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14 views12 pages

TRAINING

H

Uploaded by

ng1369322
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UTTAR PRADESH POWER

CORPORATION LIMITED
220 KV SUBSTATION HARDOI ROAD,LUCKNOW

2024-2025
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SR GROUP OF INSTITUTE MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY LUCKNOW

presented by:- presented TO:-


AMAN VERMA (FINAL YEAR)
(2104850310006)
SUBSTATION
A substation is a part of the electrical power
system where the voltage of electricity is changed
(increased or decreased) using various electrical
equipment. It is a critical component that helps
efficiently control, transmit, and distribute
electricity.
Key Components of a Substation

Bus Bar Circuit Breaker Transformers


Bus Bars
A bus bar is a metallic strip or bar that acts as a central point for connecting multiple
electrical circuits at the same voltage level. It is typically made of copper or aluminum due to
their excellent electrical conductivity. Bus bars are used in electrical substations, power
distribution systems, and industrial facilities to efficiently manage the flow of electricity.

types of bus bars


Single Bus System

Double Bus System

Ring Bus System

Main and Transfer Bus System


Single Bus System
Has one main bus bar.
Simple and cost-effective, but less reliable as any fault can disrupt the entire system..

Double Bus System

Uses two bus bars for redundancy..


Improves reliability since power can be switched to the second bus if the first one fails..

Ring Bus System


Arranged in a closed loop, providing multiple paths for power flow.
Increases fault tolerance and flexibility in maintenance.

Main and Transfer Bus System

Includes a main bus and a transfer bus for backup..


Allows for maintenance or repairs without interrupting the power supply.
Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker is a protective device used in electrical systems to automatically disconnect the
flow of electricity in case of faults, such as short circuits, overloads, or other electrical failures. It
helps prevent damage to electrical equipment and ensures safety by stopping the flow of
dangerous currents..

Purpose of Circuit Breakers

01. System Protection

02. Safety for Personnel

03. Automatic Operation


TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Oil Circuit Breakers

Use oil as the medium to extinguish the arc formed when the contacts open.

Commonly used in high-voltage applications.


Advantages: No risk of oil fires, easy to maintain.

Disadvantages: Can be noisy during operation.

Air Circuit Breakers

Use compressed air or atmospheric air to quench the arc.


Suitable for low-voltage applications (below 1kV).
Advantages: No risk of oil fires, easy to maintain.

Disadvantages: Can be noisy during operation.


SF6 (Sulfur Hexafluoride) Circuit Breakers

Use SF6 gas, known for its excellent insulating and arc-quenching properties..
Commonly used in high-voltage systems (132kV and above)..
Advantages: Effective arc suppression, low maintenance, compact design.
Disadvantages: Expensive and requires careful handling due to its environmental
impact.

Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Use a vacuum to extinguish the arc when contacts open.


Ideal for medium-voltage applications (up to 36kV)..
Advantages: No risk of fire, minimal maintenance, fast arc extinction..
Disadvantages: Higher cost compared to air circuit breakers..
Transformers
A transformer is an electrical device used
to change the voltage level of electricity. It
can either increase (step up) or decrease
(step down) the voltage depending on the
requirements of the power system.
Transformers are essential for efficiently
transmitting and distributing electrical
power over long distances.
TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
Power Transformers

Used in transmission networks to handle high voltage (above 33kV).


Found in substations and power plants for stepping up or stepping down
voltage..
Example: In the Mohaddipur Substation, power transformers step down 132kV
to 33kV..

Distribution Transformers

Step down voltage to low levels (like 11kV or 400V) for use in homes, offices,
and small industries.

Smaller in size and designed for continuous operation at low loads.


Auto Transformers

Have a single winding that acts as both the primary and secondary coil.

More efficient and cost-effective for small voltage adjustments.

Instrument Transformers

Current Transformers (CTs): Step down high current to lower levels for safe
measurement..

Potential Transformers (PTs): Step down high voltage to measurable levels


for metering and protection.
Thank you for your
attention

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