NOOR HASSAN

18-FEB-2021

CS101 MODULE 109 TO 115 SHORT QUEATIONS

Q1. Difference between Assembly language and Assemblers?

Ans. Assembly Language:
A mnemonic system for representing is collectively called
assembly language. An assembly language is a low-level language designed for
specific type of processor. It may be produced by compiling source code from a high-
level language like, C++ or C.
Assemblers:
Converting mnemonic expressions into machine language
instructions. It takes the basic commands and operationsfrom assembly code and
convert them into binary code that can be represented by a specific type of
processor.

Q2. What is programming language?

Ans. Programing language is a set of commands, instructions on other syntax to
create the software program.

Q3. Where is a programming language is store?

Ans. It is stored in main memory beginning at address A0. Program counter contain
address of first time.

Q4. What is an Debugging?

Ans. Writing programs in machine language is a tedious task that often leads to error
that must me located and corrected before the job is finished.

Q5. What is mnemonic?

Ans. It is derived from the Greek phrase.
It is also known as memory aid, is a tool that help you remember an idea or phrase
with a pattern of letters, numbers or relatable association.
For Example:

• LD R5, Price
• LD R6, Shipping Charge
• ADDI R0 , R5 , R6
• ST R0,Total Cost
• HLT
 NOOR HASSAN
18-FEB-2021

CS101 MODULE 109 TO 115 SHORT QUEATIONS

Q6. What is Program variables?

Ans. A value that can change, depending on condition or information passed to the
program.

Q7. What is an identifier?

Ans. A name that identifies either a unique object a unique class of object.

Q8. Write the advantages of assembly language?

Ans. Advantages of Assembly Language:
➢ It allows complex jobs to run in a simpler way.
➢ It is memory efficient, as it require less memory.
➢ It is faster in speed, its execution time is less.
➢ It is mainly hardware oriented.
➢ It requires less instructions to get the result.
➢ It is used for critical jobs.
➢ It is not require to keep track of memory location.
➢ It is a low level embedded system.

Q9. Write the disadvantages of assembly language?

Ans. Disadvantages of Assembly Language:
➢ It takes a lot of time and effort to write the code for the same.
➢ It is very complex and difficult to understand.
➢ The syntax is difficult to remember.
➢ It has a lack of portability of program between different computer
architectures.
➢ It need more size or memory of the computer to run the long
program written in assembly language.

Q10. What is the machine independent?

Ans. The first two generations languages are low level languages or machine
dependent, while the other two languages are high level languages or machine
independent. Machine dependent mean the program can only work on the type of
computer it was designed for while Machine independence means the programs can
work on any computer system.
Third generation language example:
➢ FORTRAN
➢ COBOL

Q11. What is an compiler?

 NOOR HASSAN
18-FEB-2021

CS101 MODULE 109 TO 115 SHORT QUEATIONS

Ans. A compiler is a special program that processes statements written in a particular

programing language and turn them into machine language or “code” that computer
processor uses.

Q12. What is an interpreter?

Ans. These programs were similar to translators except that they executed the
instructions as they were translated instead of recording the translated version for
future use.

Q13. What is natural and formal languages?

Ans. Natural Language:
Computer language follow the strict rules and are precisely defined
by grammars.
Formal Languages:
Natural languages evolved without grammatical constructions.

Q14. What is machine independence?

Ans. A term applied to software that is not dependent on the properties of particular
machine, and can therefore be used on any machine. Such software is also describe
as portable.

Q15. Write the goals of machine independence?

Ans. Goals of machine independence:
➢ Although the goals of machine independence was largely achieved.
➢ Program written for one machine was theoretically used on any
machine simply by applying the appropriate compiler.
➢ The different way in which machine handle I/O Operations.
➢ Need to make minor modification when program is run on different
machines.

Q16. What is standardization?

Ans. American National Standards Institutes and the international organization for
standardization have adopted and published standards for many of the popular
languages.

Q17. What is language extension?

Ans. Compiler designers provides features, called language extension that are not a
part of standard language.

