Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

Honors Chemistry Fall Semester Exam Review

1st Nine Weeks Review Topics
Safety and the Scientific Method – textbook Chapter 1
Read the following experiments and answer the questions.
1. One tank of gold fish is fed once a day, a second tank twice a day, and a third tank four times a day
during a six-week study. The fish’s body fat is recorded. (Hint- try drawing the graph for the X/Y and
the variable on the X is the independent, the variable on the Y axis is the dependent variable.
A. What is the independent variable
____________________________

B. What is the dependent variable?

______________________________
For each statement below, write TRUE or FALSE
2. When smelling a chemical in lab one should use the wafting technique to prevent harmful chemicals
from being inhaled directly.____
3. When water and acid are mixed together heat is given off. The proper procedure for diluting an acid is
to add water into acid._____
4. When weighing out a chemical on the balance it is appropriate to weigh the chemical directly on the
balance pan._____
5. An intensive property depends on the amount of material present. ______
Measurement – textbook Chapter 3
TO KNOW…
 Metric system
o Units = 2 letters (first is prefix / second is base unit of measurement)
o Base Units = g (mass), L (volume), m (length)
o SI Units…. Liter, meter, kilogram, second, mole, Kelvin
 Conversions Using Dimensional Analysis
o Used to convert from one measurement to another using a known equality between the two
o Basic Set-up: # Given x find_
given
o Conversion factors are derived from equalities
 Metric Conversions
o Equalities to know using the meter for base unit (g and L can be substituted for meter below):
1 km = 1000 m 100 cm = 1 m 1000 mm = 1 m 1 cm 3 = 1 mL

o If you are asked to convert from a unit with a prefix to another unit with a prefix, you must
use a 2 step conversion by first converting the given prefix units into the base units THEN
converted those base units into the prefix units you are being asked to find
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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

 Accuracy vs. Precision

o Accuracy: how close the set of measurements are the actual (correct) measurement
o Precision: how close the set of measurements are to each other
 Instruments: More markings = more precise measurements
o Generally, measurements made with an analog instrument must contain 1
estimated digit; the estimated digit is the last digit of a measurement and falls
between the smallest marks of that instrument

 Scientific Notation
o # . # # # x 10power
o Coefficient – one number before decimal only; numbers after decimal are all other significant
digits contained in original number
o Power – how many places decimal is moved
Negative for small numbers (less than 1) Positive for large numbers (greater than 1)
Ex: 0.000309 = 3.09 x 10-4 Ex: 852,000 = 8.52 x 105

 Significant Figures
o All non-zero numbers are significant
o All zeros to the left of the first non-zero are NOT significant
o All “sandwiched” (captive) zeros are significant
o All zeros after the last non-zero are significant if there is a decimal in the number
o All zeros after the last non-zero are NOT significant if there is a NOT a decimal
Beginning is never, the middle is always, the end… yes dot, no dot no

 Calculation with Significant Figures

o When adding and subtracting numbers, the final answer must be rounded to the least number
of Digits After Decimal in the given measurements. (When you ADD you must use DAD)
o When multiplying and dividing numbers, the final answer must be rounded to the least
number of Significant figures which were in the given measurements. (Use the weakest link)

Match the SI (metric) units

1. Length_____ A. Kelvin
2. Time_____ B. Second
3. Mass_____ C. mole
4. Temperature_____ D. Kilogram
5. Amount of substance_____ E. Meter

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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

6. Place these metric prefixes in increasing order. Define increasing- (_______est to _______ est)
Kilo- milli- deca- deci- hecto- centi-

Metric Conversions: Convert the following using dimensional analysis. Show your work!
7. 2000 mg = ______ g 8. 5.6 kL = _______ mL

9. 104 km = ______ m 10. 0.5 kg = _______ cg

12. Define precision.

_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Define accuracy.

_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Record volume of graduated cylinder and circle the estimated digit in your answer.

Write each number in scientific notation.

