DESIGN

OF
SLAB
SLAB AT THIRD FLOOR:

@A, B and C

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 200mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 1.9 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters

 M= = = 0.8
S 2
L 2.5

 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.2 = 2.3 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.2 = 1.8 m
 l a 2.3
m= = =1.28>0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1.8
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+ l b) 2(2300+1800)
h= = =45.56 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=1.9(1.0)=1.9 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 1.9 )=7.36 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 7.36) ( 2.3 ) =2.92 kN . m ¿
u a

−M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 7.36) ( 1.8 ) =0.41 kN . m ¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.55 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 1.9 )( 2.3) =0.42 kN .m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0.55+0.42=0.97 kN . m
2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.19 kN . m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 1.9 )( 2.3 ) =0.17 kN .m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.19+0.17=0.36 kN .m
1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.36 )=0.12 kN .m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
 fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1−ρm /2 )=0.00911 ( 415 ) 1−
2 [=3.38 MPa
]
use maximum factored moment = 2.92 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√ 2.92 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=31 mm

d furn=150−20−6=124 mm> 31mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(7.36)(2.3)
V a= = =7.03 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(7.36)(1.8)
V b= = =1.13 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 7.03 kN OK!
G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2) mm ∅
−M a , cont 2.92 0.21 0.00051 0.000679 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 0.97 0.07 0.00017 0.00023 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , cont 0.41 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.36 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , discont 0.12 0.0087 0.000021 0.000028 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −M a , cont= 2.92 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy
=0.00337
( )
 Mu 2.92 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.21 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.21)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00051< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00051)=0.000679 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0679 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=84.20 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.97 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.97 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.07 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.07)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00017< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00017)=0.00023 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 023 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=28.52 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For −M b , cont= 0.41 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.41 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.36 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , discont= 0.12 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0087 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.0087)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000021< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000021)=0.000028 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0028 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=3.47 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

@E and F

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 200mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
  LL = 3.8 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters
S 2
 M= = = 0.8
L 2.5
 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.2 = 2.3 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.2 = 1.8 m
l a 2.3
m= = =1.28>0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1.8
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+ l b) 2(2300+1800)
h= = =45.56 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=3.8(1.0)=3.8 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 3.8 )=10.4 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 10.4 )( 2.3) =4.13 kN .m ¿
u a

−M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 10.4 )( 1.8) =0.57 kN .m ¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.55 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 3.8 )( 2.3) =0.84 kN .m ¿
a, posll
 + M a , mid =0.55+0.84=1.39 kN . m
2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.19 kN . m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 3.8 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.34 kN . m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.19+0.34=0.53 kN . m
1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.53 )=0.18 kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c 0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1−ρm /2 )=0.00911 ( 415 ) 1−
2
=3.38 MPa
[ ]
use maximum factored moment = 4.13 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√
2.92 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=37 mm

d furn=150−20−6=124 mm> 37 mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(10.4)(2.3)
V a= = =9.93 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(10.4)(1.8)
V b= = =7.77 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 9.93 kN OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
−M a , cont 4.13 0.30 0.00073 0.00097 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 1.39 0.10 0.00024 0.00032 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , cont 0.57 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.53 0.03 0.000072 0.000096 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , discont 0.18 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −M a , cont= 4.13 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 4.13 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0. 30 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1−
415[ √
2(0. 30)(23.25)
]
= 0.00073< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000 73)=0.000 97 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0 97 ( 1000 )( 124 )=120.28 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 1.39 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
 Mu 1.39 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0. 1 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0 .1)(23.25)
415 ]
= 0.00024 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000 24)=0.00032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0 32 ( 1000 ) (124 )=39.68 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , cont= 0.57 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 6
0. 57 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 4 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.0 4)(23.25)
415 ]
= 0.000 096< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000 096)=0.000 13 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0 13 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.53 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 6
0. 53 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 3 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000 0 72< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000 0 72)=0.000 0 96 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.0 0 0 096 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=11. 904 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , discont= 0.18 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 1 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.0 1)(23.25)
415 ]
= 0.00002 4< ρmin=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00002 4)=0.0000 32 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 00 32 ( 1000 ) (124 )=3.4 97 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

@G and H

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 200mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 3.8 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters

