernest
Hemingway. He wrote it in 1951 when he was 52 years old and it is one of his best-
known works. Three years later, Hemingway received the 1coveted Nobel Prize in
Literature.
2 It’s the story of an old fisherman called Santiago. After 84 days without catching a
fish, he is hungry, 2impoverished and alone. The other villagers avoid him
because they think his 3disastrous luck might make them unlucky too. Finally, his
luck changes and he hooks a 4huge marlin. After a long and 5exhausting
struggle, he eventually manages to bring it on board his boat. But his troubles are
not over. During a 6terrifying attack, sharks try to steal his catch. He succeeds in
fighting off the attackers. However, they eat the marlin, leaving him only the fish’s
skeleton. In the end, he loses the marlin but regains his pride and his friends.
3 I liked the book because the story is 7fascinating. I admired the character of
Santiago because he showed a lot of courage and perseverance. The moral of the
story is thought-provoking and the style of writing is simple and poetic. I would
definitely recommend it to you.
Task 1. In which paragraph does Mai:
A. give her opinion of the book?
B. describe what happens in the book?
C. give information about the book and its author?
Task 2. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false
sentences.
1. The main character in the book is 52 years old.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. In the story, Santiago catches a large shark.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Mai found the character of Santiago admirable.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. Mai says the book has funny and serious parts.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Task 3. Match the adjectives in bold in the text with its meaning.
a. frightening _________________ e. poor _________________
b. tiring _________________ f. desirable _________________
c. interesting _________________ g. large _________________
d. bad _________________
III. Read the notes about the film and complete the review.
Film watched recently: Friends Forever? (drama)
Setting: Preston, England
Main characters: Daisy Jennings, Layla Evans
Details: Daisy moves to Preston
Layla becomes Daisy’s friend
Layla: very popular
Layla starts to be horrible to Daisy
Daisy feels very sad
Film shows how relationships change
Opinion: Really liked the film
Positive ending / very happy

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I’d like to recommend a film that I watched recently called “Friends Forever?”. The
film is a 1_____________________ and the setting is Preston, England.
The main characters are 2_____________________. In the film, Daisy moves to Preston,
and Layla 3_____________________. Layla is 4_____________________ at school, but soon,
Layla starts 5_____________________. Daisy feels very sad. However, Daisy
6
_____________________ and starts to feel better.
On the whole, I 7_____________________. The film shows how relationships change. The
thing I liked most is 8_____________________ because it’s 9_______________________.
IV. Write the film review, using the following cues.
A Film Review
• What kind the film is: a Disney cartoon film
• What the title of the film is: Atlantis: The Lost Empire
• Who the film is directed by: Gary Trousdale and Kirk
Wise
• Who the main character is: a scientist named Milo Thatch
• Who the characters are played by: Milo’s voice is played by
Michael J. Fox
• A short description of the plot (the story): A rich man
gives Milo a submarine and a team of people to help him find the
Lost Empire of Atlantis. After some exciting adventures, Milo and his team find
Atlantis. But Atlantis is in trouble. Milo has to save it.
• Details of special effects/ costumes/ music, etc.: The music in this film is
amazing.
• What we think is good or bad about the film: The film is sometimes scary, but
it is very exciting.
• A recommendation (advice about whether your classmates should watch
this film and who will enjoy it): If you like action films and cartoons, you will
love Atlantis: The Lost Empire.
Answer:
Atlantis: The Lost Empire is

V. Write the film review of Yellow Flowers on the Green Grass, using the
notes given below.
Paragraph 1:
- I / recently / watched / a film / Yellow Flowers on the
Green Grass
- it / based on / Nguyen Nhat Anh’s best-seller / the same
title
Paragraph 2:

- the main characters / the two brothers / Thieu, a 12-year-old boy / and / his little
brother / Tuong, a 7-year-old boy
- the plot / the memories / the poor childhood
- the brothers / do everything together / playing in rice paddles / playing games...
- their days / filled / curious adventures
- then one day, Man, Thieu’s classmate / come / stay / their house for a while /
because / her house is on fire

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- because of jealousy / Thieu / do physical harm / Tuong / Tuong can’t stand up
- in order to meet his classmate, Nhi / Tuong / try to walk again / one day / he / run /
to find Nhi.
Paragraph 3
- I particularly enjoy / characters / theme of friendship
- many of the scenes / memorable / because / they / filmed / the beautiful
countryside / Phu Yen Province.
Paragraph 4
- All in all, I / really enjoy / the film
- I’d like / recommend this film / everyone / because / I think / all of us / to recall our
childhood.
I have recently watched a film called
The main characters are the two brothers:

I particularly enjoy the characters and

All in all, I really

REVIEW Unit 7
Vocabulary
I. Complete the sentences with the words below.
concert stage gallery still performance
1. Some people don’t really understand __________ art.
2. There’s a lovely __________ life painting in the dining room.
3. The first __________ musical I saw was Lion King.
4. The new __________ hall is beautifully designed.
5. The art __________ has an exhibition of Van Gogh’s paintings this summer.
II. Complete the sentences with the words below. There are two extra words
that you do not need.
poems composed playwright novels
sitcom scriptwriter drawing sculptures
1. It must be difficult for a __________ to convert the words of a novel into the
screenplay for a film.
2. The novelist Thomas Hardy wrote some fairly depressing __________ .
3. That sculptor creates enormous __________ of overweight figures.
4. Do you prefer the __________ of the romantic or the modern poets?
5. Arthur Miller is one of the most famous American __________ . He wrote the play
Death of a Salesman.
6. The composer Tchaikovsky __________ some very moving symphonies.
III. Choose the correct words.
1. Performance / Acting artists are very common in contemporary art exhibitions
nowadays.
2. Expensive works of art are often put in glass cases / boxes for exhibitions.
3. His drum apparatus / kit takes up a lot of space.
4. I can never tell what abstract paintings / art are supposed to represent.
5. That stage / scenery musical tells the story of the rock band Queen.
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6. Adele has become a household / family name nowadays.
7. The subject / topic matter of her paintings is often disturbing.
8. The stage hands / arms helped moved the scenery.

IV. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

1. It is a difficult piece of music, with numerous changes of harmony / tempo,
sometimes slow and sometimes fast.
2. Stephen came strolling in, whistling a beat / tune he had just heard on the radio.
3. With their catchy melodies / speeds, the songs are likely to be hits.
4. You need to feel the verse / rhythm of the music in order to dance properly.
5. The issue is about connecting the melody with the lyrics / tune and sharing
somebody else’s pain.
6. We enjoyed the steady chorus / beat of the drum.
7. They began to sing in perfect four-part harmony / beat.
8. You need to know when a verse / harmony ends and how long a chorus should
be.
V. Match the definitions to the words the below.
album rhythm lyrics track
download
rap dance music speakers number one fan
1. electrical devices used to allow you to hear sound or music
2. a collection of songs or pieces of music recorded together
3. the words to a song
4. the beat of the music
5. a type of electronic music which is intended for dancing to in clubs
6. the most popular song in the charts (with the most sales)
7. a way to access music which is stored online
8. one of several pieces of music on a CD or musical recording
9. someone who particularly likes a type of music
10. a type of popular music with a heavy beat and a vocalist speaking over the top
VI. Complete the text with the words below.
originality vision genius dedication
style success mature beauty
Picasso has always been the most famous child __________ in the history of art, but as
1

a boy he certainly never had the financial 2 __________ of Kieron Williamson, born in
2002, from Norfolk, England, who has already sold £1 million worth of paintings at the
age of eleven. Kieron’s paintings show the 3 __________ of the Norfolk countryside, and
he is often compared to the French artist Monet. However, as one art expert says,
‘They’re not just copies of other paintings. I can see real 4 __________ in his own
particular 5 __________ of painting, and he clearly has a unique 6 __________ of the
natural world, which comes out in his work.’ Kieron seems unusually 7 __________ for
his age when he talks about painting, and his 8 __________ is shown by the fact that he
tries to get up early every day and paint before school. He’s not sure that he’ll be a
painter when he grows up, though. ‘Painting is natural to me,’ he says, ‘but I might
become a footballer!’
VII. Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets.
What’s on?
Art

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1
__________ (strike) paintings by one of the most prolific 2 __________ (art) of the
twentieth century at the exhibition Picasso: Challenging the Past. The exhibition also
includes some of the painter’s lesser known 3 __________ (sculpt). On at the National
Gallery until June 7th.
Theatre
King Lear, written by the best-known of English 4 __________ (play), William
Shakespeare. The portrayal of the last scene, in particular, is horribly believable.
Atmosphere made realistic by superb 5 __________ (light) and music. Runs at the Arcola
Theatre until March 14th.
Music
6
__________ (conduct) Christopher Eschenbach leads the 7 __________ (music) of the
London Symphony Orchestra in their rendering of the German 8 __________ (compose)
Johannes Brahms Symphony No. 1. March 11th at the Royal Festival Hall.
Dance
A mixture of live 9 __________ (perform) and video suitable for 10 __________ (spectate) of
any age. On at the Place in Duke’s Road 13th and 14th March only.
VIII. Complete the text with the appropriate form of the words in brackets.
Punk
The punk scene in the late 1970s was a reaction by young people against the
conservative values of the times. It was expressed through music and fashion, and it
became extremely popular with the youth of the day.
The clothes certainly weren’t neat or elegant. They were clearly a(n) 1 __________
(alternate) style of dressing that was individualistic and, very importantly, 2 __________
(afford).
Older people considered the punk look 3 __________ (ridicule), and the clothes
laughable, but young people embraced the look with enthusiasm. Ripped clothes soon
became 4 __________ (fashion), and it was fine and match, wearing checked pants with
a striped T-shirt, for instance.
5
__________ (jewel) consisted of chains and safety pins - often worn through the nose!
It wasn’t a(n) 6__________ (glamour) look, but that was exactly the point - to be as
different from the mainstream trends of the time as possible. The irony of the
situation, though, was that punk itself eventually became a mainstream trend, with 7
__________ (design) selling expensive punk fashion to wealthy 8 __________ (shop) from
comfortable middle-class homes.

Grammar
IX. Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
1. People are buying more electric cars now.
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. They built a bridge over the river last year.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. The police have caught the criminals.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. The teachers had already written the new exams.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. They will award prizes later.
_________________________________________________________________________________
X. Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in
brackets.

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1. We __________ (delay) by a long traffic jam on our way here today.
2. The letter __________ (post) two days ago.
3. When they arrive, they __________ (drive) across town in a limousine.
4. The new song __________ (record) at the studio today.
5. The photos __________ (take) before they moved to their hometown.
6. The book __________ (write) by the author Nguyen Nhat Anh.
7. Your passport __________ (check) at passport control.
8. The programme __________ (broadcast) when the power failed.
9. The criminal __________ (identify) by two witnesses last week.
10. The new park __________ (open) in our neighbourhood next week.

XI. Complete the text with the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
A new shopping centre 1 __________ (build) in Morton. It 2 __________ (start) three years
ago and this time last week it 3 __________ (still / paint). The opening should have been
last month, but it 4__________ (delay) until the centre was ready. The centre 5 __________
(finally / finish) two days ago, and yesterday it 6 __________ (open) by the town mayor.
The building is very unusual and 7 __________ (design) by Dan Farley, one of the best
young architects in the UK. It has many shops, restaurants, and a cinema, and 8
__________ (use) by people from as far as Denby. A centre like this 9 __________ (need)
in Morton for a long time and 10 __________ (welcome) by the local people.

XII. Choose the correct words.

Mobile phones 1use / are used by over 2 billion people all over the world today. But
who 2were they invented / did they invent by?
Mobile phone technology 3was first developed / developed first by American
telecommunications company AT&T, but the inventor of the first hand-held mobile
phone 4considered / is considered to be Martin Cooper of Motorola. He 5made /
was made the first mobile phone call on April 3 1973.
Since then mobile phones 6have become / have been become cheaper and much
more accessible to the general public. In the United States mobile phones 7owned /
are owned by 50% of children and nearly 3 billion dollars per year 8spends / is
spent on commercial ring tones.

XIII. Put the words in the correct order.

1. new TV / their / having / tomorrow / delivered / They’re
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. pierced / eyebrow / yesterday / Alice / had / her
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. living room / going / decorated / have / to / We’re / our
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. her / has / reduced / nose / Jane / had
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. hair / is / black / his / Michael / dyed / having
_________________________________________________________________________________

XIV. Rewrite the sentences about Mr and Mrs Brown’s new house with the
correct form of have something done.
1. Some builders repaired the roof last month.

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 They .
2. A plumber fitted a new shower.
They .
3. An electrician has serviced the centre heating.
They .
4. Some decorators are decorating the house.
They
5. A painter is painting the front door.
They .
6. Some cleaners are going to clean the whole house.
They .
7. A gardener is going to cut the grass.
They .
XV. Complete the text with the correct get / have something done forms of
the verbs below.
build clean complete design do
The Egyptian government is __________ a study __________ to see if they can build
1 2

the underwater museum Alexandria without damaging the monuments and artefacts
in the sea during construction work. They’ve also 3 __________ a building 4 __________ by
the French architect Jacques Rougerie. They are confident that they can 5 __________
the building 6_________ in three years. The authorities are going to 7 __________ two
parts 8 __________ : one on land and one underwater. Four tall structures like sails will
stand at the entrance. The sails will represent the sailing boats that have travelled up
and down the Nile since ancient times. The government will also 9 __________ the water
of the bay 10__________ , as it is very muddy at the moment.
XVI. Complete the sentences using the correct form of have something done
and the clues in brackets.
1. We __________ (the bedroom / redecorate) at the weekend.
2. We __________ (the car / check). It was done last week.
3. We __________ (the windows / clean) every week.
4. We __________ (the grass / cut) while we’re away next week.
5. I __________ (my work / check) before I send it off.
XVII. Rewrite the sentences using have something done.
1. Somebody cleaned our carpet last week.
We .
2. Somebody has repaired my bike.
I .
3. Nobody installed a new shower for him.
He .
4. Somebody is going cut my sister’s hair.
My sister .
5. Is somebody examining Lan’s arm?
Is Lan ?
6. Nobody has tested my eyes for a long time.
I .
7. Somebody is painting their house.
They’re .
8. Is somebody going to take your photo?
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 Are you ?
XVIII. Complete the dialogue using the clues in brackets and the correct
form of have something done.
Lan Look at Ann! What do you think of her new look?
Daisy I think she looks awful. 1 ____________________ (she / her hair / cut)?
Lan Yes, I think so. And 2 ____________________ (she / it / dye), too.
Daisy And her face looks different. 3 ____________________ (she / her nose / not reduce),
has she?
Lan I don’t know. Maybe. There’s something strange about her mouth, too. 4
____________________ (she / her teeth / whiten)?
Daisy Yes, that’s it. And her lips are bigger, too.
Lan But what about that dress? 5 ____________________ (she / it / make) especially for
the party?
Daisy That’s what she said. Do you like it?
Lan Not really. I think it makes her look older. And I don’t know where 6
____________________ (she / her make-up / do) because it’s really bad.
Daisy What a waste of money! I think she looked better before.

Word Skills
XIX. Complete the sentences with some-, any-, every- or no-.
1. ‘Have you seen my bag? I can’t find it __________ where.’
2. Shall I buy him __________ thing for his birthday?
3. ‘Who’s at the door?’ —‘ __________ one. You’re imagining things.’
4. Keep looking for Mai. Has __________ one seen her?
5. Where have you been? I’ve looked __________ where.
XX. Complete the sentences with correct indefinite pronouns.
1. If you could visit __________ in the world, where would you go?
2. Do you think the world would be better or worse if __________ ever travelled by
plane?
3. Would you prefer to live __________ very hot or __________ very cold?
4. Do you think __________ will ever travel backwards or forwards in time?
5. Does __________ know where the bus stop is?
6. We arrived in plenty of time because __________ gave us a lift.
7. Let’s go __________ different on holiday this year.
8. That suitcase is very light because there’s nearly __________ in it.
9. There’s __________ to sit on this bus. It’s packed.
10. The flight attendant gave us __________ to eat during the flight. It was delicious.
XXI. Choose the correct answers.
1. I phoned his number but anybody / nobody answered.
2. I know my wallet is here somewhere / anywhere. I remember bringing it in with
me.
3. Nothing / Something will make me change my mind. I’m sorry.
4. Has nobody / anybody seen the new James Bond film?
5. I didn’t go nowhere / anywhere on holiday last year.
XXII. Correct the incorrect sentences.
1. There isn’t nobody on the train.
_________________________________________________________________________________

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2. I haven’t got something to wear to the party.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Anna doesn’t want somebody to see her crying.
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Can I have anything to eat?
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. I want to spend our holidays somewhere hot.
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. Please sit nowhere.
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. Has somebody seen my sunglasses?
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. Would you like something to drink?
_________________________________________________________________________________

XXIII. Tick (✔) the correct sentences and rewrite the incorrect ones.
1. Would you like something to eat?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. He’s hungry because he didn’t have something for breakfast.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Can I have anything to drink?
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. We were tired but we didn’t have nowhere to sleep.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Has somebody seen my passport?
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. I’ll move anywhere as long as it’s out of the city centre.
_________________________________________________________________________________
7. There was nothing on the TV, so we turned it off.
_________________________________________________________________________________
8. There wasn’t nobody at the art gallery.
_________________________________________________________________________________

XXIV. Use some-, any-, every-, and no- to complete the sentences in each
group.
1. -thing
a Before you wash your trousers, check that there’s __________ in the pocket.
b They lost __________ when their house burned down.
c I didn’t buy __________ for lunch.
d My aunt has given me __________ to wear. It’s beautiful.
2. -where
a Let’s go __________ more private.
b There’s __________ to sit on this train. It’s really full.
c We never go __________ hot for our holidays.
d I hate going into town on Saturday - __________ is so crowded.
3. -body
a Does __________ remember the way home?
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 b I think the shop is closed. There’s __________ inside.
c I couldn’t lift my bags onto the train on my own __________ had to help me.
d Don’t worry - __________ makes mistakes sometimes.
XXV. Complete the dialogue with indefinite pronouns.
Sarah Look, 1 __________ must have taken that photo. I mean, 2 __________ has a
logical explanation.
Chris Perhaps 3 __________ went wrong with the camera.
Sarah It was in my bag when we went to bed!
Jim Maybe 4 __________ came into the tent during the night and took the photo.
Chris Was 5 __________ missing from your bag? Money?
Sarah No,6 __________ . 7 __________ is still here.
Chris I knew 8 __________ strange was going on. I’m sure I heard 9 __________ walking
around. Don’t you remember, Sarah?
Sarah Yes, I do remember. But I couldn’t see 10 __________ in the field.
Chris But even if 11 __________ in the field, that doesn’t really explain anything. How
did they open the tent without waking us up?
Jim And how did they find the camera? Perhaps they were looking for 12 __________
to steal.
Sarah But they didn’t take 13 __________ - and there was plenty of money in the
bag. It’s very odd. Are you sure it isn’t one of your jokes, Chris? 14____________
knows you love tricking people.

Use of English
XXVI. Complete the text with the correct words (A-D).
Weekend activities
I work hard through the week and I really look forward to my weekends. For me,
the best weekends are those when I go and 1 __________ some culture with friends,
family, or sometimes even alone. I love the theatre on a Friday night when the action
on the 2 __________ transports you to a different time, place or planet. The 3 __________
are often amazing, and the 4 __________ itself is cleverly designed to allow the actors to
appear and disappear as easily as possible. The opera is another option for a night
out, and some members of the 5 __________ even go so far as to 6 __________ their hair
styled for the occasion. However, the attraction of the opera is music itself, which
transmits the strong emotions the 7 __________ in the story are 8 __________ . During the
day many cities offer cultural activities in galleries and art museums. Whether you
prefer contemporary art with its controversial 9 __________ matter, or the more
classical 10 __________ of the Old Masters, there is always an exhibition to visit
somewhere.
1. A. get B. experience C. go D. have
2. A. screen B. theatre C. stage D. play
3. A. costumes B. suits C. clothes D. dresses
4. A. acting B. paintings C. pictures D. scenery
5. A. audience B. people C. spectators D. watchers
6. A. cut B. have C. do D. be
7. A. actresses B. characters C. figures D. men
8. A. sensing B. knowing C. moving D. feeling
9. A. subject B. topic C. theme D. issue
10. A. performances B. shows C. portraits D. recitals

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XXVII. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.
Use only ONE word in each gap.
Robert Burns
Robert Bums, Scotland’s greatest poet, was born in 1759. 1 __________ an early age he
had to help his father on his farm, as 2 __________ as attend school lessons. When he
was 22, he moved to Irvine, where he began to learn about making cloth. Shortly after
3
__________ arrival, the factory in which he was training was destroyed by fire, so he
started a farm with his younger brother Gilbert.
While he was living on the farm, he concentrated 4 __________ writing poems 5
__________ fell for a local girl, Jean Armour. Robert wanted to marry her, but her father
6
__________ not allow him to do so. This took Robert 7 __________ surprise, and since he
could not 8 __________ used to the idea of being unable to marry her, he decided to
leave the country. 9 __________ very little money, Robert had to obtain the fare for the
voyage by selling some poems. Just as he was about to leave, he 10 __________ advised
to publish some of the poems he 11 __________ written. He received a large sum of
money for the poetry and was then 12 __________ to get married to Jean.
XXVIII. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.
Use only ONE word in each gap.
You’re the worst!
There are awards for everything, from the MTV Music Awards and the Academy
Awards for films 1__________ Nobel Prizes in a range of fields including literature and
the sciences. You could, in fact, say that we have lots of awards that recognise the
achievements of those who set their 2 __________ on becoming the best in the world,
and succeed. But what about flops? Don’t they deserve 3 __________ own special
awards, too?
Welcome 4 __________ the Golden Raspberry Awards, also known 5 __________ the
Razzies, an award ceremony that is held in Los Angeles every year to recognise the
worst films, actors and directors 6__________ the planet. The ceremony is held one day
before the Academy Awards. In a remarkable achievement, Sandra Bullock won 7
__________ Golden Raspberry for Worst Actress in 2010 for her role in the film ‘All
About Steve’, and then won the Academy Award for Best Actress the following night
for her performance in ‘The Blind Side’. The Razzie might have brought her luck!
Bullock 8__________ a great sense of humour because not only did she happily accept
the Razzie in person, but she also handed out DVDs of ‘All About Steve’ to members of
the audience at the ceremony.

Reading
XXIX. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Britart
1 Young British Artists (or Britart) are a group of conceptual artists, painters,
photographers and sculptors based in London who became famous in the 1990s for
their ‘shock tactics’ - their use of strange materials and unusual subject matter.
2 Their first exhibition, called Freeze, was organized in 1988 by Damien Hirst, a
leading member of Britart who at that time was still a student at art college. The
exhibition was seen by a keen art collector, Charles Saachi, who bought one of
Hirst’s earliest installations: a glass case containing real flies and maggots feeding
off a rotting cow’s head. Saachi became an important supporter of Britart.
3 In 1997, a major exhibition called Sensation, held in the Royal Academy in London
and seen by over 300,000 people, brought Britart to the attention of a wide
audience. Damien Hirst exhibited a dead shark floating in a tank. Tracey Emin,
another famous artist, exhibited a tent which she had decorated with the names of
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 all the boyfriends she’d ever had. (Her most famous work, though, is My Bed, which
is actually her real-life, and rather messy, bed standing in the middle of an art
gallery.) Although the exhibition was a huge success, there were many public
complaints in the media, as a lot of the artwork was considered offensive or in bad
taste.
4 Since then, Britart has continued to dominate the British art scene, and it has
provoked endless ‘Is this art?’ discussions. People still can’t agree, and although the
artists have their supporters, they still receive a lot of criticism. However, their
exhibitions are always well attended. It will be interesting to see how long they can
continue to challenge our ideas of what art really is. Or will it all start to look
normal?
Task 1. Match the four headings A-E with the paragraphs 1-4. There is one
extra heading you do not need.
A. Success and scandal
B. Who are Britart?
C. Britart conquers the USA
D. Continuing debates
E. The beginning of Britart
Task 2. Match the phrases 1-8 from the text with their definitions a-h.
1. conceptual artists
2. shock tactics
3. strange materials
4. unusual subject matter
5. a keen art collector
6. a major exhibition
7. a wide audience
8. in bad taste
a. a person who enjoys collecting art as a hobby
b. lots of different types of people
c. the topic that the artist wants to address through his / her art
d. unusual things that a work of art is made of
e. artists who produce art in which the idea is considered to be more important
than the form
f. a large collection of works of art to display to the public
g. offensive or inappropriate
h. doing shocking things to grab people’s attention
XXX. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
How to start you own band
A lot of readers have been asking me for advice about how to put a band together, so
I thought it was time to write a post about my experience. Every band has a different
story, but hopefully some of the stuff below will be useful to you.
First, you’ve got to choose your band members. 1 __________ I was at college with a
great bunch of musicians, so I didn’t have to look far. You might not be so lucky, but
there are all sorts of other ways to find members. In fact, finding musicians isn’t as
hard as you think, as a lot of people want to be in a band. You can place ads in local
colleges, music shops, or even the local press if you’re willing to pay. Or just ask
around - friends, friends of friends. Do make it clear which musicians you’re looking for
though, so that you don’t waste people’s time. Drummers are always the hardest to
find!
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It's important that you play the music that feels right to you. Don’t just go for what’s
popular at the time - you need to play what you love. Your favourite bands and their
styles will obviously be an influence on you, and that’s fine. However, you need to do
something a bit different. Don’t just copy them. Mix and match until you find a sound
you all like. 2 __________
You don’t have to write your own songs. Some bands just play other people’s songs all
the time, and are quite happy with that. 3 __________ Not everyone has the musical
talent for this, but if one or more of you in the group do, you’re in luck. Maybe one of
you has a tune they created. Any of you can suggest ideas, and you can all use this as
a base to build on. Keep it simple at first, and you’ll get there eventually.
Finding a good place to practise is essential. There has to be enough space for the
band and all the gear, plus it has to be somewhere where the noise won’t bother other
people too much. A garage can be good, as long as there isn’t a car in it. Some towns
and villages have community rooms that you can use. 4 __________ Take your time to
have a look around. You’ll find somewhere eventually.
When you’re good enough, you’ll want to promote your band and start looking for
gigs. Setting up a website is easy nowadays, and you can do it for free. 5 __________
This will cost you, as you will need to book time in a studio. Get your songs as near
perfect as possible beforehand, because studio time is expensive. Three or four should
be fine - then upload them to your website so people can hear what you’ve got.
When you get your first gig, try to produce some promotional stuff - T-shirts, badges,
that kind of thing. They get your name ‘out there’, and most bands make more money
doing that than from playing live at the beginning. Work hard, practise and keep
writing new songs. Play at local venues and get to know other bands in your area - all
contacts are good contacts. 6 __________ Whether or not you ever make the big time,
being in a band is an experience worth having that you’ll remember all your life.
Task 1. Six sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from
sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence
which you do not need to use.
A. That way you’ll develop your own sound.
B. You can usually hire these by the hour.
C. Above all, enjoy yourself.
D. Apart from that, motivation is the most important thing.
E. The main thing to do, however, is to record a demo.
F. But if you want to make it big, you need your own material.
G. For me, that was the easy part.
Task 2. Read the text again, and decide whether the sentences are true (T),
false (F) or not mentioned (NM).
1. It is difficult to find people to play in your band.
2. It’s OK to be influenced by other bands’ styles.
3. The best songs are usually created by the whole band.
4. You may have to pay for a room to practise in.
5. The best way to make money is to play concerts.
6. It’s good to use studio time to practise your songs.
7. Make friends with people doing the same sort of thing as you.
XXXI. Read the email, and decide whether the statements are true (T) or
false (F).
Dear Nick,
Hi! I hope you’re well. I’ve been really busy preparing an exhibition with some other
students from Art College. It’s going to be a mixture of photographs, paintings and
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drawings connected to the theme ‘Changing Britain’. I’m contributing some photos of
Peter. It was difficult to take them - he hates having his photos taken!
As you probably know, Peter has found a flat and moved out of our house. Actually, I
really enjoyed having him here, and I miss him. But I don’t think James - Peter’s uncle
- would have been very pleased if he’d stayed here much longer. Anyway, Peter is
now sharing a flat with two friends - Tom and Susan. Has he told you about Susan? He
met her on a train to Edinburgh, and then bumped into her again in the Princes Street
Gardens at dusk. How romantic! If he hadn’t spilt her coffee on the train, she probably
wouldn’t have remembered him. Now they’re really close friends - or maybe more
than friends.
I hope work is going better and you aren’t feeling so tired. What you need is a holiday
in England.
Love
David
1. David has painted some pictures for an exhibition.
2. James is pleased that Peter has found a flat.
3. There are three people living in Peter’s new flat.
4. David wants to know how Peter and Susan met.
5. Peter might be having a relationship with Susan.
XXXII. Read the text. Five sentences have been removed from the text.
Choose from sentences A-F the one that best fits each gap. There is one
sentence that you do not need.
A. Initially, the public was allowed to walk over this sea of seeds and pick them up.
B. The title of the installation by China’s most famous living artist, Ai Weiwei, is
Sunflower Seeds.
C. According to the artist, the sunflowers mean more than one thing in Chinese
culture.
D. Now, visitors are only allowed to view the installations from the sides of the
gallery.
E. The exhibition has not been well received by the public.
F. However, the amazing thing is that the seeds are not what they seem.
The huge gallery called the Turbine Hall at London’s Tate Modem Art Museum is home
to a new installation for the next few months. It looks as if the entire floor of the
gallery has been covered with small grey pebbles, turning it into a vast beach. But
they are not pebbles. 1 __________ And that is precisely what is there. A hundred million
sunflower seeds have been spread out over the floor of this vast, industrial space.
That in itself does not sound particularly artistic. 2 __________ Each seed was actually
hand-made from porcelain by Chinese craftsmen and women. Sixteen hundred
artisans, working every day for two and a half years, produced all these millions of
tiny, unique works of art. Some of the artisans struggled to understand what they
were making, but they were paid more than their usual daily wage and are now asking
Ai Weiwei if they can be involved in his next project.
3
__________ Not only are the seeds a common Chinese street snack, but they also
represent the Chinese people. During the time of the Cultural Revolution, President
Mao called his people ‘sunflowers, always turning their faces to follow the sun’. The
sun, of course, was the President Mao himself.
Unfortunately, a problem has arisen with this latest installation. 4 __________ However,
it soon became apparent that this created a fine dust, which could be dangerous if
people breathed in too much of it. 5__________ Nonetheless, it is still impressive, and
the gallery is expecting thousands of curious visitors.