15. 0.0000786 = _________________ 16. 1,360, 000 = _________________
17. 0.067 = _________________ 18. 3,952 = ________________

Write each number in standard notation

19. 6.17 x 103 20. 7.3 x 106 21. 5.413 x 10-8 22. 3 x 10-8
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

Significant Figures: Write the number of significant figures in each the following measurements.
23) 210 mm ______
24) 801.5 kg ______
25) 1,000 ng ______
26) 101.0100 moles ______
27) 12,000 inches ______
28) 0.00120 ft ______
29) 0.0102 atoms ______
30) 2,370.0 mL ______

Calculations and Significant Figures: Perform the following calculations and report your answer with the
correct sig figs and/or decimal places.
31. 31.000005 = _______________ 34. 57.06 / 0.5 = ________
32 583.00 ÷ 83 = _____________ 35. 787 x 3.0 = _________

36. How many milliliters of milk are in a 2 gallon jug? (1 gallon = 3.785 L)

37. 1 milliliter of ink can print 50 pages of text. If you had 100 gallons of ink then how many pages
could you print? (1 gallon = 3.785 L)

38. A 10.0 km race is how many miles? (1 mile = 1609 meters)

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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table – textbook Chapters 4 and 6

TO KNOW…
 Subatomic particles of an atom
 How to draw a Bohr model of an element
 What isotopes are and how to calculate average atomic mass
 Names, properties, and oxidation numbers of groups on the periodic table

The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element is called a/an ______.
1. What does atomic number represent?
2. _______+________ is equivalent to the mass number of an atom.
3. How many of each of the following does a neutral atom of fluorine have?
protons _____________ neutrons _____________ electrons _____________
4. What charge does each of the following subatomic particles have?
protons _____________ neutrons _____________ electrons _____________

Draw the basic structure of the atom, using all the subatomic particles.

1. Draw the Bohr model for the atom chlorine.

2. Draw the Bohr model for the ion Cl1-.

3. What is an isotope?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. How many of each of the following does 12351Sb have?
protons _____________ neutrons _____________ electrons _____________
5. How many of each of the following does Mg2+ have?
protons _____________ neutrons _____________ electrons _____________
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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

6. Atoms of elements that are in the same group have the same number of –
a. protons b. neutrons c. valence electrons d. protons and neutrons
7. Calculate the average atomic mass of the element X. Then use the periodic table to identify the
element. Show all your work on your answer sheet.
Isotope Mass (amu) Percent Abundance
27
X 27.977 92.23
28
X 28.976 4.67
29
X 29.974 3.10
Work: Answer: ___________

8. A blank periodic table is provided below. Label the groups numbers, period numbers, representative
elements, transition elements, metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, inner transition metals,
nonmetals, halogens, noble gases, and metalloids and trends for electronegativity, atomic radius, and
ionization energy.

9. Which is the least reactive group? ______________________

10. Which is the most reactive group of metals? ______________________
11. Which is the most reactive group of nonmetals? _____________________________
12. List 3 properties of each:
Metals Metalloids Nonmetals
____________________ _____________________ __________________________________
____________________ _____________________ __________________________________
____________________ _____________________ __________________________________
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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

Electron Configuration – textbook Chapter 5

TO KNOW…
 Organization of electrons (principle energy levels, sublevels, and orbitals)
 Principles regarding quantum model theory and electron configurations
 How to write electron configurations, noble gas configuration, orbital diagrams and quantum number
assignments

1. How many electrons can each of the following energy levels hold?
1st _____ 2nd _____ 3rd _____ 4th _____ 5th _____

2. How many electrons can each of the following sublevels hold?

s _____ p _____ d _____ f _____

3. Electrons fill the lowest / highest energy levels first. Circle the lowest energy level in the following groups.
a. 4s or 3d b. 6s or 5d c. 3d or 4p d. 5s or 4d

4. When the designation “3d8” appears in an electron configuration,

the “3” represents the __________________________ , the “d” represents the ____________________ ,
and the “8” represents the ______________.

