KHEMIS MILIANA University

Faculty of Science and Technology

Department of Science of Matter - L1 ST-SM
Exercise Series of GW of Physics 1, 2023-2024
Exercise Series Number 2. Part II. Kinematics of a Particle. Relative Motion

*Exercise 1:
Given the coordinates of a moving particle as: x = t2 − 1 et y = 2t.
1. Find the Cartesian equation of the trajectory.
2. Draw a graph of the trajectory for the y 0 ≤ y ≤ 5.
3. Give the expression of the mobile’s velocity components.
4. Give the expression for the acceleration vector.
5. Calculate the tangential and normal accelerations at t = 2s.
6. Determine the radius of curvature at t = 2s.

Exercise 2:
Given the position vector →−
r , its differentiation is given by:
→
− →
− →
−
d→
−r = dx i + dy j + dz k (1)
In the cylindrical coordinate system, it transforms to:
∂→−
r ∂→−
r ∂→−
r
d→−
r = dρ + dθ + dz (2)
∂ρ ∂θ ∂z
1. Using the coordinate transformation relations between the Cartesian coordinate system
∂→−
r ∂→ −
r ∂→
−
r
and the cylindrical coordinate system, determine the vectors: , and
∂ρ ∂θ ∂z
2. Determine the unit vectors expressions →
−
ur , →
−
uθ et →
−
uz (Cartesian coordinates). Check that
→
− →
− →
−
the unit vectors u , u et u are orthogonal.
r θ z
→
− →
− →
− →
−
3. Write the vector V = x i − 2y j + z k in cylindrical coordinate system.

*Exercise 3:
→
−
The acceleration of a moving particle on a plane is given by →−
a = 2 j (in ms−2 ). Given the
following initial conditions at t = 0s: vx0 = 1ms−1 , vy0 = 4ms−1 , x0 = 2m and y0 = 9m,
1. Calculate the velocity of the particle. What is its magnitude.
2. Determine the position vector. What is its magnitude.

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 3. Show that the trajectory equation may be put on the parabolic formula y = αx2 + β
with α and β are constants to determine.
4. Make a sketch of the curve y = f (x) for the interval x ∈ [−4m, +4m].

*Exercise 4:
A particle with a constant velocity moves on a circular orbit with a constant radius R.
1. Draw schemas of the trajectory in both Cartesian and polar frames of reference
→
− → −
2. Give the position vector →
−
r in both Cartesian and polar system ℜ(O, i , j ) and ℜ(O, →
−
ur , →
−
uθ ).
3. Same question for the velocity vector →
−
v . Determine its magnitude v.
4. demonstrate that the velocity vector and the position vector are perpendicular to each
other.
5. Determine the acceleration vector →
−
a in the two frames of reference. What is its magni-
tude a. Express the magnitude a as a function of v and the radius R.
6. Write the relationship between the pulse ω and the frequency f .
7. Find a relationship relating T , the period, to the frequency f .
8. Numerical Application : Calculate T , ω, v and a for f = 50Herz and R = 0.1m.

*Exercise 5:
A moving particle M folowing a path represented in the cylindrical frame of reference
→
−
ℜ(O, →
−
ur , →
−
uθ , k ). The position of the particle is given by :
r = R, φ = ωt + φ0 et z = hφ
with h, R, ω and φ0 are constants.
1. Write the vector positon of the point M .
2. Calculate the components of the velocity of M .
→
−
3. Determine the angle θ between the velocity →
−
v and (O, k ) axes.
4. Determine the acceleration components.
5. Calculate the curvature radius of the trajectory.
6. What type is the trajectory.
Reminder : in thecylindrical coordinate system we have :
→
− →
−
r = r→
−ur+zk
→
− dr − dφ − dz →
−
v = → ur+r → uφ+ k
dt dt  ! dt
2
d2 r
 2
d2 z →
 
→
− dφ →
− dφ dr dφ → − −
a = 2
− r u r + 2
+ 2 u φ + 2
k
dt dt dt dt dt dt

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*Exercise 6:
The angular position of a particle moving on a circular path with a radius of R = 2.5m is
given by θ = 1.5t2 , where θ is in radians and t is in seconds.
1. Calculate the tangential and normal accelerations at t = 0.5s.
2. Determine the acceleration of the particle at the same time.

*Exercise 7:
A plane A flies toward the north N at 300kmh−1 relative to the ground. At the same time
another plane B flies in the direction north-west N 60◦ W at 200kmh−1 relative to the ground.
1. Find the velocity of A relative to B and of B relative to A.
2. Represent the vectors of the different velocities.

Exercise 8:
A plane flies with a velocity −v→
A parallel to the Ox axis. At the same time, a missile is fired
−→ →
−
from the origin O with a velocity VM . Assume that θ is the angle between − v→
B and the i
axis.
If, at t = 0s, the plane is positioned with the coordinates xA = 0 and yA = h,
1. Calculate the velocity of the plane relative to the missile, −
v−→.
BA

2. Determine the components of −

v−
→
BA .

3. What would be the relationship between −

v→ −
→
A and vB so that the missile catches the target?

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Solution Exercice 5:
1. →
−r = r→−u r = R→
−
ur

→
− d→
−r
2. v = =→
−vr+→−
vφ+→
−
v z = 0→
−
u r + Rω → −
u φ + hω →
−
uz
dt
dr
vr = =0
dt
dφ
vφ = R = Rω
dt
dz
vz = = hω
dt p √
avec comme module v = vr2 + vφ2 + vz2 = ω R2 + h2

3. Pour ce faire calculons les produits scalaires et vectoriel →

−
uz •→
−
v et →
−
uz ×→
−
v
→
− →
−
u z • v = uz v cos θ = hω
→
−uz ×→ −v = uz v sin θ = Rω →
−
ur
Les deux dernières équations
 permettent
 d’écrire :
R R
tan θ = d’où θ = arctan , c’est une constante.
h h
d→
−v
4. →
−a = = −Rω 2 →
−
ur =→
−
ar
dt
ar = −Rω 2
dω
aφ = R =0
dt
dω
az = h =0
dt
avec comme module a = a2r + a2φ + a2z = Rω 2 .
p

0
5. →
−
a =→ −
aN + →
−a>

T = −→
− a r . En prenant le modules des deux vecteur on a:
v2 v2
aN = ar d’où = Rω 2 et le rayon de courbure dans ce cas est ρ = =
ρ Rω 2
ω 2 (R2 + h2 ) h2
= R +
Rω 2 R
6. C’est une trajectoire de forme hélicoı̈dale.