 M= = = 0.8
S 2
L 2.5

 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.2 = 2.3 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.2 = 1.8 m
l a 2.3
m= = =1.28>0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1.8
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+ l b) 2(2300+1800)
h= = =45.56 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=3.8(1.0)=3.8 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 3.8 )=10.4 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 10.4 )( 2.3) =4.13 kN .m ¿
u a

−M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 10.4 )( 1.8) =0.57 kN .m ¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.55 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 3.8 )( 2.3) =0.84 kN .m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0.55+0.84=1.39 kN . m
2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.19 kN . m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 3.8 ) ( 2.3 ) =0.34 kN . m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.19+0.34=0.53 kN . m
1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.53 )=0.18 kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1−ρm /2 )=0.00911 ( 415 ) 1−
2
=3.38 MPa [ ]
use maximum factored moment = 4.13 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√
2.92 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=37 mm

d furn=150−20−6=124 mm> 37 mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(10.4)(2.3)
V a= = =9.93 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(10.4)(1.8)
V b= = =7.77 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:
 ( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 9.93 kN OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
−M a , cont 4.13 0.30 0.00073 0.00097 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 1.39 0.10 0.00024 0.00032 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , cont 0.57 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.53 0.03 0.000072 0.000096 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , discont 0.18 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −M a , cont= 4.13 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 4.13 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.30 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1−
415[ √
2(0.30)(23.25)
]
=0.00073< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00073)=0.00097 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 097 ( 1000 )( 124 )=120.28 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 1.39 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
 Mu 1.39 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.1 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.1)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00024< ρmin=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00024)=0.00032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =39.68 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , cont= 0.57 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.57 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.04 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.04)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.53 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.53 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000072)=0.000096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.000 096 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=11.904 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , discont= 0.18 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.01 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.01)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000024< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000024)=0.000032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =3.497 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

SLAB AT SECOND FLOOR:

@A, B and C

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 250mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 1.9 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters

 M= = = 0.8
S 2
L 2.5

 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.25 = 2.25 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.25 = 1.75 m
 l a 2. 25
m= = =1.28> 0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1. 75
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+ l b) 2(2 25 0+175 0)
h= = =4 4.44 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=1.9(1.0)=1.9 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 1.9 )=7.36 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 7.36) ( 2. 25 ) =2.79kN . m¿
u a

−M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 7.36) ( 1. 75 ) =0.38 kN . m ¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.25 ) =0.5 3 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 1.9 )( 2.25 ) =0.40 kN .m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0.5 3+0.4 0=0.9 3 kN . m

2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.25 ) =0.1 8 kN . m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 1.9 )( 2.25 ) =0.1 6 kN .m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.1 8+0.1 6=0.3 4 kN .m

1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.3 4 )=0.1 1 kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
 fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1−ρm /2 )=0.00911 ( 415 ) 1−
2 [=3.38 MPa
]
use maximum factored moment = 2. 79 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√ 2. 79 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=3 0 mm

d furn=150−20−6=124 mm> 3 0 mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(7.36)(2. 25)
V a= = =6.87 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(7.36)(1. 75)
V b= = =1. 09 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 7.03 kN OK!
G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm2) mm ∅
−M a , cont 2.79 0.20 0.00048 0.00064 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 0.93 0.07 0.00017 0.00023 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , cont 0.38 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.34 0.02 0.000048 0.000064 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , discont 0.11 0.0079 0.000019 0.000025 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −M a , cont= 2.79 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy
=0.00337
( )
 Mu 6
2. 79 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.2 0 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.2 0)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000 48< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000 48)=0.0006 4 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 06 4 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =79.36 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.93 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 6
0.9 3 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.07 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.07)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00017< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00017)=0.00023 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 023 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=28.52 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For −M b , cont= 0.38 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 6
0. 38 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M b , mid= 0.34 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 2 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.0 2)(23.25)
415 ]
= 0.000 048< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000 048)=0.000 064 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0 064 (1000 )( 124 )=7.94 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , discont= 0.11 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 6
0. 11 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.00 79 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.00 79)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.0000 19< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.0000 19)=0.00002 5 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 002 5 ( 1000 ) (124 )=3. 1 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

