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6 views

Lab2 Kyth

Uploaded by

Jay Cordova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ECE 421

Principles of Communication (Lab)


Amplitude Modulation
Experiment No. 2

I. Objectives

1. To be acquinted to the effect of the modulation index to


the input.
2. Understand, analyze, and evaluate the Amplitude
modulation signal.
3. Know how it works.

II. Basic Theory

Amplitude Modulation signal by its mathematical


definition, it is the process of adding, subtracting and
multiplying two or more input signals and resulted to the
sum and difference of two frequencies.
It is also is process of changing the amplitude of a high
frequency carrier signal in proportion with the simultaneous
value of the modulating signal. AM is a subset of the group of
modulation techniques that are said to be linear. Such
techniques include double sideband modulation, upper
sideband modulation, lower sideband modulation, and AM.
It is expressed as:

Vam= Vcsinwct + Vm/2cos(wc-wm)t - Vm/2cos(wc+wm)t

III. Equipment/ Materials/ Component

SCILAB Simulator App


-An open source software for numerical computation
providing a powerful computing environment for engineering
and scientific applications.
IV. Schematic Diagram

Amplitude
Modulator

Information

Carrier Signal

VII. PROCEDURE:

1. Make a program which vary on the amplitude


modulation.
2. Plot the frequency spectrum and the waveform.
3. Given the values of m= 0, 0.30, 0.50, 0.75, 1, and
1.5, input this to the program.
4. Describe the waveform and the spectrum that is
shown,

VII. Observation

In this activity we performed we observed an modulating


signal using SCILAB and that complex wave is usually
simplified by representing the high frequency carrier wave.
The information signal is usually called the modulating signal
and the higher frequency signal which is being modulated is
called the carrier or the modulated wave. The carrier signal
is usually a sine wave while the information signal can be
any shape. The AM signal is the result of this combined
waves.

The increase in the modulating signal amplitude causes the


amplitude of the carrier to increase.

For the power distribution of AM signal with respect to the


sideband, the upper sideband and the lower sideband are
almost equal as shown in the frequency domain. This power
varies with the percentage of modulation base on the depth
of AM. Denotes that the higher the percentage of modulation
the greatest the sideband power and was stronger to use to
transmit and receive signal.

The modulation index should be between 0 and 1. If greater


than 1 it will cause a severe distortion to the modulated
wave form as perform. If the modulation index increases the
modulation depth also increases.

VIII. Synthesis and Conclusion.

Using SCILAB, it is very useful in generating the AM signals,


and frequency spectrum. The higher the modulation index
the higher the distortion. In the activity we performed we
used different modulation index and we are able to see the
graphs and analyze the results of the time domain and
frequency domain. There is a change in frequency value of
both carrier and modulating signals.

As the modulation index increases, the depth of amplitude


signal also increases. As the amplitude of the modulating
signal varies, the frequency deviation changes. Through
procedures the basic principle of amplitude modulation.

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