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 Unit 8: Cities
8A. Vocabulary
• Cities: People, Places, City problems
I. Complete the sentences with the words below.
visitors overpopulation antenna tower commuter
residents
boulevards air pollution street vendors pedicab immigrants
1. Jewellery, leather and clothes are offered by __________ at every comer.
2. Her parents were first-generation __________ from Viet Nam.
3. Three quarters of the island’s __________ speak English.
4. There has been a steady decrease in the number of __________ to the museum.
5. He was a regular __________ between Cambridge and London.
6. The __________ suddenly collapsed while two workers were working high on it.
7. It is a city of broad __________ and spacious parks.
8. A(n) __________ is a bicycle with three wheels, with a covered seat at the back of
passengers, used as a form of taxi.
9. Family planning has helped prevent __________ .
10. In 2000, it was estimated that __________ from various sources contributed to 3
million deaths worldwide.

• Means of transport
II. Study the bold words in sentences 1-7. Then match them to definitions a-
g.
1. Last summer, I went on a trek through the Alps.
2. I also went on a ten-day voyage around Antarctica, whale watching.
3. I’m not an explorer. I’ve never been on a polar expedition.
4. I also prefer a short trip on weekends away to local places.
5. A flight to Thailand would produce a lot of CO2.
6. They go on a coach tour which stop off at popular tourist attractions.
7. They go on a planned excursion to crowded museums.
a. a journey by air
b. a long journey which is often scientific
c. a long journey in a ship or a spacecraft
d. a difficult walk, lasting several days or weeks
e. travelling from place to place with an organized group
f. a short outing to one place for pleasure
g. a short or long journey for business or pleasure
III. What type of transport are the people talking about? Complete each
blank with the words below.
lorry ship taxi hot air balloon
coach speedboat motorbike underground
1. ‘I always call one to get home at night.’
2. ‘I use it every morning to get to work. The roads are full of cars, so it’s the best way
to travel.’

3. ‘It’s my dream to travel in one of these, to feel the wind in my face and look down
at the world below. ’

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4. ‘We enjoy touring foreign cities in them. They are perfect for groups of thirty or
forty people.’

5. ‘I drive it for twelve hours a day. It’s my job. I transport products for food
companies across the country.’
6. ‘I can take you to my house. It’s big enough for two people and I have two
helmets.’
7. ‘It’s the fastest way to travel on water. I use mine for waterskiing.’
8. Tn the past, everyone used these to visit other continents. It took three weeks to
get to the USA. Now this type of travel is only for rich people.’

• Travel: places
IV. Complete the sentences with the words below. There are two extra words
you do not need.
carriage lockers motorway ticket inspector luggage rack
runway gate aisle departure lounge flight attendant
1. We took our bag onto the coach and put it on the __________ .
2. We couldn’t find the tickets when the __________ asked for them, so we had to pay
again.
3. Our journey was very comfortable because we had seats in the first-class __________
4. The coach to Ho Chi Minh City leaves from __________ 10.
5. There was little traffic on the __________ so the coach arrived early.
6. We bought some presents from the shops in the __________ before we went to the
gate to board.
7. The __________ brought us some free drinks because the flight was so late taking
off.
8. There were no seats left on the train, so we had to stand in the __________ for the
whole journey.
V. Complete the sentences with the below.
seat aisle luggage traffic jam
change check-in desk journey platform
passport control track carriages coach
Peter’s worst travel experience was the __________ home after a school reunion in
1

Norwich, England. The train company was doing work on the 2 __________ , so he had to
get his first train at 7 am, 3 __________ trains in Ipswich and then later get a 4 __________
into London. His first train was delayed, so he spent 30 minutes waiting on the 5
__________ . Then, on the train, he couldn’t find a 6__________ because all the 7
__________ were full. Eventually, they arrived in Ipswich and he had to run for the next
train. The problems continued when they got on the coach, because everybody had
left their 8 __________ in the 9 __________ and it was difficult to find somewhere to sit.
Finally, they set off, but as they approached London, there was an enormous 10
__________ . Two hours later they arrived at Liverpool Street Station, where he ran to
take the Underground to the airport. He arrived at the 11 __________ two minutes before
it closed, but then there was a long queue of people at the 12__________ . The only
reason he got on that plane was because there was another delay, but this time he
didn’t mind.

• Vocabulary for Reading

VI. Complete the sentences with the below.

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 attain mainstream extraordinary pave
autonomous
alert rollout cost-effective outfit
innovation
1. Since its __________ in fall of 2000, the online service has gained millions of
members.
2. The company is very interested in product design and __________.
3. Data from the space flight should __________ the way for a more detailed
exploration of Mars.
4. That army tried to __________ all its soldiers.
5. Most of the students __________ five ‘A’ grades in their exams.
6. Higher education is relatively __________ from the British government.
7. I’m not feeling very __________ today - not enough sleep last night.
8. It wouldn’t be __________ to buy an expensive new computer when all you want to
do is store your photos.
9. She has a(n) __________ memory and can remember details and names that I’ve
long forgotten.
10. They made the clothes suitable for normal people: less high-fashion and more
__________

• Collocations: verb + noun

VII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below.
ride reach book leave stay at
hire check in hail miss board
1. I overslept and __________ the train.
2. __________ two hours before the flight.
3. Never __________ your luggage unattended.
4. The couple __________ the train to Ha Noi yesterday.
5. The tourist attractions in our city can be __________ by public transport.
6. I __________ my aunt’s house for a couple of weeks last year.
7. The hotel doorman will __________ a taxi for you.
8. I __________ a bicycle to school every weekday.
9. The best way to explore the island is to __________ a car.
10. Have you __________ a holiday this year?

• Formal style
VIII. Rewrite the sentences in a more formal style by replacing the
underlined words with the words or phrases below.
ahead of schedule appreciate approached approximately
complimentary in due course inform refreshments
regret remain requests
1. You will receive notification of the results later.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Admission to the dance is 400,000 VND, and free foods and drinks are provided.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. I understand that it’s a difficult decision for you to make.
_______________________________________________________________________________

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4. The pilot asks that passengers stay seated until the aircraft has come to a
complete stop.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. I arrived at Phong’s house about half an hour early, and it caused him a little
inconvenience.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. As I got nearer the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. I am sorry to tell you that you didn’t get the job.
_______________________________________________________________________________

• Holiday activities
IX. Complete the sentences with the words below.
kayaking skiing scuba diving fishing
Swimming horse riding hiking mountain biking
1. __________ is the basic sport for all other water sports.
2. The swimmer uses swimfins, a diving mask, weights, and a diving regulator as in
__________ .
3. As a beginner of __________ , you’ll have a lot of difficulty riding over rocks, across
streams, and over all types of different rough land.
4. The tourists took part in a trip using __________ to explore the bay.
5. That national park is a great place to go __________ and mountain biking.
6. Besides painting, Tom and his wife share a passion of __________ at natural lakes.
7. At the end of the holiday at the mountain resort, they spent a day of downhill
______.
8. As soon as he could walk he would be taught to ride, because __________ was
inseparable from cowboys in Texas.

• Holiday accommodation
X. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases below.
caravan site B&B campsite self-catering
apartment
villa hostel hotel holiday camp
1. A __________ is a building where people stay, usually for a short time, paying for
their rooms and meals.
2. A __________ is a building that provides cheap accommodation and sometimes
meals to students, workers or travellers.
3. A __________ is a flat which provides you with accommodation and the equipment
that is necessary to cook your own meals.
4. A __________ is an area of land where people can park their vehicles in which they
can live and sleep when they are on holiday.
5. A __________ is a place that provides accommodation and entertainment for large
numbers of people who are on holiday.
6. A __________ is a place where people on holiday can put up their tents, park their
caravans, etc., often having toilets, water, etc.
7. A __________ is a big house in the country with a large garden or a house that you
use or rent while you are on holiday.

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8. __________ is a service that provides a room to sleep in and a meal the next morning
in private houses and small hotels.

8B. Grammar
• Third conditional
I. Choose the correct verb tenses.
1. If you have got / had got up earlier this morning, you wouldn’t have missed the
bus.
2. We wouldn’t come / wouldn’t have come to the cinema if we’d known this film
was on.
3. If I would have / had had your phone number, I’d have called you.
4. They would have stayed / would stay at the beach if it hadn’t rained.
5. She wouldn’t have got into trouble if she would have forgotten / hadn’t
forgotten her homework.
6. We might have / might have enjoyed the meal if the waiter hadn’t been so
rude.
7. If you had understood / understand the question, you might have given the
right answer.
8. They would have been very cold if they didn’t take / hadn’t taken their coats.
9. Susan would have visited / will visit more places if she had had enough time.
10. If the acting was / had been better, that could have been a great film.
11. If Phong didn’t get up / hadn’t got up so late, he might not have missed the
bus.
12. You wouldn’t have met / wouldn’t meet your favourite actor if you hadn’t
gone to the theatre that evening.
II. Complete the third conditional sentences with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
1. We __________ (win) if we’d played better.
2. If she __________ (not become) a singer, she’d have been an actress.
3. I __________ (not eat) that sandwich if I __________ (see) you dropped it on the floor.
4. If they hadn’t travelled to the USA, they __________ (not visit) many famous tourist
attractions there.
5. She __________ (not leave) the room if you __________ (not be) rude to her this
morning.
6. If that picture __________ (be) for sale, I’d have bought it.
7. You __________ (be able) to afford the jacket if you __________ (not spend) all your
money on CDs.
8. She __________ (not fail) her exams if she __________ (work) a bit harder.
III. Match the sentence beginnings 1-5 and the endings A-E.
1. If I had gone to the supermarket,...
2. If I had borrowed money from my dad, ...
3. If I had retaken my exams,...
4. If I had studied to be a doctor, ...
5. If I had gone to Japan,...
A. I would have passed them the second time.
B. I would have spent a lot more money.
C. I would have had to pay him back quickly.
D. I would have been late for work.
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 E. I would have had to train for six years.
IV. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the third
conditional. You will need to supply appropriate modal verbs.
1. If you __________ sooner, you __________ dinner with us. (arrive, eat)
2. __________ your parents __________ you the money if you __________ them? (give,
ask)
3. We __________ happy to give you a lift if we __________ you needed one. (be, know)
4. My dog __________ if there __________ someone outside. (not bark, not be)
5. Jack _____________ his place in the team if he _________________ harder. (not lose,
train)
6. The wolves _______________ if we _________________ a fire. (go away, light)
7. Our street __________ flooded if the rain __________ . (be, not stop)
8. If she __________ so nervous, she __________ the oral test. (not be, pass)
9. How __________ you __________ home if you __________ the last train? (get, miss)
10. We __________ her some flowers if we __________ it was her birthday. (buy, know)
V. Rewrite the sentences as third conditional sentences using the facts
given.
1. They didn’t go to the beach because it wasn’t sunny.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. I didn’t make a pizza because I didn’t have any flour.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. She didn’t buy you a present because she didn’t know it was your birthday.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. We couldn’t pay for dinner because you didn’t bring your credit card.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. They didn’t go skiing because it didn’t snow.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. I didn’t invite you to my party because I didn’t have your number.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. She didn’t tell me the time of her train, so I didn’t go to see her off.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. I didn’t have lunch because I wasn’t hungry.
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. You told him it was a great book, so he bought it.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. He failed the test because he hadn’t studied hard.
_______________________________________________________________________________

VI. Make third conditional sentences using the words given. Remember to
use a comma (,) where necessary.
1. They / run out / of petrol / if / they / not stop / at the last petrol station.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. If / they / not leave / home earlier / they / get stuck / in a traffic jam.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. He / break / his leg / if / he / fall off / the stepladder.
_______________________________________________________________________________

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4. If / Jack / not spend / all his pocket money / he / be able to / afford / a new MP3
player.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. If / we / go / to the right gate / we / not miss / the flight.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. If /I / have / a motorbike / last summer /I / travel / around the country.
_______________________________________________________________________________

VII. Read the text and complete the sentences.

Kevin: ‘I didn’t study much at school, so I didn’t pass my exams. I found it difficult to
find a job because I didn’t have any qualifications. I worked as a labourer until I hurt
my back. I lived with my mother because I didn’t earn enough money. I didn’t meet
many girls because I couldn’t go out. I got married very late so I didn’t have any
children. I never went abroad because I was always broke. I’ve had a hard life.’
0. If he had studied more at school, he would have passed his exams.
1. If __________ some qualifications, he __________ a job more easily.
2. If __________ as a labourer, he __________ his back.
3. He __________ with his mother if __________ more money.
4. He __________ more girls if __________ to go out.
5. If he __________ earlier, he __________ children.
6. He __________ abroad if __________ broke.

• Participle clauses
VIII. Choose the correct answers.
1. Computers buying / bought before 2021 don’t have Windows 11.
2. Emails sending / sent from this computer sometimes get lost!
3. The musical opening / opened next week is by a famous composer.
4. The train arriving / arrived at platform ten is the 9.23 am to London Waterloo.
5. The episode showing / shown yesterday was brilliant.
6. The prisoner wanting / wanted by the police was seen in a nightclub yesterday.
7. The girl sitting / sat at the desk by the window only started here last week.
8. People using / used mobile phones abroad have to pay a lot more than they do at
home.

IX. Combine each pair of sentences using a participle clause.

1. I found a cat. It was hiding in a box.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. The documentary was very interesting. It was shown last night.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. The girl is my best friend. She’s playing the lead role in the play.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. The museum is beautiful to look at. It was designed by my grandparent.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. I bought the book. It was advertised on TV.
_______________________________________________________________________________
X. Rewrite the sentences using present participles. Two of the sentences
can’t be changed.

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1. Because I trained hard, I got back on the team.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Since we were living in London for six months, we had a chance to practise our
English.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. As he doesn’t come to training, the coach wants him to leave the team.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. When he finished the race, he quickly drank a bottle of water.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. While I cooked lunch, I listened to the radio.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. Because I disagreed with team tactics, I had to speak to the captain.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. While she was swimming, she hurt her foot.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. When the speaker finished the speech, I congratulated her.
_______________________________________________________________________________
XI. Combine the two sentences. Use a shortened relative clause.
Example: Was that your brother? He was talking to Sue.
Was that your brother talking to Sue?
1. The insurance company have replaced the vase. It was broken by the removal men.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. I can’t find the address book. It contains all my friends’ contact details.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. The police have arrested the woman. She was seen shop-lifting on CCTV.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. I’ve got a photo of my grandad. He’s driving an old Mercedes.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. I live in a farmhouse. It was built in 1902.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. The man was a climate change scientist. He lived next door.
_______________________________________________________________________________
XII. Join the sentences, using reduced relative clauses.
1. His novel was made into a film. It was first serialized in a magazine.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Young readers should try this website. They are looking for good sources of
knowledge.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Many books are unknown to most people. These books are on university literature
courses.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travel is still popular today. It was published in the 18 th
century.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Only lucky readers will meet the author. They have been given an invitation.
_______________________________________________________________________________

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6. The Tale of Genji was written by Murasaki Shikibu. It was one of the world’s first
novels.
_______________________________________________________________________________
XIII. Use the words in brackets to write sentences beginning with there is/
was, there are / were.
1. I want to study English literature. (some courses / start at the university)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. The library was full. (lots of students / revise for their exams)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. The pages of the book were blank. (nothing / write in it)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. We didn’t understand anything. (article / translate badly from French)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. There’s a book festival in the city centre. (writers / sign autographs)
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. The 20th century was a golden age of Vietnamese literature. (lots of writers /
produce good material)
_______________________________________________________________________________
XIV. Choose the correct conjunction or preposition.
1. Despite / Since appearing to be calm, most people using the Underground tend to
be in a hurry.
2. Refuse to look after someone else’s luggage if / once asked.
3. Remain seated when / until told to stand up.
4. While / Despite living in London, we learned a lot about using the Underground.
5. It’s advisable to have small change or the correct money after / when buying a
ticket in rush hour.
6. Once / After closed, the door will lock automatically.
7. Please buy a ticket before / since proceeding to the ticket barrier.
8. You shouldn’t use the London Underground for the first time on / without
consulting a map.
XV. Complete the text with the correct participle form of the words below.
approach be enter hold up lose
reach see sit speak travel
When __________ on the London Underground, there are some important rules to
1

observe. You should walk at a comfortable pace without 2 __________ the regular
commuters. For example, on 3__________ the escalator, keep to the right if you want to
stand. It’s a good idea to consult a tube map before 4 __________ the platform to avoid
confusion, as this may cause a delay for other passengers behind you. Not queuing in
an orderly fashion is very much frowned upon. If 5__________ be jumping the queue,
other people will get annoyed with you. When the train arrives, be sure to let
passengers get off before 6 __________ the carriage. If 7 __________ down in the carriage,
it is polite to give your seat up for older people, who may need it more than you do.
Despite 8__________ very crowded most of the time, people are not very friendly or
talkative. Only speak when 9 __________ to, and if possible avoid asking fellow
passengers for help if you get lost. (If 10__________ , get off the train and consult the
nearest tube map.)
XVI. Complete the text with the correct participle form of the verbs in
brackets.
Britain’s Got Talent
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The history of the British TV show Britain’s Got Talent, first 1 __________ (show) in 2007,
suggests that singing and dancing are Britain’s favourite forms of popular culture.
Every year, the forty contestants, 2 __________ (perform) in front of a live audience,
compete over the course of a week, 3__________ (end) with the final. The winner, 4
__________ (decide) by the TV audience’s phone votes, receives £500,000 and the
chance to perform at the Royal Variety Performance, 5 __________ (attend) by the
Queen. The first winner was Paul Potts, 6 __________ (sing) opera classics such as
Nessun Dorma. The following year’s winner was fifteen-year-old street dancer George
Sampson, 7__________ (win) the audience’s votes and hearts with a fantastic dance
remix of Singin ’ in the Rain. The winner in 2009 was expected to be singer Susan
Boyle after her stunning audition, 8__________ (watch) by 100 million people on
YouTube. However, the surprise winners that year were the dance group, Diversity, 9
__________ (follow) in the next two years by a gymnastic group, and a Scottish singer.
But the biggest surprise was the 2012 series, 10 __________ (win) by a seventeen-year-
old girl and her dog, 11 __________ (do) a variety of tricks, including dancing.

• Infinitive clauses
XVII. Complete the sentences with the correct infinitive clauses using the
verbs given. Each verb can be used only once.
come read say catch hear
see do listen write eat
1. She has a plane __________ .
2. There is a lot of housework __________ .
3. Who wants something __________ for supper?
4. I expect Jane __________ to the meeting.
5. I am delighted __________ to some classical music.
6. I have some books __________ for the presentation.
7. I was surprised __________ of his illness.
8. I had some emails __________ to my friends yesterday.
9. I have nothing __________ about the problem.
10. It is lovely __________ you again.
XVIII. Rewrite the sentences using infinitive clauses, starting with the words
given. You will need to change some words.
1. Why did he ask that question? It was very strange.
It was a very strange .
2. Thank you for visiting me in hospital. It was very kind.
It was very kind of you .
3. Why did he make that remark? It was very rude.
It was .
4. I enjoyed flying in the plane. It was very exciting.
It was very exciting .
5. I’m pleased I saw her again. It was quite a surprise.
It was quite .
6. John gave £1,000 to the charity. It was very generous.
It was very generous of John .
7. I couldn’t ride the motorbike. It was difficult.
It was .
8. Why did you visit that place? It was very strange.

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 It was very strange of you .
9. Why did he do that? It was silly.
It was silly of him .
10. She gave the correct answers to all the difficult questions. It was smart.
It was smart of her .
XIX. Complete the sentences with a question word or whether followed by
an infinitive, using the idea in the question in brackets.
1. (Where should I buy the meat for the meal?)
I don’t know __________ the meat for the meal.
2. (Should I stay home or go to the cinema?)
Tom can’t decide __________ home or __________ to the cinema.
3. (How can I fix the machine?)
Jack doesn’t know __________ the machine.
4. (Should I look for another job?)
Jack is wondering __________ for another job or not.
5. (Where can I get the map of the city?)
Ann wants to know __________ a map of the city.
6. (Should I go to the meeting?)
David is trying to decide __________ to the meeting or not.
7. (What time do I have the English lessons?)
I need to know __________ the English lessons.
8. (What should I wear to the ceremony?)
I can’t decide __________ to the ceremony.
9. (How much coffee should I make for the meeting?)
You’ll have to tell me __________ for the meeting.
10. (How can I solve this problem for you?)
My adviser can’t think of __________ this problem for me.

8C. Word Skills

• Verb patterns
I. Choose the correct options.
1. They refused to help / helping us with the project.
2. I meant to phone / phoning you last night but I forgot.
3. I can’t help to laugh / laughing when someone falls over.
4. I fancy to go out / going out for a pizza, don’t you?
5. Do you happen to see / seeing Jane, tell her I called.
6. Do you want to watch / watching a film tonight?
7. We managed to finish / finishing our homework quickly.
8. We hope to go / going to Nha Trang for our holiday this year.
9. My brother agreed to lend / lending me his laptop.
10. Imagine to arrive / arriving at a wedding in a leather jacket!
11. I avoided to speak / speaking to Nam. We had an argument yesterday.
12. We don’t feel like to go / going shopping today.

II. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. a I don’t remember to post / posting the letter. Did you get it last week?
b Remember to post / posting that letter for me.
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2. a I’ll never forget to meet / meeting the President.
b I forgot to buy / buying bread on the way home.
3. a I couldn’t reach the top shelf so I tried to stand / standing on a stool.
b Please try to hand / handing your homework in on time.
4. a I regret to tell / telling you that you’ve lost your place in the football team.
b I regret not to revise / not revising much before my exams.
5. a We stopped to have / having lunch at a service station.
b Stop to criticise / criticising me!
6. a Jack studied French at university and went on to become / becoming a
teacher.
b He went on to eat / eating even though he wasn’t hungry.
7. a As I looked out of the window, I could see David walk / walking up the garden
path.
b I saw David ride / riding down the road and fall / falling off his bike.

III. Complete the sentences with the infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. He suggested __________ (do) more exercise.
2. They hope __________ (not arrive) late for the play.
3. They agreed __________ (not spend) all their money on the flat.
4. Jack can’t face __________ (go) to the gym tonight.
5. She pretended __________ (not see) me.
6. Her parents refused __________ (buy) her a motorbike.
7. I feel like __________ (go out) tonight.
8. We avoid __________ (travel) in the city centre at the weekend.

IV. Complete the sentences with the infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. Halfway up the mountains they stopped __________ (have) a short rest.
2. He went on __________ (talk) about his holiday all evening.
3. Jane doesn’t remember __________ (lend) me £10 last week.
4. We regret __________ (tell) you that you haven’t won the competition.
5. Did he try __________ (speak) in a calm, relaxed voice in the interview?
6. Don’t forget __________ (return) my DVDs tomorrow.
V. Choose the correct verb form for each sentence, or choose both options if
both are possible.
1. I’d prefer to go / going to the theater.
2. They were beginning to work / working when I arrived.
3. What would you like to do / doing this weekend?
4. You prefer to travel / travelling alone, don’t you?
5. Dad hates to listen / listening to pop music.
6. We love to cook / cooking Vietnamese dishes.
VI. Complete the dialogue with the infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in
brackets.
A I’m fed up. I spent all last night 1 __________ (study) for today’s exam.
B Did you manage 2 __________ (learn) it all?
A More or less. But I can’t face 3 __________ (do) the same tonight.

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B No, I don’t enjoy 4 __________ (study) either, but we’ve nearly finished.
A I feel like 5 __________ (go out) for a change. We’ve been studying for weeks.
B Well, there’s no way we can avoid 6 __________ (take) exams. Let’s have a trip for
when we finish.
A That’s a good idea. Where do you suggest 7 __________ (go)?
B I fancy 8 __________ (lie) on a beach somewhere doing absolutely nothing.
A Excellent idea. Let’s do it.
VII. Choose the correct options.
1. I remember to put / putting my keys in my pockets, but now I can’t find them.
2. I forgot to lock / locking the front door this morning so someone entered my flat
and stole my laptop.
3. I’ll never forget to go / going horse riding when I was young. I was terrified.
4. After university she went on to become / becoming a surgeon.
5. He stopped to buy / buying a newspaper on the way home, but there weren’t any
left.
6. We tried to find / finding a cheap flight, but we were too late.
7. They forgot to take / taking their camera, so they couldn’t take any photos.
8. My aunt remembers to wear / wearing a miniskirt when she was younger.
VIII. Complete the sentences with the infinitive or -ing form of the verbs
below.
visit dance say drink learn post
push
1. I forgot __________ that letter. Sorry.
2. His car won’t start, so we’re going to try __________ it.
3. She stopped __________ coffee, so she would sleep better.
4. I remember __________ ‘Happy Birthday’ to Jane. Did you?
5. They went on __________ all night.
6. My brother tried __________ Japanese at night school, but he gave up after two
months.
7. Do you remember __________ your grandparents when you were little?
IX. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the
first. Use the verbs in brackets and an infinitive or -ing form.
1. Daisy thinks that she’ll be a model when she’s older. (expects)
Daisy ______________________________ a model when she’s older.
2. My mum hates to see very thin models. (can’t stand)
My mum ______________________________ very thin models.
3. I really like reading fashion magazines. (enjoy)
I ______________________________ fashion magazines.
4. Phong didn’t manage to keep his contact with Nick. (failed)
Phong ______________________________ his contact with Nick.
5. David’s always looking in the mirror. It’s so annoying. (keeps)
David ______________________________ in the mirror. It’s so annoying.
6. I really don’t want to watch another fashion show. (can’t face)
I really ______________________________ another fashion show.
7. He says he won’t eat food that is bad for him. (refuse)
He ______________________________ food that is bad for him.
X. Choose the correct answers.

