NOVEL

HARD TIMES BY CHARLES DICKENS

The Victorian Era
The Victorian era (1837-1901) saw major changes in industry, science,
and politics. Industrialization brought economic growth but also widespread poverty
and harsh working conditions, especially for children. Political reforms like
the 1832 Reform Bill improved middle-class representation, but many working-class
people still lacked rights. Movements like Chartism sought greater equality.
Scientific discoveries, such as Darwin's theory of evolution, challenged religious
beliefs, leading to intellectual and spiritual conflicts. Charles Dickens, in
"Hard Times," criticized the dehumanizing effects of industrialization and the
utilitarian philosophy, advocating for empathy and social reform
.‫( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬1901-1837) ‫ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻜﺘﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‬
‫ ﺣﺴﻨﺖ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬.‫ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬،‫ﻭﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬1832 ‫ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ ﺳﻌﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﺗﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬.‫ﻇﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻼ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬
،‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬،‫ ﺗﺤﺪﺕ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺃﻛﺒﺮ‬
‫ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺪ ﺗﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ‬،‫"ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺒﺔ" ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻼﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻌﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
HARD TIMES BY CHARLES DICKENS
"Hard Times" by Charles Dickens is a social protest novel
set in 19th century England, highlighting the harsh effects of
industrialization on society. The story is divided into three parts:
"Sowing," "Reaping," and "Garnering," reflecting the idea that actions have
consequences. The novel explores the struggles of the working class
and critiques the rigid industrial system. Key themes include the
conflict between fact and fancy, showing that both are necessary
for a balanced life.
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ "ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺒﺔ" ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻫﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
:‫ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬.‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ‬،"‫ ﻭ"ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬،"‫ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬،"‫"ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ‬
‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬.‫ﺗﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ‬
 ‫ ﻣﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
.‫ﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ‬
THE THEMES
1\the opposition between fact and fancy
In "Hard Times," Dickens explores the theme of the opposition
between fact and fancy. Mr. Gradgrind insists on facts, but
the novel shows that imagination (fancy) is equally important. Dickens
argues that what is considered fact can be subjective and
influenced by personal beliefs. The rigid focus on facts leads
to social dysfunctions in Gradgrind's children, while Sissy, who embraces
fancy, provides a more balanced upbringing. The youngest Gradgrind daughter,
raised by both Gradgrind and Sissy, represents the harmony of
fact and fancy.
.‫ ﻳﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬،‫ﻳﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
‫ ﻳﺠﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬.‫)ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻧﺘﺎﺯﻳﺎ( ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺎ ﻭﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
،‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻻﺑﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ‬.‫ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻧﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻀﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫ﻟﻐﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
2\the importance of femineity
In "Hard Times," Dickens highlights the importance of femininity in
counteracting the harsh effects of industrialization. Women like Rachael and
Sissy Jupe embody compassion and emotional sensitivity, which inspire and
uplift others. They help restore social harmony and balance the
rigid, fact-based upbringing promoted by characters like Mr. Gradgrind. The
novel suggests that feminine traits are essential for improving the
lives of individuals and society as a whole.
‫ ﻳﺒﺮﺯ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﺠﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬
‫ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺮﻭﺝ‬
‫ ﺗﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻮﻳﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻬﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻛﻜﻞ‬
3\fact vs fancy
In "Hard Times," Dickens criticizes an education system focused solely
on facts, neglecting imagination and creativity. Mr. Gradgrind's strict adherence
to facts leads to his children, Tom and Louisa, growing
up emotionally stunted and unhappy. Tom becomes a criminal, and
Louisa enters an unhappy marriage. In contrast, Sissy Jupe, who
embraces imagination, brings emotional strength and ultimately saves the Gradgrind
family.
‫ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﻘﻂ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﻳﻬﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬
‫ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ‬،‫ ﺗﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻤﻮ ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ ﻭﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬،‫ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺗﻮﻡ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎ‬.‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩﺓ‬
،‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻀﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﺗﺠﻠﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬.‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺬ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬
4\industrialism and its evils
In "Hard Times," Dickens criticizes the dehumanizing effects of industrialization,
where workers are treated as machines and called "Hands." The
rigid focus on facts and data, promoted by Mr. Gradgrind,
leads to emotional detachment and unhappiness. The novel shows the
harsh conditions of factory life and the negative impact on
workers and their families. Sissy Jupe, with her imaginative upbringing,
represents the antidote to these evils, bringing compassion and humanity
back into the lives of those affected by industrialization.
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬."‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻛﺂﻻﺕ ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ "ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ‬
.‫ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺳﺔ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺭ‬،‫ ﺑﺘﺮﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺑﻲ‬.‫ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻫﻢ‬
.‫ﺗﺠﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬
5\unhappy marriages
In "Hard Times," Dickens portrays several unhappy marriages. Mr. Gradgrind's
marriage is devoid of affection, and his children are unhappy.
Louisa marries Mr. Bounderby out of duty, not love, leading
to an unfulfilling marriage. Stephen Blackpool is trapped in a
miserable marriage with a drunken wife, preventing him from being
with Rachael. Mrs. Sparsit also had an unhappy marriage. These
examples highlight the lack of joy and affection in these
relationships.
‫ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬.‫ ﻳﺼﻮﺭ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺯﻳﺠﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪﺓ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ‬.‫ ﻭﺃﻃﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻌﺪﺍﺀ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ‬،‫ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺤﺐ‬،‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ‬
‫ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺑﺎﺋﺲ ﻣﻊ‬.‫ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺽ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ‬،‫ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻣﺪﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ‬
‫ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ‬.‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬.‫ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ‬
.‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
CHARACTERS
1\Thomas Gradgrind is a strict school superintendent who values facts
over imagination and emotions. His rigid philosophy harms his children,
Louisa and Tom. Eventually, Gradgrind realizes his mistakes and dedicates
his life to promoting faith, hope, and charity.
‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎﺱ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺻﺎﺭﻡ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬
،‫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬.‫ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻭﺗﻮﻡ‬،‫ ﺗﺆﺫﻱ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻟﻪ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ‬
.‫ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀﻩ ﻭﻳﻜﺮﺱ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺮ‬
2\Louisa Gradgrind, the eldest daughter of Mr. Gradgrind, struggles with
an education focused solely on facts, which stifles her imagination
and emotions. She marries a man she doesn't love and
nearly runs away with James Harthouse, who makes her feel
understood. With the help of her friend Sissy, Louisa gradually
regains her emotional strength and humanity.
‫ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ‬،‫ ﺍﻻﺑﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ‬.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺒﺖ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻃﻔﻬﺎ‬،‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ‬،‫ﻻ ﺗﺤﺒﻪ ﻭﺗﻜﺎﺩ ﺗﻬﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﻫﺎﺭﺛﻬﺎﻭﺱ‬
‫ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻴﺪ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻴﺎ ﻗﻮﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﺔ‬
.‫ﻭﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
3\Tom Gradgrind, the second oldest child, is severely affected by
his fact-based education. He becomes a grumpy and sulky young
man who robs a bank to pay off his debts,
causing great distress to his father and sister.
.‫ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ ﺑﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬،‫ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬،‫ﺗﻮﻡ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬،‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺷﺎﺑﺎ ﻏﺎﺿﺒﺎ ﻭﻣﺘﺬﻣﺮﺍ ﻭﻳﺴﺮﻕ ﺑﻨﻜﺎ ﻟﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻳﻮﻧﻪ‬
 .‫ﺃﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍ ﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﺃﺧﺘﻪ‬
4\Josiah Bounderby is an arrogant and boastful factory owner who
falsely claims to be self-made. He is friends with Mr.
Gradgrind and marries Louisa Gradgrind, but his selfishness makes her
unhappy, leading her to be emotionally vulnerable to James Harthouse.
‫ﺟﻮﺳﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﺘﻌﺠﺮﻑ ﻭﻣﺘﻔﺎﺧﺮ ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﺯﻭﺭﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﻫﻮ ﺻﺪﻳﻖ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻭﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ‬.‫ﺻﻨﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺎ‬،‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻧﺎﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪﺓ‬،‫ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺠﻴﻤﺲ ﻫﺎﺭﺛﻬﺎﻭﺱ‬
5\Cecilia (Sissy) Jupe, the daughter of a circus performer, has
a rich imagination and a kind heart. Despite being abandoned
by her father and adopted by the Gradgrinds, her father's
influence remains strong. Sissy becomes the savior of the Gradgrind
family, helping Louisa and Tom in their times of need.
‫ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻭﻗﻠﺐ‬،‫ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺮﻙ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﺎ )ﺳﻴﺴﻲ( ﺟﻮﺑﻲ‬
‫ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬،‫ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻟﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻃﻴﺐ‬
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻨﻘﺬﺓ ﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻭﺗﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬
6\Mrs. Sparsit, an old widow, keeps Mr. Bounderby company before
his marriage. Jealous of Louisa, she enjoys watching Louisa's friendship
with James Harthouse. However, her plans are thwarted when Louisa
turns to her father instead of eloping. Mrs. Sparsit also
reveals that Mr. Bounderby's mother is alive and well, exposing
his false claims of rising from poverty, which earns his
lasting enmity.
