MODULE 1: CITIZENSHIP TRAINING “Flag” shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise;

 Historical and Legal Bases of NSTP “Fly” shall mean the part of the flag outside the hoist or length;
 Philippine Constitution (Preamble, Bill of Rights, and Duties and “Symbol” shall mean any conventional sign which reveals man’s
Responsibilities of Filipino Citizens)
achievement and heroism (for orders and decorations), identification,
 United Nations Principles of Human Rights
authority and a sign of dignity (for coat-of-arms, logo and insignia);
 Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines (RA 8491, s. 1998)
 Good Citizenship Values “Half-Mast” shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance
 Voter Citizenship Education between the top and bottom of the staff;

“Hoist” shall mean the part of the flag nearest the staff or the canvass to
RA 8491: FLAG AND HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES which the halyard is attached;

THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM AND R.A. 8491, s. 1998 “Inclement Weather” shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the
Himig Collection, On Philippine History and Culture locality;
Republic Act No. 8491 otherwise known as the Flag and Heraldic “National Anthem” shall mean the Philippine National Anthem’
Code of the Philippines states that reverence and respect shall at all
times be accorded the flag, the anthem, and other national symbols “Official Residences” shall mean Malacañang, and other government-
which embody the national ideals and which express the principles of owned structures where the President resides, and other structures
sovereignty and national solidarity. occupied by the Philippine Consulate or Embassies abroad;

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy - Reverence and respect shall at all “Places of Frivolty” shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing
times be accorded the flag, the anthem and other national symbols boisterous merriment or recreation; and
which embody the national ideals and traditions and which express the
“Institute” shall mean the National Historical Institute.
principles of sovereignty and national solidarity. The heraldic items and
devices shall seek to manifest the national virtues and to inculcate in the
minds and hearts of our people a just pride in their native land, fitting
respect and affection for the national flag and anthem, and the proper RULE 3
use of the national motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and CHAPTER I
devices. THE NATIONAL FLAG

Definition of Terms

Whenever used in this Act, the term:

