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Final Report

REGIONAL STUDY OF REMAINING AND

NEW POTENTIAL OF BLOCKS 01-02

For

PVEP Blocks 01&02

Prepared by:

Msc Pham The Phuong, Senior Geologist

Msc Doan Viet Trung, Senior Geomodeler
Nguyen Cao Long, Senior Geophysicist
Phd Joseph J. Lambiase, Consultant Geologist
Nguyen Nhi Thuy, Senior Petrophysicist
Msc Nguyen Huyen Anh, Geologist

December 2018, Ho Chi Minh City

 EastSea Star Software Co.,Ltd
Tel: (+84 8) 629 155 79 | Fax: (+84 8) 629 155 80 | Website: www.esstar.com.vn

Figure 3-18: Picket Plot (RT&PHI) at Water/Oil Zone of RB-4X Well to Determine Rw for
Miocene (MI-10/20/30) Resevoir (verified by pressure data) ................................................ 99
Figure 3-19: Picket plot (RT&PHI) at water/oil zone of RB-1X well to determine Rw for
Miocene (MI-09/10/20/30/62) reservoir (verified by pressure data) ....................................... 99
Figure 3-20: Picket plot (RT&PHI) at water/oil zone of RB-3X well to determine Rw for
Miocene (MI-09/10/20) reservoir (verified by pressure data) ............................................... 100
Figure 3-21: Picket plot (RT_C &PHI) at water/oil zone of DM-2X well to determine Rw for
Miocene (MI-75) reservoir (verified by pressure data) ......................................................... 100
Figure 3-22: Picket plot (RT_C &PHI) at water/oil zone of PL-1X well to determine Rw for
Miocene (MI-09/10/20) reservoir (verified by pressure data) .............................................. 101
Figure 3-23: Picket plot (RT_C &PHI) at water/oil zone of PL-1X well to determine Rw for
Miocene (MI-30/40/50) reservoir (verified by pressure data) .............................................. 101
Figure 3-24: Picket plot (RT_C &PHI) at water/oil zone of EM-1X and EM-2X well to
determine Rw for Miocene (MI-09/10) reservoir (verified by pressure data) ...................... 102
Figure 3-25: Rock type analysis for Miocene formation – Blocks 01&02 ............................ 104
Figure 3-26: Porosity permeability relationship for each rock type ...................................... 105
Figure 3-27: Four rock types are compatible with the ones from experimental charts .......... 106
Figure 3-28: Cut-off values for each rock type based on clay volume and porosity ............. 107
Figure 3-29: Irreducible water saturation as a function of PORZ – applicable in zones confirmed
by DST data: oil flow with zero water cut ............................................................................. 107
Figure 3-30: Multiple J functions defined for each rock type ................................................ 109
Figure 3-31: Final petrophysical results for RBA-6P well .................................................... 110
Figure 3-32: Final petrophysical results for RBA-12P-ST4 well ......................................... 110
Figure 3-33: Final petrophysical results for RB-1X, RBA-1P, RBA-2P, RBA-3P, RBA-5P,
RBA-6P RBA-9P, RBA-12PST, RBA-14XP well ............................................................... 111
Figure 3-34: Final petrophysical results for RBA-12P-ST4, RBA-4P, RBA-11P, RBB-1P,
RBB-2P RBB-3P, RBB-5P, RBB-7P RBB-9P, RBB-10P, , RBB-11P, , RBB-13P well...... 111
Figure 3-35: Final petrophysical results for RB-3X, RBB-7P, RBB-8P, RBB-11P, RBB-13P
well......................................................................................................................................... 112
Figure 3-36: Compare net pay results in MI-09 between conventional methods and the approach
applied in this study ............................................................................................................... 112
Figure 3-37: Compare net pay results in MI-10 between conventional methods and the approach
applied in this study ............................................................................................................... 113
Figure 3-38: Final petrophysical results for DM-2X well ..................................................... 113
Figure 3-39: Final petrophysical results for PL-1X, PL-2P and PL-3PST well .................... 114
Figure 3-40: Final petrophysical results for TN-1X, TN-2P, TN-3X, TN-3XST and TN-4P well
............................................................................................................................................... 114
Figure 3-41: Final petrophysical results for EM-1X and EM-2X well .................................. 115
Figure 3-42: High Resistivity Phenomenon in Lower Oligocene (OL-45/50) in EM-1X ..... 116
Figure 3-43: High resistivity Phenomenon in Lower Oligocene EM-2X .............................. 116
Figure 3-44: Electric parameters definition for high resistivity zone in Lower Oligocene (E and
F sequences) of EM-1X well ................................................................................................. 118
Figure 3-45: Electric parameters definition for high resistivity zone in Lower Oligocene (E and
F sequences) of EM-2X well ................................................................................................. 118
Figure 3-46: Formation water resistivity definition by Pickett-plot for E sequence in Ruby field
............................................................................................................................................... 119
Figure 3-47: Determination Rw at Reservoirs have Rt <100 Ohm.m for Jade Field............ 120