@E, F, G and H

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 250mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 3.8 kPa
  Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters
S 2
 M= = = 0.8
L 2.5
 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.25 = 2.25 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.25 = 1.75 m
l a 2.25
m= = =1.28>0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1.75
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+ l b) 2(2250+1750)
h= = =44.44 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=3.8(1.0)=3.8 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 3.8 )=10.4 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 10.4 )( 2.25) =3.95 kN . m ¿
u a

−M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 10.4 )( 1.75) =0.54 kN .m ¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.25 ) =0.5 3 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 3.8 )( 2.25) =0.81 kN . m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0.53+0. 81=1.34 kN . m

 2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.25 ) =0.18 kN .m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 3.8 ) ( 2.25) =0.33 kN .m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.18+0. 33=0.51 kN . m

1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.51 ) =0.17 kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1−ρm /2 )=0.00911 ( 415 ) 1−
2
=3.38 MPa
[ ]
use maximum factored moment = 3.95 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√
3.95 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=3 6 mm

d furn=150−20−6=124 mm> 3 6 mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(10.4)(2.25)
V a= = =9.71 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(10.4)(1.75)
V b= = =1. 55 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅
'

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 9.71 kN OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
−M a , cont 3.95 0.28 0.00068 0.00091 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 1.34 0.10 0.00024 0.00032 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , cont 0.54 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.51 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , discont 0.17 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −M a , cont= 3.95 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 3.95 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.2 8 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1−
415[ √
2(0.2 8)(23.25)
]
=0.000 68< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000 68)=0.000 91 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0 91 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =112.84 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 1.34 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
 Mu 1.34 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0. 10 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.1)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00024< ρmin=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00024)=0.00032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =39.68 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , cont= 0.54 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.54 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 4 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.0 4)(23.25)
415 ]
= 0.000 096< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000 096)=0.000 13 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0 13 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For + M b , mid= 0.51 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0. 51 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 4 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.04)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , discont= 0.17 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.11 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 1 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Ru m
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2( 0.01)(23.25)
415 ]
= 0.000024< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000024)=0.000032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =3.497 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

SLAB AT FIRST FLOOR:

@A

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 275mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 1.9 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters

 M= = = 0.8
S 2
L 2.5

 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.275 = 2.225 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.275 = 1.725 m
l a 2. 225
m= = =1.2 9> 0.50Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1. 725
B. Compute trial slab thickness
 2(l a+ l b) 2(2225+1 725)
h= = =4 3 . 89 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=1.9(1.0)=1.9 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 1.9 )=7.36 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 7.36) ( 2. 225 ) =2.73 kN .m ¿
u a

−M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 7.36) ( 1. 725 ) =0. 37kN . m¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.225 ) =0.5 2 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 1.9 )( 2.225 ) =0.40 kN . m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0.5 2+0.4 0=0.9 2 kN . m

2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.225 ) =0.19 kN . m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 1.9 )( 2.225 ) =0.1 6 kN . m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.19+0.1 6=0.3 5 kN . m

1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.3 5 )=0.12 kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1−ρm /2 )=0.00911 ( 415 ) 1−
2
=3.38 MPa [ ]
use maximum factored moment = 2. 73 kN . m
 √ √
6
Mu 2. 73 x 1 0
d req = = =3 0 mm
∅ Ru b 0.90(3.38)(1000)
d furn=150−20−6=124 mm> 3 0 mm OK!
F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(7.36)(2. 225)
V a= = =6.80 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(7.36)(1. 725)
V b= = =0.53 kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 6.80 kN OK!
G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
−M a , cont 2.73 0.20 0.00048 0.00064 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 0.92 0.07 0.00017 0.00023 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , cont 0.37 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.35 0.03 0.00072 0.00096 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , discont 0.12 0.0087 0.000021 0.000028 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −M a , cont= 2.73 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy
=0.00337
( )
Mu 2. 73 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.2 0 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25
1− 1− ] 415 [ √
2(0.20)(23.25)
=0.00048< ρ min=0.00337 ]
 4 4
ρ= (0.00048)=0.00064 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 064 (1000 )( 124 )=79.36 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.92 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 6
0.9 2 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.07 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.07)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00017< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00017)=0.00023 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 023 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=28.52 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , cont= 0.37 kN.m
 0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21
ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 6
0. 37 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 0.36 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
 π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , discont= 0.12 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.36 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0087 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.0087)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000021< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000021)=0.000028 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0028 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=3.47 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