“Military” shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of the

Philippines including the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Jail A. Design of the National Flag
Management and Penology, and the Bureau of Fire Protection;
Section 8. The National Flag shall be blue, white and
“Festoon” shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a
red with an eight rayed golden yellow sun and three stars
decoration;
that are five-pointed, as consecrated and honored by the colleges, Armed Forces of the Philippines including its
people. basic component units; and
5 "Vexillary Items" shall mean national, local, house
B. Hoisting and Display of the National Flag flags, or administrative, institution, organization's banners.
Section 9. The National Flag shall be displayed in all corporate, unit and other
public buildings, official residences, public plazas,
and institutions of learning everyday throughout the
year.
Section 11. The National Flag shall also be displayed
Section 10. The National Flag shall be permanently in prioate buildings and residences or raised in the
hoisted, day and night, throughout the year, in front of the open flag - stafts in front of said buildings every April 9
following: at Malacanang Palace; Congress of the (Araw ng Kagitingan);
Philippines building; Supreme Court building: Rizal May 1 (Labor Day); (National Flag Days) from May 28 to
Monument in Luneta, Manila; Bonifacio Mourt ent in June 12 (Independence Day); last Sunday of August
Kalbokan City; Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite; (National Heroes Day); November 30 (Bonifacio Day); and
Barasoain Church Historical structures where the December 30 (Rizal Day); and on such other days as may
President resides, and other structures occupied by the be declared or approved by the President and/or local
Philippine Consulate chief executives.
or Embassies abroad; The National Flag may also be raised and displayed at
sunrise and lowered at sunset and throughout the year in
1 "Places of Frivolity" shall mean places of hilarity the open flagstaff in front of private buildings: Provided,
marked by or providing boisterous merriment or recreation; that proper flag ceremonies be observed in accordance
2 "Advertisement or Infomercial' shall mean with these Rules.
advertisement or any information material in print, radio,
television, cinema, video and the like, outdoor and Section 12. All Government Entities should observe
electronic media, seeking to promote individuals, entities, flag days with appropriate ceremonies. Socio-civic
products or services for commercial, political purposes or groups, non-government organizations and the private
information campaigns; sector are enjoined to observe and cooperate in making
the celebration a success.
3 "Heraldic Items and Devices" shall mean coat-of-
arms, seals, logos, insignia, badges, flashes, patches,
Section 13. The National Flag shall be flown on all naval
orders and decorations, medals, stars, citations, lapel pins,
vessels and on merchant ships of Philippine registry, of
trophies, dry, wax or wet seals, and imprints on
more than one thousand (1,000) gross tons. Military, civil
letterheads, envelopes and cards;
or state vessels should fly the National Flag. Pleasure,
4 "Government Entities" shall mean all branches of
merchant, fishing boats or yachts are also encouraged to
the government, its bureaus and attached agencies,
fly the National Flag.
constitutional offices, local government offices,
On board vessels of Philippine registry, the National Flag
government-owned and or controlled corporations,
shall be displayed on the flagstaff at the stern when the
government financial institutions, state universities and
vessel is at anchor. The National Flag shall be hoisted to displayed in a semi-circle of flags with other countries or
the gaff at the aftermast when the vessel is at sea. house flags, the National Flag should be at the center.
When displayed in a circle of flags with other countries or
Section 14. On all aircraft of Philippine registry, the house flags, the National Flag should be flown on the
National Flag shall be prominently displayed horizontally flagpole facing the main road (point of reference-KM O
on its fuselage at the head portion with the hoist side Rizal Park, Manila); or in front of a monument; or the main
pointing the forward direction. entrance of the building. The flags of other countries or
house flags should be arranged counter clockwise in
During special occasions, if there is only one flagpole, the alphabetical order, by precedence or by protocol.
house flag may be flown at the same halyard with the When in a parade with house flags, the National Flag shall
National Flag but below the latter and it cannot be bigger be in front of the center of the first line. The house flags
than the National Flag. should be arranged in alphabetical order, by precedence
or by protocol order from left to right (the observer's point
Section 15. 'The National Flag, if flown from a flagpole, of view).
shall have its blue field on top in time of peace and the red
field on top in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue Section 18. A worn-out National Flag should not be
field shall be to the left (observer's point of view) in time of thrown away. It should be solemnly burned to avoid
peace, and the red field to the left (observer's point of misuse or desecration.
view) in time of war. The National Flag shall be replaced immediately when it
The National Flag could be knotted to signal that begins to show signs of wear and tear.
assistance is badly needed.
Section 19. The National Flag shall be raised at
Section 16. If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall sunrise and lowered at sunset. It shall be on the mast at
be at a prominent place and shall be of such height as the start of official school and office hours and shall remain
would give the National Flag commanding position in flying throughout the day. The National Flag shall not be
relation to the buildings in the vicinity. The flagpole must raised when the weather is inclement. If already raised, the
not be of equal height or higher than the Independence National Flag shall not be lowered for the whole day.
Flagpole at the Rizal Park, Manila.
The flagpole that is planted on the ground must be straight Section 20. The National Flag may be displayed:
and slightly tapering at the top. The minimum length of the
National Flag is one fourth (¼ the height of the flagpole, 1. nside and/or outside a building, on stationary or
