PART A- THE WRITER’S MAIN IDEA

The writer’s main idea is choosing a career is crucial for economic and job
security, job satisfaction and the choice to eventually retire, amidst the
overwhelming array of careers available. (30 Words)

Introduction- In “The Importance of Choosing a Career Path”, the

writer’s main idea is choosing a career is crucial for economic and job
security, job satisfaction and the choice to eventually retire, amidst the
overwhelming array of careers available. This essay will discuss three
organisational strategies used in the piece to achieve the writer’s
purpose and an evaluation of the article’s credibility.

PART B- ORGANISATIONAL STRATEGIES

1. Topical Organization: The writer structures the discussion around
distinct yet related topics: economic security, job satisfaction, job security,
and the freedom to retire. Each topic is treated as a separate section,
allowing for a clear and organized presentation of ideas.

2. Use of Statistical Evidence: To reinforce points, the writer integrates

statistics and findings from credible sources like Georgetown University,
the Society for Human Resource Management, the National Centre for
Education Statistics, and the Economic Policy Institute. This strategy lends
authority to the arguments presented.

3. Problem-Solution Framework: Each section outlines a potential

problem or challenge (e.g., risk of unemployment, lack of job satisfaction)
 and then proposes how choosing a career path serves as a solution or
preventative measure.

4. Sequential Steps: The text suggests a sequence in which actions should

be taken—starting from education (high school to master’s degree) and
moving towards internships and stable employment—emphasizing a
progressive approach to career planning.

5. Comparative Analysis: By comparing the earnings and employment

rates of individuals with different educational backgrounds, the writer
highlights the benefits of higher education and specialized training.

6. Authoritative Reference- Georgetown University’s Centre on Education

and The Workforce, Society for Human Resource Management, National
Centre for Educational Statistics, Economic Policy Institute.

These strategies work together to create a compelling, well-structured argument

for the importance of deliberate career planning.

LITERARY TECHNIQUES
The extract employs several literary techniques to enhance its persuasive power
and clarify its points:

Rhetorical Questions: This technique often appears in texts to engage readers

and prompt them to think critically about the topic. It can be inferred that the
overarching questions about career choices function rhetorically to drive the
reader's self-reflection. For example, “what are you planning on doing with your
life?”

1. Parallelism: The writer structures related ideas using similar patterns,

which helps in emphasizing the points and making the argument more
coherent and memorable. For example, the listing of benefits such as job
satisfaction, job security, and the ability to retire effectively uses a parallel
structure to reinforce the importance of each.

2. Juxtaposition: By positioning the outcomes for different education levels

side by side, the author starkly contrasts the prospects of high school
dropouts versus college graduates, thereby emphasizing the benefits of
higher education.

3. Alliteration: This might be used subtly in phrases like "good job" and
"great risk" where the repetition of initial consonant sounds makes the
text more memorable and engaging.(Last Resort)

4. Pathos: Appealing to the reader's emotions, the text discusses the stress
and anxiety associated with unstable, low-paying jobs compared to the
security that a well-planned career path can offer. This emotional appeal is
meant to motivate readers to act based on the fear of negative outcomes
and the desire for a stable, satisfying professional life.
 5. Exemplification: By providing specific examples of how career choices
impact long-term earnings and job security, the writer illustrates broader
points, making them more tangible and relatable to the reader.

6. Anaphora: This is the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of

successive clauses or sentences. (“Repetition — Definition and Examples”)
For example, repeated use of phrases like "Choosing a career path..." at
the beginning of paragraphs or sections could emphasize the importance
of proactive decision-making.

7. Hyperbole: The use of overstatements to emphasize the dire

consequences of not following a career path or the great benefits of
choosing one, though subtle, could be seen in expressions about the
drastic differences in earnings or job security.

8. Metaphor: There might be metaphoric language used to compare career

paths to pathways or journeys, which is common in discussions about
careers. This helps readers visualize the abstract process of career
planning as a tangible journey.

PART C- CREDIBILITY EVALUATION

Evaluating the credibility of information involves examining the sources of data,
the authority of those sources, the objectivity of the presentation, and the
currency of the information. Here is an evaluation of the credibility of the extract
based on these criteria:

1. Source Authority:

 The extract cites reputable sources such as Georgetown University's

Center on Education and the Workforce, the Society for Human
Resource Management, the National Center for Education Statistics,
and the Economic Policy Institute. These organizations are well-
known and respected in their fields, providing research and
statistics on education and labour markets, which lends credibility
to the data presented.