5. Provide the requested information for the following elements.

a) sodium
electron configuration: _______________________________________________________________
orbital diagram: __________________________________________________
noble gas configuration: __________________________________________________

b) silver
electron configuration: __________________________________________________
orbital diagram: __________________________________________________
noble gas configuration: __________________________________________________

c) krypton
electron configuration: __________________________________________________
orbital diagram: __________________________________________________
noble gas configuration: __________________________________________________
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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

d) manganese
electron configuration: __________________________________________________
orbital diagram: __________________________________________________
noble gas configuration: __________________________________________________

e) phosphide ion (P-3)

electron configuration: __________________________________________________
noble gas configuration: __________________________________________________

f) calcium ion (Ca+2)

electron configuration: __________________________________________________
noble gas configuration: __________________________________________________

6. The atomic number for an element with an electron configuration of 1s 22s 22p 63s 2 is?

7. For two electrons to occupy the same orbital, they must have _____________________.

8. How many orbitals can each of the following sublevels hold?

s _____ p _____ d _____ f _____

9. If 4 electrons are available to fill d orbitals, how will the electrons be distributed in the five orbitals?

10. What element has the identifying square 4p3? ___________

11. What is the Aufbau Principle?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

12. In order to gain a stable valence electron configuration, the following atoms could bond with which group?
a) Ne _____________________________________________
b) Mg ____________________________________________
c) K _____________________________________________
d) P _____________________________________________

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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

Physical Property vs. Chemical Property

A physical property is observed with the senses and can be determined without destroying the object.
A chemical property indicates how a substance reacts with something else. The original substance is
fundamentally changed in observing or testing a chemical property.
Classify these with an X in the box. Physical Property Chemical Property
1 Blue Color X
2 Density
3 Flammability
4 Solubility (ability to dissolve)
5 Reacts with acid to form H2
6 Supports combustion (burns with oxygen)
7 Brittle (breaks into small pieces easily)
8 Melting point
9 Reacts with water for form a gas
10 Ductile (makes wire)
11 Hardness
12 Boiling point
13 Luster (shiny)
14 Ability to tarnish (react with air)
15 Malleable (bendable)

Intensive Property= stays the same even with more

Extensive Property= changes with the amount present

Property Intensive or How did you know?

Extensive
Mass

Volume

Color

Weight Extensive If more is there, weight changes.

Conducts Electricity

Can’t transfer heat

(insulator)

Shiny

smooth

density Intensive ½ cup water = 1 cup water in density

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Length
Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

16) Matter is defined at anything that has _____________ and takes up ______________.
17) List 3 examples of things that are classified as matter, and 3 that are not classified as matter:
Matter Not Matter
1) ________________________ 1) ________________________
2) ________________________ 2) ________________________
3) ________________________ 3) ________________________

18) A gold bar ($$$) has a definite volume and definite shape. It is most likely in the _________ state.
a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. plasma
19) A sample of nitrogen has a volume and shape that changes to match its container. It is most likely in the
_________ state.
a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. plasma
20) A sample of sulfur has a shape & volume that do not change. It is most likely in the _______ state.
a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. plasma
21) A sample of iron has a definite volume, but changes shape. It is most likely in the _______ state.
a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. plasma
Physical Change vs. Chemical Change
In a physical change, the original substance still exists, it has only changed in appearance. In a chemical change, a
new substance is produced when a reaction occurred. Energy changes always accompany chemical change.

