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STD 7 Phy - Electricity and Magnetism NTB

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90 views13 pages

STD 7 Phy - Electricity and Magnetism NTB

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sanshrayvig2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Subject - Physics

Topic – Electricity & Magnetism


Std - VII
ARYA VIDYA MANDIR GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
INTRODUCTION
The first magnet was discovered nearly 5000 years ago in a town called Magnesia.
The word magnet had been derived from the name of the town Magnesia.

A magnet has two poles : NORTH and SOUTH

LAW OF MAGNETISM

Like Poles repel and unlike poles attract.


ACTIVITY-1
Experiment to illustrate that like poles of two magnets repel
each other while the unlike poles attract.
❖ Take two bar magnets A and B. Suspend one magnet A
with a silk thread from a support so that it is free to
swing.
❖ The magnet A will come to rest in the North-South
direction. The North pole of the magnet A is in the North
direction and its South pole is in the South direction.
❖ Now holding the other magnet B in your hand if you bring
its North pole near the North pole of the suspended
magnet A as shown in figure you will observe that the
two poles repel each other. Care is taken that the two
magnets do not touch each other.
❖ Now if you bring the South pole of the magnet B near the
north pole of the suspended magnet A as shown in figure
without touching it, you will observe that the two poles
attract each other.
TEST FOR A MAGNET
Repulsion is a sure test for a magnet.
A magnet will attract
(i) a magnetic substance ( such as a iron rod )
(ii) Another magnet when the unlike poles of the two
magnets faces each other
A magnet will repel
(i) If two like poles face each other
Repulsion indicates that both are magnets
PHENOMENON OF ELECTROMAGNETISM
Magnetic Field
The space around a bar magnet in which the magnetic compass compass gets
influenced, is called its magnetic field.
Electromagnet
When the ends of the coil are joined to a dry cell and current is passed through it, the
cylindrical coil carrying current behaves like a magnet i.e. It produces a magnetic field
around it. This magnet is called an Electromagnet and the phenomenon is called
Electromagnetism.
USES OF ELECTROMAGNETS

• For loading furnaces with iron


• For removing iron dust from wounds.
• For separating magnetic substances from non-
magnetic substances.
• For lifting big pieces of iron from scrap.
• In electrical gadgets like electric bell, electric
tram, microphone, loudspeaker.
ELECTRIC BELL
Working
• When the switch is not pressed no current
flows in the coil of electromagnet.
• As, the switch is pressed current flows through
the coil of the electromagnet.
• It becomes electromagnet hence attracts the
armature.
• So, the hammer strikes the gong and the bell
rings.
• The contact between the metallic spring and
the adjusting screw breaks.
• The circuit becomes incomplete and current
stops flowing in the coil.
• The process of making and breaking of circuit
continues and the bell rings so long as the bell
push remains pressed.
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
The main sources are :
1. The electric cell and battery
2. The mains
3. The generator and
4. The solar cells

The electric cell

• Most common source of electricity.


• A cell consists of a vessel with two metal rods called the
electrodes and a chemical substance either in the form
of solution or paste called the electrolyte.
• Chemical energy changes to electrical energy.
• Copper rod becomes the positive electrode(anode) and
the zinc rod becomes the negative electrode(cathode)
CURRENT
Current is defined as the rate of flow of charge ie. The amount of charge
flowing in one second.
It is measured in the unit ampere (symbol A) named after the name of the
scientist Ampere

RESISTORS

•Resistors control the flow of the electric current in a circuit.


DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS

CONDUCTORS INSULATORS
The substances which allow The substances which do not
electricity to flow through them, allow electricity to flow through
are called conductors them are called insulators.
Examples – All metals such as Examples – Cotton, Rubber,
copper, aluminium, silver, iron, Wood, Paper, Glass, Leather,
brass, steel, Human body, Pure water, etc.
Impure water are conductors.
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN BEFORE THE CIRCUIT IS
SWITCHED ON

• See that all the components of the circuit are properly


connected.

• See that the connecting wire is tightly connected to each


appliance or component.

• Do not touch the switch or any component with wet hands.

• See that the connecting wire is no where naked, it should be


everywhere properly insulated.

• See that the source of electricity is properly joined.

• ******************THE END*************************

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