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1. I never remember turning off / to turn off all the lights before I go to bed.
2. Do you usually end up doing / to do the cooking at the weekend?
3. We don’t always manage leading / to lead a normal life, but we try.
4. She avoids spending / to spend time with other children in the neighbourhood.
5. Why does he keep looking / to look at his watch?
6. Do you expect being / to be famous in ten years’ time?
7. We don’t seem spending / to spend much time at our home.
8. I enjoy watching / to watch action films with my friends.
XI. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Doesn’t she remember __________ (meet) me at the workshop last week?
2. I happened __________ (see) a fantastic science fiction film on TV last week.
3. She promised __________ (go) swimming with me at the weekend.
4. Many young people enjoy __________ (wear) jeans and T-shirts when they go out.
5. I fancy __________ (eat) a lot of fast food for lunch.
6. I avoid __________ (spend) lots of time with people I don’t like.
7. Don’t forget __________ (come) to the meeting tomorrow morning.
8. We ended up __________ (stay) at a fantastic hotel in Hoi An.

8D. Reading
• Cities in the future
I. Match a subheading with its definition, writing the answer in each blank.
2050 Vision: 8 pioneer US cities prove the future is now
1. Urban biking ______ A. With over 6,000 acres of parks, 300 athletic
fields, and 300 sunny days a year, Denver
leads the way for this.
2. Education ______ B. With compost, recycling, and landfill standard,
Seattle is serious about commitment to
recycle 60% of all waste. The city’s
government and residents all follow eco-
friendly practices strictly.
3. The destination for ______ C. You’ll find the center of local and organic food
night owls deep in the heart of Texas: Austin. This
ensures that the money residents spend in
Austin stays in Austin, supporting the
economy of local farmers.
4. Sustainable city living ______ D. Over 50 colleges and universities spread the
landscape of Boston, and 44% of Boston
residents hold at least a Bachelor’s degree.
5. Technological ______ E. With its dedicated urban forestry programme,
accessibility Portland has embraced its natural roots in
attractive ways with backyard chicken, ducks,
or even goats.
6. Active living ______ F. With over 200 miles of bike-friendly streets,
it's time to start the search for a cycling outfit
in Chicago. The bike lanes are busy with
3,000 bicycles around the city.
7. Responsible eating ______ G. In an ultra-connected world, Minneapolis is
setting a new standard with free, city-wide Wi-
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 Fi.
8. Natural/Urban balance ______ H. New York is the city that never sleeps.
Limitless nightlife never quits and public
transit is open 24/7.

II. Match the qualities of cities of the future with their descriptions. Write
the quality in each blank.
A. Energy independent homes E. Solar energy from space
B. Efficient water use F. High-speed long-distance travel
C. Smart grids G. Innovative wind turbines
D. Solar surfaces H. Living buildings
1. ____________________________________
Cities will generate electricity from a host of new wind power innovations - turbines
that float on the ocean, bladeless wind turbines, and turbines that hover in the
atmosphere.
2. ____________________________________
Solar panels will begin to appear in unlikely places. They will cover sidewalks, line the
outside of buildings, and double as fully functional windows.
3. ____________________________________
Solar energy will be harvested from space and beamed down to Earth, providing
clean, cheap and efficient electricity to power our cities.
4. ____________________________________
Homes and buildings will operate as living organisms, monitoring performance and
adapting to our needs in real time, saving us energy and money.
5. ____________________________________
Homes will be equipped with solar panels, small-scale wind turbines and other sources
of electrical generation, allowing them to operate independently from the grid, when
necessary.
6. ____________________________________
Consumers and power sources will communicate in real time through fiber optic smart
grids that will reduce blackouts, maximize energy efficiency, and save money.
7. ____________________________________
People will travel hundreds of miles in just minutes through solar-powered pods that
travel through elevated, depressurized tubes.
8. ____________________________________
Buildings will be equipped with comprehensive water management systems, allowing
them to collect rainwater, monitor water use, and efficiently recycle dirty water.

III. Read the passage, and then decide whether the statements are true (T)
or false (F).
The cities of the future will see a large number of intelligent homes that can interact
with their owners. In fact, things that were earlier considered science fiction are
already coming to life in smart cities such as Masdar in the United Arab Emirates,
where an automated underground transport network fully fuelled by solar power is
already running circuits.
With smart technology, the possibility of having huge savings on electricity and power
is within our reach. Sensors are being developed so that street lights of the future will
switch on only when you are close by. The smart technology in self-driven cars will

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enable you to save on gas and other non-renewable energy sources. In fact, smart
cities will aim to neutralize the use of fossil fuels completely.
The cities of the future will have to adapt quickly to rapid technological advancements
in IT and engineering. The gap between technological leaps is going to decrease over
time. Technology will help bridge the current gap between the government and public
in the cities of the future, given that IT and digitization will make these cities more
open and social.
Another thing that we can all agree on is that the cost of building in these smart cities
is going to be considerable. An estimate can be derived based on the latest smart city
developments in India. With the booming population, the Indian Prime Minister
Narendra Modi is pushing to attract investments to fuel rapid development projects in
the country.
1. Intelligent homes can have effect on their owners.
2. Some predictions made about smart cities have been put in practice.
3. The transport network in Masdar has run on a renewable source of energy.
4. Street lights will switch on after sensors are developed.
5. We will save energy with driverless cars.
6. Smart cities in the future will aim to make fossil fuels completely neutral.
7. New technological advancements make the cities in the future change so rapidly in
order to become more open and social.
8. Building a smart city costs a lot of money, so a country like India has to call for
investment to supply fuel for the project of smart cities.
IV. Read an article about a new town. For questions 1-10, choose the
sections (A-D). the paragraphs may be chosen more than once.
Sherford: A green city of the future
A Ranked amongst the top five green cities of the future, Sherford in England has got
to be one of the most exciting urban projects in the 21 st century. With construction
due to commence in 2030, the thinking behind the new town is to provide a
solution to urban sprawl slum areas and the ecological problems that come with
them. In other words, it will be a shining example of sustainable urbanism.
The proposed location for the new town is in one of the greenest parts of the
English countryside: Devon. Although it will be a modern town with all the
necessary facilities for modern-day living, the town will have a traditional feel to it.
Local architectural designs will be used to make sure the town has a distinctive
Devon character. Developers, Red Tree, claim that their aim is for Sherford to take
‘the best from the past and move it forward’. They have a vision of a town where
social, economic and environmental sustainability will prosper.
B But just how will they achieve this? Sustainable towns and cities must meet the
strictest criteria. In order to be socially sustainable, they must be organized into
self-contained neighbourhoods, which combine living, working and shopping.
Sherford, which will be organised into four neighbourhoods, will take this one step
further. All its communities will be accessible to people from all income bracket
and all ethnic groups. A wide range of homes will be available for rent or purchase,
with the cheaper homes being built alongside with the most expensive ones to
avoid any discrimination that may arise. However, it won’t be obvious just by
looking at the homes which ones are the most affordable ones. By avoiding
creating rich neighbourhoods and poor neighbourhoods, it is hoped that residents
will feel a greater sense of equality.
In terms of economic sustainability, eco towns must be able to support the
livelihoods of the local residents. For the first time in a century, a British town will
be built along a high street with a lively market. As a market town, Sherford
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 promises to be a bustling commercial centre with shops, local businesses and
services. This will ensure that people will live locally, can work and earn their living
locally. As a result, the town will be financially sustainable.
C Most importantly of all, however, Sherford - like all eco towns - will be
environmentally sustainable. Green cities must reduce or eliminate the use of
fossil fuels, adopt sustainable building practice, create green spaces and ensure
good air quality. It is hoped that this attractive town will discourage people from
writing graffiti on the buildings and so not allowing the gritty side of a town to
emerge. It will also be a safe place for people to live. One of the developers
commented, ‘No one will get mugged in Sherford.’ Sherford will be a walkable city.
Local schools, shops, parks and other facilities will be within walking distances of
housing.
There will also be an energy-efficient transport system that residents will be
encouraged to use to travel within the town and cars will be banned from parts of
the town centre. But one of the biggest bonuses for all future residents is that they
will be provided with their own free bicycle so that they will have another
alternative to private cars for getting from A to B. Furthermore, 50% of the town’s
energy will be supplied using clean, renewable sources such as solar and wind
power. 170 acres of woodland and 500 acres of parkland will also help to improve
the quality of air in the town and surrounding area. They will also create
recreational areas for residents and be home to local species of plants and
animals.
D So when can you move in? If all goes according to plan, building will begin on
Sherford in 2030. During the first phase, 2,750 homes will be constructed within
five years. The completed project, which will include 5,500 homes divided between
the four neighbourhoods and the town centre, will take between 12-15 years to
complete. For the majority of the locals, it will have been a long time in coming,
but well worth waiting for.

Which section says:

1. the proposed location for the new town is Devon?
2. building will begin in 2030?
3. cheaper homes will be alongside more expensive ones?
4. local architectural designs will be used to keep the Devon character?
5. facilities in the town will be within walking distance of housing?
6. future residents will be provided with their own free bicycle?
7. 50% of the town’s energy will be supplied by renewable sources?
8. Sherford will be organized into four neighbourhoods?
9. it will take 12-15 years to complete?
10. people will live locally and can work and earn their living locally?
V. Read the text, and choose the best answers.
Road pricing
Yesterday the government announced that road pricing may be introduced in many
major cities next year and on all major UK routes within the next ten years. Motorists
would then have to pay to use the roads that take them to work, on holiday, or even
to their children’s schools, in an attempt to reduce the number of cars on our roads.
A survey we carried out earlier today shows that this has angered motorists. While
being aware that something needs to be done to ease the congestion on our roads,
the majority of car owners do not believe that road pricing is the answer. ‘Unless an
alternative is given, this road pricing will not be successful,’ said one person. ‘At the

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moment the road is the only option for many commuters and if they want to get to
work they will pay the charge. The government will get more money but the roads will
still be congested.’
Our survey has shown that motorists believe that a more efficient, convenient and
cheaper network of public transport is the only way to persuade them to stop using
their cars. It seems that the government still has a lot of thinking to do on the subject.
Road pricing does not seem the answer.
1. Next year we may have to pay if we __________.
A. travel through some cities
B. travel on any main roads
C. drive a lot
2. The charge is being introduced __________ .
A. to earn money for the government
B. to protect the environment
C. to cut traffic jams and delays
3. People will pay the charge if __________ .
A. the roads are improved B. they have no choice C. it’s quite low
4. Motorists think __________ .
A. we need better public transport
B. it’s a good idea
C. the charge is too high
5. The government needs to __________ .
A. think of another solution
B. introduce the charge quickly
C. do nothing

• Journeys
VI. Read the text about low-cost airlines and match the headings A-F with
the paragraphs 1-5. There is one heading that you do not need.
A. No free lunch
B. Online booking
C. Efficient use of airports and aircraft
D. Paperless operations
E. Reduced number of flight attendants
F. Travelling without tickets
Budget air travel
Budget air travel has made travelling abroad much more popular than it ever has
been before. But how do airlines like easyJet and Ryanair manage to cut their prices
and still remain competitive? Listed below are the main methods used for cutting
costs.
1 __________
Booking over the Internet reduces the need for a call centre and eliminate the use of a
travel agent in the purchasing of tickets. More than 95% of easyJet seats are now sold
online and all planes have been painted with the web address of the airline.
2 __________

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Airlines have reduced the time the aircraft spend in airports between landing and
take-off so that more journeys can be made every day. Ryanair often uses secondary
airports whose fees are cheaper than main airports.
3 __________
Passengers are only required to present their passports and booking confirmation at
the check-in desk, which eliminates the cost of issuing tickets. Instead of a ticket,
passengers receive an email containing their flight details and booking reference.
4 __________
Passengers are not offered an onboard meal by low-cost airlines, whose reasoning is
that passengers would only complain about it anyway. In this way, management and
workload are reduced, and passengers are not obliged to pay for something they don’t
want.
5 __________
As well as eliminating the need to issue flight tickets for passengers, low-cost airlines
have invested in high-tech computer applications for their staff, reducing the paper
consumption in their offices.

VII. Read the text, and choose the correct answers, A, B, C or D.

Naomi Power had just returned to New Zealand from a trip to Europe. During her time
abroad, she’d had many interesting adventures, but had also met experienced racing
sailor, Rob James. They had spent a lot of time together and developed a close bond.
Rob had also invited Naomi on board his yacht and, as she’d never been on a yacht
before, she happily accepted and Rob taught her to sail. It is the beginning of two
special relationships - with Rob and with sailing.
Back in New Zealand, she was reading a magazine in her parents’ living room, where
she saw a headline: French woman plans single-handed voyage around the world.
Naomi was immediately interested. She began to dream - what an adventure that
would be!
Naomi started reading books such as Chay Blyth ’s The Impossible Voyage and
became certain about two things: she wanted to spend the rest of her life with Rob,
and she wanted to sail single-handed around the world.
Naomi flew back to England in March 1976, and she and Rob were married at the end
of May. However, Naomi was a little worried about telling Rob that she wanted to sail
around the world. To her surprise, Rob was enthusiastic, though he tried to warn her
about the dangers. They discussed the problems and risks, and thought of ways to
prevent them. Then they began to think about where they could find a boat. They
would also need a sponsor. ‘You’ll need at least £60,000 to buy and refit a boat,’ Rob
told her. ‘Chay Blyth may help. He’s got a lot of experience in finding sponsors.’ But it
was more difficult than they expected. Many people thought that Naomi was crazy to
try to sail alone in the world’s most difficult seas. However, Naomi did not lose hope.
She knew that she had to be confident if she wanted other people to have confidence
in her.
Then, one evening her luck changed. They were at Chay’s house for dinner when one
of the guests began to talk about sponsorship. He suggested it would be much easier
to get a sponsor of Naomi took Chay’s boat Spirit of Cutty Sark; she would only need
about £10,000 to adapt the boat for single-handed sailing. Then a man named
Quentin Wallop, who owned a yacht himself, agreed to sponsor her for £10,000 - and
the challenge was on.
1. Naomi __________ .
A. sailed from France to New Zealand
B. wanted her name to appear in magazines
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 C. thought about travelling round the world when she met Rob
D. had no sailing experience before her trip to Europe
2. Before Naomi flew to England in 1976, she __________ .
A. made some decisions about her personal life
B. thought her idea was completely unrealistic
C. consulted Rob about all her plans
D. contacted some famous sailors
3. When Naomi told Rob about her plan, he was __________.
A. amused B. irritated C. supportive D. frightened
4. When planning the voyage, Naomi __________ .
A. didn’t let any obstacle discourage her
B. refused to listen to warnings about possible dangers
C. got lots of encouragement from people
D. had not trouble finding a sponsor
5. Naomi received sponsorship __________ .
A. from the owner of Spirit of Cutty Sark
B. to refit Chay’s boat
C. to cover all the travel expenses
D. to buy a new boat
VIII. Read about some adventure cruises, and do the tasks that follow.
Explore the world on a cruise
Instead of staying at the same resort this year, why not follow in the footsteps of
famous explorers on an adventure cruise? Read on to find out about four of the most
exciting trips we’re offering this year.
A __________
Travel to the coast and then sail to the home of some of the world’s most unique
plants and animals. Talk to one of the many boat operators in the area to choose a
route. You can take a seven-night cruise and either spend your money on a cheap
boat holding between eight and twenty passengers or travel in style on a larger vessel
carrying over 90 passengers.
B __________
Discover a place where only really intrepid explorers went in the past. A comfortable
cruise liner will show you the amazing landscape of one of the coldest and most
inhospitable places on Earth. During the trip, you can enjoy our experts’ lectures and
presentations about the history, and geology of the region.
C __________
Follow in the footsteps of the explorer Herodutos to this amazing continent. Admire
the beautiful coastline and experience the perfect beaches of countries like Tanzania,
Madagascar and the Seychelles. During the cruise, you can try fishing, diving and
snorkelling.
D __________
Head North to explore the spectacular coastline of this country. The scenery is
amazing and travelling by boat is the only way to see it. Visit beautiful bays during the
trip to find icebergs and glaciers. If you’re lucky, you may see a whale coming up for
air or catch a glimpse of a bear on a remote beach.
For more information, go to www.holidays/cruise.co
Task 1. What is the purpose of the text?
a. to describe holidays to a friend

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 b. to sell holidays
c. to complain about a holiday
Task 2. Read the text again. Match the headings 1-5 with the paragraphs A-
D. There is one heading that you do not need.
1. Icy cold but with amazing animals!
2. Sporting adventures - on land or in the water
3. Learn in luxury
4. Relax on the river
5. Nature cruises for all budges
IX. Read the texts and do the tasks that follow.
Great journeys
Marco Polo
In 1271, 18-year-old Marco Polo set off from his hometown of Venice with his father
and uncle, who were wealthy 1merchants, to visit China. They went by ship to
Anatolia, and travelled the rest of the way overland. They followed the Silk Road,
along which merchants from China brought silk to Europe. The road runs north of the
Himalayas and their journey took four years. The Emperor Kublai Khan welcomed
them warmly and Marco became a civil servant and diplomat. After 17 years working
for the emperor, the Polos decided to travel home. At first, the Khan refused to let
them go, but in 1292 they received permission and returned home by sea, arriving in
1295. Marco spent the rest of his life as a merchant in Venice. At one time he was
imprisoned and while in jail wrote an account of his travels which 2inspired other
explorers such as Christopher Columbus.
Ibn Battuta
As a boy, Ibn Battuta studied the Holy Qur’an and became an expert in Muslim
theology. When he was 21, he set off from Tangier on the 3pilgrimage to Makkah, and
during the next 28 years he travelled more than 120,000 kilometres, even further
than Marco Polo. After visiting Makkah, he joined a 4caravan of pilgrims which was
returning to Persia (now Iran). He continued to travel around the Middle East, studying
the people and culture, and writing down anything that interested him, and he
eventually arrived in Delhi. He stayed there for eight years working for the Sultan. In
1342 he was sent by the Sultan as his 5Ambassador to China. Having survived a
number of shipwrecks, he reached his destination in 1344. He was impressed by
Chinese culture and their use of paper money, but after a year he decided to return
home. Back in Tangier, Ibn Battuta wrote an account of his adventures called Rihla.
Many of his 6Contemporaries refused to believe the story of his travels and it was only
long after his death that he came to be appreciated.
Vasco da Gama
In 1497 Vasco da Gama was sent by the King of Portugal to find a sea route to India.
With four ships and 170 men, he sailed down the Atlantic Ocean, and after surviving a
terrible storm, he finally reached the Cape of Good Hope, the southern tip of Africa.
There he 7Abandoned his largest ship, and sailed up the coast of East Africa, stopping
at various ports. The Portuguese were surprised to find rich Arab towns with stone
houses on the coast. The Sultan of Melindi welcomed him and supplied two Arab
8
pilots to guide him to India. Thanks to them, he was able to cross the Indian Ocean to
Calicut in southern India. Shortly after that, da Gama departed for home with a rich
cargo of spices, but he lost 110 men and two ships. He sailed to India again in 1502
and after this voyage he retired. However, at the age of 64, he decided to return to
India but died in Goa shortly after arriving there in 1524.
Task 1. Match the sentences with the three explorers. Write MP for Marco
Polo, IB for Ibn Battuta, and VG for Vasco da Gama.
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1. Some people didn’t believe the account of his travels.
2. He returned home not long after reaching his destination.
3. He came from a rich family.
4. He first left home in order to visit a religious site.
5. He worked for the Emperor of China.
6. He did not die in his home country.
7. He didn’t write a famous account of his travels.
8. He spent a number of years in India.
9. He wrote about his travels while he was in prison.
Task 2. Match the underlined words in the text with the definitions below.
a. __________ : people who help to guide ships
b. __________ : a journey to a holy place
c. __________ : a group of people and animals, travelling together, especially across a
desert
d. __________ : people who were alive at the same time
e. __________ : people who buy and sell goods
f. __________ : left forever
g. __________ : someone who represents a country
h. __________ : gave somebody the confidence to do something
Task 3. Match the verbs 1-8 with phrases a-h. They are all in the text.
1. set off ____ A. his destination
2. return ____ B. from his hometown
3. join ____ C. the ocean
4. reach ____ D. a caravan
5. sail ____ E. home
6. cross ____ F. up the coast
X. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
Are we there yet?
Imagine travelling around the world with your family, by car, for 19 years straight. For
some, it would be like a dream come true. For others, it would get boring pretty
quickly. But Argentinian couple Herman and Candelaria Zapp, along with their four
children - all born on the road - are living the dream.
The couple spent their first few years of married life putting down roots in Argentina,
where Herman had his own computer and telephone IT company, and they had a nice
house with a swimming pool. ‘Our family was happy with us. We love it all,’ said
Herman Zapp.
But something was missing: that around-the-world trip they had talked about, and
children. So, the couple set out on a pre-baby road trip from Buenos Aires to Alaska.
But they didn’t get much support. ‘Our family was saying that we wouldn’t make it,’
Zapp said. ‘The most optimistic were giving us a week’s journey. No more.’ Not only
did the couple complete their nearly 44,000-mile-initial journey, but they decided to
keep going. Since then, they’ve been to 95 countries and travelled over 218,000
miles.
Each of their four children was born in a different country: Pampa in the United States,
Tehue in Argentina, Paloma in Canada and Wallaby, the youngest, in Australia. The
Zapps educate their kids themselves but also say the experiences they get are
incredibly educational. ‘Imagine taking your kids and watching the space shuttle take
off, looking at polar bears in Alaska, seeing kangaroos in Australia and learning to

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speak the language of the country you’re in,’ Zapp said. ‘We call it worldwide
schooling.’
For their entire 19-year adventure, the Zapps have been travelling in a 1928 car that
can’t go faster than 40 miles per hour. Part tent, part kitchen, part schoolhouse and
part rolling apartment, the car is definitely also a part of the family. They call it
‘Grandpa’. ‘I am not a mechanic at all, but every time we have a breakdown, we get
a new friend,’ said Zapp. ‘Once we broke down in Puebla, a beautiful city in Mexico.
When I looked at the engine, someone showed up right away and told me about a car
museum nearby. We went there and they took apart a car on show to give us the
part.’ Not only did the museum not charge for that part, but the town organised a
party for the Zapps, complete with a mariachi band and plenty of food.
In late 2018, the Zapps set sail from the Canary Islands back to South America on the
final part of their incredible world tour.
Task 1. Read the text quickly. Where do you think it comes from?
A. a book B. a magazine C. a travel brochure
Task 2. Read the text again and choose the correct answers.
1. What is meant by the phrase ‘putting down roots’ in paragraph 2?
A. creating a permanent home B. making money
2. Why did Mr. and Mrs. Zapp want to go on a long journey?
A. because their family was unkind to them
B. because their lives did not feel complete
3. How did the Zapps’ relatives feel about their journey?
A. pessimistic B. optimistic
4. Why do they call their children’s education ‘worldwide schooling’ in paragraph 4?
A. because they learn a lot of geography
B. because they learn while they are travelling
5. What is the main advantage of travelling in a very old car?
A. It attracts a lot of attention on the road.
B. It allows them to meet new people when it breaks down.
Task 3. What do these numbers from the text refer to?
1. 19
2. 44,000
3. 40
4. 218,000

Task 4. Match the words and phrases in bold in the text to the definitions.
1. __________ when a vehicle or machine stops working for a period of time
2. __________ a piece of a machine or vehicle
3. __________ start a journey by boat or ship
4. __________ be successful
5. __________ whole or complete, with nothing missing
XI. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
Nomads: A traditional lifestyle in a modern world
For those living in a modern city, the idea of a nomadic lifestyle might seem a thing of
the past. However, there are an estimated 30-40 million nomads in the world who
regularly pack up and move from place to place. In the past, there were more nomadic
people, but over the last hundred years significant numbers have turned away from
their traditional lifestyle.

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Different types of nomadic people
Hunter gatherers are nomads who move to find different plants and animals for
themselves according to the seasons. The Innu people of Quebec and Labrador in
Canada travel to hunt wild animals.
Pastoral nomads are animal farmers who move to find grass or other food for their
animals. The Bedouin people of the Sahara desert in Africa are pastoral nomads who
raise goats, sheep, and camels.
Peripatetic nomads move from place to place to trade or sell things they make. They
are usually found in more industrialized countries. The Roma people are peripatetic
nomads who live in Southern and Eastern Europe.
Nomads in numbers
12 million: the Fulani nomads. They live in central and west Africa and are one of the
world's largest nomadic communities.
Fewer than 12: the Kawahira people. Their nomadic lifestyle in the remote Amazon
jungle has been threatened by loggers who cut down their rainforest.
Around 100: the number of large tribes of Bedouin people. They traditionally move
around the Middle Eastern deserts. A century ago, the nomadic Bedouin of the Middle
Eastern deserts were around 10% of the total Arab population. Today, they are around
1% of the total.
A modern nomad
73 year-old Bayarmaa from Mongolia has been a nomad all her life. She moves from
place to place across the remote country to find food for her two horses, twenty cows,
and fifty sheep, along with her son and his family. Although she lives a traditional
lifestyle, she carries a mobile phone in her pocket. There are many modern comforts
in her tent or ‘yurt’ that she takes with her on each move, such as a TV, fridge,
painted cupboards, and colourful sofas. She is very proud of her nomadic lifestyle and
says, ‘I’ll always follow the life that I grew up with.’
What’s the future?
Millions of nomads worldwide still have traditional lifestyles, but there are major
challenges to this in the future. These include industrialization, global warming, and
extreme weather events which will make it much more difficult for them to travel
freely and find food for themselves and their animals. However, many nomadic people
are adapting to these challenges by combining aspects of modern life, such as mobile
phones and vehicles, with the traditional lifestyle which their ancestors have lived for
centuries.
Task 1. Decide whether the sentences are true (T), false (F), or not
mentioned (NM).
1. There are about 30-40 million people with a nomadic lifestyle worldwide.
2. The Innu, Bedouin, and Roma people all travel to find food.
3. The Bedouin have problems travelling because of the oil industry.
4. Bayarmaa moves around Mongolia with her relatives and her animals.
5. Bayarmaa is worried that younger people are giving up the nomadic lifestyle.
6. The future challenges to nomadic people aren’t very serious.
Task 2. Answer the questions.
1. In general, what has happened to the world population of nomadic people?
________________________________________________________________________________
2. What’s the difference between hunter gatherers nomads and pastoral nomads?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Where do you often find peripatetic nomads?

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________________________________________________________________________________
4. Who is the biggest threat to the Kawahira?
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why does Bayarmaa continue with her lifestyle?
________________________________________________________________________________
6. How are nomads adapting to challenges?
________________________________________________________________________________

Pronunciation: Intonation in question tags

Identify the intonation of the question tags (falling or rising) based on the
context, and complete the suitable Yes / No responses. Then practise saying
them in pairs.
1. A: (You’ve known Mai will grow some young trees in the school garden
tomorrow.)
Mai will grow some young trees in the school garden tomorrow, won’t she?
B: _________________________________________________________________________.
2. A: (You’re not sure whether your class are going to Cuc Phuong National Park
next week or not. Actually, the class are going there next month.) We’re going
to Cuc Phuong National Park next week, aren’t we?
B: _________________________________________________________________________.
3. A: (You know fossil fuels will be used up soon.)
Fossil fuels will be used up soon, won’t they?
B: _________________________________________________________________________.
4. A: (You know there wasn’t any announcement about the maths test.)
You didn’t hear an announcement about the maths test, did you?
B: _________________________________________________________________________.
5. A: (You ’re not sure whether your friend’s father worked as a forest ranger,
and he didn’t.)
Your father worked as a forest ranger, didn’t he?
B: _________________________________________________________________________.
6. A: (You know for sure that Nam hasn’t been to Cat Tien National Park.)
You have never been to Cat Tien National Park, have you?
B: _________________________________________________________________________.
7. A: (You don’t know U Minh Thuong National Park is a region with the richest
biodiversity in the Mekong River Delta, and actually it is.)
U Minh Thuong National Park is a region with the richest biodiversity in the
Mekong River Delta, isn’t it?
B: _________________________________________________________________________.
8. A: (You don’t know whether the leaders of the world have worked together to
solve the problem of global warming or not, but actually they do.) The leaders of
the world have worked together to solve the problem of global warming, haven’t
they?
B: _________________________________________________________________________.