Classify these as physical or chemical changes Physical Change Chemical

Change
1 Sodium hydroxide dissolves in water
2 Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide to
make salt and water
3 A pellet of sodium is cut into two pieces
4 Water is boiled and changed to steam
5 Potassium chlorate decomposes into potassium chloride
and oxygen gas in a chemical reaction
6 Iron rusts
7 When placed in water, a sodium pellet catches on fire as
H2 gas is given off and sodium hydroxide is formed
8 Evaporation
9 Ice melting
10 Milk sours

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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

11 Sugar dissolves in water

12 Wood rotting
13 Pancakes cooking on a griddle
14 Grass growing in a lawn (photosynthesis!)
15 Cutting up a piece of paper
16 A tire is inflated with air
17 Food is digested in the stomach

Electromagnetic Spectrum
Understand all the information in your notes including, but not limited to:
- EMS calculations formula c = frequency (Hz) ÷ wavelength (m)
- c = speed of light = 3.0 x 108 m/s
- Frequency, wavelength, and energy relationships
- Order of the spectrum with regards to the properties above

1. In each of the following pairs, circle the form of radiation with the LONGER WAVELENGTH:
a. red light or blue light
b. microwaves or radio waves
c. infrared radiation or red light
d. gamma rays or UV radiation

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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

2. In each of the following pairs, circle the form of radiation with the GREATER FREQUENCY:
a. yellow light or green light
b. x-rays or gamma rays
c. UV radiation or violet light
d. AM radio waves or FM radio waves

3. In each of the following pairs, circle the form of radiation with the LOWER ENERGY:
a. red light or blue light
b. microwaves or radio waves
c. infrared radiation or red light
d. gamma rays or UV radiation
e. yellow light or green light
f. x-rays or gamma rays
g. UV radiation or violet light
h. AM radio waves or FM radio waves

4. Springfield’s “Classic Rock” radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 102.1 x 10 6 MHz. What is the length
of the radio wave in meters?

5. Blue light has a frequency of 6.98 x 1014 Hertz. Calculate the wavelength of blue light in nanometers.

6. A beam of light has a wavelength of 5.06 x 10 -4 meters. What is the energy of the light?

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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

2nd 9 Weeks Review Topics: Bonding and Ionic Compounds – textbook Chapter 7 and 9
TO KNOW…
 The Octet Rule and how ions are formed
 Write formulas and name ionic compounds (including ACIDS)

1. When at atom loses one or more valence electrons, it is called a _______ and has a _______ charge.
2. Describe the formation of an ion (How does Li become Li+).
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. A/ An _____________________ bond is an attraction between oppositely charged ions.
4. Ionic bonds form between __________________________ and _______________________ .

5. What happens to electrons in an ionic bond? __

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. How do you determine the correct subscripts in a chemical formula?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
7. How many electrons do the following elements need to satisfy the octet rule?
Phosphorous ______ Oxygen _____ Bromine _____ Neon ______
8. How many valence electrons does Aluminum have? __________
9. What will Aluminum’s ionic charge become when it bonds with a nonmetal? _________
10. Determine the correct formula for the ionic compound composed of the following pairs of ions:
sodium and nitrate ___________________ cesium and nitrogen ___________________
aluminum and bromine ___________________ iron (II) and sulfate ___________________
hydrogen and carbonate __________________ tin (IV) and chlorine __________________
11. Name the following compounds:
NaBr _________________________ Cu 2(CO3) ____________________________________
CaCl2 ________________________ CuCO3 ________________________________________
Cu(NO3)2 _____________________ AlN ___________________________________________
HBr ____________________________ HNO2 _________________________________________
12. Write the formulas for the following
Iron(III) oxide______________________ Aluminum sulfide_________________
Iron(II) oxide_______________________ Aluminum sulfite__________________
Iron(III) sulfate______________________ Aluminum sulfate__________________
Phosphoric acid ____________________ Hydrochloric acid ___________________
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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

Period Trends and Covalent Bonding

A. Periodic Trends
Periods are horizontal on the periodic table. Draw an arrow representing which way horizontal is.
____________ Groups/families are vertical columns on the periodic table. Draw a line showing which way
vertical is__________.
Know definitions and trends for the following -
Ionization Energy: _________________________________________________________________
Electronegativity: __________________________________________________________________

List the following elements in order of increasing atomic radius:

carbon, aluminum, oxygen, potassium. __________________________________

List the following elements in order of decreasing electronegativity:

sulfur, oxygen, aluminum. _____________________________________
B. Lewis Dot Structures
How many valence electrons do each of the following groups have? Draw their Lewis Dot structures.
1. Halogens______ 3. Alkali Metals_____
2. Alkaline Earth metals _________ 4. Noble Gases (except Helium) _______