2. Data and Statistics:

 The figures mentioned (e.g., lifetime earnings by education level,

employment rates by education level) are specific and quantifiable,
which supports the validity of the claims. However, the accuracy of
these figures can only be confirmed by cross-referencing with the
original reports or updated data if the information has changed over
time.

3. Currency:

 The statistics are cited from 2016, which raises some questions
about their current relevance. Labor markets, educational impacts
 on employment, and economic conditions can change significantly
over years. Thus, while the data was likely accurate at the time, it is
important to check whether newer data reflects similar trends or if
there have been significant changes.

4. Objectivity:

 The extract aims to persuade readers of the benefits of choosing a

career path by citing statistics and studies. While the use of
reputable sources supports objectivity, the overall presentation
leans towards advocating for a specific viewpoint—that career
planning is essential. This advocacy does not necessarily
compromise credibility but is important to recognize as it could
influence the framing of information.

5. Consistency:

 The information provided is consistent with widely recognized

trends in education and employment: higher levels of education
often correlate with higher earnings and better job security. This
consistency with known patterns lends further credibility to the
extract's claims.

6. Potential Biases:

 It is crucial to consider whether there are any biases in the selection

of data or in the presentation. For example, emphasizing only the
positive outcomes of higher education without discussing its costs
or the rising issue of student debt might present a skewed
perspective.

Overall, the extract uses credible sources and presents information that aligns
with recognized trends. However, readers should be aware of the data’s currency
and the potential framing biases within the argumentative structure. It is also
beneficial to seek out the most current data and additional perspectives to form
a well-rounded view on the topic.
PART A- DIALECTAL VARIETIES
Standard English- Narration
Caribbean Creole- Alice
INTRODUCTION- In the extract from John Hearne’s
“Voices Under the Window” the writer uses both
Standard English and Caribbean Creole. This essay will
discuss the reason for each dialectal variety,two
grammatical features of the variety used by Alice and
the effectiveness of two occurrences of non-verbal
communication.
1. BASILECT- Mostly used by Alice
1. MESOLECT- Used by Lloyd

1. BASILECT- Used by Alice the servant. One reason for her use of basilect can
be because of her job title, which suggests that she is poor and uneducated
because she is a servant. This equates to her using only basilect throughout the
passage. E.g. "Hi sah..."

2. MESOLECT- Denotes a mixture of Caribbean Creole and Caribbean standard

English. This is used by Lloyd seen in "your uncle must be a real sport to let you
have a gun like that. Even for borrows". The first part of the sentence gravitates
more towards acrolect but the latter part indicates Creole. Therefore, the mixture
of acrolect and creole creates mesolect. This indicates some level of education
and the ability to code-switch.

OTHER REASONS FOR DIALECTAL VARIETIES

1. Regional Influence- Caribbean context, therefore Caribbean Creole and

Standard English are used.

2. Social Context- Characters in the passage come from different social

backgrounds/classes/statuses. Each character’s speech reflects their social
identity and background.
 3. Cultural Influences- The use of dialectal varieties can also be influenced
by cultural factors such as traditions, customs and historical influences.
The passage contains expressions, idioms and linguistic features unique to
the culture of the region.

4. Characterisation- dialectal variation may be used to differentiate

between characters and to develop their personalities. For example,
Mark’s speech reflects a nonchalant attitude and a sense of privilege.
However, the servant’s speech reflects their familiarity with others and a
shared cultural background.

5. Authenticity- Dialectal variation adds authenticity to the setting and

characters, creating a vivid and immersive reading experience. It also
helps to create a sense of place and time, allowing readers to better
understand the social context of the narrative.

PART 2- GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF THE DIALECTAL

VARIETY USED BY ALICE.

1. Dispensation of the predicate adjective as seen in "Where you

been?" (Creole) instead of "Where have you been?" (CSE)

2. Dispensation of plural forms- Unlimited count nouns- "Well, four

bird" instead of "Four birds"

3. Dispensation of the "t" sound- "Missa Mark, instead of "Mister

Mark". Interestingly, "Missa" can be a form of the word "Massa"/
"Master(SE), from the days of slavery.

4. Lexical Variation- For example, “coal pot” which is a term used to

refer to traditional cooking utensils commonly used in Caribbean and
African cultures.

5. Idiomatic Expressions- “gully” refers to a ravine or small valley

commonly found in Caribbean landscapes.