while maximum length of the National Flag is one-third movable flagpole. If the National Flag is displayed indoors
(1/3) the height of the flagpole. on a flagpole, it shall be placed at the left of the observer
as one enters the room;
Section 17. When the National Flag is flown with flag 2.From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a
or flags of other countries, the flags must be of equal prominent place or a commanding position in
size and on separate staffs of the same height. The relation to the surrounding buildings;
National Flag shall be hoisted first and lowered last. When
 3.From a staff projecting upward from the window sill, Education, Culture and Sports and/or the Commission
roof, canopy, balcony or facade of a building, on Higher Education.
4.In a suspended position from a rope extending from a
building to a pole erected away from the building; Section 23. The observance of the flag ceremony
5.Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and stars shall be simple and dignified.
on top;
6.Hanging vertically in the middle of the two-way traffic Section 24. During the flag raising ceremony, the
road, the blue field should be pointing east, if the assembly shall stand in formation facing the National
road is heading south or north and if the road is Flag. At the moment the first note of the National
heading east or west the blue field should be Anthem is heard, everyone in the premises shall
pointing north, and come to attention; moving vehicles shall stop. All
7. Hanging vertically at the sides or middle of the one- persons present shall place their palms over their
way traffic road, the blue field should be at the left of chest, those with hats shall uncover, while those in
the observer. military, scouting, security guard, and citizens military
Section 21. The National Flag shall be hoisted to the training uniforms shall give the salute prescribed by
toy briskly and lowered ceremoniously. The National
their regulations, which salute shall be completed
Flag must be properly folded before hanging for the start of
upon the last note of the anthem. The same
the ceremony. I shall not be left hanging at the base of the
flagpole while waiting for the flag ceremony. procedure shall be observed when the National Flag
is passing in review or in parade.
The National Flag shall never touch anything beneath it, Section 25. During the flag lowering, the National Flag
such as the base of the pole, ground or other object. After shall be lowered solemnly and slowly so that the flag shall
being lowered, the National Flag shall be handled and be down the mast at the sound of the last note of the
folded solemnly as part of the ceremony. National Anthem. Those in the assembly shall observe the
same deportment or shall observe the same behavior as
C. Conduct of Flag Raising and Lowering for the flag raising ceremony.
Ceremonies The same procedure shall be observed when the National
Flag is passing in review or in parade.
Section 22. All government offices, including
national or local government units and institutions,
shall henceforth observe the flag raising ceremony
Half-Mast
every Monday morning and the flag lowering ceremony
every Friday afternoon. These include private SECTION 26. The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of
establishments who fly the National Flag on the mourning on all buildings and places where it is displayed, as provided
flagpole in their compound. Primary and secondary for in this Act, on the day of official announcement of the death of any of
schools and other institutions of learning shall observe the following officials:
the flag ceremony as ordered by the Department of
a. The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;
b. The Vice-President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, and Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right hand palm
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, for seven (7) days; and open raised shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs
prohibit them from making such pledge must nonetheless show full
c. Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for any period less
respect when the pledge is being rendered by standing at attention.
than seven (7) days.
National Anthem
The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where
the decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of Lupang Hinirang, the national anthem of the Philippines is played or sung
interment of an incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, during flag ceremonies in schools and offices, “signing off” and “signing
the Senate or the House of Representatives, and such other persons as on” of broadcast stations, before the initial and last screening of films,
may be determined by the Institute. and other official or important occasions. Though it is expected that the
national anthem be sung with utmost fervor, every Filipino must do so
The flag when flown at half-mast shall be first hoisted to the peak for a
with utmost respect as well.
moment then lowered to the half-mast position. The flag shall again be
raised briskly to the peak before it is lowered for the day. The singing and playing of the Philippine national anthem is governed by
the law, specifically R.A. 8491 or the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the
E. Casket
Philippines.” As stipulated in Section 37, “The rendition of the National
SECTION 27. The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored Anthem, whether played or sung, shall be in accordance with the musical
dead of the military, veterans of previous wars, national artists, and of arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe.”
civilians who have rendered distinguished service to the nation, as
Moreover, according to Section 38, the attending public shall sing the
maybe determined by the local government unit concerned. In such
anthem whenever it is played at a public gathering. While doing so, the
cases, the flag shall be placed such that the white triangle shall be at the
public shall stand at attention facing the Philippine flag as a sign of
head and the blue portion shall cover the right side of the caskets. The
respect. The other provisions on the national anthem are detailed in
flag shall not be lowered to the grave or allowed to touch the ground,
Chapter II, Sections 35 to 39 of R.A. 8491.
but shall be folded solemnly and handed over to the heirs of the
deceased.p SECTION 35. The National Anthem is entitled Lupang Hinirang.