‫ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ‬.‫ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ‬،‫ ﺃﺭﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺴﻨﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﻫﺎﺭﺛﻬﺎﻭﺱ‬
.‫ﺧﻄﻄﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﺸﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﺠﺄ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﺀﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺑﺼﺤﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺍﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ‬
7\Stephen Blackpool is a poor factory worker who suffers due
to the harsh industrial system and societal restrictions on marriage.
His wife is a drunken prostitute, preventing him from marrying
the kind Rachael. Shunned by his fellow workers for not
joining the union and fired by Bounderby, Stephen is framed
for a bank robbery by Tom and tragically dies while
trying to clear his name.
‫ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﻓﻘﻴﺮ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻣﺪﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﻭﺗﻤﻨﻌﻪ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ‬
‫ ﻳﻨﺒﺬﻩ ﺯﻣﻼﺅﻩ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺎﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﺑﺔ‬.‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﻄﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﻨﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻮﻡ‬.‫ﻭﻳﻄﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ‬
.‫ﻭﻳﻤﻮﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺄﺳﺎﻭﻱ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﺗﺒﺮﺋﺔ ﺍﺳﻤﻪ‬
8\Rachael is a kind and gentle woman who works at
Bounderby's factory and is Stephen's best friend. She supports Stephen
through his hardships, helps him care for his drunken wife,
and defends his innocence when he is falsely accused of
a bank robbery. Stephen dies holding her hand.
‫ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ‬،‫ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻨﻪ‬.‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺴﺘﻴﻔﻦ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻮﺕ‬.‫ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺯﻭﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﻨﻚ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﻨﺔ‬
.‫ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
9\James Harthouse is a wealthy and charming London gentleman who
tries to seduce Louisa Gradgrind. His plans fail when Louisa
seeks refuge with her father instead of eloping with him.
Sissy Jupe confronts Harthouse and persuades him to leave Coketown
forever.
‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﻫﺎﺭﺛﻬﺎﻭﺱ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻧﺒﻴﻞ ﺛﺮﻱ ﻭﺳﺎﺣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﻳﺤﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ ﺗﻔﺸﻞ ﺧﻄﻄﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﺠﺄ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎ‬.‫ﺇﻏﻮﺍﺀ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺑﻲ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻌﻪ ﺑﻤﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻛﻮﻙ‬.‫ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻭﺏ ﻣﻌﻪ‬
.‫ﺗﺎﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺑﺪ‬
10\Mrs. Pegler is Mr. Bounderby's mother, who cared for him
lovingly. Bounderby falsely claims he is self-made and that his
mother abandoned him. She appears as a mysterious old woman
near Bounderby's factory, but her true identity is revealed by
Mrs. Sparsit at the end of the book.
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﻐﻠﺮ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﻨﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺐ‬
.‫ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺭﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺗﻪ ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﺠﻮﺯ ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬
11\Slackbridge is a manipulative speaker who encourages workers to unionize
against Mr. Bounderby. He causes Stephen to be alienated from
other workers when Stephen refuses to join the union. Despite
supporting the workers, Slackbridge is not much better than Bounderby.
‫ﺳﻼﻛﺒﺮﻳﺪﺝ ﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﻣﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺰﻟﺔ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ‬
‫ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻼﻛﺒﺮﻳﺪﺝ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬،‫ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺩﻋﻤﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬.‫ﺍﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
1\Thomas Gradgrind :Emotional grinder, meaning he only believes in facts.
2\ Mr. M'Choakumchild Stifling children, trying to prevent them from
using their emotions and teaching them only facts.
3\Blackpool The black basin is a sign of contempt and
racism and that he is the least important person.
BOOK THE FIRST (SOWING)
"‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ "ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﺼﻴﺒﺔ" ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺍﺩﺟﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻳﺮﺑﻲ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ‬
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺪﺃ‬
The first book of Charles Dickens' "Hard Times" titled "Sowing"
tells the story of Mr. Gradgrind, who believes only in
facts and raises his children on this principle, leading to
social issues later on.
What does the title of the first book of the
novel refer to?
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ؟‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ" ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ "ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﺼﻴﺒﺔ" ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺍﺩﺟﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺰﺭﻉ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ‬.‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬
.‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‬
The title "Sowing" in Charles Dickens' "Hard Times" refers to
the phase where ideas and principles are planted in the
minds of the characters, especially the children. Mr. Gradgrind sows
the principle of facts only, which leads to negative consequences
later on.
chapter 1
characters: Mr. Gradgrind-Mr. M'Choakumchild-The children
"‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ "ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ" ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ "ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬
،‫ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ" ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺍﺩﺟﺮﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺻﺎﺭﻡ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺎ‬
‫ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻮﺻﻔﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
‫ ﻣﺆﻛﺪﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻻ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺍﺩﺟﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺯﺭﻉ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﺘﻨﺸﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
.‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﻮﻟﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮ‬
The first chapter of Book One "Sowing" in Charles Dickens'
"Hard Times" titled "The One Thing Needful" focuses on Mr.
Gradgrind, a strict man who believes that education should be
based solely on facts. The chapter begins with him giving
a lecture to a group of children, emphasizing that there
is no place for imagination and emotions in education. Mr.
Gradgrind believes that facts are the one thing needful for
properly raising children, and he starts planting this idea in
their minds from a young age.
Q1: What is the main focus of the chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Education and facts.
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
---
Q2: Who is Mr. Gradgrind?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: A strict schoolmaster who values facts.
.‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺻﺎﺭﻡ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
---
Q3: What is the teaching method used by Mr. Gradgrind?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: He focuses only on facts and rejects imagination.
.‫ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
---
Q4: Who are the two students introduced in this chapter?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Sissy Jupe and Bitzer.
.‫ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺰﺭ‬
---
Q5: What is the contrast between Sissy Jupe and Bitzer?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺰﺭ؟‬
A: Sissy is imaginative and emotional, while Bitzer is factual
and lifeless.
‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﺘﺰﺭ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
---
Q6: What is the "one thing needful" according to Mr.
Gradgrind?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ" ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: Facts are the only thing needed in life.
.‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
---
Q7: What does the chapter criticize?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The focus on facts over emotions and creativity in
education.
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
---
Q8: How does Mr. Gradgrind address the students?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ؟‬
A: He speaks in a cold and authoritarian manner.
.‫ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬
---
Q9: What example does Mr. Gradgrind use to teach facts?
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ؟‬
A: He asks Sissy Jupe to define a horse using
facts only.
.‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
---
Q10: What theme does this chapter introduce?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The conflict between fact and imagination.
.‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
---
chapter2
characters :Mr. Gradgrind\Sissy Jupe\ Bitzer\ Mr. M'Choakumchild
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ "ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ" ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ "ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺍﺩﺟﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬،"‫ﻋﺼﻴﺒﺔ" ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﻳﺎﺀ‬
‫ ﺗﺤﺮﺝ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ‬،‫ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻴﺮﻙ‬،‫ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﺘﺰﺭ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﻥ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﻜﻮﻛﺎﻭﻣﺸﺎﻳﻠﺪ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺩﺭﺳﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻞ‬.‫ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺍﺩﺟﺮﻳﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
In the second chapter of Book One "Sowing" in Charles
Dickens' "Hard Times" titled "Murdering the Innocents," Mr. Gradgrind tests
the children on their knowledge of facts. Sissy Jupe, the
daughter of a circus performer, is humiliated for not being
able to define a horse accurately, while Bitzer gives mechanical
answers that satisfy Mr. Gradgrind. The teacher, Mr. M'Choakumchild, begins
his dull lesson on facts
questions
Q1: What is the main idea of the chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The harm caused by forcing facts on children.
.‫ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬
---
Q2: Who are the two main students in focus?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Sissy Jupe and Bitzer.
.‫ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺰﺭ‬
---
Q3: How does Mr. Gradgrind treat Sissy Jupe?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ؟‬
A: He criticizes her for being imaginative.
.‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
---
Q4: What does Bitzer represent?
 ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﺰﺭ؟‬
A: He represents the success of fact-based teaching.
.‫ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻧﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
---
Q5: What is the criticism in the title "Murdering the
Innocents"?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﻳﺎﺀ"؟‬
A: It criticizes destroying children's creativity and innocence.
.‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬
---Q6: What does Sissy Jupe fail to do in class?
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻔﺸﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: She cannot define a horse using only facts.
.‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
---
Q7: How does Mr. Gradgrind feel about imagination?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ؟‬
A: He sees it as useless and harmful.
.‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﻋﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﺿﺎﺭﺍ‬
---
Q8: What is Bitzer's answer about the horse?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻴﺘﺰﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﻥ؟‬
A: He gives a detailed factual definition.
.‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﻔﺼﻼ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
---
Q9: What does this chapter say about education in Coketown?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻙ ﺗﺎﻭﻥ؟‬
A: It is strict, mechanical, and emotionless.
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺻﺎﺭﻡ ﻭﺁﻟﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬
---
Q10: How does Sissy Jupe’s background contrast with Mr. Gradgrind’s
ideas?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: She comes from a circus, full of imagination and
emotions.
.‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬،‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻙ‬
chapter 3
characters: Mr. Gradgrind/Tom Gradgrind/Louisa Gradgrind/Mr. Bounderby/Sissy Jupe
Mr. Gradgrind discovers that Sissy Jupe’s father, a circus performer,
has abandoned her. He decides to take her into his
home for education under strict rules. Mr. Bounderby supports this
decision. Meanwhile, Louisa and Tom feel trapped in their rigid
upbringing.
،‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺮﻙ‬،‫ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ‬
‫ ﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ‬.‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ‬،‫ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬.‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬.‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺻﺎﺭﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻭﺗﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ‬
questions
Q1: Who is Sissy Jupe?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ؟‬
A: A circus girl left by her father.
.‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻙ ﺗﺨﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎ‬
---
Q2: What does Mr. Gradgrind decide to do with Sissy?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻗﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ؟‬
A: He takes her into his home for education.
.‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬
---
Q3: Why does Sissy's father leave her?
‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ؟‬
A: He feels he has failed as a father.
.‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﺸﻞ ﻛﺄﺏ‬
---
Q4: Who supports Mr. Gradgrind’s decision?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: Mr. Bounderby.
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‬
---
Q5: How does Louisa feel about her upbringing?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ؟‬
A: She feels trapped and unhappy.
 .‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪﺓ‬
---
Q6: How does Tom feel about Mr. Gradgrind’s strictness?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺗﻮﻡ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺻﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: He is frustrated and rebellious.
.‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﺩ‬
---
Q7: What does Mr. Gradgrind value most?
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻲﺀ؟‬
A: Facts and rules.
.‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
---
Q8: What does the title "A Loophole" suggest?
‫"؟‬A Loophole" ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
A: It suggests a small escape from strict rules.
.‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺛﻐﺮﺓ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻬﺮﻭﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ‬
---
Q9: How is Sissy different from the Gradgrind children?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: She is emotional and imaginative.
.‫ﻫﻲ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
---
Q10: What does the chapter criticize?
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪﻩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The lack of empathy and imagination in strict education.
.‫ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ‬
chapter 4
characters:Mr. Bounderby/Mrs. Sparsit/Mr. Gradgrind/Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gradgrin
The chapter introduces Mr. Bounderby, a self-made, boastful industrialist. He
constantly brags about his poor childhood to gain sympathy and
respect. Mrs. Sparsit, his housekeeper, is loyal but secretly resents
him. Mr. Bounderby’s harsh views on life align with Mr.
Gradgrind's philosophy, and they discuss their rigid ideas about education
and society.
‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬،‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‬
 ‫ﻭﻣﺘﺒﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﺧﺮ ﺑﻄﻔﻮﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮﺓ ﻟﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺑﺮﺓ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺁﺭﺍﺅﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫‪questions‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q1: Who is Mr. Bounderby‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ؟‬
‫‪A: He is a wealthy, self-made industrialist.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺛﺮﻱ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q2: What does Mr. Bounderby often brag about‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺍ؟‬
‫‪A: He brags about his poor childhood and how he‬‬
‫‪became successful.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻔﺎﺧﺮ ﺑﻄﻔﻮﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q3: Who is Mrs. Sparsit‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ؟‬
‫‪A: She is Mr. Bounderby’s housekeeper.‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﺑﺮﺓ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q4: How does Mrs. Sparsit feel about Mr. Bounderby‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ؟‬
‫‪A: She is loyal but secretly resents him.‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q5: How are Mr. Bounderby’s views similar to Mr. Gradgrind’s‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
‫‪A: Both have rigid, fact-based views about life and society.‬‬
‫ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺻﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q6: What does Mr. Bounderby think of emotions‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ؟‬
‫‪A: He sees emotions as weak and unnecessary.‬‬
 .‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ‬
---
Q7: What is Mr. Bounderby’s attitude towards the poor?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ؟‬
A: He looks down on them and thinks they are
lazy.
.‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻬﻢ ﻛﺴﺎﻟﻰ‬
---
Q8: How does Mr. Bounderby use his background to gain
respect?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻟﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ؟‬
A: He talks about his difficult childhood to gain sympathy.
.‫ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﻃﻔﻮﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ‬
---
Q9: What is Mr. Bounderby’s relationship with Mr. Gradgrind?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: They are friends and share similar views on education
and society.
.‫ﻫﻤﺎ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
---
Q10: What theme does this chapter emphasize?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The harsh, rigid views on life and the value
of self-made success.
‫ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬
.‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
chapter 5
characters: Mr. Gradgrind/Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gradgrind/Sissy Jupe/Mr. Bounderby
In this chapter, Mr. Gradgrind emphasizes the importance of facts
in education. He teaches that emotions, imagination, and anything not
based on facts are useless. Louisa and Tom, his children,
are forced to accept this cold, fact-based system. Sissy Jupe
struggles with it because she values feelings and creativity, which
makes her an outsider in the strict system
‫ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻼ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻭﺗﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺒﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ‬
‫‪questions‬‬
‫?‪Q1: What does Mr. Gradgrind emphasize in the chapter‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
‫‪A: The importance of facts in education.‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q2: How does Mr. Gradgrind view emotions‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ؟‬
‫‪A: He thinks emotions are unnecessary and distracting.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺘﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫‪Q3: How are Louisa and Tom affected by their father’s‬‬
‫?‪views‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺗﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺑﺂﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﻤﺎ؟‬
‫‪A: They are forced to accept a cold, fact-based system.‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺭﺩ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q4: Who struggles with the system in this chapter‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
‫‪A: Sissy Jupe.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q5: Why does Sissy Jupe struggle in Mr. Gradgrind’s system‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
‫‪A: Because she values emotions and creativity.‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q6: What does Mr. Gradgrind think about imagination‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ؟‬
‫‪A: He sees it as useless and unimportant.‬‬
 .‫ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﻋﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ‬
---
Q7: How does the chapter show the difference between Sissy
and the Gradgrind children?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻭﺃﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: Sissy is emotional and imaginative, while Louisa and Tom
are cold and fact-focused.
.‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻭﺗﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﻳﺮﻛﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
---
Q8: What is the "key note" of the chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﻨﻐﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The focus on facts and the rejection of emotions
and imagination.
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
---
Q9: How does Mr. Gradgrind treat the students?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ؟‬
A: He is strict and only cares about facts.
.‫ﻫﻮ ﺻﺎﺭﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
---
Q10: What theme is emphasized in this chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The conflict between facts and imagination.
.‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
chapter 6
characers: Mr. Sleary/Sissy Jupe/Mr. Gradgrind/Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gradgrind
In this chapter, Mr. Sleary, the circus owner, is introduced.
He is kind-hearted and believes in the importance of imagination
and emotion, which contrasts with Mr. Gradgrind's strict, fact-based philosophy.
Sissy Jupe, who comes from the circus, struggles with Mr.
Gradgrind’s education system. Mr. Sleary shows a more humane and
imaginative way of teaching, emphasizing the value of emotions.
‫ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺨﺺ‬.‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻙ‬،‫ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻳﺮﻱ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻣﻊ‬،‫ﻃﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ‬.‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
 ‫ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻔﺮﺿﻪ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻙ‬،‫ﺟﻮﺏ‬
‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻳﺮﻱ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺒﺮﺯﺍ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
questions
Q1: Who is Mr. Sleary?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻳﺮﻱ؟‬
A: He is the owner of a circus and believes
in imagination.
.‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﺮﻙ ﻭﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
---
Q2: What does Mr. Sleary think about imagination?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻳﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ؟‬
A: He believes imagination is important and valuable.
.‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﺫﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
---
Q3: How is Mr. Sleary different from Mr. Gradgrind?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻳﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: Mr. Sleary values emotions and imagination, while Mr. Gradgrind
focuses on facts.
‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻳﺮﻱ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
---
Q4: Who is Sissy Jupe?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ؟‬
A: She is a circus girl who is taken in
by Mr. Gradgrind for education.
.‫ﻫﻲ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﺳﻴﺮﻙ ﺗﻢ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
---
Q5: Why does Sissy struggle with Mr. Gradgrind’s education system?
‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻔﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: Because it is based only on facts and ignores
emotions and imagination.
.‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﻳﻬﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
---
Q6: What does Mr. Sleary teach about horsemanship?
 ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻳﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻞ؟‬
A: He teaches that it requires both skill and heart.
.‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
---
Q7: How does Mr. Sleary view education?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ؟‬
A: He believes education should include emotions and imagination, not
just facts.
‫ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬،‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
.‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
---
Q8: What lesson does Mr. Sleary give to Mr. Gradgrind?
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻳﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: That life needs both facts and imagination to be
full.
.‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
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Q9: How does Sissy feel about Mr. Gradgrind’s system?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: She feels out of place because it does not
allow for emotions or creativity.
‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﺃﻭ‬
.‫ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬
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Q10: What does Mr. Sleary think of Mr. Gradgrind’s approach
to education?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻳﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ؟‬
A: He disagrees with it, believing it is too rigid
and lacks heart.
.‫ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﺎﺭﻡ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬،‫ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﻪ‬
chapter 7
characters: Mrs. Sparsit/boundary/ Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gradgrind
In this chapter, we are introduced to Mrs. Sparsit, Mr.