8E. Speaking
• Everyday English
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I. Choose the correct response. Then practise the short exchanges in pairs.
1. A: Are driverless cars popular soon? B: a/ I think so. It’s hopeful.
b/ We don’t need drivers any more.
2. A: There are so many means of B: a/ We don’t depend on cars any
transport in the future. more.
b/ We only choose any good and
practical.
3. A: Has Man travelled to the Moon? B: a/I haven’t seen any programme.
b/ Yes, and we’ll return to it soon
4. A: Have we ever travelled around by a B: a/ Yes, but it’s very noisy.
supersonic plane? b/ No, Concorde used to be.
5. A: Can we cook during our holiday? B: a/ It’s B&B.
b/ It’s a self-catering apartment.
6. A: Where is our next stop? B: a/ It’s the campsite near here.
b/ We can’t find a gas station.
7. A: How could the astronaut land on the B: a/ They used the spaceship itself.
moon? b/ They used the lunar module.
8. A: Have you ever dreamed of sailing B: a/ I hope to do it when I retire.
around the world? b/ I used a sailing boat to make the
trip.
9. A: Were they late for the flight? B: a/ Yes, they arrived just in time.
b/ No, it was delayed an hour.
10. A: Why did they get lost? B: a/ Because they forgot the satnav.
b/ Because their car broke down.

• Guided conversation: have a conversation about holiday plans

II. Complete the dialogue with the phrases below. There is one extra phrase
that you do not need.
A. building a campfire
B. by coach
C. swimming, going jet-skiing or surfing
D. goes to a fishing village
E. enjoy seafood and local cuisine
F. a perfect destination for all of us
G. parachuting or paragliding
H. choose a place to go for our short summer holiday
I. four days

Laura Our summer holiday is coming. It’s time to relax and enjoy doing interesting
things with our friends.
Mai You’re right. Our group should 1___________________________. Do you think Vung
Tau is a good choice?
Laura I agree. It’s 2
_______________________. We can go there
3
__________________________. There are a coach to Vung Tau every fifteen
minutes.
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Mai It’s so convenient to go to Vung Tau to enjoy our summer vacation. Just for
4
________________________, is that enough?
Laura That’s enough. Let’s make a list of things to do to make our trip exciting.
Mai First, water sports! 5__________________________, and if you like to have
unforgettable memory you can go 6__________________________.
Laura Wow, it sounds fantastic. How about any activities for the whole group? I think
we can go camping in the evening. 7__________________________and dancing
around it and having other things are very exciting for a summer vacation.
Mai And we can also 8__________________________.
III. You are planning to go away for a few days with your penfriend while he
or she is visiting you this summer. Complete the dialogue by using the
prompts below in the correct form.
A Trip to Ha Long Bay
- five-day package tour, go there by plane, in June - weather is good, storms or
hurricanes in July or August
- stay in a hotel or spend the night romantically on board of a ship
- visit many famous destinations in Ha Long Bay
- sail around the Bay on a luxury boat, visit some caves and grottoes and enjoy
seafood for lunch
- go kayaking, windsurfing, skydiving ...
- swim at Bai Chay beach, and other beaches on some islets
- visit some fishing villages, or have a night squid fishing
Phong I’m happy that you are spending in Viet Nam with me for two weeks. So
we plan a trip to a famous place in Viet Nam. My family will take you to go
there. Have you got any ideas about location?
Nick I’ve heard of Ha Long Bay, the World Heritage Site in Viet Nam Is it in North
Viet Nam?
Phong You’re right. We can go there by plane. We’ll make
1
_________________________________ from here to Ha Long Bay. In this type of
tour, we can 2_______________________________
________________________________________________ under the direction of a tour
guide.
Nick How long is the tour?
Phong I think a five-day tour is enough for all of us. Summer is a high season for
tourists, and we should go in June because there may
3
_______________________________________ in July and August.
Nick A good idea. What activities will we do during the tour in Ha Long Bay?
Phong First, we’ll
4
________________________________________________________________
Nick Sounds interesting. What will we do after that?
Phong There are several activities to participate in on the Bay, such as
5
_______________________
______________________________________.
Nick Are there good beaches there?
Phong Oh, yes. There are
6
__________________________________________________________. In addition, we can
7
___________________________________________________________.
Nick How about the accommodation?

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Phong We can
8
____________________________________________________________________.
Nick Thanks a lot. The trip sounds awesome to me.

IV. Match the sentence halves to make sentences describing accommodation

problems.
1. I can’t sleep in ____ a. many mosquitoes.
2. The Wi-Fi isn’t ____ b. very unhelpful.
3. There are no ____ c. hasn’t been cleaned.
4. My room ____ d. from the disco.
5. There is a lot of noise ____ e. working in my room.
6. There are too ____ f. clean towels.
7. The room is ____ g. an uncomfortable bed.
8. The staff are ____ h. much too small.
V. Order the words to make sentences for making and dealing with
complaints.
1. A want / room. / to /I / about / complain / my
______________________________________________________________________________
B make / like / complaint. / to / I’d / a
______________________________________________________________________________
2. A sorry / problems. / to / a / hear / I’m / there’s
______________________________________________________________________________
B very / hear / sorry / to / I’m / that.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. A seems / be / problem? / What / to / the
______________________________________________________________________________
B matter / it? / What’s / with / the
______________________________________________________________________________
4. A really / afraid. / beyond / control, That’s / our / I’m
______________________________________________________________________________
B see /I / do. / what / I’ll / can
______________________________________________________________________________
5. A it’s / enough. / just / I’m / not / sorry, / good
______________________________________________________________________________
B really / can / it. / nothing /I / do / There’s / about
______________________________________________________________________________
6. A really / this. Not / happy / I’m / about
______________________________________________________________________________
B apologise. /I / must
______________________________________________________________________________

VI. Complete the dialogue with the phrases from Exercise V. Write A or B to
identify which phrase is used.
Guest Excuse me. 1 __________
Receptionist 2
__________ 3 __________
Guest I didn’t sleep at all last night. The music from the disco kept me awake.
Receptionist 4
__________ The disco doesn’t belong to the hotel.
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Guest But I can’t sleep with all that noise! Can’t I have a different room?
Receptionist 5
__________ The hotel is completely full.
Guest Well, __________
6

VII. Complete the dialogue with the words below. Then practise it with your
partner.
back abandoned destination inspired killed
named route set shipwrecked was
Phong Have you done any research for your school project?
Nick Yes, I’ve been 1 __________ by an article about an explorer called Ferdinand
Magellan.
Phong Ferdinand Magellan. The Magellan Strait was 2 __________ after him - is that
right?
Nick Yes, that’s right. Magellan discovered the 3 __________ from the Atlantic Ocean
to the Pacific Ocean through the southern part of South Africa.
Phong So where did the expedition 4 __________ off from?
Nick Magellan left Spain in 1519 with five ships and 234 sailors. They crossed the
Atlantic Ocean and reached the coast of South America. While Magellan was
looking for the route to the Pacific, one of his ships was 5 __________ in a sudden
storm. Another 6 __________ the expedition and returned to Spain.
Phong And did they reach their final 7 __________ ?
Nick Yes, three years later they returned to Spain with just one ship and 18 men
after crossing the Pacific and Indian oceans. It was the first voyage to sail
around the world.
Phong So I suppose Magellan 8 __________ greeted as a hero when he got 9
__________?
Nick Well, no. Unfortunately, he was 10 __________ in a battle with local people on an
island in the Pacific.

8F. Writing
• A formal letter: write a formal letter of enquiry
I. You are planning to visit Nha Trang next month with your family. Write a
letter of enquiry to the hotel. Use the outline and the prompts below in the
correct form.
Paragraph 1: giving reasons for writing, the number of people, and the rooms
interested in
- I / writing / enquire / the accommodation / your hotel
- I / be / in your city / a holiday tour / my family / next month
- I would like / know / if / you / provide accommodation / a small family of four persons
including my parents, my younger brother aged eleven, and me aged seventeen /
four nights
- our requirement / one large twin-bedded room / preferably / the third floor /
balconies overlooking natural scene
Paragraph 2: polite request to ask about prices
- if / you / provide the above accommodation / send me immediately / prices /I / order /
the reservation / accommodation / your hotel
Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to enquire about

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If you can provide the above accommodation,
Yours faithfully
Phong
II. You are planning to visit Bangkok next month with some friends. Write a
letter of enquiry to the hostel. Use the outline and the prompts below in the
correct form.
Paragraph 1: giving reasons for writing
- I / write / enquire / a visit / your youth hostel in Bangkok next month
- one of my friends / visited Bangkok last week / stayed at your hotel / recommended /
me
Paragraph 2: the number of people
- along with my three classmates
- all of us / male / aged seventeen or eighteen
Paragraph 3: polite request to ask about prices, and the rooms interested in
- send / your rates / two double rooms with toilets attached inclusive of breakfast
- prefer / rooms / next to each other / the third floor / balconies overlooking natural
scene
Paragraph 4: closing comments
- look forward / your reply immediately / we / reserve the rooms at the earliest
opportunity / make arrangements / our travel / Bangkok
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to enquire about

Yours faithfully

REVIEW Unit 8
Vocabulary
I. Complete the sentences with the words below.
customs platform cab track carriage
1. All the trains were delayed because of a problem with the __________ .
2. It took half an hour to get through __________ at the airport.
3. We took a __________ across London because the buses were so crowded.
4. We missed our train because we were waiting on the wrong __________ .
5. Luckily, our __________ was nearly empty and we could sit down.
II. Complete the sentences with the words below.
air pollution traffic jam residents immigrants boulevard
overpopulation commuters pedicabs street vendor visitors
1. Local __________ are up in arms over plans to close the swimming pool.
2. Both motorized and pedal-power cycle rickshaws, or __________ , were used for
short distances passenger travel.
3. Large numbers of illegal __________ have found their way into Europe.
4. New security measures require all __________ to sign in at reception and wear a
badge.
5. My house is on a(n) __________ lined with cafes.
6. By 7.30 the roads are jammed with the usual morning __________ .
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7. For the past few months, she’s been working as a(n) __________ , selling fruit and
vegetables.
8. I was stuck in a(n) __________ for an hour yesterday.
9. Global __________ must be the top priority of any administration.
10. Diesel exhaust is a major contributor to __________ .
III. Complete the definitions with the correct form of the words in bold in the
text.
We were flying into London on our way home. We seemed to circle Heathrow Airport
for ages, but at last the air traffic controller allowed our plane to land. After taxiing
from the runway, the plane finally reached the terminal building. Once in the
terminal, we queued to go through passport control and waited to collect our
luggage. Our rucksacks arrived quickly and we didn’t need a trolley, so we walked
straight through customs and out of the airport. All we had to do now was get into
London, and catch the train home to Cambridge. After travelling round the world for
three months, that was the easy part - or so we thought.
We decided to go by underground into central London, so we went down the
escalator, bought a ticket and made our way to the correct platform. It was
unbelievably crowded, but we managed to push our way onto the train and it set off.
However, when the train stopped at Knightsbridge station, a voice announced that
there was a problem with the track ahead and we would have to get off and continue
our journey by a different route.
Fortunately, there was a black cab outside so we jumped in and asked the driver to
take us to King Cross Station as quickly as possible. Then the cab came to a sudden
halt. Not again! This time there was a terrible traffic jam. We didn’t want to waste
any more time so we got out and walked to the station. We got there, bought our
tickets, ran onto the platform and got into the nearest carriage. We had made it!
Then we realised the train was going to Stevenage, not Cambridge. We hadn’t
checked the departures board and we were on the wrong train.
1. A __________ is the place where planes take off and land.
2. A __________ is a bag that you carry on your back.
3. An __________ is a moving staircase.
4. A __________ is a long line of cars that isn’t moving.
5. A __________ is the person who tells pilots by radio when they can take off and land.
6. A __________ is a section of a train for passengers.
7. A __________ is the place where they can check your bags for illegal goods as you
enter a country.
8. A __________ is the place where they check your travel documents as you leave or
enter a country.
9. A __________ tells you what time a train or a plane is leaving.
10. A __________ is a cart with wheels for carrying heavy bags.
11. A __________ is the set of metal rails that a train runs along.
12. __________ is another word for taxi.
IV. Complete the sentences with the correct words. Use only one word for
each blank.
1. We waited for the train on __________ two.
2. Is there a direct train to Ha Noi? I don’t want to __________ .
3. The accident causes a long __________ jam on the motorway.
4. We had a terrible holiday because the airline lost all our __________ .
5. We __________ at 4.30 pm, but we didn’t get off the plane for an hour.

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V. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below.
reach book hail hire check in board miss check into
1. To __________ a car, you must produce a passport and a current driving licence.
2. I’ll ring the hotel. I’ll tell them we’ll __________ tomorrow.
3. The climbers __________ the summit of the mountain.
4. Please __________ at the reception desk and sign your name in the book.
5. Susan left the office and ran out on to the high street, __________ a taxi to take her
home.
6. I __________ the bus and had to wait half an hour for the next one.
7. The flight was already fully __________ .
8. Before __________ the plane, Jane tried once more to call home.

VI. Write the phrasal verbs below next to their definitions.

set off check out get off touch down
get back get on pick sb up drop sb off
check in blast off
1. __________ : arrive again at a place that you left earlier
2. __________ : leave
3. __________ : arrive at a hotel reception
4. __________ : (of a rocket) leave the ground
5. __________ : step on (a bus or a train)
6. __________ : come back to the ground
7. __________ : stop and let somebody out of a car
8. __________ : pay a hotel reception and leave
9. __________ : step off (a bus or train)
10. __________ : collect somebody in a car / bus
VII. Match the two halves of the sentences and complete them with the
correct form of verbs below. (The phrasal verbs in each half are opposite in
meaning.)
get set get touch pick
check blast check drop get
1. We __________ off at six in the morning and
2. We __________ in at the hotel,
3. You’re allowed to __________ passengers off in this area
4. You should __________ off the train at the next station
5. The space shuttle __________ off from Cape Canaveral and
a. __________ down three days later.
b. __________ back at seven the following day.
c. just as our friends were __________ out.
d. but you can’t __________ them up from here.
e. then __________ on a bus that will take you to the city centre.

Grammar
VIII. Complete the sentences with the third conditional form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. This coat __________ (be) cheaper if I __________ (buy) it in the sale.
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2. Thoa __________ (not fail) her exams if she __________ (revise) properly for them.
3. We __________ (play) football if the grass __________ (not be) very wet.
4. He __________ (not crash) his car if he __________ (not drive) so fast.
5. If you __________ (set) the alarm clock, you __________ (not be) late for school.
6. If I __________ (know) it was her birthday today, I __________ (send) her a card.
7. If I __________ (hear) the phone ring, I __________ (answer) it.
8. If you __________ (not waste) all your pocket money, you __________ (not have to)
borrow money from me!
IX. Use the clues below to write third conditional questions.
1. What / you / eat / last night / if / you / have / the choice?
__________________________________________________________________
2. Who / you / visit / last night / if / you / have / the time?
__________________________________________________________________
3. Where / you / stay / if / you / go away / last weekend?
__________________________________________________________________
4. What / you / do / if / you / feel ill / this morning?
__________________________________________________________________
5. What / you / buy / yesterday / if / you / have / the money?
__________________________________________________________________
6. Which film / you / see / if / you / go / to the cinema / last night?
__________________________________________________________________

X. Complete the third conditional questions using the clues in brackets.

1. If you had seen the accident, __________ (phone / the police)?
2. If you had needed more money, __________ (borrow / it from your dad)?
3. If you had failed the exams, __________ (retake / them)?
4. If you hadn’t decided to be a teacher, __________ (be / a doctor)?
5. If you hadn’t gone to Ha Noi on holiday, __________ (go / to Hue)?
XI. Complete the text with the present or past participle form of the verbs
below.
scare hide write build call
The story, __________ by Jack Rogers, is about a criminal 2 __________ Martin Jones.
1

Jones, 3__________ in a deserted farmhouse, sees what he thinks is a ghost. 4 __________

by the sight, he falls through the floor of the old bam. He finds himself in a tunnel 5
__________ a long time ago.
XII. Rewrite the sentences as reduced relative clauses.
1. The computer which was delivered two days ago has already broken down.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. That man who is walking towards us is my uncle.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. There was a camera which was left on the table.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. Miroslav Klose, who has spent most of his life in Germany, is a footballer from
Poland.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. There is a dog which is barking loudly in the garden.
_______________________________________________________________________________

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6. The customers who had had their meals in the restaurant started singing traditional
songs.
_______________________________________________________________________________
XIII. Find the participle clause in each sentence. Does the participle clause
express a reason or a time relation? Write R or T.
1. Not wanting to hurt her feelings, we didn’t tell Lan that she needed to improve her
cooking skills.

2. Knowing about home life in London, I was able to enjoy living there as a student.

3. Living away from home, Phong kept in touch with his family using emails and
skype.
4. Having failed his exams, Nick had to repeat them.
5. Not being familiar with the queuing system in the UK, foreigners sometimes offend
local people.

6. Using a mobile phone on the bus, you should speak quietly so that you don’t
disturb the other passengers.
XIV. Rewrite the sentences with a participle clause.
1. As she looked around the room, she felt someone tap her shoulder.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Kate waved to us because she was trying to catch our attention.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. While he was living abroad, Nam realized that it was not always easy to make
friends with foreigners.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. I asked for directions because I didn’t know where to go.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Since I didn’t want to become a doctor, I changed my programme of studies.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. After he had finished writing his essay, he felt very knowledgeable about the topic.
_______________________________________________________________________________
XV. Rewrite the sentences using shortened relative clauses.
1. I only eat food which is made with fresh ingredients.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. We visited a castle that was built in the sixteenth century.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. I saw a young girl who was stealing a CD.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. This self-portrait, which was painted by Van Gogh in 1889, is one of his finest.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Is that your dog that’s making a mess on the lawn?
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. People who work for private companies usually get paid more than those in the
public sector.
_______________________________________________________________________________

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XVI. Complete the sentences with participle clauses, using the words in
brackets.
1. Drivers ______________________ will be given a parking ticket. (park, on double lines)
2. There is a charge for books ______________________ to the library on time. (not
return)
3. Passengers ______________________ do so at their own risk. (cross the rails)
4. Children ______________________ must be collected before 6 o’clock. (leave, in the
play area)
5. The chips ______________________ were superb. (serve, with the meal)
6. Luggage ______________________ should be left on the racks outside. (not require, on
the journey)
7. All vegetables ______________________ are home-grown. (sell, in the shop)
8. Students ______________________ will automatically fail the exam. (copy, from others)
9. Travellers should note that any items ______________________ will be removed.
(leave, unattended)
10. Local police may fine pedestrians ______________________ . (not obey the lights)
XVII. Replace the underlined words in each sentence by an infinitive clause.
1. The captain was the last man who left the ship.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. He got to the summit of the mountain and was very disappointed when he found
that someone else had reached it first.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. Would you be very kind and lend me your umbrella?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. I was astonished when I heard that he had left the country.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. If he had another child with whom he could play, he would be happier.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. There was no place where we could visit.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. He put his hand into his pocket and he found that his wallet wasn’t there.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. I want a kitchen in which I can cook.
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. He was the first man who swam across the Hau River.
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. He was the only one who realised the danger.
_______________________________________________________________________________

Word Skills
XVIII. Choose the correct answers.
1. I can’t help to like / liking him.
2. He pretended not to notice / not noticing me.
3. I hope to see / seeing you again soon.
4. Can you imagine to live / living in Ha Noi?
5. I expect to hear / hearing from the college shortly.

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XIX. Choose the correct answers.
1. My friends decided to go / going to a club after the meal.
2. Kate promised to help / helping me with my English homework.
3. David suggested to go / going to visit Nick in hospital.
4. My dad refused to let / letting my brother ride his motorbike.
5. I think I avoided to make / making too many mistakes in the test.
6. I can’t stand to wait / waiting in queues.
7. Anna can’t face to see / seeing Helen again after the argument.
8. Don’t forget to watch / watching the film on TV this evening.
9. I can’t stand to wear / wearing nylon clothes. I’m allergic to synthetic materials.
10. Some celebrities don’t want to live / living outside the public eye.
11. Anna said she would come for a week, but she ended up to stay / staying two
more.
12. I’m in a hurry. I can’t stop to have / having a chat now.

XX. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Do you remember __________ (sing) that song at the karaoke evening?
2. The students failed __________ (submit) their assignments.
3. Did you remember __________ (tell) him about the meeting next week?
4. Members of the public succeeded in __________ (tie up) the bank robber.
5. Can you please stop __________ (talk)? I can’t concentrate.
6. John doesn’t usually risk __________ (drive) with hardly any petrol in the tank.
7. Mai never thinks of __________ (get) ready for school a bit earlier.
8. I’ve been trying to give up __________ (eat) desserts.
9. I was made __________ (eat) spinach as a child.
10. Tom is in a hurry. He can’t stop __________ (have) a drink with us now.

XXI. Complete the dialogue with the correct verb form of the verbs in
brackets.
A Why are you walking like that, Nick?
B I’ve been playing football and I’ve hurt my leg.
A I thought you’d stopped 1 __________ (play) football.
B No. I only stopped 2___________ (study) for my exams.
A Oh, I see. Have you tried 3 __________ (take) a painkiller?
B Yes, but it still hurts.
A Poor you! Are you going to be OK for Mum’s birthday?
B I think so. Did you remember 4 __________ (make) a cake?
A Yes, I made the cake. But I forgot 5 __________ (buy) any champagne. Can you get
some?
B OK. I’ll try 6 __________ (get) some on the way to the party. I’m looking forward it.
A Me too. I’ll never forget 7 __________ (sing) with Dad last year. He really enjoyed it.
And I’ve bought Mum a really nice blouse for her birthday.
B Again?
A Sorry?
B Don’t you remember 8 __________ (give) her that light pink one last year?
A Oh, no, you’re right. I’ve just got time to change it. Bye!
XXII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
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1. I remember __________ (meet) him when I was at middle school.
2. We stopped __________ (have) a coffee before bedtime because it was not good for
our health.
3. I won’t forget __________ (email) you his address.
4. We tried __________ (take) the motorway before but it didn’t save time.
5. Did you remember __________ (switch off) the oven?
XXIII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below.
lock reach talk turn watch win
1. We were riding home but it was such a beautiful evening that we stopped
__________ the sunset.
2. Lucy was trying __________ the biscuits at the top of the cupboard when she fell off
the chair.
3. I’ll always remember France __________ the World Cup in 2018.
4. A: I can’t get this TV to work.
B: Have you tried __________ it off and on again?
5. My aunt Hoa is lovely but she’s quite tiring to be with because she never stops
__________
6. Jack forgot __________ his bike when he went into the shop, and it was gone when
he came out.
XXIV. Match the sentences to their meanings in each pair.
1. I tried running, but I soon got bored.
2. I tried to run, but my coat was trapped in the door.
a. it was difficult
b. it was an experiment
3. We stopped to get something to eat.
4. We stopped eating and got in the car.
a. it was the reason we stopped
b. the activity stopped
5. He remembered locking the door.
6. He remembered to lock the door.
a. he didn’t forget to do the action
b. he recalled the action
7. I forgot to go to the internet cafe.
8. I’ve never forget going to an internet cafe for the first time.
a. I always keep the memory of going to an internet cafe for the first time.
b. I failed to remember to go to the internet cafe.

Use of English
XXV. Complete the text, using the correct forms of the words in brackets.
If I had to pick my favourite train journey, it 1 __________ (be) a trip on one of the old
steam trains of the East Somerset Railway. I wish all train journeys 2 __________ (be) as
colourful and picturesque as this one. As the train 3 __________ (set) off from the
station, a guard with a whistle 4 __________ (wave) a flag and you feel as if you 5
__________ (go) back in time to another era. The return trip is about five miles long,
and the train 6 __________ (pull) all the way by a beautiful old steam engine. The train
meanders along through the wonderful countryside past the hills. If you feel like
stopping off during the journey, Crain Station is the ideal place to take a break and
see how these amazing old steam engines 7__________ (restore) over the years by
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expert engineers who have dedicated their time to preserving this traditional way of
travelling. If the weather 8 __________ (be) good, you can also get out at Merryfield Halt
and enjoy a picnic before 9 __________ (continue) your journey through fantastic
countryside back to the station. I 10 __________ (travel) on faster and more comfortable
trains, but there’s something special about sitting back, relaxing and enjoying this
lovely journey into the past.
XXVI. Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets.
A Trip of a Lifetime
I’m not usually a very __________ (adventure) kind of person. I don’t like having too
1

much 2 __________ (excite) in my life, but the trip that I took on the river at the Iguacu
Falls between Brazil and Argentina was just fantastic and totally 3 __________ (forget).
We stayed in a small hotel in the town centre and the next day we got on a 4
__________ (crowd) bus to go to Iguacu Park, where the waterfalls are. We got off the
bus near a very 5 __________ (luxury) hotel - the only hotel in the park - and then
walked down the path. You can go close to the waterfalls, and you get very wet from
the spray. The day we went, it was a bit 6 __________ (cloud) but we took some great
photographs anyway. The scenery is 7 __________ (spectacle).
Then we decided to go on a river trip to the falls. You get into an inflatable boat and
ride up the river to the base of the waterfalls. The noise is 8 __________ (incredible)
loud! But you have to be a bit careful because the water is rough and so it is a little bit
9
__________ (danger) to be there.
Back at the hotel, we had an hour of 10 __________ (relax) before dinner, and we talked
about all the fantastic things we had seen.