Q18. What are the stand for ANSI, FORTRAN and COBOL?
Ans. ANSI:
 NOOR HASSAN
18-FEB-2021

CS101 MODULE 109 TO 115 SHORT QUEATIONS

American National Standard Institutes.

FORTRAN:
Formula Translator.
COBOL:
Common Business Oriented Language.

Q19. What is programming paradigm?

Ans. A programing paradigm is a style or way of programing.
A paradigm is a way of doing something (like programing) not a concrete think (like
language).Now it’s true that if a programing language L happen to make a particular
programing paradigm P easy to express.Then we often say “L is a P language”, but
that does not meanthere is any such thing as a functional language paradigm.

Q20. What is software programing paradigm?

Ans. Paradigm consist of “ a set of assumptions, concepts, values and practices that
constitutes a way of viewing reality for that community shares them, especially in an
intellectual discipline”. When applied to software development, a paradigm guides the
way that developer view the given problems and organize the solution.

Q21. Define imperative and declarative paradigm?

Ans. Imperative Paradigm:
It define the programing process to be the development of a sequence of
commands that, when followed that manipulate data to produced the desired result
called imperative paradigm.
Declarative Paradigm:
A declarative paradigm system applied a pre-established general-purpose
problem-solving algorithm to solve problems presented to it. In such an environment
the task of programmer becomes that of developing a precise statement of the
problem rather than of describing an algorithm for solving the problem.

Q22. What is functional paradigm?

Ans. In functional paradigm a program is considered a mathematical function.In this
context, a function is a black box that maps a list of inputs to a list of outputs.

Q23. Difference between imperative and declarative paradigm?

Ans. Imperative Paradigm:
✓ Also known as procedural paradigm
✓ Object Oriented Programing
✓ Parallel Processing Aproach
 NOOR HASSAN
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CS101 MODULE 109 TO 115 SHORT QUEATIONS

Declarative Paradigm:
✓ Logic Programing Paradigm
✓ Function Programing
✓ Data base processing Approach

Q24. What is Object Oriented Programming?

Ans. It is a programing paradigm based on he concept of objects, which can contain
data and code: data in form of field and code in form of procedure.A feature of objects
is that an objects own procedures can access and modify the data field of itself.

Q25. What is Object Oriented Paradigm?

Ans. It is often associated with imperative programing, but in practice both functional
and OOP co-exist.

Q26. What is object in Object Oriented Programing?

Ans. A method in OOP, is procedure associated with a message and an object.This
allow the sending subjects to invoke behavior and to delegate the implementation of
those behaviors to the receiving objects.A method in java programing sets the
behavior of a class object.

Q27. What is method?

Ans. Each object will have it’s own collection of functions called method.

Q28. What is class in Object Oriented Programing?

Ans. In OOP, a class is an extensible program-code-template for creating objects,
providing initial values for state and implementate of behavior.In these languages, a
class that create classes are called metaclass.

Q29. What is Abstraction in Object Oriented Programing?

Ans. In Object Oriented Programing, encapsulation refers to the bundling of data with
the methods that operates on that data or the restricting of direct access to some of
an objects components.

Q30. What is polymorphism in Object Oriented Programing?

Ans. In programing languages and type theory, polymorphism is the provision of a
single interface to entities of different types or the use of single symbol to represent
multiple different types.

Q31. What is the Logic Programing?

Ans. Boost to declarative paradigm with a discovery that the subjects of formal logic
within mathematic provides a simple problem solving algorithm suitable for use in
general-purpose declarative programing system emergence to logic programing.
 NOOR HASSAN
18-FEB-2021

CS101 MODULE 109 TO 115 SHORT QUEATIONS

Q32. What is the task of programmer?

Ans. The task of programmer becomes that of developing a precise statement of the
problem rather than of describing an algorithm for solving the problem.

Q33. What is an Obstacles?

Ans. A major obstacles in developing programing system based on the declarative
paradigm is the need for an underlying problems solving algorithm.For this reason,
early declarative programing languages tended to be special purpose in nature
designed for use in particular applications.

Q34. Define Forecasting?

Ans. Programmer does not need to invent the algorithm just need to enter the current
weather situation.