Bounderby’s housekeeper. She is a former aristocrat who is proud
of her past and now works for Mr. Bounderby. Despite
‫‪her loyalty, she secretly resents him and looks down on‬‬
‫‪people from lower classes. Mrs. Sparsit has a keen interest‬‬
‫‪in Louisa’s life and is suspicious of her relationship with‬‬
‫‪Mr. Bounderby.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺑﺮﺓ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‪ .‬ﻫﻲ ﺃﺭﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﻔﺨﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﺿﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‪ .‬ﺭﻏﻢ ﻭﻻﺋﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﺮ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﺗﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻭﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻚ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪questions‬‬
‫?‪Q1: Who is Mrs. Sparsit‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ؟‬
‫‪A: She is Mr. Bounderby’s housekeeper.‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﺑﺮﺓ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q2: What is Mrs. Sparsit’s background‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ؟‬
‫‪A: She is a former aristocrat.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺃﺭﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q3: How does Mrs. Sparsit feel about Mr. Bounderby‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ؟‬
‫‪A: She is loyal to him, but secretly resents him.‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫‪Q4: What is Mrs. Sparsit’s opinion of people from lower‬‬
‫?‪classes‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ؟‬
‫‪A: She looks down on them.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫?‪Q5: Who does Mrs. Sparsit keep an eye on‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ؟‬
‫‪A: She keeps an eye on Louisa Gradgrind.‬‬
 .‫ﺗﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ‬
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Q6: Why does Mrs. Sparsit watch Louisa?
‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ؟‬
A: She is suspicious of Louisa’s relationship with Mr. Bounderby.
.‫ﻫﻲ ﺗﺸﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‬
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Q7: How does Mrs. Sparsit feel about her current life?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ؟‬
A: She is proud of her past but dissatisfied with
her current situation.
.‫ﺗﻔﺨﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﺿﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬
---
Q8: How does Mrs. Sparsit view her position in the
household?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ؟‬
A: She feels superior to others in the household.
.‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﻮﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ‬
---
Q9: What is Mrs. Sparsit’s role in the story?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬
A: She adds complexity to the story through her suspicions
and interactions with other characters.
.‫ﺗﻀﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﻘﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﻜﻮﻛﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
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Q10: How does Mrs. Sparsit contrast with other characters like
Sissy Jupe?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ؟‬
A: Mrs. Sparsit is cold and proud, while Sissy is
warm-hearted and emotional.
‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﺩﺍﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﺨﻮﺭﺓ‬
chapter 8
characters: Mr. Gradgrind/Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gradgrind/Sissy Jupe
In this chapter, Mr. Gradgrind continues to emphasize the importance
of facts in education. He discourages any form of wonder
or imagination. Louisa is still struggling with her emotions, and
Tom feels the pressure of his father's rigid system. The
chapter highlights the consequences of growing up in a strictly
fact-based environment where feelings and creativity are ignored.
‫ ﻳﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ‬.‫ ﻭﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﺃﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ ﻭﺗﻮﻡ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ‬،‫ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻳﺒﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﻧﺸﻮﺀ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﻘﻂ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺗﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬
questions
Q1: What does Mr. Gradgrind believe is most important in
education?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻷﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ؟‬
A: He believes facts are the most important.
.‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻫﻢ‬
---
Q2: How does Mr. Gradgrind feel about imagination?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ؟‬
A: He rejects imagination and considers it unnecessary.
.‫ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬
---
Q3: How does Louisa feel about her father's strict way
of teaching?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ؟‬
A: She feels trapped and struggles with her emotions.
.‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻭﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﺎ‬
---
Q4: What does Mr. Gradgrind discourage in his children?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺜﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻟﻪ؟‬
A: He discourages wonder, curiosity, and emotional thinking.
.‫ﻳﺜﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬
---
Q5: Why does Tom feel pressure in this chapter?
‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺗﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Because his father’s strict system focuses only on facts,
leaving no room for feelings.
‫ﻷﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ‬
.‫ﻣﺠﺎﻻ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬
---
Q6: How does Sissy Jupe feel in this fact-based environment?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ؟‬
A: She feels out of place and struggles to fit
in.
.‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
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Q7: What is the main theme of this chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The consequences of focusing only on facts and ignoring
emotions and imagination.
.‫ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺗﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
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Q8: How does Mr. Gradgrind view feelings and emotions?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ؟‬
A: He sees them as unnecessary and distracting.
.‫ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺘﺖ‬
---
Q9: What does Louisa wish for in this chapter?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: She wishes she could feel more freely and not
be controlled by her father’s rules.
‫ﺗﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎ‬
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Q10: How does the chapter reflect the struggles of the
characters?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ؟‬
A: It shows their struggles with emotions, imagination, and their
father’s rigid system.
.‫ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ‬
chapter 9
characters: Sissy Jupe/Mr. Gradgrind/ Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gradgrind/Mr. Bounderby
In this chapter, Sissy Jupe continues to struggle in Mr.
Gradgrind's strict, fact-based education system. She feels out of place
and unable to fit into the rigid structure. Despite her
challenges, she remains kind-hearted and emotional, which contrasts with the
cold, logical world around her. Mr. Gradgrind realizes that Sissy
is not thriving in his system and begins to see
the flaws in his approach
‫ ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻔﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ‬
‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻣﻊ‬،‫ ﺗﻈﻞ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺭﻏﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﺰﺩﻫﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﻧﻬﺠﻪ‬
questions
Q1: Who is Sissy Jupe?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ؟‬
A: Sissy Jupe is a circus girl who struggles with
the fact-based education system.
‫ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﺳﻴﺮﻙ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
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Q2: How does Sissy feel in Mr. Gradgrind’s education system?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻔﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: She feels out of place and struggles to fit
in.
.‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
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Q3: What is Sissy’s personality like?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻫﻲ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ؟‬
A: Sissy is kind-hearted, emotional, and imaginative.
.‫ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺧﻴﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
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Q4: How does Mr. Gradgrind view emotions?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ؟‬
A: He dismisses emotions and focuses only on facts.
.‫ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
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Q5: Why is Sissy not thriving in Mr. Gradgrind’s system?
‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺩﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: Because she is emotional and imaginative, which doesn't fit
in his fact-based approach.
‫ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻬﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬،‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺧﻴﺎﻝ‬
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
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Q6: What does Mr. Gradgrind realize about Sissy?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ؟‬
A: He realizes that Sissy is not succeeding in his
educational system.
.‫ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬
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Q7: How does Sissy contrast with the other students?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ؟‬
A: Sissy is emotional and imaginative, while the others focus
only on facts.
.‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺧﻴﺎﻝ‬
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Q8: What does this chapter show about the education system?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ؟‬
A: It shows the limitations of a system that ignores
emotions and imagination.
.‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
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Q9: What does Sissy bring to the story?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻀﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬
A: She adds warmth, emotion, and creativity, contrasting with the
cold logic around her.
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﺣﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻑﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬
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Q10: How does Sissy’s progress affect Mr. Gradgrind?
 ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: It makes him question his approach to education and
realize its flaws.
‫ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺸﻜﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﻋﻴﻮﺑﻪ‬
chapter 10
characters: Stephen Blackpool/Mr. Bounderby/ Mrs. Sparsit/ Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gra
In this chapter, Stephen Blackpool is introduced as a factory
worker who leads a difficult life. He is honest, hardworking,
and kind but is trapped in a troubled marriage. Despite
his efforts, Stephen is caught in the struggles of the
working class, feeling powerless against the harsh system of the
factory and his personal problems. Mr. Bounderby, his employer, is
unsympathetic to his situation. The chapter highlights the harsh realities
of the industrial working class.
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ ﻛﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬،‫ ﻭﻃﻴﺐ‬،‫ ﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ‬،‫ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬،‫ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻩ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻣﻀﻄﺮﺏ‬
‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬.‫ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
questions
Q1: Who is Stephen Blackpool?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ؟‬
A: Stephen Blackpool is a factory worker who is honest
and hardworking.
.‫ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﻭﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ‬
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Q2: What kind of life does Stephen lead?
‫ﺃﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻬﺎ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ؟‬
A: He leads a difficult life, facing personal and work-related
struggles.
.‫ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬
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Q3: What is Stephen's attitude towards work?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬
A: He is hardworking and tries to do his best
in his job.
.‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻳﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﺬﻝ ﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ‬
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Q4: What is Stephen's personal problem?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ؟‬
A: He is stuck in a troubled marriage.
.‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﻟﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻣﻀﻄﺮﺏ‬
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Q5: How does Mr. Bounderby treat Stephen?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ؟‬
A: Mr. Bounderby treats Stephen harshly and shows no sympathy
for him.
‫ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻘﺴﻮﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻒ‬
.‫ﻣﻌﻪ‬
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Q6: What does the chapter show about the working class?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ؟‬
A: It shows the difficult and unfair conditions faced by
the working class.
.‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
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Q7: What is Stephen's relationship with his coworkers?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﺰﻣﻼﺋﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬
A: Stephen is respected by his coworkers but is isolated
due to his personal problems.
.‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﺰﻭﻝ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻳﺤﺘﺮﻣﻪ ﺯﻣﻼﺅﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
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Q8: How does Stephen feel about his situation?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ؟‬
A: He feels trapped and powerless in his difficult situation.
.‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﻋﺎﺟﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ‬
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Q9: How does the chapter reflect social issues?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬
A: It highlights the struggles of the working class and
the lack of support from the rich.
.‫ﻳﺴﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ‬
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Q10: What message does the chapter convey about class differences?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ؟‬
A: The chapter shows the gap between the working class
and the wealthy, with little understanding or compassion.