F. Pledge to the Flag SECTION 36. The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national
language v/within or without the country. The following shall be the
SECTION 28. The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the
lyrics of the National Anthem.
Philippine Flag:
SECTION 37. The rendition of the National Anthem, whether played or
Ako ay Filipino
sung, shall be in accordance with the musical arrangement and
Buong katapatang nanunumpa
composition of Julian Felipe.
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag SECTION 38. When the National Anthem is played at a public gathering,
Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan whether by a band or by singing or both, or reproduced by any means,
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang the attending public shall sing the anthem. The singing must be done
Maka-Diyos Maka-tao with fervor. As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and
Makakalikasan at Makabansa face the Philippine flag, if there is one displayed, and if there is none,
they shall face the band or the conductor. At the first note, all persons
 shall execute a salute by placing their The development of the Philippine national anthem into what it
right palms over their left chests. Those in is today took several years. It began in 1898 with Julian Felipe’s
The Philippine National Anthem
military, scouting, citizen’s military composition titled Marcha Nacional Filipina (also known as Himno
Bayang Magiliw, training and security guard uniforms shall Nacional Filipino). In 1899, Jose Palma’s poem Filipinas was used as lyrics
perlas ng Silanganan give the salute prescribed by their which were later translated into English in the 1920s. It was translated
Alab ng puso
Sa dibdib mo’y buhay regulations. The salute shall be into Filipino in 1956 and the version which is now sung publicly is a
Lupang hinirang completed upon the last note of the product of revisions made in 1962.
Duyan ka ng magiting anthem. The anthem shall not be played
Sa manlulupig On June 5, 1898, Aguinaldo issued a decree setting aside June 12
Di ka pasisiil.
and sung for mere recreation,
as the day for the proclamation of Philippine independence. At the same
Sa dagat at bundok amusement or entertainment purposes
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw time, he commissioned Julian Felipe, a composer from Cavite, to prepare
except on the following occasions:
May dilag ang tula a composition which would be played during the independence
At awit sa paglayang minamahal a. International competitions where the ceremonies.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y
Tagumpay na nagniningning Philippines is the host or has a
On June 11, Felipe showed Aguinaldo the draft of his musical
Ang bituin at araw niya representative;
Kailan pa ma’y di magdidilim composition, which was entitled Marcha Filipina Magdalo. Aguinaldo
Lupa ng araw b. Local competitions; and the other revolutionary leaders, upon hearing the composition
ng luwalhati’t pagsinta played on the piano, adopted it as the official march of the Philippines.
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo. c. During “signing off” and “signing on” of
Aming ligaya Aguinaldo then requested Felipe to teach the music to the members of
radio broadcasting and television
Na pag may mang-aapi the band of San Francisco de Malabon so it could be played the next day.
Ang mamatay nang dahil sa iyo.’ stations;
Felipe changed the title of the march to Marcha Nacional Filipina
d. Before the initial and last screening of (Philippine NationalMarch). (History of the Filipino People. Teodoro A.
films or before the opening of theater Agoncillo)
performances; and
The following day(June 12, 1898), the music band of San
e. Other occasions as may be allowed by the Institute. Francisco de Malabon played it for the first time during the unfurling of
the Filipino flag at Kawit. The beautiful melody of the anthem stirred the
SECTION 39. All officials and employees of the national and local people's patriotic fervor.
governments, and any agencies or instrumentalities thereof, including
government-owned or controlled corporations, privately-owned entities For more than a year, the anthem remained without words.
of offices displaying the national flag and government institutions of Towards the end of August 1899, a young poet-soldier named Jose Palma
learning are hereby directed to comply strictly with the rules prescribed (younger brother of Dr. Rafael Palma) wrote the poem
for the rendition of the anthem. Failure to observe the rules shall be a entitled Filipinas. This poem expressed in elegant Spanish verses the
ground for administrative discipline. ardent patriotism and fighting spirit of the Filipino people. It became the
words of the anthem. At last the national anthem was complete -- with
music and words. (The Philippines: A Unique Nation. Dr. Sonia M. Zaide)