@BC

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 275mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6
kN/m
 LL = 4.8 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters

 M=
S
=
2
= 0.8
L 2.5

Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 1.0 – 0.275 = 0.725 m
lb = 2.5 – 0.275 = 2.225 m
l a 2. 225
m= = =0.33>0.50Therefore, one-way slab
lb 1.8
B. Compute for minimum slab thickness
L 725
h= = =30 mm , say 50 mm
24 24
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)( 1)=3.6 kN /m
w l=4.8(1.0)=4.8 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 4.8 ) =12 kN /m
D. Check ACI limitations
L L 4.8
a. = =1.33< 3.0OK !
DL 3.6
L−S 0
b. = =0< 0.20OK !
S 0.725
E. Compute moments using ACI coefficients
 1 2 1
−M 1= w L = (12)¿
24 24
1 2 1
M 2= w L = (12)¿
14 14
1 2 1
−M 3= w L = (12)¿
10 10
1 2 1
+ M 4= w L = (12)¿
16 16
1 2 1
−M 5= w L = (12)¿
11 11

F. Check effective depth to control deflection

'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)

Ru= ρ f y ( 1−ρm /2 )=0.00911 ( 415 ) 1−

2 [
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
]
=3.38 MPa
use maximum factored moment = 0.63 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√0.63 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=15 mm

d furn=150−20−6=124 mm> 15 mm OK!

G. Check effective depth for shear
1 .15 1 .15
R= w L= (12 )( 0.725 )=5 kN
2 2
Shear at “d” distance from face of support:
V u= (5 )−12 ( 0.124 ) =3.51 kN
Shear Capacity:

( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅
'

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 3.51 kN OK!
H. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
1 0.26 260.24 434.6, say 425
2 0.45 260.24 434.6, say 425
3 0.63 260.24 434.6, say 425
4 0.39 260.24 434.6, say 425
5 0.57 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For M u= 0.26 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.26 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0. 02 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1−
415 [ √
2(0.02)(23.25)
]
=0.000048< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000048)=0.000064 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0064 (1000 )( 124 )=7.94 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For M u= 0.45 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
 Mu 6
0. 45 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 3 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For M u= 0.63 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 6
0. 63 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 5 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.0 5)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000 12< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000 12)=0.000 16 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0 1 6 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=19.84 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For M u= 0.39 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 6
0.3 9 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.03 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.03)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00072< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00072)=0.00096 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 096 ( 1000 )( 124 )=119.04 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For M u= 0.57 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 6
0. 57 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.0 4 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.0087)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000021< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000021)=0.000028 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0028 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=3.47 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.04)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

@E, F, G and H

 f'c = 21 MPa
 fy = 415 MPa
 Beam Width = 275mm
 DL = 24 kN/m3 (0.15) = 3.6 kN/m
 LL = 3.8 kPa
 Long span 2.5 meters
 Short span 2 meters

 M= = = 0.8
S 2
L 2.5

 Slab Thickness = 150mm

A. Verify if slab is one-way or two-way

la = 2.5 – 0.275 = 2.225 m
lb = 2.0 – 0.275 = 1.725 m
l a 2.22 5
m= = =1.2 9>0.50 Therefore, two-way slab
l b 1.7 2 5
B. Compute trial slab thickness
2(l a+ l b) 2(22 25+17 25)
h= = =4 3.89 mm , say 50 mm
180 180
C. Compute factored loads
3
w d =24 kN /m (0.15)=3.6 kN /m
w l=3.8(1.0)=3.8 kN /m
w u=1.2 ( w d ) +1.6 ( wl ) =1.2 ( 3.6 )+ 1.6 ( 3.8 )=10.4 kN /m
D. Compute design moments
Considering Case 9. M=0.8 (see Table 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in module 8)

Coefficients for: Ca Cb

Negative Moments in Slab 0.075 0.017

Dead Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.029 0.010

Live Load Positive Moments in Slab 0.042 0.017

−M a , cont =C a ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.075 ( 10.4 )( 2.2 25 ) =3. 86 kN . m ¿
u a

−M b , cont =C b ,¬¿w l 2 2
=0.017 ( 10.4 )( 1.7 25 ) =0.5 3 kN . m ¿
u b

2 2
+ M a , dl =C a , posdl w d l a =0.029 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.22 5 ) =0.52 kN . m
+ M a ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.042 ( 3.8 )( 2.2 25 ) =0.79 kN . m ¿
a, posll