‫ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬،‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳﺎﺀ‬
.‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ‬
chapter 11
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
characters: Stephen Blackpool /Mrs. Sparsit/Mr. Bounderby/Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gra
summary ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬
In this chapter, Stephen Blackpool feels trapped in his difficult
life, especially due to his troubled marriage. He sees no
way out of his personal struggles. Meanwhile, Mr. Bounderby and
Mrs. Sparsit continue their harsh treatment of the workers. Stephen
is caught between his personal problems and the cold, unfeeling
world around him, with no apparent solution in sight
‫ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ‬.‫ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻄﺮﺏ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺠﺪ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻘﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﻞ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﻓﻖ‬
questions ‫ﺍﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: What is Stephen Blackpool's main problem?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ؟‬
A: Stephen’s main problem is his troubled marriage and feeling
trapped in his life.
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻄﺮﺏ ﻭﺷﻌﻮﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬
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Q2: How does Stephen feel about his situation?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ؟‬
A: He feels trapped and believes there is no way
out of his problems.
.‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ‬
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Q3: Who treats the workers harshly in this chapter?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻘﺴﻮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Mr. Bounderby and Mrs. Sparsit treat the workers harshly.
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻘﺴﻮﺓ‬
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Q4: What does Stephen think about the system at work?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬
A: Stephen feels that the factory system is unfair and
oppressive.
.‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﻗﺎﺳﻲ‬
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Q5: How does Stephen try to cope with his problems?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ؟‬
A: He tries to remain patient and hardworking, but he
feels overwhelmed.
.‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﺭﻫﺎﻕ‬،‫ﻳﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺻﺒﻮﺭﺍ ﻭﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪﺍ‬
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Q6: What is the role of Mrs. Sparsit in this
chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Mrs. Sparsit observes the lives of others and enjoys
interfering in personal matters.
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
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Q7: Does Mr. Bounderby show sympathy towards Stephen?
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻔﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ؟‬
A: No, Mr. Bounderby is harsh and unsympathetic towards Stephen.
.‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ‬،‫ﻻ‬
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Q8: How does the chapter show the struggle of the
working class?
 ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ؟‬
A: It shows how the working class is oppressed, with
little hope for change or escape.
‫ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ‬،‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻀﻄﻬﺪﺓ‬
.‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻭﺏ‬
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Q9: What does Stephen want in his life?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ؟‬
A: Stephen wants peace and freedom from his personal troubles.
.‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
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Q10: Is there a solution to Stephen's problems in this
chapter?
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: No, Stephen sees no solution or way out of
his problems.
‫ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ‬،‫ﻻ‬
chapter 12
‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
characters: The Old Woman/Stephen Blackpool/ Mr. Bounderby/Mrs. Sparsit / Louisa
Gradgrind
summary ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬
In this chapter, Stephen Blackpool meets an old woman who
gives him some advice. She seems wise and understanding, offering
Stephen some comfort in his difficult situation. The chapter explores
themes of personal struggles and the idea of seeking guidance,
even from unexpected sources. Stephen continues to feel trapped in
his life and his troubled marriage, with little hope for
change.
‫ ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﺴﻨﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻪ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﻭﺗﻤﻨﺢ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﺣﻜﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻔﻬﻤﺔ‬.‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺋﺢ‬
‫ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬.‫ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ‬
‫ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ‬.‫ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ‬
‫ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻣﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻄﺮﺏ‬
questions ‫ﺍﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who is the old woman in the chapter?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻮﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: She is a mysterious, wise woman who gives advice
to Stephen.
.‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﻭﺣﻜﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﻟﺴﺘﻴﻔﻦ‬
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Q2: What advice does the old woman give to Stephen?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻮﺯ ﻟﺴﺘﻴﻔﻦ؟‬
A: She gives Stephen some comfort and wisdom about his
situation, although the exact advice is unclear.
‫ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ‬،‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﺴﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‬
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Q3: How does Stephen feel in this chapter?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Stephen feels trapped and burdened by his personal struggles.
.‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﻣﺜﻘﻞ ﺑﺼﺮﺍﻋﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
---
Q4: Does Stephen find a solution to his problems?
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﺠﺪ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺣﻼ ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ؟‬
A: No, Stephen still feels stuck with no clear solution
to his problems.
‫ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻖ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﻞ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬،‫ﻻ‬
.‫ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ‬
---
Q5: What is the role of the old woman in
the story?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻮﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬
A: The old woman offers Stephen comfort and some wisdom,
though her role is not fully explained.
‫ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻮﺯ ﻟﺴﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
.‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻔﺴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
---
Q6: How does the chapter explore the theme of personal
struggle?
 ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ؟‬
A: The chapter shows Stephen’s inner turmoil and his feeling
of being trapped in his life.
.‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺷﻌﻮﺭﻩ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬
---
Q7: Does Stephen feel any hope in this chapter?
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺃﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: No, Stephen feels hopeless and believes he has no
way out of his situation.
‫ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﻻ‬
.‫ﻭﺿﻌﻪ‬
---
Q8: What does the chapter suggest about seeking guidance?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ؟‬
A: The chapter suggests that seeking advice from unexpected sources,
like the old woman, can offer comfort.
،‫ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ‬،‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻮﺯ‬
---
Q9: How does the chapter show the harshness of Stephen’s
life?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻗﺴﻮﺓ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ؟‬
A: The chapter shows Stephen’s struggles with his personal life
and his feeling of being trapped without hope.
‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺷﻌﻮﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺼﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
.‫ﺃﻣﻞ‬
---
Q10: Does the old woman have a positive influence on
Stephen?
‫ﻫﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻮﺯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ؟‬
A: Yes, she provides him with comfort and some wisdom,
though it doesn’t solve his problems.
‫ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬،‫ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
.‫ﻻ ﻳﺤﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ‬
chapter 13
 ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
characters: Rochel/ Stephen blackpool/Mr bounderby/mrs. sparsit
summary ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬
In this chapter, Rachel is introduced as a compassionate and
kind-hearted woman who works at the factory. She shows great
care and sympathy toward Stephen Blackpool, who is going through
difficult times in his personal life. Rachel is one of
the few people who understand Stephen’s struggles and tries to
help him, providing him with emotional support. The chapter highlights
her kindness and the contrast between her warmth and the
coldness of other characters like Mr. Bounderby.
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺣﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ‬
‫ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺑﺄﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬،‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻮﻥ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻭﻳﺤﺎﻭﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ‬
‫ ﻳﺒﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻓﺌﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‬
questions ‫ﺍﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who is Rachel?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ؟‬
A: Rachel is a kind and compassionate woman who works
at the factory.
.‫ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺣﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ‬
---
Q2: How does Rachel feel about Stephen?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ؟‬
A: Rachel cares deeply for Stephen and shows him sympathy.
.‫ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﺗﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﻤﻖ ﻟﺴﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ‬
---
Q3: What is Stephen’s situation in this chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Stephen is struggling with personal problems, including his troubled
marriage.
.‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻄﺮﺏ‬،‫ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
---
 Q4: How does Rachel help Stephen?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ؟‬
A: Rachel offers emotional support and sympathy to Stephen.
.‫ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻟﺴﺘﻴﻔﻦ‬
---
Q5: What is the contrast between Rachel and Mr. Bounderby?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ؟‬
A: Rachel is kind and understanding, while Mr. Bounderby is
harsh and unsympathetic.
.‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ‬،‫ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻔﺎﻫﻤﺔ‬
---
Q6: Why is Rachel important to the story?
‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬
A: Rachel is one of the few characters who shows
kindness and sympathy to Stephen.
‫ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻈﻬﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻣﻊ‬
.‫ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ‬
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Q7: What role does the factory play in this chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The factory is where Rachel and Stephen work, and
it symbolizes their difficult lives.
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻭﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ‬
.‫ﻭﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ‬
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Q8: How does Rachel’s kindness affect Stephen?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻟﻄﻒ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ؟‬
A: Rachel’s kindness offers Stephen emotional comfort during his tough
times.
.‫ﻟﻄﻒ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﺴﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺭﺍﺣﺔ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺘﻪ‬
---
Q9: Is Rachel's life easy?
‫ﻫﻞ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ؟‬
A: No, Rachel faces difficulties, but she remains kind and
caring toward others.
 .‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺗﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬،‫ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺭﺍﺷﻴﻞ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻻ‬
---
Q10: What does this chapter say about human relationships?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ؟‬
A: It shows the importance of kindness, sympathy, and support
in human relationships.
‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
chapter 14
‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
characters: mr. bounderby/Stephen Blackpool/ Mrs sparsit/Louisia Gradgrind /Tom Gra
summary ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬
In this chapter, Mr. Bounderby, the wealthy factory owner, is
portrayed as the "Great Manufacturer" who takes pride in his
self-made success. He emphasizes the importance of hard work and
discipline, yet shows little empathy toward his workers. The chapter
highlights his arrogance and harsh attitude toward the working class,
as well as his attempts to manipulate others to maintain
his image of success.
‫ ﻳﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﺛﺮﻱ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
،‫ ﻳﺒﺮﺯ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻀﺒﺎﻁ‬.‫ﻳﻔﺎﺧﺮ ﺑﻨﺠﺎﺣﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻘﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ ﻳﺴﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻔﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻻﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬،‫ﻏﺮﻭﺭﻩ ﻭﻫﺪﻭﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ‬
questions ‫ﺍﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Q1: Who is the "Great Manufacturer"?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ "ﺻﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ"؟‬
A: Mr. Bounderby is called the "Great Manufacturer" because he
prides himself on his self-made success.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ "ﺻﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ" ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﻨﺠﺎﺣﻪ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻘﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
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Q2: How does Mr. Bounderby view himself?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ؟‬
A: He sees himself as a self-made man who has
succeeded through hard work and discipline.