José Palma y Velásquez

(3 June 1876 – 12 February 1903) died aged 26, was a Filipino poet and In accordance to Executive Order No. 179, of 1994, we are encourage to
soldier. He was on the staff of La Independencia at the time he display, in our homes and all practicable places, prominently the symbol
wrote Filipinas, a patriotic poem in Spanish. It was published for the first of our nation from May 28 until June 12 every year. However, not
time in the issue of the first anniversary of La Independencia on 3 everyone is aware of the Do's and Don'ts of displaying the Philippine
September 1899. The poem fit the instrumental tune Marcha Nacional Flag, so it is prone to desecration. As public service, we've come up with
Filipina by Julián Felipe, and it has since been the basis for every an article describing the guidelines of taking care of our Flag.
translation of the Philippine National Anthem.
The contents of this article are sourced from the National Historical
Commission Website.
SECTION 40. The national Motto shall be “MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO,
MAKAKALIKASAN AT MAKABANSA.” Reverence for the Philippine Flag

SECTION 41. The National Coat-of-Arms shall have: Paleways of two (2) The national flag alone should be displayed in all public offices,
pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three (3) mullets buildings, official residences, public squares and institutions of learning
equidistant from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over all every day of the year.
the sun rayonnant with eight minor lesser rays. Beneath shall be the
scroll with the words “REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS,” inscribed thereon. The flag should be displayed in the open only from sunrise to sunset,
except on places designated by law and therefore should be properly
SECTION 42. The Great Seal shall be circular in form, with the arms as illuminated.
described in the preceding section, but without the scroll and the
inscription thereon. Surrounding the whole shall be a double marginal When flown from a flagpole, the flag should have its blue stripe on
circle within which shall appear the words “Republika ng Pilipinas.” For top in time of peace and red on top in time of war.
the purpose of placing The Great Seal, the color of the arms shall not be
deemed essential but tincture representation must be used. The flag should not be displayed on horizontal position or hung
fastened by its fly. The fly portion of the flag should be free to move.
SECTION 43. The Great Seal shall be affixed to or placed upon all
commissions signed by the President and upon such other official When displayed vertically, the triangle should be on top. The blue
documents and papers of the Republic of the Philippines as may be field should be to the right (left of the observer) in time of peace, and the
provided by law, or as may be required bv custom and usage. The red field to the right (left of the observer) in rime of war.
President shall have custody of the Great Seal.
When displayed over the middle of a street, as between buildings or
Do's and Don'ts of the Philippine Flag post, the flag should be suspended vertically with the blue stripe pointing
http://www.thepinoywarrior.com/ to north or east.

RULES AND REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8491, S. When a number of flags are grouped and displayed from stationary
1998—”THE CODE OF THE NATIONAL FLAG, ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT-OF-
staffs, the Philippine flag should be in the center at the highest point or
ARMS AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES OF THE PHILIPPINES “
at the right of the other flag.
 The Philippine National Flag must not be smaller than the others. When used to cover a casket, the triangle should be over the head
and the blue stripe over the right side of the body. The flag should not
When flown with flags or pennants of organizations on the same touch the ground.
halyard (for special occasion only), the Philippine flag should be at the
peak. The flag should not be used as curtain or drape. Use buntings of blue,
white and red. The blue color in the bunting should be at the top or at
When displayed with another flag from crossed staff, the Philippine the point of honor and it must be equally in width.
flag should be on its right side (left side of the observer), and its staff
should be over the staff of the other flag. Two Philippine flags should On national holidays and on historical and special occasions as the
never be thus displayed. President or local chief executive may proclaim, the Philippine Flag shall
be displayed in all public and private places, buildings including
When the national flag is borne in a parade with other flags or of residences.
other nations, it should always be in front and in the center of the line of
the other flags. Tattered, faded or worn-out flags should be replaced immediately.
They should be disposed off or destroyed privately, preferably by
When used on a speaker's platform without the staff, it should be burning.
displayed vertically and placed above and behind the speaker. It should
never be used to cover the speaker's desk or to drape over the front of Prohibited Acts on the Philippine Flag
the platform.
To mutilate, deface, trample on, cast contempt, or
When mounted on a platform, the flag should be placed on the commit any act or omission casting dishonor or ridicule
presiding officer's right and a bit in front, as he faces the congregation. upon the National Flag or over its surface.
Other flags should be on his left. However, when it is displayed on a level
with the congregation, it is placed on the right of the congregation.
To dip the National Flag to any person or object by way
The flag should be flown from a staff when displayed on a float. of compliment or salute.

When the flag is flown at half-mast t symbolize mourning, it must

first be raised t full mast, allowing it to fly there for a moment before
bringing it down to half-mast. To lower the flag at sunset or any other To use the National Flag as drapery, festoon or
time when ordered, it must again be raised to full mast before it is tablecloth.
brought down;

When the flag is displayed on a small staff or in a parade, mourning is

indicated by attaching black ribbon to the spearhead, allowing the ribbon To use the National Flag as pennant in the hood, side,
to fall naturally. back and top of motor vehicles.
 To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisement,
To use the National Flag as a staff or whip. or imprint of any nature on the National Flag.

To use the National Flag for unveiling monuments or To print, paint or attach representation of the
statues. National Flag on handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions,
and articles of merchandise.

To use the National Flag as trademarks, or for industrial,

commercial or agricultural labels or designs. To display in public any foreign flag, except in
embassies and other diplomatic establishment,
and in offices of international organizations.
To display the National Flag under any painting or
picture.
To use or display or be part of any advertisement
or infomercial.