vi
 Pearl Field HIIP & Reserves Assessment Report, Blocks 01&02, Cuu Long Basin

4.2 FIELD GEOLOGY

4.2.1 SEISMIC INTERPRETATION
4.2.1.1 SEISMIC TO WELL CALIBRATION
Four (04) wells were drilled in Pearl field, Block 01&02 provide quite reliable well control
for seismic to well tied and seismic data interpretation. Synthetic seismograms have been
produced for all of well based on 2020 LSQ APSDM 3D seismic data (in time domain)
and Check-shot/ VSP, density (RHOB) and sonic (DT) data. The basic workflow to
conduct the seismograms in Petrel software is as follows:

1. Log conditioning: smooth and despike/ clip the RHOB, DT and other logs.
2. Sonic calibration: performed by slightly increasing or decreasing sonic slowness
values over sections of the log until the integrated sonic log travel times match
those derived from the check-shot survey.
3. Wavelet: using Ricker wavelet. The selected frequency value is refer from the
seismic dominance frequency extraction with difference depths.
4. Using time-varying-wavelet method to produce synthetic seismogram for all wells.
The generated coefficient was convolved with several wavelets have frequency
suitable for different depths such as Ricker 37 Hz, 35 HZ, 30 Hz, 25 Hz, 20 Hz.
5. Stretch-squeeze technique to match synthetic and seismic along the well bore.
Match synthetic and surface seismic to get time-depth relationship for all wells.

Generally, the synthetics for PL-1X, PL-1P, PL-2P and PL-3P wells are showing good
calibration at the makers of Top of main sequences in the Cuu Long basin (BI.2, BI.1, C,
D and BSMT), and Top of MI-9, Base of MI-10 reservoirs. The cross-correlation is from
0.7 to 0.8, the main reservoir section from Top BI.2 to Base MI-10 have good correlation
while cross correlation of section below Base MI-10 decrease with depth (Figures 4.2.1
to 4.2.4). The synthetic results show that the Top of MI-65 cannot defined on synthetic
and seismic hence top of this reservoir cannot interpreted with present available data.

Beyond Pearl wells' area, a reasonable good overall horizon calibration was achieved by
tying events into all other control wells within the nearby Emerald area. Top E sequence
were also correlated from the EM-1X and EM-2X since no well penetrated this sequence
in the Pearl area.

Based on the results of seismic to well tied and seismic characteristics of each seismic
sequence, the definition of interpretation horizons are shown in Figure 4.2.5.

4.2.1.2 STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION

FAULT INTERPRETATION
Pearl field has complex structure formed by NE-SW and EW fault systems. All fault
segment were interpreted on the ALSQ-PSDM dataset by tracking reflection discontinuity
on seismic cross section and it’s displacement on time slices (Figures 4.2.6 to 4.2.14).
Furthermore, the seismic attributes is also used to guide the fault interpretation.
Generally, application of seismic attributes provides considerable improvement of fault
interpretation confidence. Several attributes were tested such as Variance, Curvature, 3D

September 2021 (Confidential) Page 3 of 12

CUU LONG BASIN REGIONAL SETTINGS

3 main tectonic phases:

 Rifting: Eocene ? – early Late Oligocene (E & F seq. to
early D seq.).
• Formation of large-scale half-grabens and smaller syn-rift
troughs, trend dominantly NE-SW.
• Rotated fault blocks lead to deposition toward bounding
faults, erosion on uplifted footwall.

 Compression: Early Late Oligocene – early Early

Miocene (late D seq. to early B1 seq.). Most intense
during late D and C sequences.
• Slight effect of NW-SE compression. Compression and
associated erosion is stronger toward the SE.

 Post-rift subsidence: late Early Miocene – Recent

(BI.2 seq. to recent).
• Thermal subsidence and onset of marine incursion.
• Some faults are reactivated due to differential
compaction
• Some uplifted domes at top BI.1. could be due to
intrusion of igneous bodies.

Stratigraphic Column with associated environment and

Tectonic regime (VPI study, 2019)