 ‫ﻳﺮﻯ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻛﺮﺟﻞ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻧﺠﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻀﺒﺎﻁ‬
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Q3: How does Mr. Bounderby treat the workers?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ؟‬
A: He treats them harshly and has little empathy for
their struggles.
.‫ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻠﻬﻢ ﺑﻘﺴﻮﺓ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬
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Q4: What is Mr. Bounderby’s attitude toward the working class?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ؟‬
A: He looks down on the working class and believes
they should work harder and be more disciplined.
‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﺍ‬
.‫ﺑﺠﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﻀﺒﺎﻃﺎ‬
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Q5: What does Mr. Bounderby emphasize in this chapter?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: He emphasizes the importance of hard work, discipline, and
self-reliance.
.‫ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ‬
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Q6: What is Mr. Bounderby’s relationship with Louisa?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻳﺴﺎ؟‬
A: Mr. Bounderby is married to Louisa, but their marriage
is emotionally cold and unfulfilling.
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﺩ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ‬
.‫ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺽ‬
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Q7: How does Mr. Bounderby manipulate others?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ؟‬
A: He manipulates people to maintain his image as a
successful and self-made man.
.‫ﻳﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﻛﺈﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺟﺢ ﻭﺻﺎﻧﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
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Q8: Does Mr. Bounderby show any kindness?
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺃﻱ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ؟‬
A: No, Mr. Bounderby is portrayed as harsh and lacks
empathy for others.
‫ ﻳﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ‬،‫ﻻ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
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Q9: What does this chapter reveal about Mr. Bounderby’s character?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ؟‬
A: It reveals his arrogance, lack of empathy, and harsh
view of the working class.
.‫ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬،‫ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻔﻪ‬،‫ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻏﺮﻭﺭﻩ‬
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Q10: How does the chapter reflect the theme of social
class?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬
A: The chapter shows the divide between the wealthy (like
Mr. Bounderby) and the working class, highlighting inequality.
‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ( ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﺮﺯ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
chapter 15
‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
characters: Gradgrind /Louisa/Tom/bounderby
summary ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬
In this chapter, Mr. Gradgrind has a conversation with his
daughter Louisa. He is concerned about her emotional state and
tries to impose his strict views on her, believing that
she should follow the same logical, fact-based approach to life
that he does. Louisa, however, feels trapped in her marriage
to Mr. Bounderby and reveals her inner turmoil. Despite her
emotional struggles, Mr. Gradgrind continues to focus on facts, showing
a lack of understanding of her feelings.
.‫ ﻳﺠﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
،‫ﻫﻮ ﻗﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺁﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻫﻮ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻭﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺌﻠﺔ ‪questions‬‬
‫‪Q1: Who does Mr. Gradgrind have a conversation with in‬‬
‫?‪this chapter‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺠﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
‫‪A: Mr. Gradgrind has a conversation with his daughter, Louisa.‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ‪.‬‬
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‫?‪Q2: What is Mr. Gradgrind concerned about‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
‫‪A: He is concerned about Louisa’s emotional state and well-being.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻗﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫?‪Q3: How does Mr. Gradgrind view life‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ؟‬
‫‪A: He views life in a very logical, fact-based way,‬‬
‫‪focusing only on what is practical.‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
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‫?‪Q4: What does Mr. Gradgrind try to impose on Louisa‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﺿﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ؟‬
‫‪A: He tries to impose his strict, fact-based approach to‬‬
‫‪life on her.‬‬
‫ﻳﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻧﻬﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
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‫‪Q5: How does Louisa feel about her marriage to Mr.‬‬
‫?‪Bounderby‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ؟‬
‫‪A: She feels trapped and emotionally unsatisfied in her marriage.‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
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Q6: What does Louisa reveal to her father?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎ؟‬
A: She reveals her inner turmoil and emotional struggles.
.‫ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ‬
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Q7: How does Mr. Gradgrind respond to Louisa’s feelings?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ؟‬
A: He ignores her emotions and continues to focus on
logic and facts.
.‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
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Q8: What does this chapter show about Mr. Gradgrind’s character?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: It shows that he is rigid, unemotional, and unable
to understand feelings.
.‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﺎﺭﻡ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬
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Q9: What does Louisa struggle with in this chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Louisa struggles with her emotions, her marriage, and her
father’s coldness.
.‫ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺴﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎ‬
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Q10: What is the main theme of this chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The main theme is the conflict between emotion and
logic, and the lack of emotional understanding in Mr. Gradgrind’s
worldview.
‫ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ‬
.‫ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
chapter 16
characters: mr. Gradgrind /mr.bounderby/Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gradgrind /sissy Jupe
summary
In this chapter, the relationship between Louisa and her husband,
Mr. Bounderby, is explored. Louisa feels trapped and emotionally unsatisfied
 in her marriage. Mr. Bounderby, on the other hand, is
oblivious to her feelings and remains proud and self-centered. Their
marriage is cold and distant, with no real emotional connection.
Louisa begins to realize that her life has been shaped
by others' decisions, and she struggles with her feelings of
emptiness.
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‬
‫ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﺭﻙ‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬.‫ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬.‫ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﻈﻞ ﻣﻐﺮﻭﺭﺍ ﻭﺃﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ‬.‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬
.‫ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ‬،‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
questions
Q1: Who is Louisa married to in this chapter?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Louisa is married to Mr. Bounderby.
.‫ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻣﺘﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‬
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Q2: How does Louisa feel in her marriage?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎ؟‬
A: Louisa feels trapped and emotionally unsatisfied.
.‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺎ‬
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Q3: How does Mr. Bounderby treat Louisa?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ؟‬
A: Mr. Bounderby is proud and self-centered, ignoring Louisa’s feelings.
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﺮﻭﺭ ﻭﺃﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﻳﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ‬
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Q4: Does Mr. Bounderby understand Louisa’s emotions?
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ؟‬
A: No, Mr. Bounderby does not understand Louisa’s emotions.
.‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ‬،‫ﻻ‬
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Q5: What kind of relationship do Louisa and Mr. Bounderby
have?
 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ؟‬
A: Their relationship is cold and distant, without emotional connection.
.‫ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬،‫ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ‬
---
Q6: What does Louisa realize about her life in this
chapter?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﺪﺭﻙ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Louisa realizes that her life has been shaped by
others' decisions.
‫ﺗﺪﺭﻙ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
.‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
---
Q7: How does Louisa feel about her life in this
chapter?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Louisa feels empty and struggles with her emotions.
.‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﺎ‬
---
Q8: How does Mr. Bounderby view the marriage?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ؟‬
A: Mr. Bounderby sees the marriage in a very practical
way, without emotional concern.
‫ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬،‫ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ‬
.‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬
---
Q9: What is the main conflict in this chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The main conflict is Louisa’s emotional dissatisfaction with her
marriage to Mr. Bounderby.
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﺿﺎ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‬
---
Q10: How does this chapter show the theme of emotional
disconnect?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ؟‬
A: The chapter shows the emotional disconnect through Louisa’s feelings
of emptiness and Mr. Bounderby’s lack of empathy.
‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ‬
.‫ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻱ‬
questions
Q1: What is the main focus of the chapter?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Education and facts.
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
---
Q2: Who is Mr. Gradgrind?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: A strict schoolmaster who values facts.
.‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺻﺎﺭﻡ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
---
Q3: What is the teaching method used by Mr. Gradgrind?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: He focuses only on facts and rejects imagination.
.‫ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
---
Q4: Who are the two students introduced in this chapter?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: Sissy Jupe and Bitzer.
.‫ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺰﺭ‬
---
Q5: What is the contrast between Sissy Jupe and Bitzer?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺰﺭ؟‬
A: Sissy is imaginative and emotional, while Bitzer is factual
and lifeless.
‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﺘﺰﺭ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
---
Q6: What is the "one thing needful" according to Mr.
Gradgrind?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ" ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ؟‬
A: Facts are the only thing needed in life.
.‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
---
Q7: What does the chapter criticize?
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The focus on facts over emotions and creativity in
education.
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
---
Q8: How does Mr. Gradgrind address the students?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ؟‬
A: He speaks in a cold and authoritarian manner.
.‫ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬
---
Q9: What example does Mr. Gradgrind use to teach facts?
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ؟‬
A: He asks Sissy Jupe to define a horse using
facts only.
.‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
---
Q10: What theme does this chapter introduce?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
A: The conflict between fact and imagination.
.‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻝ‬
BOOK THE SECOND(REAPING)
"‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ "ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﺼﻴﺒﺔ" ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺯﺭﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﺍﺩﺟﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬،‫ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬.‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
.‫ ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ‬،‫ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﻭﺗﻮﻡ‬
The second book of Charles Dickens' "Hard Times" titled "Reaping"
deals with the consequences of the ideas and principles Mr.
Gradgrind planted in the first book. We see how these
ideas affect the lives of the characters, especially Louisa and
Tom, and problems begin to emerge as a result of
this strict upbringing.
What does the title of the second book of the
novel refer to?