To display the National Flag horizontally. It shall

always be hoisted aloft and be allowed to fall BOARD RESOLUTION
freely. The contents of this article are sourced from the National Historical
Commission Website.

Resolution no. 8, s. 2017 – A resolution to include additional sites under

To display the National Flag below any platform. section 10 of the Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) of R. A. 8491
known as “The Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines,” where the
Philippine flag shall be permanently hoisted.
To display the National Flag in discotheques,
cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling Resolution no. 9, s. 2017 – A resolution prohibiting the manufacture and
joints and places of vice or where frivolity prevails. use of heraldic items and devices without the approval of the Office of
the President, to be included in section 49 of the Implementing Rules and
Regulation (IRR) of R. A. 8491 known as “The Flag and Heraldic Code of
To wear the National Flag in whole or in part as a the Philippines”
costume or uniform.
Resolution no. 10, 2. 2017 – A resolution to include the custom of
singing the National Anthem first before an invocation under section 43
of the Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) of R. A. 8491 known as
the “The Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines”.
 SECTION 50. Any person or judicial entity which violates any of the
provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not
GENERAL PROVISIONS less than Five thousand pesos (5,000.00) not more than Twenty
thousand pesos (P20,000.00), or by imprisonment for not more than one
Section 1. The flag of the Philippines shall be red, white, and blue, with a (1) year, or both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the
sun and three stars, as consecrated and honored by the people and court: Provided, That for any second and additional offenses, both fine
recognized by law. and imprisonment shall always be imposed: Provided, That in case the
violation is committed by a juridical person, its President or Chief
Section 2. The Congress may, by law, adopt a new name for the country, Executive Officer thereof shall be liable.
a national anthem, or a national seal, which shall all be truly reflective
and symbolic of the ideals, history, and traditions of the people. Such law
shall take effect only upon its ratification by the people in a national
Flags of the Katipunan
referendum.
The first Filipino flag can be traced from the time of
PENALTIES the Andres Bonifacio's secret society named: Kataastaasang
Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Highest
SECTION 48. Failure or refusal to observe the provisions of this Act; and and Most Honorable Society of the Sons of the Nation) or
any violation of the corresponding rules and regulations issued by the the Katipunan or KKK for short. Benita Rodriquez and Bonifacio's wife,
Office of the President shall, after proper notice and hearing, be Gregoria de Jesus, made the first Filipino flag.
penalized by public censure which shall be published at least once in a
newspaper of general circulation. The Department of Education, Culture The first Philippine flag was made of red cloth with white
and Sports and the Commission on Higher Education, upon the KKK initials sewn in white. The red color symbolized the
recommendation of the Institute and after the proper notice and blood of the members of the Katipunan in which inductee
hearing, shall cause the cancellation of the recognition of permit of any to the society signed in their names with their own blood.
private educational institution which fails or refuses to observe the
provisions of this Act for the second time. The Filipino flag had variations (from 1892 to 1896). Some
members arranged the KKK in a triangle while
SECTION 49. The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) some generals of the revolution designed their own flags.
and the Commission on Higher Education shall ensure that the National
Anthem, as adopted by law, shall be committed to memory by all Flag of note is the black banner of General Mariano
students of both public and private educational institutions, and Llanera in Nueva Ecija with a letter K and a skull with
performed during the flag ceremony conducted in accordance with the two cross bones underneath.
rules and regulations issued by the Office of the President. In addition,
they shall make available the vocal, piano or band scores of the National Another variation of the Filipino flag was that of General
Anthem, as adopted by law, to all private and public schools, as well as Pio del Pilar. It had an equilateral triangle with a K at
he general public. each angle with a rising sun behind a mountain.
In this Philippine flag picture, the Sun with the KKK underneath was also
a derivative of previous Filipino flags.
 by 270 captured Spanish marines, plus officers and men of the U.S.
In 1896, the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan in Cavite Asiatic Squadron under Admiral George Dewey.
headed by General Emilio Aguinaldo had a red ensign with
a sun and at the center of the sun is the letter K written in I visited Admiral Dewey, who after complimenting me on the "rapid successes of the Philippine
Revolution," informed me that the French and German admirals had asked him why he permitted
the ancient Filipino alphabet. the Filipinos to use a flag unrecognized by their navies, to which Dewey had replied that the
Filipinos used the same flag with his knowledge and consent (because) by their courage and
firmness in war, they were worthy of such a right.
Another variation is the Sun of Liberty of the Naic Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
Assembly in 1897 and the flag used by the Republic of June, 1898