6. Phrasal Variation- “gwine” instead of “going to” is commonly found

in Jamaican Creole where “gwine” serves as a contraction for “going
to.”
PART 3- EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
The passage employs non-verbal communication effectively to enhance
the narrative and provide depth to the characters and their interactions.

1. Mark’s casual deprecating gesture- expresses disapproval of the

previous comment. It is effective because he shrugs off the statement
that he is lucky because of his family and by extension his social
status. It also suggests that he is downplaying the significance of
having access to a gun, to appear humble or not make a big deal out of
his family’s status or resources. It also reveals how his privilege might
be perceived by others.

2. "Working and laughing together"- it is effective because it shows

that they were enjoying what they were doing even though they were
working. It also communicates camaraderie and a lighthearted
atmosphere despite the manual labour they are engaged in. It indicates
a positive work environment and good relations among the household
staff. It also proves to explain and reveal the household dynamics
without explicit written explanations.

3. “Lyn squatted on a stool”- body language is involved and depicts

concentration and comfort in her task which emphasises the physical
aspects of the labour.

4. Laying of the Birds- Mark separates the doves from the unnamed
bird to indicate its lesser quality and communicates his understanding
of the value and a level of respect for the birds he shot. It can also
indicate a sense of pride or a desire to showcase his skills effectively.

Through non-verbal communication, the passage conveys nuanced details about

the characters, their relationships and their environment which enriches the
narrative beyond what is explicitly stated in the dialogue.
PART A- PATHOS OR EMOTIONAL APPEAL
In crafting a message aimed at owners who do not properly care for their
animals, it is crucial to appeal to their emotions to evoke a sense of empathy,
responsibility, and compassion. Here are some points that could be included in
the presentation:

1. Introduction: Begin by setting the tone for the presentation, emphasizing

the importance of humane treatment and care for animals in our
community. Express empathy for the animals that are suffering due to
neglect and improper care.

2. Personal Stories: Share anecdotes or stories of animals that have

experienced neglect or mistreatment, highlighting their suffering and the
impact it has had on their well-being. Personalizing the issue can evoke
strong emotions and help owners empathize with the animals'
experiences.

3. Appeal to Empathy: Encourage owners to imagine themselves in their

pets' shoes, experiencing hunger, pain, loneliness, or fear. Emphasize that
animals are sentient beings capable of experiencing emotions and
suffering, just like humans.

4. Responsibility: Remind owners of their responsibility as caregivers and

stewards of their animals' well-being. Emphasize that pet ownership
entails a commitment to provide proper care, including food, water,
shelter, veterinary care, and socialization.

5. Consequences: Highlight the legal, ethical, and moral consequences of

neglecting or mistreating animals. Discuss the potential legal
ramifications, such as fines, penalties, or even criminal charges, for failing
to meet the basic needs of their pets.

6. Resources and Support: Offer resources, guidance, and support to

owners who may be struggling to properly care for their animals. Provide
information on local animal welfare organizations, veterinary services, and
community programs that can assist with pet care, behaviour issues, or
financial challenges.

7. Call to Action: Inspire owners to act by committing to provide proper

care for their animals. Encourage them to seek help if needed, educate
 themselves about responsible pet ownership, and make positive changes
to improve their pets' quality of life.

By appealing to owners' emotions and fostering empathy and compassion, the

presentation can motivate them to recognize the importance of proper animal
care and take proactive steps to ensure the well-being of their pets.

PART B- LOGOS APPEAL

In addressing community members who treat stray cats and dogs with cruelty, it
is essential to appeal to their sense of reason and logic to convey the importance
of compassion and ethical treatment of animals. Here are the key points to
include in the message:

1. Introduction: Start by framing the issue as a matter of ethical

responsibility and community well-being. Emphasize that cruelty to stray
animals is not only morally wrong but also reflects poorly on the
community as a whole.

2. Legal and Moral Obligations: Discuss the legal and moral obligations
that individuals have towards animals, including stray cats and dogs.
Highlight the laws and regulations in place to protect animals from cruelty
and abuse and emphasize that mistreating animals is a violation of these
laws as well as basic ethical principles.

3. Consequences of Cruelty: Outline the negative consequences of cruelty

towards stray animals, both for the animals themselves and for the
community at large. Discuss the physical and psychological harm inflicted
on the animals, as well as the potential risks to public health and safety
associated with unchecked cruelty.