+ M a , mid =0.5 2+0. 79=1.3 1 kN . m

2 2
+ M b , dl =C b , posdl w d l a =0.010 ( 3.6 ) ( 2.22 5 ) =0.18 kN . m
+ M b ,≪¿=C 2 2
w l l a =0.017 ( 3.8 ) ( 2.2 2 5) =0.3 2 kN . m ¿
b, posll

+ M b , mid =0.18+0.3 2=0.5 0 kN . m

1 1
+ M b , discont= ( + M b ,mid )= ( 0.5 0 )=0.17 kN . m
3 3
E. Check effective depth for flexure
'
fc 21
To control deflection, ρ ≤ 0.18 =0.18 =0.00911
fy 415
fy 415
m= '
= =23.25
0.85 f c
0.85(21)
0.00911 ( 23.25 )
Ru= ρ f y ( 1−ρm /2 )=0.00911 ( 415 ) 1−
2
=3.38 MPa [ ]
use maximum factored moment = 3. 86 kN . m

d req =
√ Mu
∅ Ru b
=
√
3. 86 x 1 06
0.90(3.38)(1000)
=36 mm

d furn=150−20−6=124 mm> 36 mm OK!

F. Check effective depth for shear
Ca = 0.83, Cb = 0.17
C a wu l a 0.83(10.4)(2.2 25)
V a= = =9. 60 kN
2 2
C b wu l b 0.17(10.4)(1.7 2 5)
V b= = =1.5 2kN
2 2
Shear Capacity:
 ( 16 ) √ f c bd
∅ V c =∅ '

∅ V =0.85 ( )√ 21 ( 1000 )( 124 ) 10

1 −3
c
6
∅ V c =80.50 kN >¿ 9. 60 kN OK!
 G. Compute steel reinforcements.

Mu Ru As Spacing of 16
SECTION Req’d ρ Use ρ
(kN.m) (MPa) (mm ) 2
mm ∅
−M a , cont 3.86 0.28 0.00068 0.00091 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M a , mid 1.31 0.09 0.00022 0.00029 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , cont 0.53 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
+ M b , mid 0.50 0.04 0.000096 0.00013 260.24 434.6, say 425
−M b , discont 0.17 0.01 0.000024 0.000032 260.24 434.6, say 425

Computations: For −M a , cont= 3.86 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 3. 86 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.28 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1−
415[ √
2(0.28)(23.25)
]
=0.00068< ρ min=0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.00068)=0.00091 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 091 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =112.84 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For + M a , mid= 1.31 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
 Mu 6
1.3 1 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0. 09 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0. 09)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.00022< ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.0002 2)=0.000 29 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0 29 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =3 6.37 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , cont= 0.53 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 6
0.5 3 x 10
R u= 2
= 2
=0.04 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.04)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24
 max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!
Computations: For + M b , mid= 0.50 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.5 0 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.04 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Rum
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.04)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000096 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000096)=0.00013 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 013 ( 1000 ) ( 124 )=16.12 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:

0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )

A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!

Computations: For −M b , discont= 0.17 kN.m

0.25 √ f 'c 0.25 √21

ρmin =
fy
=
415
=0.00276 ≤
1.4
fy (
=0.00337
)
Mu 0.11 x 10
6
R u= 2
= 2
=0.01 MPa
φb d 0.9(1000)(124)

ρρ=
1
m [ √
1− 1−
2 Ru m
fy
=
1
23.25 ]
1− 1− [ √
2(0.01)(23.25)
415 ]
=0.000024 < ρmin =0.00337

4 4
ρ= (0.000024)=0.000032 (controls)
3 3
2
A s=ρbd=0.00 0032 ( 1000 ) ( 124 ) =3.497 mm
Check requirement to control temperature and shrinkage:
 0.0018 ( 400 ) 0.0018 ( 400 )
A st = ( bt ) = ( 1000 )( 150 ) =260.24 m m2 (controls)
fy 415
π
using 12 mm  bars: Ab =¿mm2
4
1000 Ab 1000(113.1)
required spacing: s= = =434.6 mm, say 425mm
As 260.24

max spacing: s = 3t = 3(150) = 450 > 425 mm OK!