Biak-na Bato.
The same flag was first hoisted officially at Kawit on June 12, 1898,
General Gregorio del Pilar also used another flag during during the proclamation of Philippine independence. From that date, it
the Battle of Pasong Balite and at the Battle of Tirad Pass. has served as the National Flag of the Filipinos.
This Filipino flag is similar to the flag of Cuba, according to
del Pilar.
1898 to 1907
The Philippine Flag
The flag of the Philippines as conceived by Emilio Aguinaldo, and first
Background History displayed in Alapan and Cavite Nuevo on May 28, 1898. Used from 1898
to 1901 (the shade of blue is still a matter of debate.)
During his exile in Hongkong, General Emilio
Aguinaldo designed the flag as it looks today. Mrs. Marcela de Agoncillo The Philippine-American war broke out in 1899. The flag was first flown
sewed it with the help of her 7-year old daughter Lorenza and Mrs. with the red band up, signifying a state of war, on February 4, 1899.
Josefina Herbosa de Natividad(niece of Dr. Jose Rizal) in the tradition of
After the Filipinos were defeated, the country was placed under
fine embroidery of Taal, Batangas.It was made of silk with a white
American rule. On August 23, 1907, display of the Philippine flag was
triangle at the left containing a gold sunburst of eight rays at the center,
declared illegal by the Sedition Act of 1907.
a five pointed star at each angle of the triangle, an upper stripe of dark
blue, and a lower stripe of red. The white triangle stands for equality and
the emblem of the Katipunan; the upper blue stripe for peace, truth and
justice; and the lower red stripe for patriotism and valor. The sunburst of
1919 to 1941
eight rays inside the triangle represented the first eight provinces placed
under Martial Law by Spain because of the insurrection, Batangas, The Sedition Law of 1907 was repealed on October 30,1919. The
Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Manila, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac. The Philippine Legislature passed Act. No 2928 on March 26, 1920, which
three stars symbolized Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. legally adopted the Philippine flag as the official flag of the Philippine
Islands.
The flag which Mrs. Agoncillo made in Hongkong was taken to
the Philippines by General Aguinaldo aboard the ship McCullough. After Due to availability of red and blue cloth with shades similar to the red
the Battle of Alapan in Imus Cavite, this flag was first unfurled by Gen. and blue of the United States flag, the Philippine flag adopted the navy
Aguinaldo at the Teatro Caviteño in Cavite Nuevo (now Cavite City ) on blue color.
May 28, 1898 before victorious Filipino revolutionaries. It was witnessed
The flag was banned December 1941 with the Japanese invasion of The Marcos order was reversed, and the flag with the American colors
World War II. was used after the People Power Revolution.

1943 to 1945
1998 to present
In October 1943, the flag of the Second Philippine Republic was hoisted
by Emilio Aguinaldo with the original Cuban blue and red colors restored. For the 1998 centennial of the proclamation of Philippine independence,
The flag was initially flown with the blue stripe up, until President Jose P. the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines (RA 8491) was passed,
Laurel proclaimed the existence of a state of war with the Allied Powers changing the shade of blue to royal blue, as a compromise. This was used
in 1944. for the Philippine Centennial Celebration

CITIZENSHIP VALUES
What are Values?
1919 to 1941, then 1944 to 1981
Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate
The Commonwealth government-in-exile in Washington DC continued to
attitudes or actions.
use the flag with the American colors, and had flown it with the red
These help us determine what is important to us; describe the
stripe up since the initial invasion of the Japanese. With the combined personal qualities we choose to guide our action; the kind of person we
forces of the Filipino and American soldiers and the liberation of the want to be; the manner in which we treat ourselves and others and our
Philippines in 1944 to 1945, the flag with the American colors was interaction with the world around us.
restored, and it was this flag that was hoisted upon the granting of
Philippine independence from the United States on July 4, 1946. Values provide the general guidelines for conduct

Values are those which are good, desirable, or worthwhile.