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ "ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﺼﻴﺒﺔ" ﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺯﺭﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﺟﺮﺍﺩﺟﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
.‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻭﺻﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ‬
The title "Reaping" in the second book of Charles Dickens'
"Hard Times" refers to reaping the results of the ideas
and principles Mr. Gradgrind planted in the first book. We
see how these ideas affect the characters' lives, leading to
problems and conflicts.
chapter 1
characters:Mrs. Sparsit/Bitzer/Tom Gradgrind/Mr. Bounderby
summary
"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ "ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬،‫ﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺒﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ‬.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬
.‫ ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬
In the first chapter, "Effects in the Bank," of the
second book, Reaping, in Hard Times, the story highlights the
cold and rigid policies of Mr. Bounderby, the bank's owner.
It reveals the impact of these policies on workers and
society, emphasizing the social injustice and widening class divide.
questions
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Who is the main character in the chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ‬
Mr. Bounderby.
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2
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ؟‬
What does Mr. Bounderby manage?
.‫ﻳﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﻜﺎ ﻭﻣﺼﻨﻌﺎ‬
He manages a bank and a factory.
---
3
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What is the main issue in the chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
Social injustice.
---
4
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ؟‬
How does Bounderby treat the workers?
.‫ﺑﻘﺴﺎﻭﺓ ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻒ‬
Harshly and without empathy.
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5
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What is the relationship between social classes in the chapter?
.‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺠﻮﺓ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ‬
There is a large gap between the rich and the
poor.
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6
‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Who suffers the most in the chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
The workers.
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7
‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻄﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ؟‬
What kind of policies does Bounderby enforce?
.‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﺎﻓﺔ‬
Harsh and rigid policies.
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8
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What is the lesson from the chapter?
 .‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ‬
Social justice is essential.
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9
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎﻝ؟‬
Is there any hope for the workers?
.‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻡ‬
Very little or none.
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10
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺜﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What emotions does the chapter evoke?
.‫ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ‬
Anger at injustice and sympathy for the poor.
chapter 2
characters:Hearthouse /bounderby/Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gradgrind
summary
،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﻫﺎﺭﺗﻬﻮﺱ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﻫﺎﺭﺗﻬﻮﺱ ﻛﺸﺨﺺ ﺃﺭﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﻝ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺔ‬
،‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ‬،‫ ﻳﻨﻀﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ ﻟﻴﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺿﻌﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬
In Chapter Two, "Mr. James Harthouse," of the second book,
Reaping, James Harthouse is introduced as an indifferent aristocrat seeking
pleasure and personal gain. He joins Bounderby’s circle to uncover
family secrets, particularly targeting Louisa, whom he begins to emotionally
manipulate.
questions
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Who is the new character introduced in the chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﻫﺎﺭﺗﻬﻮﺱ‬
Mr. James Harthouse.
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2
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ؟‬
What is James’s social class?
 .‫ﺍﻷﺭﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ‬
The aristocracy.
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3
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﻫﺎﺭﺗﻬﻮﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬
What is James Harthouse's goal in the story?
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
To seek pleasure and personal gain.
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4
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ؟‬
How does James enter Bounderby’s family circle?
.‫ﻳﻨﻀﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ‬
He joins Bounderby’s political circle.
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5
‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؟‬
Who does James focus his attention on?
.‫ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ‬
Louisa.
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6
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﻣﻊ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ؟‬
How does James treat Louisa?
.‫ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻞ ﺿﻌﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬
He manipulates her emotional vulnerability.
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7
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﻛﺸﺨﺺ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ؟‬
Does James appear as an honest person?
.‫ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻼﻋﺐ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, he is manipulative.
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8
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻴﻤﺲ ﻫﺎﺭﺗﻬﻮﺱ؟‬
 What is James Harthouse’s main trait?
.‫ﺍﻟﻼﻣﺒﺎﻻﺓ‬
Indifference.
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9
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﻄﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻪ ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ؟‬
What impression does James leave on Louisa?
.‫ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻙ‬
He makes her feel conflicted and confused.
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10
‫ﻣﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬
What is the importance of this chapter in the story?
.‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ‬
It introduces emotional tension in Louisa’s life.
chapter 3
characters:hearthouse /Louisa Gradgrind/tom Gradgrind
summary
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ "ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺢ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﺸﺨﺺ ﺃﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ‬،‫ ﺷﻘﻴﻖ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻡ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﺮﺯ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ‬،‫ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻜﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬
In Chapter Three, "The Whelp," of the second book, Reaping,
the focus is on Tom, Louisa's brother, who is portrayed
as selfish and irresponsible. He prioritizes his personal gain over
others, highlighting his moral weakness and his role in worsening
the troubles around him.
questions
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Who is the main character in this chapter?
.‫ﺗﻮﻡ ﺷﻘﻴﻖ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ‬
Tom, Louisa's brother.
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2
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﻡ؟‬
How is Tom's character portrayed?
.‫ﻛﺸﺨﺺ ﺃﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ‬
As selfish and irresponsible.
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3
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺘﻮﻡ؟‬
What is Tom's main goal?
.‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻜﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
To achieve personal gain.
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4
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ؟‬
How does Tom affect others?
.‫ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻠﻬﻢ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻪ‬
He exploits them for his goals.
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5
‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺗﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ؟‬
What is Tom's moral weakness?
.‫ﺍﻷﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
Selfishness and lack of responsibility.
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6
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What is the relationship between Tom and Louisa in this
chapter?
.‫ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻡ‬
Louisa feels frustrated with Tom.
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7
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺗﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺋﻪ؟‬
Does Tom learn from his mistakes?
.‫ ﻳﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, he continues his selfish behavior.
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8
‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬
What is the impact of Tom's actions on the story?
.‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬
He worsens the troubles.
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9
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﻡ؟‬
What is the lesson from Tom's character?
.‫ﺍﻷﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ‬
Selfishness leads to failure.
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10
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺜﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ؟‬
What emotions does Tom evoke in the reader?
.‫ﺍﻹﺣﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ‬
Frustration and anger.
chapter 4
characters:stephen blackpool /slackbridge/the workers
summary
‫ ﻳﺒﺮﺯ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ "ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺧﻮﺓ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮ‬،‫ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺰﻳﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻣﻼﺋﻪ‬
.‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﺀ‬
In Chapter Four, "Men and Brothers," of the second book,
Reaping, the class struggle between the rich and the workers
is highlighted. Stephen Blackpool, a poor worker, faces more injustice
and is asked to take a stand against his fellow
workers, revealing the tension between social justice and loyalty.
questions
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What is the main theme of this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
The class struggle between the rich and the workers.
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2
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟‬
Who is the worker focused on?
.‫ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ‬
Stephen Blackpool.
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3
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ؟‬
What is Stephen asked to do?
.‫ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻣﻼﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
To take a stand against his fellow workers.
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4
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﺿﺮﺍﺏ؟‬
Does Stephen agree to join the strike?
.‫ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, he refuses.
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5
‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﺿﺮﺍﺏ؟‬
What is Stephen’s stance on the strike?
.‫ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻈﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻃﻔﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
He refuses but remains sympathetic to the workers.
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6
‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ؟‬
What kind of injustice does Stephen face?
.‫ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬،‫ﻳﻨﺒﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
He is shunned by both the rich and the workers.
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7
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬
How does the chapter show social tensions?
.‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﺀ‬
Through the conflict between justice and loyalty.
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8
‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻤﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
How does the title relate to the chapter’s content?
.‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬
It refers to the relationship between classes and shared humanity.
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9
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ؟‬
How does Bounderby treat the workers?
.‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻗﺴﻮﺓ‬
With disdain and harshness.
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10
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What message does the chapter convey?
.‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
The necessity of achieving social justice.
chapter 5
characters:stephen blackpool /bounderby
summary
‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ "ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺓ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺗﺮﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺃﻭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬
.‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺴﻮﺗﻬﻢ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻔﻬﻢ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
In Chapter Five, "Men and Masters," of the second book,
Reaping, the chapter highlights the tense relationship between workers and
employers. The gap between social classes grows, showing that workers
lack power or the ability to change, while employers show
cruelty and indifference.
questions
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What is the main theme of this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
The conflict between workers and employers.
---
2
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺮﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What stands out in the relationship between classes in this
chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
The large gap between workers and employers.
---
3
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ؟‬
How do employers treat the workers?
.‫ﺑﻘﺴﻮﺓ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻒ‬
With cruelty and indifference.
---
4
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﻈﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Who is the person facing injustice in this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
The workers.
---
5
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What do the workers lack in the chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
Power and the ability to change.
---
6
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
How are the employers portrayed in this chapter?
.‫ﻛﺄﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻗﺴﺎﺓ‬
As harsh individuals.
---
7
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What feeling do the workers express in the chapter?
.‫ﺍﻹﺣﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﺰ‬
Frustration and helplessness.
---
8
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺴﻦ؟‬
Do the workers believe they have a chance to improve?
.‫ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭﻥ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, they do not believe so.
---
9
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What lesson can be learned from this chapter?
.‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬
The importance of justice and equality between classes.
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10
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬
How does this chapter affect the plot?
.‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
It increases the tension between social classes.
chapter 6
characters:Stephen Blackpool/Rachael/Mrs. pigler /Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gradgrind
summary
‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ "ﺍﻟﺬﻭﺑﺎﻥ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ‬.‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻬﺪﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺰﻥ‬
In Chapter Six, "Fading Away," of the second book, Reaping,
Louisa’s character shows a decline as she becomes more emotionally
empty. After her marriage to Bounderby, she feels lonely and
sad, reflecting her loss of purpose and meaning in life.
questions
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What is the main title of this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﺬﻭﺑﺎﻥ‬
Fading Away.