Reading
XXVII. Read the text, and mark the sentences T (true), or F (false).
An unforgettable experience
The trip of his lifetime was definitely the month David spent in Ecuador on an animal
rescue project in his gap year. He’d done a temporary job for six months to finance his
trip, and he had the most amazing time imaginable.
He stayed with eight other volunteers in the Santa Martha Rescue Centre, which is
situated in a rural part of the Andes, surrounded by volcanoes. The centre cares for
animals that have been treated badly by their owners and range from jaguars and
pumas to monkeys and parrots. Their job was to feed the animals and keep them
clean.
A typical day started at 7 am when they had to give the animals their breakfast before
having their own. After breakfast they helped the local staff with maintenance jobs
around the centre, like repairing cages and building new enclosures. They normally
stopped at around 2 pm, and then went back to feed the animals again at 4 pm.
He spent most of his time chopping fruit for the animal, but the best bit was entering
the cages and feeding them. His favourites were the baby monkeys who greeted him
each morning by jumping all over him and pulling his hair. Watering the young cats
was slightly more dangerous and he had to do it in pairs. One person would entertain
the cats while the other opened the cages and grabbed the water bowls. They filled
the adults’ bowls from outside the enclosure, which seemed like a much more sensible
idea to him.
The whole trip was unforgettable, and he would recommend everyone to take a gap
year. They gain confidence and become more self-sufficient as well as getting hands-
on experience of their degree subject. Just earn some money, book the trip you fancy
most and get out there and do it.
1. David didn’t have to pay for the trip.
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2. There were eight volunteers staying at the centre.
3. The volunteers had to rescue the animals from cruel owners.
4. They had to feed the animals immediately after breakfast.
5. The volunteers entered some of the cages to feed the animals.
6. They didn’t open the enclosures of the big cats.
7. David thinks that gap years are character-building, but don’t help you
academically.
XXVIII. Read the passage about green cities, and then answer the questions.
What makes a city green? Factors such as recycling, renewable energy, transportation
options, building construction, air quality and emissions make green cities great. Here
are some cities that are doing their part to lead us on the global path to a greener
future.
Working towards the goal of being the first carbon-neutral capital before 2025,
Copenhagen has made a lot of necessary changes. Lots of electric and manual bikes,
organic food, clean water, sustainable buildings and hotels, lots of green space and
fewer cars are just a few of the ways that help Copenhagen stand at the top of the
green cities list.
As the UK’s 8th biggest city, and with a steadily growing economy, Bristol is set on
making its mark, not only in the UK, but in Europe as well. The next five years will see
a huge focus on transportation and renewable energy in the city, as well as a goal of
doubling the number of cyclists in that time as well. Bristol is becoming a hub for jobs
in low carbon sectors.
Vancouver is pleasant for so many reasons - it’s mild and it leads the way for forward
thinking and environmental awareness in North America. Residents are very fond of
walking and cycling, and government laws have been designed with greenness in
mind. It’s often considered to be one of the most liveable cities in the world, and that
isn’t enough, it’s working towards being powered entirely by renewable energy by the
year 2050.
1. What makes a city green?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Why does Copenhagen stand at the top of the green cities list?
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What will Bristol focus on in the next five years?
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Which economic sector will Bristol concentrate on?
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Why is Vancouver becoming attractive in North America?
______________________________________________________________________________
6. What purpose will Vancouver try to achieve by the year 2050?
______________________________________________________________________________

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 ANSWER KEYS
(BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH 11 – FRIENDS GLOBAL 11)

Starter unit: Introduction

IA. Vocabulary
I
1. cathedral 2. fountain 3. botanical garden 4. aquarium
5. harbour 6. water park 7. statue 8. palace
9. ruins 10. safari park
II
1. safari park 2. castle 3. aquarium 4. art gallery
5. monument 6. harbour 7. museum 8. tower
9. shopping district 10. theme park
III
1. c 2. a 3. g 4. b 5. f 6. d 7. e
IV
1. happy 2. disappointed 3. bored 4. tired
5. thrilled 6. surprised 7. sad
V
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B
VI
1. serious 2. ambitious 3. shy 4. friendly 5. generous 6. positive 7. moody
VII
1. inexpensive 2. unlucky 3. impatient
4. unfriendly 5. unhealthy 6. impolite
VIII
1. unkind 2. incorrect 3. unhappy 4. unfriendly
5. uncomfortable 6. informal 7. unlucky 8. intolerant
IX
1. boring 2. surprised 3. bored 4. annoying 5. relaxed
6. surprising 7. confused 8. embarrassed 9. tired 10. disappointing
IB. Grammar
I
1. get up 2. is singing 3. are always leaving 4. starts 5. are going 6. rides
II
1. don’t usually go 2. is following 3. does your exam complete
4. Are you watching 5. eat 6. Are you going out
7. doesn’t open 8. are you wearing

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III
1. think 2. isn’t enjoying 3. Are you having 4. wants 5. does – belong

IV
1. am seeing – see 2. tastes – am tasting 3. smell – is smelling
4. feels – is feeling 5. looks – is looking

V
1. doesn’t walk – is walking 2. are/meeting – does/start
3. is living – lives 4. wears – is wearing
5. are/speaking – don’t speak 6. is always interrupting – never interrupts

VI
1. do – come 2. am staying 3. Do – like 4. am having 5. am studying
6. do – do 7. work 8. am not working 9. Do – want
VII
1. b 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. b 10. a

VIII
1. goes 2. am having 3. go 4. is opening
5. going out 6. is raining 7. are – playing 8. have

IX
1. He needs a new coat. 4. We believe in animal rights.
2. I want a drink of water. 5. They like ice cream in the summer.
3. I prefer fish to meat. 6. We hate walking to school in the rain.

X
1. Does he need a glass of water?
2. Is she going home now?
3. Does this jacket belong to you?
4. Do you like dancing?
5. What are you listening to at the moment?
6. Do they prefer rap or pop?
7. Are you enjoying this party?
8. Does she want to go home now?

XI
1. Ø 2. Ø 3. a 4. a 5. the 6. an / the 7. a – an

XII
1. an 2. Ø 3. a 4. the 5. The 6. the 7. The
8. a 9. the 10. a 11. Ø 12. the 13. the
XIII
1. will get 2. will be 3. am going to meet – are going to go
4. are going to have 5. are going to do 6. is going to take
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XIV
1. will get 2. am going to visit 3. won’t come
4. Is – going to open 5. will like 6. isn’t going to buy

Unit 1: Generations

1A. Vocabulary
I
1. toddler 2. centenarian 3. infants 4. adult
5. child 6. elderly 7. teens 8. middle-aged

II
1. Childhood 2. early 3. Adolescence 4. early twenties
5. adulthood 6. Start a career 7. Settle down 8. Bring up a family
9. Retire 10. old age 11. elderly
III
1. born 2. brought up 3. emigrated 4. love 5. divorced
6. inherited 7. business 8. passed away 9. retire 10. settle down

IV
1. aggressive 2. bitter 3. optimistic 4. urgent 5. grateful
6. sympathetic 7. accusing 8. complimentary 9. nostalgic 10. enthusiastic
V
1. adolescent 2. adolescence 3. dependence 4. dependent
5. freedom 6. free 7. emotional 8. emotion
9. private 10. privacy 11. idealist 12. ideal

1B. Grammar
I
1. stopped 2. listened 3. was watching 4. had 5. was raining

II
1. was interviewing 2. had checked 3. bought 4. was eating 5. had finished
III
1. was getting 2. was listening – didn’t hear 3. broke – was playing
4. was shining – decided 5. was waiting – saw 6. had – got
IV
1. Did you buy 2. had gone 3. got up 4. were you doing
5. had forgotten 6. didn’t go 7. were playing 8. was shining

V
1. Their car stopped because they hadn’t bought any petrol.

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 2. Kate had a shower after she had played football.
3. Jack bought a new cellphone because he had lost the old one.
4. His dad shouted at Peter because he had broken the TV set.
5. The plants died because we had forgotten to water the plants.
6. I left the house after I had locked the front door.

VI
1. called 2. was shining 3. had seen 4. were – talking 5. didn’t like
6. had played 7. were preparing 8. stopped 9. fell 10. had known

VII
1. returned 2. had – heard 3. had forgotten 4. became 5. did – stop
VIII
1. had eaten 2. hadn’t played 3. didn’t get 4. hadn’t
5. got 6. went 7. was 8. given
IX
1. went 2. arrived 3. were walking 4. was coming
5. wasn’t raining 6. had started 7. were 8. had watched
9. hadn’t seen 10. was raining 11. were cheering 12. had damaged
X
1. had been sailing 2. was 3. had hit 4. was pouring
5. made 6. had 7. spent 8. was rising
9. arrived 10. had spent
XI
1. went 2. were helping 3. had left 4. sat 5. took 6. flew
XII
1. didn’t use 2. used 3. didn’t use 4. didn’t use
5. Did you 6. Did he use 7. Did your dad use
XIII
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B
XIV
1. didn’t use to like 2. used to have 3. didn’t use to have
4. did the Ancient Greeks use to play 5. Did your mother use to get
XV
1. used to hate 2. used to travel 3. did – use to watch
4. didn’t use to wear 5. used to live
XVI
1. used to be 2. did not use to like 3. did not use to live 4. did not use to eat
5. used to do 6. used to have 7. used to be
XVII
1. use 2. used 3. often 4. worked 5. are 6. used
XVIII
1. d 2. f 3. e 4. c 5. b 6. a
XIX
1. used to have – has 2. used to be – is
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 3. used to wear 4. didn’t use to wear
5. used to have – has 6. used to see – sees
7. didn’t use to carry 8. used to go – goes
XX
1. have 2. writing 3. go 4. living 5. working 6. smoke

XXI
1. used to do 2. used to be 3. get used to
4. used to 5. am used to 6. used to it

XXII
1. used to travel 2. had visited 3. used to take 4. had finished
5. used to change 6. had lived 7. had started

XXIII
1. is 2. get 3. got 4. get 5. Are 6. weren’t

XXIV
1. Are – getting used to 3. am not used to 5. get used to
2. is used to 4. weren’t used to 6. got used to
XXV
1. be 2. hearing 3. having 4. eating
5. wear 6. seeing 7. living 8. riding

XXVI
1. used to 2. was used to 3. got used to 4. used to
5. got used to 6. was used to 7. am used to 8. get used to

1C. Word skills

I
1. came back 2. to give up 3. stayed in 4. grows up
5. going out 6. fell through 7. stood up 8. hold on

II
1, 4, 8: ✔
2. The plane didn’t take off the runway until midnight.
3. They grew up their childhood in a village in Central Viet Nam.
5. Jane and her sister got up themselves and went to school.
6. Jack stood up the room and started to speak.
7. He sat down the chair and began to read the book.
III
1. put on 2. call back 3. put away 4. called off
5. looking for 6. run out of 7. look after 8. looking forward to

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IV
1. get on with c 5. look down on b
2. fall out with f 6. come up with e
3. get away with d 7. look up to h
4. put up with g 8. go out with a V
1. came up with 2. put up with 3. look up to 4. fallen out with
5. get on with 6. been going out with 7. look down on 8. got away with

VI
1. got away with 2. came up with 3. put up with 4. fallen out with
5. got round to it 6. lives up to 7. puts it down to 8. owned up to

VII
1. out 2. up 3. apart 4. down 5. over
1D. Reading
I
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D
II
1. They are: a teenager is getting bad grades at school, a teen is hanging out
with a bad crowd, and a parent is very strict with their teenager.
2. That teen may have difficulty in graduating from high school and getting into
college, or getting scholarships for school.
3. Because their teen can end up doing those bad things too.
4. A teenager wants to rebel when his parent is very strict with him.
5. They are: both parties should communicate with each other, teenagers should
do things together with their parents, or they go to a family counselor.

III
Task 1: C
Task 2
1. laptop 2. online 3. homepage 4. offline 5. upload 6. real-
time
Task 3
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. T
IV
Task 1
1. F 2. C 3. H 4. A 5. G 6. D
Task 2
1. turn … into 2. grow up 3. bring out 4. come down to
5. end up 6. get on with 7. storm out 8. answer back
V
Task 1
1. T
2. F. By using empathy, people of different ages can communicate and learn to
work together better.

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 3. F. It informs and teaches because it explains what the generation gap is, the
problems it might cause, and a possible solution.
Task 2
1. C 2. E 3. A 4. B 5. F 6. D
Task 3: c
VI
Task 1
1. f 2. a 3. e 4. d 5. c
Task 2
1. D 2. E 3. A 4. B

VII
Task 1: C
Task 2
1. E 2. C 3. F 4. A

VIII
Task 1: A
Task 2
1. G 2. C 3. A 4. H 5. E 6. D
Task 3
1. 80%: the percentage of teenagers who say they have nothing to do and
nowhere to go
2. 16,000: the number of teenagers that the researchers have asked to find out
their lifestyle
3. 12%: the percentage of the teenagers interviewed belong to a gang
4. 62%: the percentage of the teenagers interviewed said that they did not know
where to go to get help or information if they needed it
5. £13 billion: the amount of money that youth crime costs
6. £1.6 billion: the amount of money spent by government on positive prevention
and youth programmes
7. £35,000: the amount of money that it costs to put a young person in a
detention centre for a year

1E. Speaking
I
1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. b 10. a

II
1. I don’t think you should / ought to treat your exchange student as a guest.
2. You should / ought to consider your exchange student part of the family.
3. You should / ought to establish trust and friendship with your exchange
student by providing a safe and welcoming environment.
4. You should / ought to get them involve in your family’s daily activities.
5. You should / ought to explain to your students how to find and use things
around your house.

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 6. You should / ought to establish and communicate household rules and
expectations as soon as the student arrives.
7. You should / ought to know all important contacts and numbers of the student.
8. You shouldn’t / oughtn’t to ask the student to do a lot of housework around
your house.

III
1. You should / ought to communicate with people around you to make the most
of your trip.
2. You should / ought to learn which banks accept your credit card.
3. You should / ought to invest in travel insurance to cover your medical costs.
4. You should / ought to try to learn some basic phrases
5. You should / ought to consider downloading some translation apps to your
phone.
6. You shouldn’t / oughtn’t to panic.
7. You should / ought to do research about the country beforehand, so you have
a better idea of what to expect once you arrive.

1F. Writing
I
Hi! My name is Phong. I’m sixteen years old and I live in Ho Chi Minh City in Viet Nam. I live with
my parents and my younger sister – she’s thirteen. I’m a high school student in Grade 11, and English
is my foreign language and I have four lessons a week.
I’m a huge fan of Manchester City FC. I think we can have many things to exchange because you’re a
fan of Manchester City too.
I’m interested in chatting with you or your friends in English using Facebook or Messenger. Please
send me a message and tell me a little about yourself, your family and your hobbies. I’m waiting to
hear from you.
II
There are several reasons why I would like to have a penfriend in other countries. First, writing to my
penfriend allows me to feel connected and appreciated. I think having a penfriend is a good way to
keep in touch with peers around the world. Next, chatting with my pen pal allows me to understand
areas of the world other than my own. We can’t travel all over the world during our lives. Then,
writing with someone who share my interests is very interesting. It can open me up to new ideas and
make me motivated to go to my next projects. Finally, my penfriend can make me feel more confident.
They can realise my strength and give me pieces of advice.

Review Unit 1

Vocabulary
I
1. elderly 2. infants 3. adults 4. centenarians
5. child 6. teens 7. middle-aged 8. twenties

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II
1. settle down 2. retire 3. passed away 4. job 5. inherit
6. born 7. grandfather 8. divorced 9. love 10. emigrated

III
1. complimentary 2. nostalgic 3. arrogant 4. enthusiastic 5. urgent
6. grateful 7. sympathetic 8. pessimistic 9. sarcastic 10. miserable

IV
1. critical 2. criticism 3. concern 4. concerning
5. impatient 6. impatience 7. safety 8. safe
9. irritation 10. irritating 11. distrustful 12. distrust

V
1. C 2. D 3. F 4. E 5. B 6. G 7. A
VI
1. hearing 2. stupid 3. respect 4. helpless 5. grey hair
6. experience 7. internet 8. horrible 9. different 10. fashion

Grammar
VII
1. appeared 2. had left 3. wasn’t raining 4. heard
5. Did you feel 6. had left 7. were still sleeping 8. did she feel
9. Was the sun shining 10. began
VIII
1. broke – was playing 2. was shining – decided 3. was listening – didn’t hear
4. was waiting – saw 5. stopped – was getting 6. were having – got

IX
1. shouted – hadn’t tidied 2. got – hadn’t practised 3. wasn’t – had left
4. had run – felt 5. hadn’t phoned – went 6. arrived – had started
7. had finished – went

X
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B

XI
1. were looking – was raining – were looking – met – didn’t know – gave
2. visited – had – was walking – got – was – found – called
3. waited – was crossing – dropped – got out – helped
4. was standing – gave – didn’t want

XII
1. was walking 2. heard 3. sounded 4. was passing 5. looked

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 6. saw 7. was making 8. were shining 9. realised 10. were making

XIII
1. went – had finished 2. got – had forgotten 3. got – found – had left
4. was – had broken 5. got – had already started

XIV
1. had seen 2. had been 3. were eating 4. had stolen 5. didn’t – start
XV
1. brought 2. were talking 3. went 4. stood
5. told 6. thought 7. decided 8. fell
9. had been 10. ran 11. had happened

XVI
1. used to drive 2. Did – use to play 3. used to work
4. didn’t use to wear 5. used to eat 6. didn’t use to be
7. used to live 8. used to study 9. didn’t use to exercise

XVII
1. is 2. get 3. get 4. got 5. is
6. was 7. get 8. are 9. get
XVIII
1. used to go 2. didn’t use to let 3. did – use to live
4. Did – use to help 5. didn’t use to eat
XIX
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. T

Word skills
XX
1. put up with f 5. look down on b
2. fall out with h 6. walk out on e
3. carry on with a 7. look up tog
4. get on with c 8. go out with d
XXI
1. puts up with 2. go out with 3. carry on with 4. fell out with
5. look up to 6. looks down on 7. walked out on 8. gets on – with
XXII
1. on 2. out 3. out 4. away 5. back

Use of English
XXIII
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B

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Reading
XXIV
Task 1
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T
Task 2
1. silly 2. making faces 3. abroad
4. sharing 5. realises 6. dish
Task 3
1. dish 2. silly 3. sharing
4. makes faces 5. abroad 6. realise
XXV
Task 1
1. around 1880-1895
2. 1945 to about 1960
3. A novel: Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture
4. Rebelling against their parents’ values, not wanting to work for the same
company their whole life
5. between 1980s and 1990s
6. Love of technology, amazing networkers, constantly online, great multitaskers
Task 2
1. Socrates say about the younger generation
2. begin naming each generation
3. people were killed in World War I
4. after the Second World War from 1945-1960
5. wrote Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation / first described
Generation Y in detail
6. people used the internet in 2010
Task 3
1. E 2. D 3. C 4. F 5. B 6. A

Unit 2: Leisure time

2A. Vocabulary
I
1. athletics 2. badminton 3. baseball 4. basketball
5. cycling 6. football 7. golf 8. gymnastics
9. ice hockey 10. judo 11. swimming 12. volleyball
II
1. competed – won 2. scored 3. passed 4. lost 5. missed 6. served
III
1. cake 2. information 3. picture 4. hanging out 5. clothes
6. book 7. friends 8. social media 9. video 10. chess
IV
1. pie 2. stew 3. pudding 4. soup 5. sandwich 6. Risotto
V
1. bungee jumping 2. mountain climbing 3. parkour 4. abseiling
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 5. bodyboarding 6. snowboarding 7. karting 8. kayaking
9. hang-gliding 10. surfing
VI
1. G 2. D 3. I 4. C 5. A
6. J 7. E 8. B 9. H 10. F
2B. Grammar
I
1. haven’t done 2. became 3. have been 4. Has the match finished
5. gone 6. broke 7. started 8. has just scored
II
1. have had 2. worked 3. has scored
4. Did / lock – went 5. left
6. has changed – moved 7. have never met

III
1. moved 2. have known 3. haven’t failed 4. broke
5. went 6. Have – finished 7. started 8. haven’t gone

IV
1. had – has had 2. has broken – broke
3. has played – played 4. lost – has lost

V
1. took 2. hasn’t missed 3. cried
4. has seen 5. scored 6. went

VI
1. has taken 2. was 3. began 4. has always existed
5. has always been 6. gave 7. has appeared 8. appeared
9. has become 10. has never had

VII
1. grew up 2. has lived 3. has become 4. made
5. posted 6. watched 7. has already had 8. hasn’t been
9. has given up 10. has enjoyed 11. has had 12. has just broken
VIII
1. for 2. since 3. lately 4. already 5. yet 6. still

IX
a. haven’t been feeling c. have been sitting e. have been
eating
b. have been painting d. have been working f. has been raining
1. e 2. c 3. f 4. b 5. a 6. d

X
1. has your uncle been cycling 2. hasn’t been going 3. has been playing
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 4. have you been waiting 5. have been getting up
6. haven’t been listening 7. has been studying 8. has been shouting
9. have been helping 10. has been practising

XI
1. has liked 2. have sold 3. have you been designing
4. has Nam seen 5. has broken 6. have you been doing
7. have been reading 8. have they offered 9. has only taught
10. has been flying 11. have played 12. have seen

XII
1. have been looking – haven’t found 6. have – seen
2. have been learning 7. have known
3. have read 8. Have – been crying
4. has been going – has bought 9. have been helping
5. has been doing – hasn’t finished 10. has been playing

XIII
1 a have been watching b Have you watched
2 a has never run b has been running
3 a has studied b has been studying
4 a has cut b has been cutting
5 a have been tidying b has tidied
6 a has read b have been reading
7 a have been spending b have spent
8 a have been having b have had
9 a have been talking b have talked
10 a have gone out b have been going out

XIV
1. have been reading – have read 5. has been filming – has filmed
2. has walked – has been walking 6. have eaten – have been eating
3. has been watching – has watched 7. have tried – have been trying
4. has been going – has gone 8. has been swimming – has swum

XV
1. has been working 2. has had 3. has been surfing 4. has had
5. has been lifting 6. has been waiting 7. has passed 8. hasn’t eaten
9. has won 10. has finished

XVI
1. c; has been eating 2. e; have sent 3. f; have been waiting
4. a; has twisted 5. b; has cooked 6. h; have been playing
7. d; have broken 8. g; have done
XVII
1. has been playing 2. has been playing 3. have been getting

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 4. have been taking 5. haven’t been using 6. have been surfing
7. has conducted 8. have shown

XVIII
1. has been playing 2. has been 3. has been training
4. has won 5. has even beaten 6. hasn’t won
7. has been living 8. has already published

2C. Word skills

I
1. I 2. H 3. F 4. J 5. A
6. C 7. B 8. E 9. D 10. G

II
1. acid rain 2. greenhouse effect 3. Global warming 4. rainforest
5. ozone layer 6. carbon emissions 7. endangered species 8. Solar power

III
1. tower block 2. tennis courts 3. flood lights 4. football pitch
5. seashore 6. safety net 7. swimming pool 8. mountain range
IV
1. rink 2. alley 3. studios 4. ring
5. track 6. wall 7. pool – course 8. field

V
1. camp 2. headline 3. goers 4. line
5. shuttle 6. mainland 7. lover

VI
1. ring 2. track 3. goggles 4. gloves
5. course 6. shuttlecock 7. helmet 8. rink

VII
high-heeled hard-working old-fashioned good-looking
bad-tempered well-known easy-going long-haired
VIII
1. easy-going 2. old-fashioned 3. high-heeled 4. hard-working
5. bad-tempered 6. good-looking 7. well-known 8. long-haired

IX
1. easy-going 2. hard-working 3. well-known 4. long-haired
5. old-fashioned 6. good-looking 7. high-heeled 8. bad-tempered

X
1. I’m sorry but I’ll have to get back to work – this project is very time-
consuming.
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 2. In a race that is record breaking, Daniel Nduka wins the London Marathon.
3. The company tries to be / become money-saving then suddenly come up with
the funds when they’re really needed.
4. I had to close my eyes before going into the room – it was so brightly lit in there.
5. I had to have a five-month wait before I had an operation to repair my knee.
Pronunciation
roller coaster dining room credit card middle school bus pass
swimming pool stop sign solar power fire alarm golf ball
2D. Reading
I
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. F

II
Task 1
1. famous 2. coach 3. win 4. played 5. team
6. joined 7. retired 8. admire 9. scored 10. games
Task 2
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
III
Task 1
85: the percentage of British teenagers who prefer playing computer games on their own
1,152 million: the number of pounds that British shoppers spent on computer games in 2003
75: the percentage of British teenagers who played team sports in the 1970s
Task 2
1. In the UK, boys are more interested in computer games.
2. Teenagers in the UK watch more TV than teenagers in other European
countries.
3. About a third of children in the UK have a video recorder in their bedroom.
4. Less than half of teenagers in the UK today play team sports.
5. Because they’re too expensive for most teenagers.
6. Teenagers in the UK spend on average 2.5 hours watching TV a day.

IV
1. There are eight rowers in a team.
2. Because the boat doesn’t have to carry much extra weight.
3. They begin training in September.
4. There are practice races in December.
5. It is 6,779 metres long.
6. About 250,000 spectators watch the race from the banks of the river every
year.

V
Task 1
1. d 2. f 3. a 4. c 5. e 6. b
Task 2
2, 5, 6, 8: true
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 1. F. She was lying sideways on her surfboard.
3. F. The shark only took a piece of her board.
4. F. The shark swam away.
7. F. Less than a year after the accident she won first place in a surfing
competition in Hawaii.
Task 3
1. splashes 2. waves 3. paddle 4. shore 5. floating 6. surface

VI
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B

VII
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B
6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. A
VIII
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D

2E. Speaking
I
1. b 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. a 10. a

II
1. mountain biking can help strengthen your lower body, especially your legs
because when biking, you use your lower body
2. it also helps your body in general, because you are working out your whole body
3. Mountain biking is an enjoyable activity but it is also dangerous.
4. It can be hard for beginners to get used to the riding position, and it can be
uncomfortable for the neck and wrists.
5. It can also help with your overall mood because it allows your body to feel
good and get more energy.
6. No matter your physical condition or ability, there is a trail out there for you
just waiting to be explored.
7. Hiking is a wonderful type of exercise as you have complete control over what
you do, where you go, and how long you spend doing it.
8. you don’t always have good weather all the time
9. hiking with a friend, or even with a group of friends, is a wonderful way of
enjoying life
10. it can be a social event and provide a space for you to free up your mind and
to laugh

III
1. the indoor bouldering gym is a great place to train
2. There are opportunities in indoor climbing with exercise equipment.
3. You may get hurt, and it gets worse for people who are afraid of heights.
4. There is usually sufficient padding surrounding the entire fall area so injuries
are minimal.
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 5. You can be creative and express yourself through movement while also
running, jumping, and getting fit.
6. if you’re completely new to the activity, it can be hard to get started
7. it can be confusing and dangerous if you don’t know what to do and just go
jumping like an idiot.
8. you can go to a class or watch a few YouTube videos
9. You don’t need any special gear to do parkour.
10. You can do a couple of easier climbs and then work your up to harder climbs.

IV
1. didn’t 2. playing 3. did 4. ago 5. loved 6. gave
7. having 8. played 9. have 10. taken 11. practising 12. for

2F. Writing
Last Sunday morning, we organised an introductory meeting of the English Club in our school this
schoolyear. The event took place at the school auditorium from 8 o’clock in the morning with over 40
members.
An English Club is a place for students to use English in a casual setting. We get a chance to practise
many different skills in a setting that is more like real life. In addition, we feel more comfortable using
English with friendly students from other classes and we’ll certainly have a lot of fun.
At the first meeting, members learned each other’s names and discussed the way to organise the club.
We organised the club by voting and choosing the boards of leaders, putting in the agenda the themes
(music, travel, food …) and skills
(reading, writing, listening …). At the meeting, we also discussed the rules and routines the club
should have. For example, our English Club would have an ‘English only’ rule, what about bringing a
friend, conducting each club meeting in a similar way …
In my view, the day was a great success. Everyone seemed to have a good time. We will post the
agenda of the coming meeting on the library bulletin board with the email address at the top so that
our school friends can email us with any ideas they might have. We may even want to find a fluent
English speaker who will volunteer to come to our meetings.

Review Unit 2
Vocabulary
I
1. video blog 2. baked 3. collecting 4. hanging out
5. read 6. Text 7. went 8. do
Grammar
II
1. did – start 2. made 3. did – discover 4. have been 5. found
6. have – broken 7. have broken 8. Have – had 9. swam 10. weren’t
III
1. have been working 2. have been – have never visited
3. have you spent 4. have you been waiting
5. have recorded 6. have been learning

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IV
1. has been raining 2. have – crashed 3. Have – met 4. Have – been cooking
5. haven’t finished 6. haven’t done 7. have – wanted 8. have – understood
9. Have you thought 10. have been washing
V
1. Have / seen 2. have been ringing 3. has been taking
4. has forgotten 5. have selected 6. has been playing
VI
1. have been planning 2. have received 3. have you seen
4. has been writing 5. haven’t known 6. have been trying
7. has been painting 8. haven’t included 9. have you been doing
10. has been working Both: 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10
VII
1. have / been knowing 2. don’t go
3. don’t care – are thinking
4. has been raining 5. like – prefer 6. have been reading

VIII
1. Did – watch 2. Have – heard 3. have travelled 4. delivered
5. has left 6. have tried 7. has – been

IX
1. been working 2. been researching 3. replied
4. been learning 5. done 6. cooked

X
1. since 2. just 3. already 4. for 5. yet 6. ago 7. since

XI
1. What have you been watching on TV recently?
2. How long have you been learning English?
3. Have you been working hard recently?
4. How long have you been knowing your teacher?
5. Has your best friend seemed happy recently?
6. How much has it rained this month?
7. What time has you gone to bed recently?
8. How well have you understood this grammar lesson?

