LAB#8: Runtime Polymorphism
Name: abdurahman
roll no 21
Semester: 2nd
Presentation/Procedure Code Comments Response Total
& conclusion
TASKS
All the shapes share some features for example each have some area and perimeter. Every
shape has dimensions. Shapes can be further divided into 2D and 3D shapes. Area is the
property of 2D Shapes and volume is the additional property of 3D Shapes. Square and
circle are two derived classes of 2D Shapes. Cube and sphere are the 3D shapes. Let us
assume that only 2D shapes can be painted and the paint cost depends on area and can be
calculated if cost/unit area is provided. Provide a design in OOP of the scenario discussed
above and exercise polymorphism in main by creating 10 pointers to object array. Make
virtual functions where required
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
// Base class Shape
class Shape {
public:
virtual double area() const = 0;
virtual double perimeter() const = 0;
virtual ~Shape() {}
};
// Derived class for 2D shapes
class Shape2D : public Shape {
public:
virtual double paintCost(double costPerUnitArea) const {
return area() * costPerUnitArea;
}
virtual ~Shape2D() {}
};
// Derived class for 3D shapes
class Shape3D : public Shape {
public:
virtual double volume() const = 0;
virtual ~Shape3D() {}
};
// Square class derived from Shape2D
class Square : public Shape2D {
private:
double side;
public:
Square(double s) : side(s) {}
double area() const override {
return side * side;
}
double perimeter() const override {
return 4 * side;
}
};
// Circle class derived from Shape2D
class Circle : public Shape2D {
private:
double radius;
public:
Circle(double r) : radius(r) {}
double area() const override {
return M_PI * radius * radius;
}
double perimeter() const override {
return 2 * M_PI * radius;
}
};
// Cube class derived from Shape3D
class Cube : public Shape3D {
private:
double side;
public:
Cube(double s) : side(s) {}
double area() const override {
return 6 * side * side;
}
double perimeter() const override {
return 12 * side;
}
double volume() const override {
return side * side * side;
}
};
// Sphere class derived from Shape3D
class Sphere : public Shape3D {
private:
double radius;
public:
Sphere(double r) : radius(r) {}
double area() const override {
return 4 * M_PI * radius * radius;
}
double perimeter() const override {
return 2 * M_PI * radius;
}
double volume() const override {
return (4.0/3) * M_PI * radius * radius * radius;
}
};
int main() {
Shape* shapes[10];
// Create objects of 2D and 3D shapes
shapes[0] = new Square(5);
shapes[1] = new Circle(3);
shapes[2] = new Cube(4);
shapes[3] = new Sphere(2);
shapes[4] = new Square(6);
shapes[5] = new Circle(4);
shapes[6] = new Cube(5);
shapes[7] = new Sphere(3);
shapes[8] = new Square(7);
shapes[9] = new Circle(5);
// Display area, perimeter and paint cost for 2D shapes
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
if (Shape2D* s2d = dynamic_cast<Shape2D*>(shapes[i])) {
cout << "2D Shape:" << endl;
cout << "Area: " << s2d->area() << endl;
cout << "Perimeter: " << s2d->perimeter() << endl;
cout << "Paint Cost (cost/unit area = 10): " << s2d->paintCost(10) << endl;
} else if (Shape3D* s3d = dynamic_cast<Shape3D*>(shapes[i])) {
cout << "3D Shape:" << endl;
cout << "Area: " << s3d->area() << endl;
cout << "Perimeter: " << s3d->perimeter() << endl;
cout << "Volume: " << s3d->volume() << endl;
}
cout << "---------------------" << endl;
}
// Clean up
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
delete shapes[i];
}
return 0;
}
Explanation:
Base Class Shape: Defines virtual functions for area and perimeter, making it an ab-
stract class.
Derived Class Shape2D: Adds a virtual function for calculating paint cost based on
area.
Derived Class Shape3D: Adds a virtual function for calculating volume.
Square and Circle Classes: Implement area and perimeter functions.
Cube and Sphere Classes: Implement area, perimeter (circumference for sphere), and
volume functions.
Conclusion: This lab demonstrates the use of runtime polymorphism with virtual functions.
By using a base class pointer, we can handle different derived class objects uniformly, show-
ing polymorphic behavior.