4. Education and Awareness: Advocate for education and awareness

initiatives to promote responsible and humane treatment of stray animals.
Highlight the importance of educating community members about proper
animal care, the benefits of spaying/neutering, and the availability of
resources for managing stray populations in a humane manner.

5. Alternatives to Cruelty: Present alternatives to cruelty as more effective

and humane ways of addressing issues related to stray animals. Discuss
the benefits of trap-neuter-return (TNR) programs, community outreach
efforts, and collaboration with local animal welfare organizations to
 provide support and resources for managing stray populations in a
compassionate manner.

6. Community Engagement: Encourage community members to actively

participate in efforts to protect and care for stray animals. Promote
volunteer opportunities, fundraising initiatives, and advocacy campaigns
aimed at raising awareness and mobilizing support for animal welfare
causes.

7. Call to Action: Conclude the message with a call to action, urging

community members to commit to treating stray animals with kindness,
compassion, and respect. Encourage them to report instances of cruelty or
neglect, support local animal welfare initiatives, and advocate for policies
that promote the humane treatment of animals.

By appealing to logic and reason, the message aims to engage community

members in a constructive dialogue about the importance of ethical treatment of
stray cats and dogs and the role that individuals can play in promoting animal
welfare and building a more compassionate community.

PART C- SUITABILITY OF ONE DIALECTAL VARIETY TO BE USED FOR

THE TARGET AUDIENCES

Dialectal Variety- Creole and Standard English-MESOLECT

REASONS AND SUITABILITY

 Local community members who are comfortable using the regional dialect
to establish rapport with the audience.
 Ensure that the dialectal variety used is widely understood and accepted
within the local community.
 Do not choose a dialectal variety that is offensive or exclusionary.
  Ensure that the dialectal variety is factoring in audience familiarity,
cultural context and communication goals.

PART D- MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES FOR TARGET AUDIENCES: OWNERS

AND THE COMMUNITY

To effectively reach owners and the community regarding the proper care of
animals and the prevention of cruelty to stray cats and dogs, a combination of
media technologies can be employed. Here are some options:

1. **Social Media Platforms:** Utilize platforms such as Facebook, Twitter,

Instagram, and TikTok to disseminate messages, share educational content, and
raise awareness about responsible pet ownership and animal welfare issues.
Create engaging posts, videos, and infographics that highlight the importance of
proper care for pets and the consequences of cruelty to animals.

2. **Community Websites and Forums:** Engage with local community

websites, forums, and online groups to share information and resources related
to animal care and welfare. Participate in discussions, answer questions, and
provide guidance to community members seeking advice on pet care and
behavior.

3. **Email Newsletters:** Develop an email newsletter campaign to deliver

regular updates, tips, and resources on animal care and welfare directly to pet
owners and community members' inboxes. Include informative articles, success
stories, and upcoming events related to animal welfare initiatives.

4. **Local Newspapers and Magazines:** Partner with local newspapers and

magazines to publish articles, op-eds, and features addressing animal care and
welfare issues. Highlight success stories, community initiatives, and tips for
responsible pet ownership to reach a wider audience within the community.

5. **Radio and Podcasts:** Collaborate with local radio stations and podcasts
to host interviews, discussions, and segments focusing on animal care, welfare,
and community initiatives. Share practical tips, expert advice, and inspiring
stories to engage listeners and raise awareness about the importance of treating
animals with compassion and respect.

6. **Community Events and Workshops:** Organize community events,

workshops, and seminars focused on animal care, training, and welfare. Use
these opportunities to provide direct demonstrations, distribute educational
materials, and engage with pet owners and community members in person.

7. **Digital Signage and Public Displays:** Install digital signage and public
displays in high-traffic areas such as community centres, parks, and shopping
malls to showcase messages, infographics, and videos related to responsible pet
ownership and animal welfare. Use eye-catching visuals and concise messaging
to capture the attention of passersby.

8. **Mobile Apps and Websites:** Develop mobile apps and websites

dedicated to animal care and welfare, providing users with access to resources,
tools, and information on pet health, behaviour, and adoption. Incorporate
features such as pet care guides, veterinary directories, and interactive forums
to support pet owners and foster community engagement.

By leveraging a diverse range of media technologies, including social media,

community websites, traditional media outlets, and in-person events,
organizations can effectively reach owners and the community to promote
responsible pet ownership and prevent cruelty to stray cats and dogs.