We have our own personal values, but at the same time there
1981 to 1986 are also cultural values in the society where we live and which we
The shade of Blue used here is Light Blue, similar to the shade used in the embrace or adhere.
Cuban Flag at the time of the proclamation of the Philippine Declaration
Personal values are personal beliefs about right and wrong and
of Independence. In 1985, President Ferdinand Marcos officially ordered
may or may not be considered moral.
the colors of the flag restored to the original blue and red of the Cuban
Cultural values are the ones accepted by religion or society.
flag.
The Good Citizenship Values
(Based on the 1987 Philippine Constitution)

PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS

1986 to 1998
 1. Faith in the Almighty – we want to have God present in our lives. 4. Patriotism – we want the best for our country. We want our
We want to have a relationship of trust in him. We want to ask country be respected and honored by its citizenry and by the
for God’s help beyond what we ourselves can do. whole world.
2. Respect for Life – we want all human life be preserved, nurtured 5. Promotion of the Common Good – we want all Filipinos to meet
and safeguarded. their basic needs and to have opportunities to develop and use
3. Order – we want organization, system, and predictability in all our God-given potentials.
aspects of our daily lives and our life as a nation.
4. Work – everybody wants to have a job to support the basic
needs of the family. PAGKAMAKA-KALIKASAN
5. Concern for the Family and Future Generations – we want what 1. Concern for the Environment – our environment shall be
is best for our family and for every single member in the present preserved and nurtured, and for ourselves and others to be good
and future generations. stewards of the environment.

PAKAMA-TAO VOTER EDUCATION

1. Love – we desire to love and be loved. Love begets love. If
love reigns in our hearts, the harmonious relationship of all the One of the duties and responsibilities of the citizen of the
people will prevail. country is to register and vote.
2. Freedom – each one of us will be able to exercise our freedom
and will. Suffrage is both a privilege and a duty which every
3. Peace – we want to live in a serene and secure community, with citizen at the legal age must perform. As to constitutional
harmonious relationship with our neighbors. A place which is obligation it is not only by registering and casting vote but it
tranquil could expect harmony among others and ourselves as
carries with duty to vote responsibly through a mature and
well as with the environment.
4. Truth – we want ourselves and others be true; that truth reign in independent judgment according to the personal qualities and
our land. qualification of candidates to become a better public servant.
5. Justice – everyone be given what is due to him as a human
being. What governs all relationship is morally and legally right. Who are qualified to vote?
All citizens of the Philippines, eighteen (18) years of age or over,
PAGKAMAKA-BAYAN and residents of the Philippines for one (1) year and for at least six (6)
1. Unity – we want to be one as a people. We cherish oneness – as
months in the city or municipality wherein he/she proposes to vote
co-citizens and as our country, as members of our family and as
co-workers in an institution. immediately preceding the election are qualified to vote.
2. Equality- each one of us has the opportunity to be fully human.
Nobody be a victim of prejudices or biases of any kind. The Who are disqualified from voting?
interest of one should not be sacrificed against his will for the a. Any person who has been sentenced by final judgment to suffer
good of one another. imprisonment for not less than one year. However, he/she may
3. Respect for Law and Government- the rule of law be upheld by reacquire the right to vote upon expiration of five years after
all people at all times. The government be accorded respect and
service of a sentence.
all laws be complied with.
b. Any person who has been adjudged by final judgment by Post-election
competent court or tribunal of having committed any crime o Practice continued vigilance and participate in
involving disloyalty to the duty constituted government such as governance.
rebellion, sedition, violation of the anti-subversion and firearms  Be vigilant in the counting and canvassing of
laws, or any crime against national security, unless restored to votes;
his/her full civil and political rights in accordance with law;  Participate in local governance through
Provided, That he/she shall regain his right to vote automatically development planning and other activities.
upon expiration of five years after service of sentence.
c. Insane or incompetent persons as declared by competent
authority.

Pre-election
 Register during the period allotted for voter registration;
 Be informed of the issues, platforms and personalities of
the political candidates;
 Set specific guidelines in choosing government leaders
in terms of the candidates’ social affiliations and
interests, competence, lifestyle, and performance
records;
 Conduct/participate in public debates that would inform
citizens and gain the commitment of the candidates to
integrate foremost the interests and welfare of the
citizens in their program of government. This process
can be used to remind and hold the elected leaders
accountable to the promises made during the campaign.

During Election
 Exercise vigilance of the right to vote.
 Vote according to your conscience;
 Practice vigilance by protecting theintegrity of your own
vote from any undue influence, volunteering in
organizations that work for clean and peaceful elections,
watching out for instances of cheating in the elections and
informing the rest of the electorate of such activities.