XII
1. have been travelling 6. have found
2. have visited 7. has been presenting
3. have often wanted 8. have told
4. have often known 9. has been
5. have been exploring 10. have recently appeared

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Word skills
XIII
1. pool 2. ranges 3. pitch 4. seashore
5. player 6. court 7. alley 8. rink
9. ring 10. course 11. wall 12. studio
XIV
1. good-looking 2. old-fashioned 3. hard-working
4. easy-going 5. well-known

XV
1. long-legged 2. broad-shouldered 3. short-haired 4. old-
fashioned
5. tight-fitting 6. good-looking 7. high-heeled 8. dark-skinned
9. sun-tanned 10. blue-eyed

Use of English
XVI
1. as 2. in 3. to 4. on 5. long
6. ever 7. there 8. of 9. are 10. in

Reading
XVII
1. G 2. D 3. A 4. E 5. H 6. B 7. F

Unit 3: Sustainable health

3A. Vocabulary
I
1. heart 2. stomach 3. Blood 4. brain
5. spine 6. ribs 7. lungs 8. liver
II
1. eye 2. wrist 3. eyelid 4. necks 5. leg
III
1. heart 2. circulation 3. breathing 4. lungs 5. skin
IV
1. medicine 2. antibiotics 3. bandage 4. X-ray
5. cream 6. dressing 7. painkillers
V
1. shoulder 2. wrist 3. ankle 4. elbow
5. neck 6. toe 7. finger 8. knee
VI
1. What’s wrong with your toe? Are you OK? – No, I think I’ve cut it.
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 2. What’s wrong with your shoulder? Are you OK? – No, I think I’ve burnt it.
3. What’s wrong with your finger? Are you OK? – No, I think I’ve broken it.
4. What’s wrong with your knee? Are you OK? – No, I think I’ve injured it.
5. What’s wrong with your ankle? Are you OK? – No, I think I’ve sprained it.
VII
1. nosebleed 2. wrist 3. bone 4. knee
5. yourself 6. head 7. ankle 8. black eye
VIII
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B
IX
1. swollen 2. dizzy 3. stiff 4. temperature
5. itchy 6. blocked up 7. rash 8. sore
X
1. ankle 2. throat 3. chin 4. shoulder
5. knees 6. finger 7. thumb 8. forehead
9. toothache 10. cough 11. chest 12. back
XI
1. flu 2. earache 3. ache 4. throat
5. headache 6. toothache 7. temperature 8. fever
XII
1. anxious 2. afraid 3. nervous 4. ashamed5. proud
6. envious 7. surprised 8. depressed 9. cross 10. disgusted

3B. Grammar
I
1. can’t 2. must 3. must 4. can’t
5. must 6. must 7. can’t 8. must
II
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B
III
1. a 2. c 3. c 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. b
IV
1. We won’t win the match tonight.
2. Phong might not be at home right now.
3. Mai may know the answer to the homework.
4. I will pass the final exams this year.
5. My parents will pay for my holiday this summer.
6. Bill will win the next competition.
7. I may study biology at university.
8. Mai may pass the exams.
9. They won’t arrive before 1 pm.
10. We might not see you until Tuesday.
V
1. children might learn at virtual schools
2. students won’t need notebooks
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 3. school might not teach foreign languages
4. an asteroid probably won’t hit the Earth
5. all cars might run on solar power
6. books will probably disappear
7. libraries may not exist any more
8. people will work from home
VI
1. e 2. f 3. g 4. c 5. h 6. d 7. a 8. b
VII
1. will have eaten 2. will have lived 3. will have disappeared
4. will have melted 5. will have risen 6. will have died
VIII
1. I’ll be sleeping 2. you’ll have spent 3. will have been going
4. I’ll have finished 5. she’ll be working 6. will have been living
7. we’ll have travelled 8. he’ll be studying
IX
1. won’t have finished 2. will have been writing 3. will have been
4. will have read 5. will have been building 6. will have cooked
7. will have been waiting 8. will have arrived

X
1. will have finished 2. will be travelling 3.will have started
4. will have bought 5. will be getting 6. will have had
7. will have had 8. will be retiring
XI
1. By June I will have finished my exams.
2. At 10 o’clock we will be landing in Ha Noi.
3. In October my brother will be starting work.
4. By December my dad will have had his driving test.
5. By March they will have moved house.
6. In August we will be going on holiday.
7. By November my aunt will have got married.
XII
1. Will you be coming 2. will be waiting 3. will be riding
4. will have taken 5. will be coming 6. will have finished
7. will have printed 8. will be discussing
XIII
1. will have gone 2. will be living 3. will have finished 4. will be flying
5. will have done 6. Will – be having 7. will have started
XIV
1. will be studying 2. will have finished 3. will be working 4. will be living
5. will have learned 6. will have run 7. will be working
3C. Word skills
I
1. musicians 2. assistant 3. actress 4. attendant 5. trainee

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II
1. excitement 2. confusion 3. embarrassment
4. homesickness 5. sadness 6. disappointment
III
1. amazing 2. impossible 3. hopeful 4. encouragement 5. surprised
6. difference 7. competition 8. unhappy 9. Unfortunately
3D. Reading
I
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A
II
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. F 5. C
III
Task 1
A: 2, 3 B: 1, 5 C: 4, 6
Task 2
1. C 2. A 3. E 4. F 5. D
Task 3
1. to learn the skill
2. in order to get medical treatment for burnt soles
3. They ask for volunteers from the audience so that they can hypnotise them.
4. in order to protect the public from irresponsible hypnotists
5. in order to test his claims

IV
Task 1:
Emily and Leonard Shelby can’t form new memories. Henry and Jason
Bourne can’t remember the distant past. Task 2
Emily: 3, 4 Henry: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7
Task 3
1. realise – realised 2. memorise – memorised
3. solve – solve 4. doubt – doubt
5. recall – recall 6. remind – remind
7. recognise – recognise 8. conclude – concluded

Pronunciation
1. Life | expectancy | has generally | increased | over the past | few decades.
2. A good | night’s | sleep | is very important.
3. He does | exercise | every morning, | and goes | to bed early.
4. I prefer | fresh | fruits | and vegetables.
5. She joined | a fitness | class | for overweight | people.
6. Healthy | skin | is essential | to human | survival.
7. Eating | fast | food | will increase | your chances | of developing | heart |
diseases.
8. It is hard | to sleep | on a full | stomach.

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3E. Speaking
I
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. a 9. a 10. b

II
1. gets on the floors on all fours, positioning her hands slightly wider than her
shoulders
2. extends her legs back, and she is balanced on her hands and toes
3. exhales while pushing up through the hands, returning to the start position
4. standing directly below a pull-up bar, placing his hands in an overhand grip
5. lifts his feet up from the floor so that he’s hanging from the bar
6. bends his elbows and raises the upper body up toward the bar until his chin is
over the bar
7. extends his elbows and lower his body back down to the starting position
III
1. f 2. c 3. e 4. h 5. i 6. a 7. b 8. g 9. d

IV
1. E 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B
3F. Writing
I
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A
II
To stay healthy, children should do at least 60 minutes of exercise or activities daily. There has been a
decline of physical activity among teenagers and now only 20% of children in our country are meeting
the recommendations.
We should change the way children use screen time because many children have become addicted to
computers, tablets and mobile phones. We can encourage children to use their gadgets and apps in a
positive way, and use trackers to limit the time spent on the screen.
Support and encouragement from family members is a really important factor in increasing children’s
activity levels. In other words, family members should set a good example of how to live an active life
for children.
Getting outdoors can be a great way to get children to see the benefits of being fit and healthy. This
can include visits to green spaces, parks, playgrounds, walks and cycle tracks as part of your everyday
family life. Families can also find ways to be active indoors, including dancing and active video
games.
To conclude, a few changes to daily routines can make all the difference. Small changes can have /
make a big impact on children’s health and well-being.
III
Many students tend to combine their studies with sport activities. However, does playing sports deter
students from studying, or on the opposite help them aim higher and achieve more at school?
Sports teach students never to give up and keep on moving forwards, and most students carry on this
attitude to their school lives. Believing in yourself and doing everything possible to achieve goals in
sports also helps students build their self- confidence to go through school well. For example, some
students with poor performance at school who can play sports well start showing some positive results
in their studies.
Doing sports at school regularly can take a lot of time. Therefore, a busy schedule may leave little
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 time for them to study and do well at school. However, good organizational and time management
skills can help students combine their sports with studying without affecting any area.
IV
‘Are Extracurricular Activities a Distraction from School Work?’
Most students who participate in extracurricular activities at school consider
school clubs and their activities fun and interesting. However, a lot of the
activities can take up time after school.
Many parents hope their children are involved in academic activities as much as they can, and some
believe extracurricular activities will be a distraction for their children from schoolwork and other
tasks at home.
I think the matter really depends on the type of school club they choose and how they spend their time
on these activities. Many people believe it is important for their children to become a well-rounded
person who has good academic grades and involvement in one or two sports. If one divides their time
wisely, the sports may not be a distraction. Most clubs take up less time than joining a sports team.
Moreover, universities prefer students with involvement in activities outside of just academics.
To conclude, if students have good time management, participation in clubs or sports won’t become
difficult. They are more likely to succeed in both academically and physically to become a well-round
individual.

Review Unit 3

Vocabulary
I
1. banged 2. broke 3. bruised 4. sprained
5. twisted 6. had 7. burn 8. cut

II
1. anxious 2. cross 3. ashamed4. disgusted 5. envious
6. surprised 7. afraid 8. nervous 9. proud 10. depressed

III
1. D 2. F 3. E 4. A 5. B 6. C

IV
1. replace 2. suffer 3. provide 4. treat 5. make 6. reduce 7. start
V
1. muscles 2. stretch 3. bones 4. breaking 5. sprains 6. heal

Grammar
VI
present past
certain 1
must be 6
must have started
possible 2
may be 7
might have scored
3
might be
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 4
could be
impossible 5
can’t be 8
can’t have scored

VII
1. may 2. will 3. won’t 4. might not 5. will

VIII
1. could be wrong 2. might not go 3. won’t win
4. might do volunteer work 5. will probably rain

IX
1. must be 2. can’t have been 3. may be 4. must have been
5. may / might be 6. must have been 7. can’t be 8. may have been
X
1. He must be French.
2. He can’t have given me the money.
3. I must have left my keys at home.
4. He may be a policeman.
5. She must have studied hard.
6. Phong might be on the phone for you.
XI
1. will have had 2. will have died 3. will have finished
4. will have come 5. will have retired 6. will have moved
XII
1. will have found 2. will be waiting 3. will be wearing
4. will be sitting 5. will have read 6. will have finished
XIII
1. will be living 6. won’t have developed
2. will have risen 7. will be wearing
3. will have flooded 8. will have increased
4. will be driving 9. will be working
5. will have used 10. will have learned
XIV (Suggested answers)
1. A year from now, I will have done some exams.
2. A year from now, I won’t have got a job.
3. A year from now, I will have had a birthday party.
4. A year from now, I won’t have left school.
5. A year from now, I won’t start university.
XV (Suggested answers)
1. I will be doing my homework 4. I will be having lunch
2. I will be cleaning my teeth 5. I will be sleeping
3. I will be having English lessons 6. I will be waiting for the New Year
Word skills
XVI
1. impossible 2. uncomfortable 3. depression 4. excitement 5. disorganised

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 XVII
1. homesickness 2. nervousness 3. boredom 4. confusion
5. depression 6. disappointment 7. embarrassment 8. fury
XVIII
generous/ generosity lazy / laziness
able / ability tired / tiredness
necessary / necessity kind / kindness
prosperous / prosperity happy / happiness
1. Tiredness 2. happy 3. ability 4. generosity
5. laziness 6. necessary 7. kind 8. prosperous

Use of English
XIX
1. recently 2. unhealthy 3. stressful 4. illness 5. calmer
6. unhealthy 7. education 8. unemployment 9. economic 10. consequently

XX
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B
Reading
XXI
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T

Unit 4: Home
4A. Vocabulary
I
1. thatched cottage 2. villa 3. mansion 4. bungalow
5. terraced house 6. detached house 7. flat 8. houseboat
9. mobile home 10. semi-detached house

II
1. windows 2. balcony 3. traditional 4. view 5. holiday homes
III
1. a 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. c

IV
1. cosy 2. charming 3. substantial 4. dilapidated
5. remote 6. conveniently located 7. contemporary 8. spacious
9. impressive 10. beautifully restored

V
1. cottages 2. terraced 3. two-storey 4. modern-day
5. labour-saving 6. Unsurprisingly 7. easy 8. lucky
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VI
1. estate 2. panels 3. flat 4. dump 5. bed
6. door 7. skyscraper 8. container 9. table 10. rainwater

VII
1. bedside table 2. bookcases 3. sofa 4. bunk bed 5. pillow
6. curtains 7. duvets 8. double bed 9. cushion 10. shelf
4B. Grammar
I
1. c; best 2. e; earlier – better 3. a; more difficult
4. d; bigger – bigger 5. b; farthest

II
1. The State Dining Room is older than The Oval Office.
2. The State Dining Room is wider than The Oval Office.
3. The Oval Office is smaller than The State Dining Room.
4. The Oval Office is busier than The State Dining Room.
5. The State Dining Room is more comfortable than The Oval Office.
6. The State Dining Room is more beautiful than The Oval Office.

III
1. the largest 2. the tallest 3. the farthest
4. the most polluted 5. the most expensive

IV
1. enough 2. as 3. lonely 4. enough 5. as
6. than 7. more 8. healthiest 9. most

V
1. the most important 2. the biggest 3. the busiest 4. (the) noisiest
5. the warmest 6. dirtier 7. higher 8. darker
9. cleaner 10. more comfortable

VI
1. better – the best
2. faster – the fastest
3. more energetically – the most energetically
4. harder – the hardest
5. more clearly – the most clearly
6. more carefully – the most carefully

VII
1. the least accurately 2. faster 3. not as patient as 4. stronger
5. the best 6. as well as 7. the least intelligent 8. the fastest
9. less correctly 10. as intelligent as

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VIII
1. than he used to be 2. as it was when I bought it 3. she was as a child
4. than I was before 5. than five years ago 6. than it used to be

IX
1. That’s the nicest thing you’ve ever said.
2. That’s the most exciting film I’ve ever seen.
3. This is the most unreliable car they’ve ever had.
4. He’s the funniest man she’s ever worked with.
5. That’s the most expensive present he’s ever received.
6. That’s the best meal I’ve ever had.

X
1. If you didn’t go to bed late, you wouldn’t be tired.
2. If you didn’t spend all your money, we could go on holiday.
3. If you studied, you would pass your exams.
4. If he didn’t smoke, the house wouldn’t smell bad.
5. If you put your clothes away, your room wouldn’t be a mess.
6. If you went shopping, there would be some food in the fridge.
XI (Suggested answers)
1. I would study in England 4. I would plant a lot of fruits and vegetables
2. I would go swimming every day 5. I would buy a big house for my family
3. I would live in the USA

XII
1. If you studied, you would pass your exams.
2. If you saved some money, we could go on holiday.
3. If you didn’t go to bed late/ you went to bed earlier, you wouldn’t be tired.
4. If you didn’t drink a lot of coffee, you would sleep well / better.
5. If you put your clothes away, your room wouldn’t be a mess.
6. If you ate vegetables, you would be healthy.
7. If you weren’t always with your friends, you would have time for your study.

XIII
1. didn’t have 2. were 3. could 4. could
5. was / were 6. were 7. didn’t have to 8. didn’t hate

XIV
1. didn’t have 2. would live 3. didn’t wear 4. remembered
5. would be 6. had 7. wouldn’t phone 8. would talk
XV
1. If only I had an iPad.
2. If only we lived in a bigger flat.
3. He wishes he could find a job.
4. I wish you didn’t borrow my clothes.

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 5. I wish I had dinner at home tonight.
6. If only my best friend wasn’t moving to another city.
XVI
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. F 5. E 6. D

XVII
1. I wish I could swim. 5. I wish I could speak / spoke Japanese.
2. I wish I had a dog. 6. I wish I could play the guitar.
3. I wish I likes vegetables. 7. I wish I didn’t have a lot of homework.
4. I wish I was / were good at maths. 8. I wish I was / were taller.

XVIII
1. I wish I weren’t / wasn’t doing my homework.
2. I wish you weren’t eating all the chocolate.
3. I wish I were / was feeling well.
4. I wish she weren’t / wasn’t playing computer games all day.
5. I wish you were listening to me.
6. I wish it weren’t / wasn’t raining.
7. I wish I were / was wearing my reading glasses.
8. I wish we weren’t losing the game.
XIX
1. had 2. didn’t call 3. listened 4. changed 5. would be
6. relaxed 7. didn’t shout 8. were 9. left 10. didn’t go out
XX
1. wish I had thought 6. would stop asking her
2. had kept 7. I were / was at home
3. I could see something 8. only we didn’t owe
4. only we had more 9. only they had told
5. you listened 10. you wouldn’t interrupt me
4C. Word skills
I
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. C
II
do: the housework, a sport, your best, good, exercise, your hair, homework, a favour, a crossword
make: a choice, friends, a meal, a difference, a journey, a mistake, a phone call, a mess, an excuse
III
1. make friends 2. do the housework 3. do exercise 4. did their best
5. do a favour 6. made a mistake 7. do a sport 8. do good
IV
1. making / d 2. make / g 3. do / e 4. do / c
5. make / a 6. doing / f 7. does / b
V
1. make 2. do 3. make 4. take 5. make
6. take 7. make 8. do 9. take 10. do
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4D. Reading
I
Task 1: b
Task 2
1. E 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A
Task 3
1. London 2. two 3. Marianne 4. weather 5. paint 6. living room
Task 4
1. It’s got four rooms.
2. He’s growing herbs on the roof of the boat.
3. It’s seventy years old.
4. They’re painting the houseboat now.
5. She’s making dinner in the kitchen now.

II
1. D 2. F 3. A 4. C 5. B

III
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T

IV
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D

V
Task 1
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B
Task 2
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. C
Task 3
1. withstand 2. exorbitant 3. unimaginable 4. undaunted 5. fold-up
6. loft 7. downsized 8. incentive 9. portable 10. durable

VI
Task 1
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B
Task 2
1. T 2. F 3. NM 4. F 5. T 6. NM

4E. Speaking
I
1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. a

II
1. a single room, a twin room and a family room
2. a private room with one single bed
3. a twin room in a hostel
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 4. It is a private room with a bunk bed or two single beds.
5. starts from 3 beds or more than that number
6. fits four people and includes a double bed and one bunk bed
7. the single room
8. the family room
8. the single room is the cheapest, and the family room is the most expensive

III
1. there are several different types of accommodation on offer
2. provides various facilities and a different experience
3. the hotel will offer benefits, such as a lot more facilities in our room and also
around the hotel
4. comfortable beds, TV, air-conditioning, a mini-bar, coffee facilities, a desk and
some chairs, and so on
5. like apartments, cottages, and villas
6. they are especially great for longer stays or if you want to have your own
space or cook
7. great furnishings and facilities allowing you to settle down for
8. their own pool allowing you to have your own place to relax in the summer sun

IV
1. Which is the brightest room in your house?
2. Which is the most useful labour-saving device in your kitchen?
3. Is a computer more expensive than a mobile phone?
4. Which is the most unusual object in your house?
5. Why are semi-detached houses more expensive than one-bedroomed flats?
6. Which is the tallest building in our city?
7. Is your house farther from the city centre than from your best friend’s house?
8. Which is the quickest way to get to school?

4F. Writing
I
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C

II
Dear Mai,
You will be happy to know that we have purchased a new house in the suburb of the city. The place is
very calm and quiet. The roads are quite wide and spacious. The house itself is located on a nice plot
of land. It is a corner plot and opens on three sides.
It is a double-story house. There are three rooms in the front and three in the rear of the house. All the
rooms are airy and well-ventilated. The living room is the largest room, and we have tried to decorate
it beautifully. But I think it needs many more things to add to its beauty. The kitchen is also a big
space with all facilities for cooking and cleaning. It has a small dining table for quick ready dining and
all the gadgets required for a good cooking place.
We are happy to have some good neighbours. All of them are very friendly; they have helped my
family so much since we moved here.
Now I invite you and your parents to have a visit to our new house and stay with us for a few days. I
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 hope you will soon plan to come.
Best wishes Laura
III
How to Improve Your House in the New Year
You can begin to make a fresh start in the new year by adding a fresh coat of paint to the walls. It is
not only one of the easiest ways to improve your house, but it is also a great way to make your house
seem bigger and brighter.
Cleaning the windows also makes your house sparkle and shine. You can spray the windows with a
vinegar and water mixture or a window cleaning product. Then wipe the windows with a clean paper
towel.
In order to save on energy bills in the new year, you should replace the lights with
LED light bulbs to save energy and money. You should also check any air leaks in every room for
better air conditioning, and not wasting energy.

Review Unit 4

Vocabulary
I
1. rubbish dump 2. skyscraper 3. shipping containers 4. cupboard
5. duvet cover 6. studio flat 7. bunk bed 8. reading room

II
1. permanent 2. security 3. cosy 4. convenient
5. shelter 6. tradition 7. belonging
Grammar
III
1. most politely 2. happier 3. prettiest 4. least successful
5. least interesting 6. fastest 7. more slowly 8. harder
9. best 10. less difficult

IV
1. Nam passed his exams more easily than Phong.
2. Jane works more quickly than Emily.
3. Joe drives better than Jack.
4. John sings more beautifully than Leo.
5. Jack speaks more loudly than Mike.
6. David usually arrives later than Alice.

V
1. the most early 2. the most carefully 3. the most slowly
4. the hardest 5. the fastest 6. the most fluently

VI
1. the least intelligent 2. is less hard-working than 3. is less popular than

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 4. the least generous 5. less confident than 6. the least rainy

VII
1. thinner and thinner 2. more and more difficult 3. cheaper and cheaper
4. better and better 5. more and more expensive 6. hotter and hotter

VIII
1. c 2. e 3. b 4. a 5. d

IX
1. would earn 2. spoke 3. chatted 4. said 5. would be 6. asked
X
1. If I could sing 2. If only you 3. I wish I
4. I’d rather 5. I’d buy it for you

XI
1. g 2. e 3. f 4. b 5. h 6. d 7. c 8. a

XII
1. If only I could cook very well. 4. If only I hadn’t broken my leg.
2. I wish I had found a new job. 5. I wish I slept well.
3. If only I didn’t smoke a lot. 6. I wish I hadn’t lost my laptop.

XIII
1. I wish I could speak Japanese. 4. I wish I had a spare laptop.
2. I wish I didn’t have headache. 5. I wish the weather were / was nice.
3. I wish I had some money. 6. I wish today were / was the weekend.

XIV
1. I wish he phoned me earlier.
2. I wish she wore a skirt.
3. I wish he used his own bike.
4. I wish you didn’t spend it.
5. I wish she went to university.

XV
1. I wish it weren’t / wasn’t raining.
2. I wish the supermarket wasn’t / weren’t shut.
3. I wish I had my mobile phone.
4. I wish my homework wasn’t / weren’t so difficult.
5. I wish I could find my bag.
6. I wish I didn’t / wouldn’t have an exam tomorrow.
7. I wish today was / were Sunday.

XVI
1. I had a lot of 2. I wouldn’t 3. you didn’t keep 4. I lived
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 5. I could find 6. it stopped 7. you didn’t borrow

Word skills
XVII
1. make 2. do 3. do 4. make 5. make
XVIII
1. I made a decision to start eating healthily. 5. I made a project.
2. I made a phone call. 6. I did my homework.
3. I did business with him. 7. I made a speech.
4. I made a meal. Use of
English XIX
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B

XX
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C

Reading
XXI
1. D 2. A 3. E 4. B

Unit 5: Technology

5A. Vocabulary
I
1. updated 2. posted 3. created 4. deactivated 5. upload 6. log on

II
1. download 2. post 3. browsing 4. double-click
5. scroll up 6. streaming 7. touchscreen 8. circuit board
III
1. sign 2. edit 3. uploaded 4. touch
5. zoom 6. double 7. delete 8. hacker

IV
1. scroll down 2. search 3. browse 4. Click
5. Zoom in 6. scan – double-click 7. highlight – tap 8. cancel

V
1. log on 2. post 3. deactivate 4. create 5. upload

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VI
1. posted 2. upgrade 3. was browsing 4. zip 5. connect 6. save
VII
1. c 2. d 3. f 4. e 5. g 6. b 7. a

VIII
1. log on 2. to 3. join 4. post 5. on 6. update
7. download 8. from 9. stream 10. on 11. upload 12. to

IX
1. Scroll down – enter 2. Browse/ Search – double-click
3. Enter – zoom in 4. Scroll down – click on 5. Highlight – click on

X
1. posted 2. shared 3. take down 4. follow
5. block 6. tagged 7. commented 8. liked

XI
1. post 2. share 3. comment 4. like
5. tag 6. take down 7. follow 8. block

XII
1. b; download images 5. f; burn onto a CD
2. d; enter a password 6. h; load a programme
3. a; install a firewall 7. e; log onto the network
4. c; surf the net 8. g; click on a button
XIII
1. install a firewall 2. download images 3. load a programme
4. burn – onto a CD 5. log onto the network 6. Click on – button
7. surf the net

XIV
1. b 2. d 3. e 4. c 5. f 6. a

XV
1. satellite TV 2. digital radio 3. smartphone 4. satnav 5. tablet PC

XVI
1. satnav 2. camcorder 3. satellite TV
4. hard disk recorder 5. vacuum cleaner 6. notebook

XVII
1. webcam 2. video chat 3. download 4. Net
5. burn 6. laptop 7. wireless route 8. get online
9. blog 10. links 11. log onto 12. visit
13. CD-writer 14. flash drive
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XVIII
1. e 2. a 3. f 4. d 5. c 6. b

XIX
1. code 2. conversation 3. website 4. ideas
5. message 6. enter 7. competition 8. test

XX
2. b 3. e 4. i 5. a 6. f 7. c 8. h 9. d

5B. Grammar
I
1. Most 2. Some of 3. any of 4. A few of
5. no 6. a little of 7. every 8. much of

II
1. many – a few 2. much – a little 3. many – a few
4. much – a little 5. many – a few 6. much – a few
III
1. a little 2. few 3. few 4. a few
5. little 6. a few 7. a little

IV
1. a little 2. much 3. Some 4. Many 5. no
6. Most 7. None 8. Every 9. All 10. A few

V
1. has to 2. must 3. have to 4. must 5. has to
6. have to 7. must 8. have to 9. must 10. have to

VI
1. must / have to 2. have to 3. must / have to 4. must / have
to
5. have to 6. has to 7. have to 8. have to
9. has to 10. has to

VII
1. don’t have to get up 2. have to find 3. don’t have to do
4. have to write 5. don’t have to wear 6. have to wear
7. don’t have to answer 8. have to try 9. don’t have to worry
10. have to be

VIII
1. must 2. can’t 3. must 4. might 5. can’t

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IX
1. can’t 2. might 3. must 4. can’t 5. might
6. must 7. might 8. can’t 9. must 10. might

X
1. He can’t have had a key.
2. He might have found an open window.
3. He must have been very quick.
4. The neighbours can’t have seen him.
5. The family must have gone out.
6. He might have escaped through the garden.

XI
1. Nancy might have gone to the doctor’s.
2. Susan must have missed the train.
3. Nick might have fallen off his bike.
4. Mike must have given out the invitations to his birthday party.
5. Amy must have remembered / can’t have forgotten the party.
6. Tom might have gone on holiday.
7. Ann can’t have got lost.

XII
1. You can’t have seen a ghost.
2. They might have got lost.
3. I must have forgotten my keys.
4. Phong can’t have lost his phone.
5. Mai can’t have gone out.
6. It must have been Nick’s birthday yesterday.
7. We could / might have made a mistake.

XIII
1. Peter must have broken his leg.
2. He might have fallen off his bike.
3. Linda’s boyfriend must have written to her.
4. He might have asked her to marry him.
5. Their team can’t have won.
6. They might have missed the match.
7. His car must have broken down.
8. It can’t have been a very good car.

