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Unit 4 Ivp

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Unit 4 Ivp

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kovavox815
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UNIT - 4

Analog video processing


Analog video processing involves the transmission and manipulation of visual information through
electrical signals that vary continuously over time. This technology has been foundational in
broadcasting and video recording before the rise of digital formats. Here’s an overview of the key
components and processes involved in analog video.

Key Components of Analog Video Signals


Analog video signals are primarily composed of three components:

Luminance (Y): Represents the brightness of the image. It is crucial for image contrast and is often
transmitted as a black-and-white signal.
Chrominance (C): Carries color information, typically represented by two components (U and V) that
denote blue and red color differences.
Sync (S): Provides timing information to ensure the image is displayed correctly. It includes horizontal
and vertical sync pulses that indicate the start and end of each line and frame of the video signal.

Types of Analog Video Signals


1.Composite Video
Composite video is the most common format, combining luminance, chrominance, and sync signals
into a single waveform transmitted over a single cable. This method simplifies the connection but can
lead to color inaccuracies due to the merging of signals.
2.Component Video
Component video separates the video signal into individual components (typically RGB) for higher
quality. This format avoids some of the color errors found in composite video by transmitting each
color channel separately.
3.S-Video
S-Video, or separated video, improves upon composite video by splitting the luminance and
chrominance signals into two separate channels, enhancing image quality without the complexity of
component video

Processing and Transmission


The process of analog video involves several steps:
Capture: A camera captures visual information and converts it into an analog electrical signal.
Signal Processing: The analog signal is amplified and modulated onto a carrier signal, making it
suitable for transmission.
Transmission: The modulated signal is sent over coaxial cables or broadcasted through the air.
Repeaters may be used to extend the transmission range.
Reception: The receiving device demodulates the carrier signal and processes the analog signal to
produce a visual image.
Display: The processed signal is displayed on devices like cathode-ray tubes (CRTs), which create
images by firing an electron beam at a phosphorescent screen

Limitations of Analog Video


While analog video was groundbreaking, it has several limitations compared to digital video:
Quality: Analog formats often suffer from artifacts and lower resolution, leading to poorer image
quality.
Interactivity: Analog video systems offer limited interactivity, primarily allowing for channel selection
and basic playback controls.
Archiving and Editing: Manipulating analog video requires digitization, making it cumbersome for
editing and archiving purposes.

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