C. Ionic/Covalent Naming
1) MgCl2 __________________________ 2) N 2O5__________________________
3) CO3 __________________________ 4) AlCl3 __________________________
5) HBr __________________________ 6) H 3PO4 __________________________
7) Fe2O3 _________________________ 8) P 6O7__________________________
9) CO __________________________ 10) FeO __________________________

D. Ionic/Covalent Formula Writing

1) Diphosphorus trioxide____________________ 2) Barium chlorate __________________
3) Cobalt(III) sulfide ____________________ 4) Pentasulfur tribromide_____________
5) Hydroflouric acid _____________________ 6) Phosphorous acid ________________
7) Dihydrogen dioxide _____________________ 8) Iron(II) oxide _________________
9) Magnesium oxide _____________________ 10) Cesium phosphide ______________

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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

E. Ionic vs Covalent
__________ bonds are between two nonmetals. In this type of bond, electrons are__________. Their particles
are called __________________. __________bonds form between a ________and a nonmetal. In this type of
bond electrons are______________. Their particles are called __________________.
F. IMF’s (Define the following and give examples)
1) London dispersion forces ______________________________________________________________

2) Dipole-Dipole forces _________________________________________________________________

3) Hydrogen bonding ___________________________________________________________________

G. Lewis Structures
Draw the Lewis Structures for the following compounds and complete the requested information for each. Use
the electronegativity values on at the end of this packet for bond polarity.
a. O2 Lewis Structure: b. BF3 Lewis Structure:
Shape ____________ Shape ____________
Molecule: Polar or Nonpolar Molecule: Polar or Nonpolar
Bond Type: Ionic, Polar, or NPC Bond Type: Ionic, Polar, or NPC

c. CHFCl2 d. H2O
Shape ____________ Shape ____________
Molecule: Polar or Nonpolar Molecule: Polar or Nonpolar
Bond Type: Ionic, Polar, or NPC Bond Type: Ionic, Polar, or NPC

e. CH4 f. NH3
Shape ____________ Shape ____________
Molecule: Polar or Nonpolar Molecule: Polar or Nonpolar
Bond Type: Ionic, Polar, or NPC Bond Type: Ionic, Polar, or NPC

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Period: _______ Name: _______________________________________ Seat: _______

Properties
1. Define & give examples of physical property, chemical property, physical change, and chemical change:
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Define and list examples of each of extensive and intensive properties:
intensive property: _______________________________________________________________________
1. ________________________ 2. ___________________ 3. ______________________
extensive property: ______________________________________________________________________
1. ________________________ 2. ___________________ 3. ______________________
Chemical Reactions:
3. Balance the following equations:

a. ___Al + ___CuSO4  ___Al2(SO4)3 + ___Cu

b. ___P + ___O2  ___P2O5

c. ___S8 + ___O2  ___SO3

d. ___HgO  ___Hg + ___O2

e. ___C10H16 + ___O2  ___CO2 + ___H2O

f. ___Ag2O  ___Ag + ___O2

g. ___Pb(NO3)2 + ___NaI  ___PbI2 + ___NaNO3

h. ___Ag2SO4 + ___AlCl3  ___AgCl + ___Al2(SO4)3

i. ___Zn + ___AgNO3  ___Zn(NO3)2 + ___Ag

j. ___C2H4 + ___O2  ___CO2 + ___H2O

4. Write the formulas for these equations and balance.

a. barium chlorate + calcium sulfate  barium sulfate + calcium chlorate

b. potassium hydroxide + zinc sulfide  potassium sulfide + zinc hydroxide

c. iron(II) bromide + lithium phosphate  iron(II) phosphate + lithium bromide

d. hexane (C6H14) burns in the presence of oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide.

e. Magnesium burns in the presence of oxygen to yield magnesium oxide.

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