XIV
1. can’t have done 2. must have stopped 3. might have gone
4. can’t have been 5. must have forgotten

XV
1. must have run out of 6. must have been taken
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 2. can’t have crashed 7. could have crashed
3. may have been working 8. may have survived
4. must have caught and killed 9. could have been
5. might have returned 10. must have belonged
Use of English
I
1. inventor 2. discovered 3. revolutionary 4. creative
5. scientist 6. solutions 7. products 8. beneficial
9. development(s) 10. achievements
II
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. B
5C. Word skills
I
1. in 2. of 3. with 4. about 5. of 6. on 7. of
II
1. of 2. about 3. on 4. in 5. of 6. about 7. of 8. with
III
1. h 2. g 3. e 4. f 5. d 6. c 7. b 8. a
IV
1. about 2. for 3. about 4. at 5. in
6. with 7. with 8. to 9. with 10. about

5D. Reading
I
Task 1: D
Task 2
A. 4 B. 1 C. 6 D. 2 E. 5
II
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. F 5. E
III
Task 1
1. B 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. C
Task 2
1. b 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. d 6. d
Task 3
1. monitoring 2. illegal 3. citizens 4. download 5. software
6. passwords 7. shoplifters 8. tag 9. cashpoint machine
IV
Task 1
A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 2 E. 1
Task 2
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. D
Task 3
1. F 2. G 3. I 4. H 5. J 6. D 7. E 8. C 9. B 10. A
A. criteria B. recommendations C. blogs D. time-consuming

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 E. streamed F. indispensable G. browse H. archives
I. diverse J. fields
V
1. They are social media to talk to friends, GPS to navigate and the web for
information.
2. It makes us have short attention spans, and become less intelligent and more
antisocial.
3. The continuous bombardment of phones buzzing with text messages,
Facebook notifications and news alerts has decreased our attention span.
4. It refers to the state that we’re becoming less dependent on our memory.
Because it could lead to a kind of ‘digital dementia’, where people can no
longer remember everyday information
5. Because they released the stress hormone cortisol, rather than the feel-good
hormone oxytocin associated with face-to-face interaction.
6. First, we are stimulated by the content. Second, the LED screen uses blue
light, which prevents the brain from producing the sleep hormone melatonin.
VI
Task 1
1. Her granddaughter, Sonya.
2. She didn’t really understand it so she found it annoying.
3. Most people who go online are under 50.
4. Her family live quite far away and she doesn’t drive.
5. They tend to use email the most. Task 2
1. D 2. G 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. E
VII
Task 1
1. F 2. A 3. H 4. E 5. C 6. B
Task 2
1. They try to upset people or make them angry.
2. Because the contestant had received hate mail on Facebook.
3. They may take their own lives.
4. They believe that they can remain anonymous and that no one will ever
discover who they are.
5. Facebook has been made to disclose the identities of the trolls who had been
tormenting Ms Brookes.

VIII
1. C 2. E 3. F 4. B 5. G 6. I 7. D

IX
Task 1
1. C 2. B 3. A, B 4. A 5. B
6. A, C 7. B, C 8. C 9. A 10. B
Task 2
1. weapons 2. survive 3. release 4. soundtrack 5. criticism

X
1. F 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. E
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XI
Task 1
1. Go-Go City 2. Jump the Queue 3. TravelZoom
4. 4caster 5. Travelator Task 2
1. route 2. forecast 3. hosts 4. stands out

5E. Speaking
I
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. b 9. a 10. a

II
1. G 2. D 3. H 4. A 5. F 6. C 7. B

III
1. in a classroom using interactive smart boards
2. the laptops connected to the internet like the smart board
3. they’re easy to use
4. a collaborative whiteboard, wireless screen sharing, and an interactive display
5. they have tubes, plant samples, chemicals and a microscope
6. offer more fun and more active participation
7. encourage independence, and the lessons are more likely to understand and
remember
8. use modern technology and students can benefit from that

IV
1. looking 2. time-consuming 3. switched 4. missed 5. hand
6. been 7. browsing 8. streamed 9. were 10. cram

5F. Writing
I
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. E 5. A
II
How Social Media Helps Students Study
Many people think that we learn best when we interact with people, so we can use social media in
studying. Social media can help you in many ways if you use it wisely.
When we have projects, social media allows us to make communication more efficient. We can build
a community where everyone contributes with their piece of knowledge.
Social media is a good means of sharing. You can share links to resources, experiences, or even your
problems.
You can use social media to find additional content that will reinforce what you have learned in class.
You also get opinions, ideas and assistance from YouTube videos or other social media channels.
To conclude, there are also some drawbacks of using social media. Being responsible students, we will
take full advantage of the resources that the media offer us. Using social media well and having
meaningful connections will help us get through our education successfully.

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 Review Unit 5

Vocabulary
I
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B
7. C 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D

II
1. delete 2. click on 3. attach 4. log into
5. update 6. post 7. undo 8. upload
9. share 10. log out of 11. download 12. install
III
1. created 2. log on 3. posted 4. updates 5. deactivated 6. upload
7. deleted 8. sharing 9. search 10. upload 11. virus 12. an app

IV
1. g 2. j 3. f 4. k 5. b 6. l
7. i 8. e 9. h 10. c 11. d 12. a

V
1. upload 2. post 3. Log on 4. create 5. deactivate

VI
1. enter 2. log on 3. Scroll 4. click 5. upload
6. plug 7. scan 8. edit 9. zoom in 10. download

VII
1. satellite 2. digital 3. mobile 4. games 5. DVD
VIII
1. log 2. emails 3. broadband 4. blog 5. download

IX
1. HDTV 2. camcorder 3. smartphone 4. satnav 5. games console

X
1. delete 2. files 3. protect 4. attach
5. install 6. software 7. update 8. backups

XI
1. malfunctioning 2. up 3. get 4. access 5. engine
6. did 7. provided 8. reason 9. reduce 10. avoid

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Grammar
XII
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C

XIII
1. some 2. each 3. much 4. Few
5. most 6. any 7. all

XIV
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A
6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A
XV
1. Kate can’t have forgotten about / must have remembered the party.
2. Linda might have missed the last bus.
3. Amy must have known it was my birthday.
4. Jack must have gone to the dentist’s.
5. My dad’s car might have broken down.
6. Paul can’t have got the invitation.
XVI
1. could have been attacked 2. might have gone 3. can’t have all gone
4. could have killed 5. must have thrown

Word skills
XVII
1. ashamed 2. keen 3. anxious 4. proud 5. excited

XVIII
1. about 2. of 3. about 4. of 5. of
6. with 7. at 8. of 9. with 10. about

XIX
1. sensitive 2. pleased 3. good 4. successful
5. dissatisfied 6. responsible 7. obsessed 8. curious

Use of English
XX
1. that 2. when 3. told 4. what 5. if / whether
6. And 7. how 8. on 9. to 10. all

XXI
1. tiresome 2. behaviour 3. unkind 4. guidelines 5. improvements
6. relationships 7. creative 8. isolation 9. freedom 10. honesty

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XXII
1. to 2. types 3. Among 4. as 5. of
6. present 7. like 8. such 9. In 10. Both

Reading
XXIII
1. F 2. C 3. A 4. G 5. H 6. E 7. B

XXIV
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T

Unit 6: High flyers

6A. Vocabulary
I
1. modest b / shy a 4. sensitive b / emotional a
2. determined a / stubborn b 5. arrogant a / decisive b
3. lazy b / easy-going a II
1. easy-going 2. determined 3. modest 4. lazy
5. stubborn 6. shy 7. sensitive 8. arrogant

III
1. stubborn 2. ✔ 3. ✔ 4. modest 5. lazy

IV
1. emotional 2. cautious 3. shy 4. easy-going 5. determined
6. responsible 7. decisive 8. imaginative 9. impatient 10. organised
V
1. optimistic / optimism 2. sociable / sociability
3. sympathetic / sympathy 4. ambitious / ambition
5. honesty / honest 6. flexibility / flexible
7. cheerful / cheerfulness 8. shy / shyness
9. generosity / generous 10. modesty / modest

VI
1. lazy 2. arrogant 3. shy 4. generous 5. impatient
VII
1. hard-working 2. confident 3. serious 4. impatient
5. unfriendly 6. generous 7. optimistic 8. rude

VIII
1. gentle 2. outgoing 3. rebellious 4. easy-going 5. creative

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IX
1. funny 2. arrogant 3. shy 4. lazy
5. confident 6. nasty 7. generous 8. rude

X
1. mean 2. talkative 3. confident 4. optimistic 5. impolite / rude

XI
1. communicating 2. courage 3. capacity 4. self-confidence
5. humour 6. initiative 7. sense 8. organizational skills

XII
1. to 2. at 3. about – at 4. for 5. to
6. for 7. for – for 8. about 9. on 10. as

6B. Grammar
I
1. It was the children that / who played football in the garden yesterday
afternoon.
2. It was my sister that / who got a present from her uncle last week.
3. It was my uncle that / who taught me how to play the guitar.
4. It is my little brother that / who admires my teacher very much.
5. It was my mother that / who bought me that beautiful hat some days ago.
6. It was my parents that / who encouraged me to go to college.
7. It was my teacher that / who helped me to improve my pronunciation.
8. It is football that is considered one of the most exciting games nowadays.
9. It is his success that affects every aspect of my life.
10. It is English that becomes more and more popular in the world.
II
1. It was a new pair of shoes that my parents bought for me on my birthday.
2. It was the man that / whom the police asked a lot of questions.
3. It was some flowers that Jack sent to me when I was in hospital.
4. It is a large number of notebooks that that company will send to poor children
in this area.
5. It is English that people speak in many countries in the world.
6. It was my friends that / whom I telephoned to inform them about my good
results in the exam.
7. It is a new book on wildlife in Africa that they are going to publish.
8. It is the IT class that many students will attend.

III
1. It is in that foreign language center that they learn English.
2. It was in the corner shop that my mother bought me a hat a few days ago.
3. It was in the countryside that I took these photographs.
4. It is in Viet Nam that Linda is going to spend her summer vacation.
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 5. It is in the schoolyard that many children like to play.
6. It was on the walls of the cave that scientists found some strange paintings.
7. It is in July that John will finish his study.
8. It was out of her pocket that Jane took a university badge.

IV
1. running 2. doing 3. lying 4. playing
5. Flying – travelling 6. riding – swimming 7. trying 8. getting

V
1. about going 2. to seeing 3. from working
4. On opening 5. in joining 6. of coming
7. at listening 8.without stopping
9. for cutting 10. about getting

VI
1. Learning a foreign language takes a long time.
2. Cleaning the machine more often will solve your problems.
3. Growing your own food is less expensive.
4. Give up smoking will make you feel better.
5. Leaving your bike here is not allowed.
6. Walking on the grass is forbidden.
7. Swimming on my back is one thing I can’t do.
8. Being polite to someone you don’t like is difficult.
9. Surfing the Internet effectively is not easy.
10. Being in hospital is not pleasant.

VII
1. They denied having stolen the money.
2. I remember having reminded you to buy some food.
3. She just kept on eating after having answered the phone.
4. I forgot having locked the front door.
5. She felt happy after having met her best friend again.
6. I regret having said bad words to her.
7. He could remember having driven along the road before the accident
happened.
8. One of the boys admitted having broken the window.

VIII
1. Knowing that he was a student, I offered to pay his train ticket.
2. Becoming tired of my complaints about the programme, she turned it off.
3. Having found no one at home, he left the house in a bad temper.
4. Having removed all traces of his crime, the criminal left the building.
5. Having missed the last bus, Tom began to walk.
6. Having spent all his money, he decided to go home and ask his father for a
job.

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 7. Having heard the story all before, she didn’t want to hear it again.
8. Visiting the museum, we decided to have lunch in the park.
9. Having been uprooted by the strong wind, the tree fell across the road.
10. Sleeping in the next room, the guests were wakened by the sound of
breaking glass.

6C. Word skills

I
1. C 2. D 3. H 4. B 5. G 6. E 7. A 8. F

II
1. They called it off because of the fog.
2. My aunt picks us up from school every day.
3. Linda made it up so that her parents wouldn’t be angry.
4. The teacher gave them out before setting the homework.
5. My brother turned it down because the salary was too low.
6. You have to take them off before you can go in.
7. The shop assistant looked it up in the catalogue.
8. Tom’s mother told him off for breaking the window.

III
1. I’d like to set up a business when I leave school.
2. The company laid twenty workers off.
3. My mum gave up her job last month.
4. The manager decided to close down the factory.
5. We worked out the answers by ourselves.
6. Please fill the application form in.
7. The teacher gave the exam papers out.
8. Will you put your things away, please?

IV
1. take it off 2. made it up 3. looking forward to it 4. put it away
5. worked it out 6. to look after them 7. gave them out

V
i. f ii. e iii. g iv. d v. b vi. a vii. c
1. came across it 2. pick on him 3. looked after us 4. count on her
5. went over it 6. go with them 7. broke into it
VI
1. We tried to solve the problem several ways but we just couldn't figure it out.
2. We had forgotten the news until Jane brought it up at dinner time.
3. The fireworks were very noisy last night. What time did they set them off?
4. He received an invitation to play with the national team. I told him not to

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 pass it up.
5. We couldn’t agree on what to do, but we managed to sort it out in the end.
6. We had to get help from the computer shop because we couldn't set it up
ourselves.
7. You need to find the letter before someone throws it away by mistake.
8. The storm is getting worse, so I think you should wait it out at home.
9. We asked for volunteers for the project but nobody wanted to take it on.
10. If you want your legal papers to be accurate, you need a lawyer to draw
them up.

6D. Reading
I
1. Paul 2. Emmanuel 3. Sadaf 4. Paul
5. Emmanuel 6. Paul 7. Sadaf 8. Emmanuel

II
Task 1: 3, and 4
Task 2
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C
6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A
III
Task 1
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. B
Task 2
1. e 2. g 3. b 4. h 5. d 6. a 7. f 8. c
a. unconscious b. heroic c. countless d. panic-stricken
e. horrified f. exhausted g. intense h. dazed
IV
1. J 2. A 3. J 4. S 5. A 6. S
V
Task 1
1. Suhas 2. Yasmine 3. Fraser
4. Yasmine 5. Fraser 6. Suhas Task 2
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C
Task 3
1. proposition 2. launched 3. subscribers 4. lucrative 5.
persisted
6. aimed at 7. consultancy 8. paid off 9. recruit 10. capital
VI
Task 1
1. Amir 2. William 3. Esther
4. William 5. Esther 6. Amir Task 2
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A
Task 3
1. hyperactive 2. shatter 3. all-round 4. fees
5. socialize 6. compatriots 7. impressive 8. mainstream

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 9. stood out 10. consciousness 11. elite 12. transformed
VII
Task 1
1. c 2. a 3. b
Task 2
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. B
Task 3
1. get away with murder 2. receptive 3. advocates
4. limelight 5. accommodating 6. overlooked
7. Conventional wisdom 8. gravitate 9. manipulative
10. keep tabs on

VIII
Task 1
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F
6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T
Task 2
1. considered 2. programme 3. leaflets 4. employ 5. involved

IX
Task 1
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C
6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B
Task 2
1. status 2. poverty 3. homeless 4. rural 5. appealed

X
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B
6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A

Pronunciation
-ance / -ence: arrogant – arrogance; important – importance; distant – distance; significant –
significance; elegant – elegance; brilliant – brilliance; different – difference;
convenient – convenience; violent – violence; intelligent – intelligence
-cy: urgent – urgency; accurate – accuracy; vacant – vacancy; secret – secrecy; literate –
literacy
-ness: gentle – gentleness; happy – happiness; lonely – loneliness; aware
– awareness
-ice: coward – cowardice
-ity: electric – electricity; secure – security; similar – similarity; popular – popularity;
national – nationality; probable – probability; curious – curiosity; complex –
complexity
1. same 2. third
6E. Speaking
I
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. a

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II
1. F 2. C 3. H 4. B 5. G 6. A 7. E 8. D

6F. Writing
I
1 a. F b. F c. F d. A e. F f. A
2. They prepare students to work when they leave school.
3. Because getting a university degree would lead to a better job and higher
salary.
4. They give the option to discover other jobs and careers that may be more
suitable for them.

II
Paragraph 1: 1. b 2. a
Paragraph 2: 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. b
Paragraph 3: 1. g 2. c 3. d 4. e 5. f 6. a 7. b
Paragraph 4: 1. b 2. a

III
Graduating from high school, the young often wonder whether they ought to keep on studying further
or not. Many people suppose that continuing to study at university or college can be the best way to
guarantee their successful career, whereas others believe working right after school is much better.
Working straight after graduation is beneficial in some ways. Firstly, young people are able to earn
money as soon as possible. When they finish high school, they will be mature enough to live
independently on their own income. It is common sense that having a job can prove one’s maturity.
Secondly, a person who chooses to get a job instead of studying higher is likely to progress rapidly in
their career. This may bring about a good chance to obtain a lot of real experience and skills for their
chosen profession.
On the other hand, there are a variety of reasons why people have a tendency to choose to continue
education after high school. First, a college education will provide young people with more
qualifications, which is what most employers expect these days. University graduates will probably
get a much higher salary than those without university education. Furthermore, the job market is
becoming more and more competitive. In fact, people would be well-advised to get a degree, as
hundreds of applicants often chase the top jobs. It is an obvious advantage for university graduates.
For example, graduate engineers in Vietnam are highly paid and find it easy to get a top job.
In conclusion, it seems evident that both working right after school and choosing to continue higher
study are advantageous in their own ways.
IV
Nowadays, it is popular to go to colleges and universities abroad, which is a highly controversial issue
among students and their parents. There is no doubt that choosing to study abroad is extremely
beneficial and its advantages might outweigh its drawbacks. On the other hand, there are also a plenty
of drawbacks of choosing to study overseas.
There are several advantages of studying abroad. Firstly, being abroad can offer students higher skills,
qualifications in the field, and the expansion of social and professional networks. Therefore, students
can get job offers more easily when they have an international background and a network of social
connections. Secondly, students become more familiar with the new cultures, which is crucial in the
modern global world. For example, when students come to England, they can get familiar with the
English history, weather, cuisine and lifestyles, which would be an exciting experience.
On the other hand, studying abroad may bring about some difficulties, which can be harmful and
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 destructive. One problem is the cost of going abroad to study can be too high for the average citizen.
For instance, in some countries, accommodation and tuition fee may be as high as the minimum salary
of that country. Another drawback is that students may experience culture shock and adaptation issues,
which is quite common among newbies. The culture and the lifestyles of the country where they study
may be different from their own culture.
In conclusion, while studying abroad may bring some disadvantages in terms of high costs of
education and culture shock, it proves to be beneficial for most students because it enables students to
become more familiar with new cultures and expand the social and professional networks.

Review Unit 6

Vocabulary
I
1. funny 2. quiet 3. confident 4. polite 5. nasty

II
1. passionate 2. outgoing 3. creative 4. rebellious 5. gentle
III
1. sociable 2. generous 3. optimistic 4. flexible 5. cheerful
6. shy 7. ambitious 8. honest 9. sympathetic 10. mature

IV
1. initiative 2. organizational skills 3. humour 4. physical courage
5. energy 6. communicating 7. self-confidence 8. common sense
V
1. rude 2. impatient 3. generous 4. funny 5. lazy
VI
1. for 2. about 3. for 4. on 5. about
6. for 7. with 8. at 9. to – for – about 10. to

Grammar
VII
1. It was this lovely dress that was made by Ann.
2. It is computers that are used in various fields.
3. It was the contract that was signed by Mr. Brown this morning.
4. It is this book that may be published in May.
5. It was light bulbs that were invented by Thomas Edison.
6. It was the first prize that was won in the competition by Paul.
7. It was a report about the air pollution that was written by Susan a few days
ago.
8. It is this live programme that will be watched by millions of people.
9. It was this document that was sent to us yesterday.
10. It is a big sum of money that has been sent to the charity by John.

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VIII
1. Smoking 2. living 3. going out 4. walking 5. eating
6. going 7. becoming 8. buying 9. getting up 10. saying
IX
1. for having made 2. not having studied 3. for having been
4. for not having invited 5. of having parked
6. in having solved / in having found out the solutions to
X
1. Thinking we were lost, he offered to show us the way home.
2. Having fed the cat, he sat down to his own dinner.
3. Having looked through the fashion magazines, she didn’t find the style that
she liked.
4. Sitting in the front row in the theatre, I saw everything beautifully.
5. Finding his cage door open, the lion left the cage and walked slowly towards
the zoo entrance.
6. Having heard that the caves were dangerous, I didn’t want to go any further
without a torch.
7. Wearing extremely fashionable clothes, the film star was surrounded by
photographers and reporters.
8. Passing under a ladder, he got a pot of paint fallen on his head.
9. Having misunderstood the questions, I gave wrong answers to them.
10. We thought he would never survive after having fallen from such a height.

Word skills
XI
1. count on 2. broke into 3. stick to 4. got in
5. do without 6. got off 7. deal with 8. called for
XII
1. We’re not going on the climbing expedition because the leaders called it off.
2. If we work together, I think we can come up with some good ideas for our
report.
3. I’m very upset about the mistake, but I’m trying to live it down.
4. I’m surprised the editor didn’t pick up on it.
5. I don’t trust him because he has gone back on his promises so many times.
6. Our class can’t do three projects because there aren’t enough team leaders to
take them on.
7. I forgot to finish my homework last night. I’m going to have to come up with
a good excuse.
8. They tried to avoid paying the fine but they didn’t get away with it.
XIII
1. throw 2. run 3. spreading 4. spilling 5. sort 6. reach

XIV
1. out 2. down 3. into 4. to 5. out
6. out 7. out 8. out 9. after 10. on

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XV
1. looking 2. broke 3. work 4. sorted
5. stood 6. work 7. carrying 8. looking

XVI
1. competition 2. performance 3. nervous 4. successful 5. thoroughly
6. activity 7. carefully 8. imprisoned 9. political 10. explanation

XVII
Task 1
A. 2 B. 3 C. 1 D. 5
Task 2
1. b 2. b 3. a 4. a

XVIII
1. She is in a very bad mood.
2. She feels better or happy.
3. She gives her grandmother the impression of someone being sent off to prison.
4. She becomes angry.
5. Since that day she might have felt lucky to go to school.

Unit 7: Artists

7A. Vocabulary
I
1. sitcom 2. musicals 3. dance 4. Ballet 5. painting
6. drawings 7. mime 8. sculptures 9. classical music 10. cartoon

II
1. choreographer 2. model 3. juggler 4. stage hand
5. conductor 6. sound technician 7. busker 8. audience

III
1. buskers 2. playwright 3. jugglers 4. composer 5. painter
IV
1. DJ 2. folk group 3. choir 4. rapper
5. busker 6. orchestra 7. string quartet

V
1. sculptor 2. singer3. poet 4. novelist 5. playwright 6.
biographer
VI
1. acting 2. exciting 3. talented 4. attractive 5. interesting

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 6. different 7. qualification 8. knowledge 9. tiring 10. disappointments

VII
1. writes 2. carved 3. created 4. appeared 5. perform
6. conducting 7. composing 8. acting 9. directing 10. singing

VIII
1. test 2. weren’t working 3. forgot 4. change into
5. looking 6. were moving 7. was practising 8. rehearsing

IX
1. ballets 2. theatre 3. novels 4. concert
5. art galleries 6. musical 7. sitcom 8. opera

X
1. Rock 2. Hip-hop 3. Rap 4. Pop
5. Classical music 6. Folk music 7. Techno 8. Heavy metal
XI
1. verses 2. tempo 3. harmony 4. beat 5. rhythm
6. chorus’s 7. lyrics 8. Melody 9. tune

XII
1. opera 2. chorus 3. harmony 4. Symphony 5. lyrics
6. beat 7. melody 8. solo 9. chords 10. movement
XIII
1. comedy club 2. art exhibition 3. magic shows 4. piano recital
5. open-air theatre 6. musical 7. circus 8. classical concert

7B. Grammar
I
1. will be held 2. ride 3. had been stolen 4. was played
5. was painted 6. have arrested 7. has been built 8. is spoken

II
1. was delayed 2. are watched 3. will be cancelled 4. was invented
5. are made 6. has been given 7. had been stolen 8. will be cut down
III
1. are 2. is being 3. have been 4. will be 5. had been 6. was – were

IV
1. are usually transported 2. was driven 3. wasn’t told / hadn’t been told
4. have been changed 5. is being repaired 6. be unplugged
7. have been received 8. were being treated 9. haven’t been harvested
10. is usually made

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V
1. My emails had been opened.
2. A speech was given on TV by the Prime Minister last night.
3. All the computers have been stolen from their office.
4. The new hospital building was designed by my dad.
5. All the crops were destroyed by the storm.
6. Our new furniture will be delivered at the weekend.
7. I was bitten on the leg by the neighbour’s cat.
8. Everything in my birthday’s party will be arranged by my brother.
9. You will be given instructions on arrival.
10. More money is being spent on smartphones than ever before.

VI
1. Paella is eaten in Spain.
2. A new museum will be built in Alexandria.
3. The prize has been given to Professor Dang Vu Minh.
4. The Eiffel Tower was built between 1887 and 1889.
5. The meeting is being held this afternoon.
6. Basketball was invented in 1891.

VII
1. will be published 2. are used 3. was taught
4. was left 5. are being followed 6. have been killed
VIII
1. is being decorated 2. had been left 3. was being cleaned
4. had been closed 5. was being used
IX
1. was stopped 2. was made 3. was established
4. was criticised 5. was nominated 6. was awarded

X
1. Dad had been moved to an office in a different town by his company.
2. I have often been described as shy.
3. I was being shown into the building.
4. I have been given the job of making you feel welcome here.
5. I was really impressed by her kindness that day.

XI
1. We have our grass cut.
2. My dad had his car cleaned.
3. We have had our house built.
4. I am having my bedroom painted.
5. I will have my new computer installed.

