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Introduction To Computer - Chapter 5

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Introduction To Computer - Chapter 5

Uploaded by

Omar Refay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5

Software

41
Software
 Software is the programs and data that a computer
uses.
 Programs are lists of instructions for the
processor
 Data can be any information that a
program needs:
character data, numerical data, image
data, audio
data, etc.
 Both programs and data are saved in
computer memory in the same way.
42
Typesof Software

 Computer software is divided into three main categories:

1. Systems software

2. Applications software

3. Programming languages
System Software

 System software manages computer resources


and makes computers easier to use

 Operating System is a system software that manage


computer resources and control the running of user
programs

 Utility Programs allow the user to perform


maintenance tasks usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Applications software:
An applications software enables a computer user to
do a particular task.

Programming languages(PL):
Programming languages are one kind of computer
language, and are used in computer programming to
implement algorithms. Most programming languages
consist of instructions for computers.
Virtual Machine

• The set of services and resources created by the


software and seen by the user is called a virtual
machine.
• The programmer should not have to know about
registers, addition circuits, memory addresses etc. but
instead should see a virtual machine that
“understands” the symbols + and =.
Software components

Systems Application Programming


Software Software languages
- -Word -- Assembly
Operatin processors -- Visual Basic
g system. - Game programs -- Pascal
- - Spreadsheets -- C++
Networkin -Data base -- Java
g system systems
-- Python
- Utility programs -Graphics
- Web site server. programs
- Web browsers
47
Operating Systems(OS)
 It is a group of programs that coordinates the
operation of all the hardware and software
components of the computer system.
 Among the jobs done by an OS are:
 Schedule the jobs to be processed by the CPU
Manage the resources such as memory, I/O, data
transfer etc.
Examples:
 Desktop operating systems :
MS-DOS, MS Windows, Unix, Solaris, Linux, and macOS.
 Mobile operating systems:
iOS, Android, HarmonyOS, Windows phone and Symbian
48
Operating SystemsComponents

 Memory Management
 Allocate memory
 Ensures processes stay memory boundaries
 Controlling virtual memory
 I/0 System
 Communicates with peripherals and hardware
components
 Co-ordinates i/o systems such as interrupts and
direct memory access
Operating SystemsComponents

 Files system
 Organises and accesses files
 Maintains on a multi-user system user file quotas
 Controls file/record access

 Application Program Interface


 Provides systems services for applications
 An interface between the applications and the operating
system.
Operating SystemsComponents

 User interface
 Allows the user access to programs
 Allows the user to view and change system
settings.
 A consistent interface between the user and the
operating system.

51
Exercise
(A) Write short answers for the following.

1) What is data?
2) What is an operating system?
3) Which computer software enables a computer user to do a
particular task?
4) What are the jobs of an operating system?
5) What are the functions of file system?
6) Write three(3) examples of Operating Systems.
7) Write three(3) examples of Application software.
8) Write any two(2) jobs done by Operating System(OS).
Exercise
(B) Define the following.
1) Software
2) System Software
3) Programming Language

(C) What does OS stand for?

(D) Do as directed.
1) Draw a table to explain different software components?
2) Draw chart to explain the functioning of operating
system?
Exercise: Choose the best option from the following.

1. Computer software is divided into ................ maincategories.


a) 3 b) 2
c) 1 d) 5
2. ………………………software manages computer resources and makes computers easier
to use.
a) Application b) system
c) Programming d) monitor

3. MS Windows is an example of ……………………………………


a) application software b) Programming language
c) operating system d) Script language
4. OS stands for ……………………………………
a) Open Software b) Operating System
c) Oracle System d) Outsource System
Exercise: Determine whether the given statements are True or False.

• Software is the programs and data that a computer uses. TRUE/ FALSE

• java is an example of Systems software. TRUE/ FALSE

• Web browsers are the example of programming languages. TRUE/ FALSE

• Networking system is the example of Systems software. TRUE/ FALSE

• Programs are lists of instructions for the processor. TRUE/ FALSE

• Linux is not example of operating system. TRUE/ FALSE

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