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XII
1. had 2. has had 3. are having 4. have 5. did – have 6. had

XIII
1. have – cut 2. had – painted 3. had – washed
4. had – cleaned 5. have – checked 6. have – tested

XIV
1. had, cleaned 6. have, cleaned
2. is going to have, arranged 7. had, replaced
3. had, designed 8. is having / is going to have, checked
4. am going to have, whitened 9. had, delivered
5. has, cut 10. have, checked
XV
1. have – look / get – to look 5. have / get – cleaned
2. having / getting painted 6. had / got – taken out
3. have / get / taken 7. had / got – delivered
4. have – cut / get – to cut 8. will have / get – built
XVI
1. They’re having their house decorated.
2. We have our clothes ironed.
3. He’s having his house cleaned.
4. He’s going to have his eyes tested.
5. She’s had her hair dyed.
6. He’s going to have his hair cut.
XVII
1. They had their house painted last year.
2. I am going to have my photo taken.
3. We are going to have our new shower installed.
4. My mum has had her hair dyed.
5. Tom is having his car repaired.
6. Jack has had his coat cleaned.
7. My neighbour is having his / her windows changed.
8. Anna had her eyes tested last week.
XVIII
1. Have you had your teeth whitened?
2. Did you have your eyes tested yesterday?
3. Nam has had his mobile phone stolen.
4. Jane had her nails painted last week.
5. I’m going to have my photo taken tomorrow.
6. Lan is having her portrait painted.
XIX
1. had my hair cut 2. Did – have it dyed 3. had my nails painted
4. had my make-up done 5. had my teeth whitened 6. had my bag stolen

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XX
1. a 2. h 3. f 4. d 5. b 6. e 7. c 8. g
1. get / fixed 2. have / dyed 3. have / fixed 4. get / checked
5. have / sent 6. have / cut 7. get / delivered 8. to get / tested
7C. Word skills
I
1. no one 2. anything 3. nothing 4. anybody
5. something 6. anywhere 7. nowhere – somewhere

II
1. anyone 2. something / anything 3. Nobody
4. anybody 5. Anywhere 6. Someone
III
1. anyone 2. someone 3. something 4. anything 5. somewhere 6. anything
IV
1. anybody 2. nobody 3. somebody 4. nothing 5. anything
6. something 7. somewhere 8. nowhere 9. anywhere
V
1. something 2. nothing 3. Nobody 4. Anywhere 5. anything 6. anyone
VI
1. I’m bored. I’ve got nothing to do.
2. There wasn’t anybody at the airport to meet us.
3. Their relationship isn’t going anywhere.
4. Anna has seen nobody today.
5. Don’t shout at him. He hasn’t done anything wrong.
6. We went nowhere special last weekend.
VII
1. anything/something 2. somewhere 3. nowhere 4. Something
5. anything 6. anywhere 7. Somebody 8. no one / nobody
9. anything 10. nothing
VIII
2. nobody anybody3. anything something5. something anything
6. nowhere → anywhere 7. somebody → anybody
IX
1. somewhere 2. nowhere 3. something 4. Anything
5. nothing 6. somebody 7. no one 8. Everybody
9. anyone 10. anything 11. anything 12. everyone
13. Nobody 14. anything 15. Anywhere 16. everything
7D. Reading
I
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T
II
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C

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III
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F
IV
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C
V
Task 1
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. A
Task 2
1. H 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. F 6. E 7. G 8. C
VI
1. F. They are untrained as artists.
2. F. It’s made of anything that comes to hand.
3. F. He is one of the earliest outsider artists in the USA.
4. F. She made ink drawings, not out of rubber.
5. F. It had an installation: Il Palazzo Encidopedico.
6. F. There’s been a growing interest in outsider art in recent years.
VII
Task 1
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F
Task 2
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a
VIII
Task 1
1. They both suffer from autism.
2. They have good talents in arts. Task 2
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B
Task 3
Clemons: 1. F; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T; 5. T
Wawro: 1. T; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T; 5. T
IX
Task 1: b
Task 2
1. up 2. At 3. because 4. the 5. One 6. has Task 3
1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. NM 7. F 8. NM
Task 4
1. voice 2. contract 3. charts 4. fade away 5. stage name
X
Task 1
1. D 2. C 3. E 4. H 5. F
Task 2
1. practical 2. explore 3. material 4. special effects 5. editing
XI
1. NM 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. NM

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7E. Speaking
I
1. b 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. a 8. b 9. a 10. a

II
1. a live concert in a very big park in the city centre
2. a classical concert in the City Theatre
3. is decorated with many lights, and the sound system is very good and modern
4. hold over three hundred people
5. very well-known and professional
6. get bored and frustrated
7. a stunning performance

III
1. a mime team from a nearby college
2. their faced painted white or they’re wearing masks
3. can transform themselves into different objects through postures and
movements
4. a traditional art form
5. a distinctive culture identity of Viet Nam
6. developed and diversified over a thousand years ago in the Red River Delta
7. the daily life of villagers such as farming, fishing, romance and children playing
8. from ancient legends, myths and history

IV
1. kind of thing 2. doesn’t appeal 3. sounds
4. particularly interested 5. really love

V
1. sites 2. settlements 3. preservation 4. result 5. historical
6. used 7. climate 8. so 9. exhausting 10. sanctuary

7F. Writing
I
One of my favorite books is 3The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a novel
written by Mark Twain. Published in 1884, it’s set around 1840 in
various locations along the Mississippi River. The novel is written in the first
person. Although it’s a kind of adventure story, it follows 1the moral
development of young man surviving difficult circumstances.

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The main character is the narrator, 2Huckleberry Finn. He’s a wild
teenager from an impoverished family that has abandoned him.
He is adopted by a widow, who does her best to turn
Huckleberry into a respectable citizen. Although the hero of the
novel finds his new lifestyle unbearable, he puts up with it.
There is a turning point 2when Huckleberry’s aggressive father takes him
away from his new home. Huckleberry manages to escape from his
father and sets off on a journey of exploration down the Mississippi
River. On his travels he meets Jim, a man escaping from slavery. They
share a lot of incredible adventures and Huckleberry starts questioning
the values of a society that treats fellow human beings as inferior.
All in all, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is 4an appealing story. And
although it is full of light-hearted moments and gripping action, the author also
uses the novel as a vehicle to expose the stupidity of prejudice. This makes it 4an
entertaining and thought-provoking story that I would thoroughly
recommend to anyone who is a fan of the classics.

II
Task 1
1. C 2. B 3. A
Task 2
1. F. The author was 52 years old when he wrote the book, not the main character.
2. F. Santiago catches a huge marlin.
3. True
4. F. She says the book is very good because the story is fascinating.
Task 3
1. f 2. e 3. d 4. g 5. b 6. a 7. c
a. frightening terrifying e. poor impoverished
b. tiring exhausting f. desirable coveted
c. interesting fascinating g. large huge
d. bad disastrous

III
1. drama 6. soon makes other friends
2. Daisy Jennings and Layla Evans 7. really liked the film
3. becomes her friend 8. the positive ending
4. very popular 9. very happy
5. to be horrible to Daisy

IV
Atlantis: The Lost Empire is a Disney cartoon film. It is directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise.
The main character is a scientist named Milo Thatch. Milo’s voice is played by Michael J. Fox.
A rich man gives Milo a submarine and a team of people to help him find the Lost Empire of Atlantis.
After some exciting adventures, Milo and his team find Atlantis. But Atlantis is in trouble. Milo has to
save it.
The music in this film is amazing and some of the characters are very funny. The film is sometimes
scary, but it is very exciting.

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 If you like action films and cartoons, you will love Atlantis: The Lost Empire. It’s a
fantastic film.
V
I have recently watched a film called Yellow Flowers on the Green Grass. It is
based on Nguyen Nhat Anh’s best-seller in the same title.
The main characters are the two brothers: Thieu, a 12-year-old boy, and his little brother, Tuong, a 7-
year-old boy. The plot is about the memories of the poor childhood. The brothers do everything
together: playing in rice paddles, playing
games, etc. Their days are filled with curious adventures. Then one day, Man, Thieu’s classmate
comes to stay at their house for a while because her house is on fire. Because of jealousy, Thieu does
physical harm to Tuong, so Tuong can’t stand up. In order to meet his classmate, Nhi, Tuong tries to
walk again, and one day he runs to find Nhi.
I particularly enjoy the characters and the theme of friendship. Many of the scenes are memorable
because they are filmed in the beautiful countryside of Phu Yen Province.
All in all, I really enjoyed the film. I’d like to recommend this film to everyone because I think all of
us want to recall our childhood.

Review Unit 7

Vocabulary
I
1. performance 2. still 3. stage 4. concert 5. gallery

II
1. scriptwriter 2. novels 3. sculptures
4. poems 5. playwright 6. composed
III
1. Performance 2. cases 3. kit 4. paintings
5. stage 6. household 7. subject 8. hands

IV
1. tempo 2. tune 3. melodies 4. rhythm
5. lyrics 6. beat 7. harmony 8. verse

V
1. speakers 2. album 3. lyrics 4. rhythm 5. dance music
6. number one 7. download 8. track 9. fan 10. rap

VI
1. genius 2. success 3. beauty 4. originality
5. style 6. vision 7. mature 8. dedication

VII
1. Striking 2. artists 3. sculptures 4. playwright 5. lighting
6. Conductor 7. musical 8. composer 9. performance 10. spectators
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VIII
1. alternative 2. affordable 3. ridiculous 4. fashionable
5. Jewelery 6. glamourous 7. designers 8. shopping

Grammar
IX
1. More electric cars are being bought now.
2. A bridge was built over the river last year.
3. The criminals have been caught (by the police).
4. The new exams had already been written by the teachers.
5. Prizes will be awarded later.

X
1. were delayed 6. was written
2. was posted 7. is checked
3. will be driven 8. was being broadcast
4. is being recorded 9. was identified
5. were taken / had been taken 10. will be opened / is being opened

XI
1. has been built 2. was started 3. was still being painted
4. was delayed 5. was finally finished 6. was opened
7. was designed 8. will be used 9. has been needed
10. will be welcomed / is welcomed / has been welcomed
XII
1. are used 2. were they invented 3. was first developed 4. is considered
5. made 6. have become 7. are owned 8. is spent

XIII
1. They’re having their new TV delivered tomorrow.
2. Alice had her eyebrow pierced yesterday.
3. We’re going to have our living room decorated.
4. Jane has had her nose reduced.
5. Michael is having his hair dyed black.

XIV
1. They had the roof repaired last month.
2. They had a new shower fitted.
3. They have had the centre heating serviced.
4. They are having the house decorated.
5. They are going to have the front door painted.
6. They are going to have the whole house cleaned.
7. They are going to have the grass cut.

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XV
1. having/getting 2. done 3. had 4. designed 5. have/get
6. completed 7. have/get 8. built 9. have/get 10. cleaned

XVI
1. are having the bedroom redecorated 4. are going to have the grass cut
2. have had the car checked 5. will have my work checked
3. have the windows cleaned

XVII
1. We had our carpet cleaned last week.
2. I have had my bike repaired.
3. He didn’t have a new shower installed.
4. My sister is going to have her hair cut.
5. Is Lan having her arm tested?
6. I haven’t had my eyes tested for a long time.
7. They’re having their house painted.
8. Are you going to have your photo taken?
XVIII
1. Did she have her hair cut? 4. Did she have her teeth whitened?
2. she had it dyed 5. Did she have it made
3. Hasn’t she had her nose reduced 6. she had her make-up done
Word skills
XIX
1. anywhere 2. something 3. No one 4. anyone 5. everywhere
XX
1. somewhere2. no one 3. somewhere – somewhere 4. anyone
5. anyone 6. someone 7. somewhere 8. nothing
9. nowhere 10. something
XXI
1. nobody 2. somewhere 3. Nothing 4. anybody 5. anywhere
XXII
1. There isn’t anybody on the train. / There is nobody on the train.
2. I haven’t got anything to wear to the party
3. Anna doesn’t want anybody to see her crying.
4. Can I have something to eat?
6. Please sit anywhere.
7. Has anybody seen my sunglasses? 5. ✔; 8.

XXIII
1, 6, 7: ✔

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 2. He’s hungry because he didn’t have anything for breakfast.
3. Can I have something to drink?
4. We were tired but we didn’t have anywhere to sleep.
5. Has anybody seen my passport?
8. There wasn’t anybody at the art gallery.
XXIV
1 a nothing b everything c anything d something
2 a somewhere b nowhere c anywhere d everywhere
3 a anybody b nobody c somebody d everybody
XXV
1. somebody 2. everything 3. something 4. somebody 5. anything
6. nothing 7. Everything 8. something 9. someone 10. anybody
11. someone 12. something 13. anything 14. Everybody

Use of English
XXVI
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C

XXVII
1. At 2. well 3. the / his 4. on 5. and 6. did
7. by 8. get 9. With 10. was 11. had 12. able

XXVIII
1. to 2. goals 3. their 4. to
5. as 6. on 7. the 8. had

Reading
XXIX
Task 1
1. B 2. E 3. A 4. D
Task 2
1. e 2. h 3. d 4. c 5. a 6. f 7. b 8. g

XXX
Task 1
1. G 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E 6. C
Task 2
1. F 2. T 3. NM 4. T 5. NM 6. F 7. T
XXXI
1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T

XXXII
1. B 2. F 3. C 4. A 5. D

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 Unit 8: Cities
8A. Vocabulary
I
1. street vendors 2. immigrants 3. residents 4. visitors
5. commuter 6. antenna tower 7. boulevards 8. pedicab
9. overpopulation 10. air pollution

II
1. d 2. c 3. b 4. g 5. a 6. e 7. f
III
1. taxi 2. underground 3. hot air balloon 4. coach
5. lorry 6. motorbike 7. speedboat 8. ship

IV
1. luggage rack 2. ticket inspector 3. carriage 4. gate
5. motorway 6. departure lounge 7. flight attendant 8. aisle

V
1. journey 2. track 3. change 4. coach
5. platform 6. seat 7. carriages 8. luggage
9. aisle 10. traffic jam 11. check-in desk12. passport control

VI
1. rollout 2. innovation 3. pave 4. outfit
5. attain 6. autonomous 7. alert 8. cost-effective
9. extraordinary 10. mainstream

VII
1. missed 2. Check in 3. leave 4. boarded 5. reached
6. stayed at 7. hail 8. ride 9. hire 10. booked
VIII
1. You will receive notification of the results in due course.
2. Admission to the dance is 400,000 VND, and complimentary refreshments are
provided.
3. I appreciate that it’s a difficult decision for you to make.
4. The pilot requests that passengers remain seated until the aircraft has come to
a complete stop.
5. I arrived at Phong’s house approximately half an hour ahead of schedule, and
it caused him a little inconvenience.
6. As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.
7. I regret to inform you that you didn’t get the job.
IX
1. Swimming 2. scuba diving 3. mountain biking4. kayaking
5. hiking 6. fishing 7. skiing 8. horse riding
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X
1. hotel 2. hostel 3. self-catering apartment 4. caravan site
5. holiday camp 6. campsite 7. villa 8. B&B

8B. Grammar
I
1. had got 2. wouldn’t have come 3. had had
4. would have stayed 5. hadn’t forgotten 6. might have enjoyed
7. had understood 8. hadn’t taken 9. would have visited
10. had been 11. hadn’t got up 12. wouldn’t have met

II
1. would have won 5. wouldn’t have left – hadn’t been
2. hadn’t become 6. had been
3. wouldn’t have eaten – had seen 7. would have been – hadn’t spent
4. wouldn’t have visited 8. wouldn’t have failed – had worked
III
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. E 5. B

IV
1. had arrived – could have eaten 6. would have gone away – had lighted
2. Would / have given – had asked 7. would have been – hadn’t stopped
3. would have been – had known 8. hadn’t been – would have passed
4. wouldn’t have barked – hadn’t been 9. would / have got – had missed
5. wouldn’t have lost – had trained 10. would have bought – had known
V
1. They would have gone to the beach if it had been sunny.
2. I would have made a pizza if I had had some flour.
3. She would have bought you a present if she had known it was your birthday.
4. We could have paid for dinner if you had brought your credit card.
5. They would have gone skiing if it had snowed.
6. If I had had your number, I would have invited you to my party.
7. If she had told me the time of her train, I would have gone to see her off.
8. If I had been hungry, I would have had lunch.
9. If you hadn’t told him it was a great book, he wouldn’t have bought it.
10. If he had studied hard / harder, he wouldn’t have failed / would have passed
the test.

VI
1. They would have run out of petrol if they hadn’t stopped at the last petrol
station.
2. If they hadn’t left home earlier, they would have got stuck in a traffic jam.
3. He would have broken his leg if he had fallen off the stepladder.
4. If Jack hadn’t spent all his pocket money, he would have been able to afford a
new MP3 player.
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 5. If we had gone to the right gate, we wouldn’t have missed the flight.
6. If I had had a motorbike last summer, I would have travelled around the
country.

VII
1. he had had – would have found
2. he hadn’t worked – he wouldn’t have hurt
3. wouldn’t have lived – he had earned
4. would have met – he had been able
5. had got married – would have had
6. would have gone – hadn’t always been
VIII
1. bought 2. sent 3. opening 4. arriving
5. shown 6. wanted 7. sitting 8. using
IX
1. I found the cat hiding in a box.
2. The documentary shown last night was very interesting.
3. The girl playing the lead role in the play is my best friend.
4. The museum designed by my grandparent is very beautiful to look at.
5. I bought the book advertised on TV.

X
3, 8: can’t be changed
1. Training hard, I got back on the team.
2. Living in London for six months, we had a chance to practise our English.
4. Finishing the race, he quickly drank a bottle of water.
5. Cooking lunch, I listened to the radio.
6. Disagreeing with team tactics, I had to speak to the captain.
7. Swimming, she hurt her foot.

XI
1. The insurance company have replaced the vase broken by the removal men.
2. I can’t find the address book containing all my friends’ contact details.
3. The police have arrested the woman seen shop-lifting on CCTV.
4. I’ve got a photo of my grandad driving an old Mercedes.
5. I live in a farmhouse built in 1902.
6. The man living next door was a climate change scientist.

XII
1. His novel first serialized in a magazine was made into a film.
2. Young readers looking for good sources of knowledge should try this website.
3. Many books unknown to most people are on university literature courses.
4. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travel published in the 18 th century is still popular
today.
5. Only lucky readers given an invitation will meet the author.

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 6. The Tale of Genji written by Murasaki Shikibu was one of the world’s first
novels.

XIII
1. There are some courses starting at the university.
2. There were lots of students in the library revising for their exams.
3. There was nothing written in it.
4. There was an article translated badly from French.
5. There are writers signing autographs at a book festival in the city centre.
6. There were lots of writers producing good material in Vietnamese literature in
the 20th century.

XIV
1. Despite 2. if 3. until 4. While
5. when 6. Once 7. before 8. without

XV
1. travelling 2. holding up 3. approaching 4. reaching 5. seeing
6. entering 7. sitting 8. being 9. spoken 10. lost

XVI
1. shown 2. performing 3. ending 4. decided
5. attended 6. singing 7. winning 8. watched
9. followed 10. won 11. doing

XVII
1. to catch 2. to do 3. to eat 4. to come 5. to listen
6. to read 7. to hear 8. to write 9. to say 10. to see
XVIII
1. It was a very strange question to ask.
2. It was very kind of you to visit me in hospital.
3. It was very rude of him to make that remark.
4. It was very exciting to fly in the plane.
5. It was quite a surprise to see her again.
6. It was very generous of John to give £1,000 to the charity.
7. It was difficult to ride the motorbike.
8. It was very strange of you to visit that place.
9. It was silly of him to do that.
10. It was smart of her to give the correct answers to all the difficult questions.
XIX
1. where to buy 2. whether to stay – go 3. how to fix
4. whether to look for 5. where to get 6. whether to go
7. what time to have 8. what to wear
9. how much coffee to make 10. how to solve

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8C. Word skills
I
1. to help 2. to phone 3. laughing 4. going out
5. to see 6. to watch 7. to finish 8. to go
9. to lend 10. arriving 11. speaking 12. going
II
1. posting – to post 2. meeting – to buy 3. standing – to hand
4. to tell – not revising 5. to have – criticising 6. to become – eating
7. walking – ride – fall
III
1. doing 2. not to arrive 3. not to spend 4. going
5. not to see 6. to buy 7. going out 8. travelling
IV
1. to have 2. talking 3. lending
4. to tell 5. to speak 6. to return
V
1. to go / going 2. to work / working 3. to do
4. travelling 5. listening 6. to cook
VI
1. studying 2. to learn 3. doing 4. studying
5. going out 6. taking 7. going 8. lying

VII
1. putting 2. to lock 3. going 4. to become
5. to buy 6. to find 7. to take 8. wearing
VIII
1. to post 2. to push 3. drinking 4. saying
5. dancing 6. to learn 7. visiting
IX
1. expects to be 2. can’t stand seeing 3. enjoy reading 4. failed to keep
5. keeps looking 6. can’t face watching 7. says he’ll refuse to eat
X
1. to turn off 2. doing 3. to lead 4. spending
5. looking 6. to be 7. to spend 8. watching
XI
1. meeting 2. to see 3. to go 4. wearing
5. eating 6. spending 7. to come 8. staying
8D. Reading
I
1. F 2. D 3. H 4. B
5. G 6. A 7. C 8. E
II
1. G 2. D 3. E 4. H
5. A 6. C 7. F 8. B

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III
1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F
5. F 6. F 7. T 8. F
IV
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C
6. C 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. B
V
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. A
VI
1. B 2. C 3. F 4. A 5. D
VII
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B
VIII
Task1: b Task 2
A. 5 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
IX
Task 1
1. IB 2. IB 3. MP 4. IB 5. MP 6. VG 7. VG 8. IB 9. MP
Task 2
1. e 2. h 3. b 4. c 5. g 6. d 7. f 8. a
a. pilots b. pilgrimage c. caravan d. contemporaries
e. merchants f. abandoned g. ambassador h. inspired Task 3
1. B 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. F 6. C

X
Task 1: B
Task 2
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B
Task 3
1. the total number of years that they spent on their world tour
2. the number of miles that they travelled in the first stage of their journey
3. the maximum number of miles that they could travel in an hour
4. the total number of miles that they travelled during their world tour
Task 4
1. breakdown 2. part 3. set sail 4. make it 5. entire

XI
Task 1
1. T 2. F 3. NM 4. T 5. NM 6. F
Task 2
1. It has gone down over the last 100 years.
2. Hunter gatherers find food for themselves, pastoral nomads travel to find food
for their animals.
3. You usually find them in industrialized countries.
4. The loggers who are cutting down the rainforest where they live.
5. She is proud of it and it is the lifestyle that she grew up with.

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 6. They’re adapting to challenges by combining aspects of modern life with their
traditional lifestyle.

Pronunciation
1. A: Mai will grow some young trees in the school garden tomorrow, won’t she? ↘
B: Yes, she will.

2. A: We’re going to Cuc Phuong National Park next week, aren’t we? ↗

B: No, we aren’t. Next month.

3. A: Fossil fuels will be used up soon, won’t they? ↘

B: Yes, they will.

4. A: You didn’t hear an announcement about the maths test, did you? ↘

B: No, I didn’t.

5. A: Your father worked as a forest ranger, didn’t he? ↗

B: No, he didn’t.

6. A: You have never been to Cat Tien National Park, have you? ↘
B: No, I haven’t.
7. A: U Minh Thuong National Park is a region with the richest biodiversity in the

Mekong River Delta, isn’t it? ↗

B: Yes, it is.
8. A: The leaders of the world have worked together to solve the problem of

global warming, haven’t they? ↗

B: Yes, they have.
8E. Speaking
I
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. a
II
1. H 2. F 3. B 4. I 5. C 6. G 7. A 8. E
III
1. a package tour
2. visit many famous destinations in Ha Long Bay
3. be storms or hurricanes
4. sail around the Bay on a luxury boat, visit some caves and grottoes and enjoy
seafood for lunch
5. kayaking, windsurfing, skydiving
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 6. Bai Chay beach, and other beaches on some islets
7. visit some fishing villages, or have a night squid fishing
8. stay in a hotel or spend the night romantically on board of a ship
IV
1. g 2. e 3. f 4. c 5. d 6. a 7. h 8. b
V
1. A I want to complain about my room.
B I’d like to make a complaint.
2. A I’m sorry to hear there’s a problem.
B I’m very sorry to hear that.
3. A What seems to be the problem?
B What’s the matter with it?
4. A That’s really beyond our control, I’m afraid.
B I’ll see what I can do.
5. A I’m sorry, it’s not good enough.
B There’s really nothing I can do about it.
6. A I’m really not happy about this.
B I must apologise.

VI
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A

VII
1. inspired 2. named 3. route 4. set 5. shipwrecked
6. abandoned 7. destination 8. was 9. back 10. killed

8F. Writing
I
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to enquire about the accommodation at your hotel. I would be in your city on a holiday
tour with my family next month. I would like to know if you could provide accommodation for a small
family of four persons including my parents, my younger brother aged eleven, and me aged seventeen
for four nights. Our requirement is one large twin-bedded room, preferably on the third floor with
balconies overlooking natural scene.
If you can provide the above accommodation, please send me immediately the prices so that I may
order the reservation of accommodation in your hotel.
Yours faithfully
Phong

II
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to enquire about a visit to your youth hostel in Bangkok next month. One of my friends,
who visited Bangkok last week and stayed at your hotel, has recommended it to me. I would like to
visit your city along with my three classmates. All of us are male aged seventeen or eighteen.
Would you please send me your rates of two double rooms with toilets attached inclusive of breakfast?
We would prefer the rooms next to each other on the third floor with balconies overlooking natural
scene.
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 I am looking forward to your reply immediately so that we may reserve the rooms at the earliest
opportunity and make arrangements for our travel to Bangkok.
Yours faithfully

Review Unit 8

Vocabulary
I
1. track 2. customs 3. cab 4. platform 5. carriage

II
1. residents 2. pedicabs 3. immigrants 4. visitors
5. boulevard 6. commuters 7. street vendor 8. traffic jam
9. overpopulation 10. air pollution
III
1. runway 2. rucksack 3. escalator 4. traffic jam
5. air traffic controller 6. carriage 7. customs 8. passport control
9. departures board 10. trolley 11. track 12. cab

IV
1. platform 2. change 3. traffic 4. luggage 5. landed
V
1. hire 2. check in 3. reached 4. check into
5. hailing 6. missed 7. booked 8. boarding
VI
1. get back 2. set off 3. check in 4. blast off
5. get on 6. touch down 7. drop sb off 8. check out
9. get off 10. pick sb up
VII
1. b; set – get 2. c; checked – checking 3. d; drop – pick
4. e; get – get 5. a; blast – touched
Grammar
VIII
1. would have been – had bought 5. had set – wouldn’t have been
2. wouldn’t have failed – had revised 6. had known – would have sent
3. would have played – hadn’t been 7. had heard – would have answered
4. wouldn’t have crashed – hadn’t driven 8. hadn’t wasted – wouldn’t have had
to
IX
1. What would you have eaten last night if you had had the choice?
2. Who would you have visited last night if you had had the time?
3. Where would you have stayed if you had gone away last weekend?
4. What would you have done if you had felt ill this morning?
5. What would you have bought yesterday if you had had the money?
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 6. Which film would you have seen if you had gone to the cinema last night?
X
1. would you have phoned the police 4. would you have been a doctor
2. would you have borrowed it from your dad5. would you have gone to Hue
3. would you have retaken them
XI
1. written 2. called 3. hiding 4. Scared 5. built
XII
1. The computer delivered two days ago has already broken down.
2. That man walking towards us is my uncle.
3. There was a camera left on the table.
4. Miroslav Klose, having spent most of his life in Germany, is a footballer from
Poland.
5. There is a dog barking loudly in the garden.
6. The customers having had their meals in the restaurant started singing
traditional songs.

XIII
1. R 2. R 3. T 4. R 5. R 6. T
XIV
1. Looking around the room, she felt someone tap her shoulder.
2. Trying to catch our attention, Kate waved to us.
3. Living abroad, Nam realized that it was not always easy to make friends with
foreigners.
4. Not knowing where to go, I asked for directions.
5. Not wanting to become a doctor, I changed my programme of studies.
6. Having finished writing his essay, he felt very knowledgeable about the topic.
XV
1. I only eat food made with fresh ingredients.
2. We visited a castle built in the sixteenth century.
3. I saw a young girl stealing a CD.
4. This self-portrait, painted by Van Gogh in 1889, is one of his finest.
5. Is that your dog making a mess on the lawn?
6. People working for private companies usually get paid more than those in the
public sector.
XVI
1. parking on double lines 6. not required on the journey
2. not returned 7. sold in the shop
3. crossing the rails 8. copying from others
4. left in the play area 9. left unattended
5. served with the meal 10. not obeying the lights
XVII
1. to leave 2. to find 3. kind enough to lend 4. to hear
5. to play with 6. to visit 7. to find 8. to cook in
9. to swim 10. to realise

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Word skills
XVIII
1. liking 2. not to notice 3. to see 4. living 5. to hear
XIX
1. to go 2. to help 3. going 4. to let
5. making 6. waiting 7. seeing 8. to watch
9. wearing 10. to live 11. staying 12. to have
XX
1. singing 2. to submit 3. to tell 4. tying up 5. talking
6. driving 7. getting 8. eating 9. to eat 10. to have
XXI
1. playing 2. to study 3. taking 4. to make
5. to buy 6. to get 7. singing 8. giving

XXII
1. meeting 2. having 3. to e-mail 4. taking 5. to switch off

XXIII
1. to watch 2. to reach 3. winning 4. turning 5. talking 6. to lock

XXIV
1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. a

Use of English
XXV
1. would be 2. were 3. sets 4. will wave 5. went
6. is pulled 7. have been restored 8. is 9. continuing 10. have travelled
XXVI
1. adventurous 2. excitement 3. unforgettable 4. crowded 5. luxurious
6. cloudy 7. spectacular 8. incredibly 9. dangerous 10. relaxation

Reading
XXVII
1. F 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F

XXVIII
1. They are recycling, renewable energy, transportation options, building
construction, air quality and emissions.
2. Because there are lots of electric and manual bikes, organic food, clean water,
sustainable buildings and hotels, lots of green space and fewer cars.
3. It will focus on transportation and renewable energy.
4. Bristol will concentrate on low carbon sectors.

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 5. Because it’s mild and it leads the way for forward thinking and environmental
awareness.
6. It’ll try to be powered entirely by renewable energy by the year 2050.

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