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2
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Who is the focus of this chapter?
.‫ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ‬
Louisa.
---
3
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
How does Louisa feel in this chapter?
.‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬
She feels empty and lonely.
---
4
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ؟‬
What happens in Louisa’s life after her marriage to Bounderby?
.‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺰﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬
She feels sadness and emotional emptiness.
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5
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺠﺪ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﻫﺪﻓﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ؟‬
Does Louisa find a purpose in her life?
.‫ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻘﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, she has lost her purpose.
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6
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﺎ؟‬
How does Louisa’s marriage affect her emotions?
.‫ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺰﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻤﻴﺶ‬
It makes her feel sad and neglected.
---
7
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What is Louisa's mental state in this chapter?
 .‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬
A state of emotional decline.
---
8
‫ﻫﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻳﺰﺍ؟‬
Is there any hope for Louisa in this chapter?
.‫ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﺮﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻥ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, she seems to be sinking into sadness.
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9
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ؟‬
How does this chapter affect the story overall?
.‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ‬
It increases the emotional tension in Louisa’s life.
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10
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What lesson can be learned from this chapter?
.‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
The importance of seeking meaning and purpose in life.
chapter 7
characters:Louisa /Tom/sparsit
summary
‫ ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ "ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﺪ‬.‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺨﻄﻂ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻬﻮﻥ‬،‫ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
.‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
In Chapter Seven, "Gunpowder," of the second book, Reaping, tensions
rise between the characters. This chapter shows how anger and
revenge can build up over time, as some characters plan
revenge or face tough decisions that lead to unexpected consequences.
questions
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ؟‬
What is the title of Chapter Seven?
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ‬
Gunpowder.
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2
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What happens in this chapter?
.‫ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
Tensions rise between the characters.
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3
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
How does anger appear in this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﻄﻂ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ‬
Anger builds up, leading to plans for revenge.
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4
‫ﻫﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺗﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ؟‬
Is there a character planning revenge?
.‫ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ‬،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
Yes, some characters are planning revenge.
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5
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ؟‬
How do the tensions affect the characters?
.‫ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
They lead to tough decisions and unexpected outcomes.
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6
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What are the expected consequences in the chapter?
.‫ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ‬
Negative consequences due to anger and revenge.
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7
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻞ؟‬
Can the tensions lead to a resolution?
 .‫ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺤﻞ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, the tensions seem to increase rather than resolve.
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8
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻬﻴﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What feeling dominates the chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ‬
Anger and revenge.
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9
‫ﻫﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻱ ﻟﺤﻈﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﺩﺋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Are there any quiet moments in the chapter?
.‫ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, the chapter is filled with tension.
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10
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What lesson can be learned from this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
Anger can lead to unexpected results.
chapter 8
characters:Louisa /Tom/sparsit
summary
‫ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ "ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬.‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﺭﻭﺗﻪ‬
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬،‫ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺮﻯ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ‬،‫ﺟﻠﻲ‬
In Chapter Eight, "Explosion," of the second book, Reaping, the
tension reaches its peak. Unexpected actions lead to an emotional
or physical outburst between the characters, where the consequences of
anger and revenge become clear, changing the course of events
unexpectedly.
questions
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ؟‬
What is the title of Chapter Eight?
 .‫ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‬
Explosion.
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2
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What happens in this chapter?
.‫ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﺭﻭﺗﻪ ﻭﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬
Tension reaches its peak, and an emotional explosion occurs.
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3
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
How do the tensions affect the chapter?
.‫ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
They lead to unexpected actions.
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4
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ؟‬
What are the consequences of the explosion?
.‫ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ‬
The course of events changes unexpectedly.
---
5
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Which character is most affected in this chapter?
.‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬
Many characters are affected, but Louisa stands out.
---
6
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Is anger and revenge shown in this chapter?
.‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
Yes, they are clearly shown in the characters' actions.
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7
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ؟‬
How do the characters change after the explosion?
.‫ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻬﻢ‬
Their behavior changes, and they begin to face the consequences
of their actions.
---
8
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Can the tensions be stopped in this chapter?
.‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﺘﻔﺎﻗﻢ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, the tensions increase and escalate.
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9
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What feeling dominates the chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬
Anger and tension.
---
10
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What lesson can be learned from this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
Anger and revenge can lead to sudden and unexpected changes.
chapter 9
characters:Louisa /Tom/sparsit
summary
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ "ﺳﻤﺎﻉ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬،"‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ ﻭﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻬﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬،‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
In Chapter Nine, "Hearing the Last of It," of the
second book, Reaping, the focus is on the consequences of
past events. Characters begin to face the outcomes of their
actions, with some feeling regret or directly confronting the consequences,
highlighting the impact of their actions on their lives.
questions
 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ؟‬
What is the title of Chapter Nine?
.‫ﺳﻤﺎﻉ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
Hearing the Last of It.
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2
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What happens in this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
The characters face the consequences of their past actions.
---
3
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
How do some characters feel in this chapter?
.‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﻡ‬
They feel regret.
---
4
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Are all the problems solved in this chapter?
.‫ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, some consequences remain unresolved.
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5
‫ﻫﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ؟‬
Do any characters face direct consequences?
.‫ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
Yes, the characters begin to face the consequences directly.
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6
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ؟‬
How do the characters' actions affect their lives?
.‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻬﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬
They have a significant impact, as they face negative results.
---
7
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Do the characters feel hopeful in this chapter?
.‫ ﻳﺸﻌﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, they feel regret and anxiety.
---
8
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What lesson do the characters learn in this chapter?
.‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻬﻢ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬
Their actions have major consequences.
---
9
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Do the characters change in this chapter?
.‫ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
Yes, some characters begin to reflect on their actions.
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10
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
How are the characters' feelings portrayed in this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ‬
The feelings are filled with regret and anxiety.
chapter 10
characters:sparsit /Tom
summary
،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ "ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
.‫ﻳﺒﺮﺯ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
.‫ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ‬،‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬
In Chapter Ten, "Mrs. Sparsit's Staircase," of the second book,
Reaping, the character of Mrs. Sparsit is highlighted as she
tries to manipulate various situations to her advantage. This chapter
shows how Mrs. Sparsit uses her social position to improve
her status and exploits circumstances to control situations.
questions
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ؟‬
What is the title of Chapter Ten?
.‫ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ‬
Mrs. Sparsit's Staircase.
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2
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Who is the main character in this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ‬
Mrs. Sparsit.
---
3
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What does Mrs. Sparsit try to do in this chapter?
.‫ﺗﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻬﺎ‬
She tries to manipulate situations to her advantage.
---
4
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ؟‬
How does Mrs. Sparsit use her social position?
.‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺮﺽ ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺗﻬﺎ‬
To improve her status and assert control.
---
5
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ؟‬
What goal is Mrs. Sparsit trying to achieve?
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻬﺎ‬
To control situations for her benefit.
---
6
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ؟‬
Does Mrs. Sparsit feel comfortable in her position?
.‫ ﻫﻲ ﺗﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ‬،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
Yes, she tries to make the most of it.
---
7
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ؟‬
What method does Mrs. Sparsit use to achieve her goals?
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ‬
Manipulation and clever planning.
---
8
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻨﺠﺢ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ؟‬
Does Mrs. Sparsit succeed in what she does?
.‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‬،‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬
Not completely, but she keeps trying.
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9
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻜﺸﻔﻪ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﺒﺎﺭﺳﻴﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ؟‬
What do Mrs. Sparsit’s actions reveal about her personality?
.‫ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻭﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
She seeks control and aims for her own benefit.
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10
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What lesson can be learned from this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
Manipulating situations can lead to unexpected results.
chapter 11
characters:Louisa /Tom
summary
،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ "ﺃﻗﻞ ﻭﺃﻗﻞ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ ﺗﺘﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬.‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺄﺱ‬
In Chapter Eleven, "Lower and Lower," of the second book,
Reaping, the decline in the lives of some characters is
highlighted. Their circumstances worsen gradually, and some feel hopeless, reflecting
the impact of bad choices on their lives.
questions
 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ؟‬
What is the title of Chapter Eleven?
.‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﻭﺃﻗﻞ‬
Lower and Lower.
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2
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What happens in this chapter?
.‫ﺗﺘﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻴﺎ‬
The lives of some characters decline gradually.
---
3
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
How do the characters feel in this chapter?
.‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭ‬
They feel hopeless and broken.
---
4
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What is the impact of bad decisions in this chapter?
.‫ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
They lead to the decline of the characters' lives.
---
5
‫ﻫﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Is there hope in this chapter?
.‫ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, hope seems distant.
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6
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Which character is most affected in this chapter?
.‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬
Many characters are affected, especially Louisa.
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7
‫ﻫﻞ ﺗﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻷﻱ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Do things improve for any character in this chapter?
.‫ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺳﻮﺀﺍ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, things get worse for everyone.
---
8
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ؟‬
How does this chapter reflect the impact of decisions on
life?
.‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ‬
It shows how bad decisions can lead to failure.
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9
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What feeling dominates this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺒﺎﻁ‬
Hopelessness and frustration.
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10
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What lesson can be learned from this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
Bad decisions can lead to the decline of life.
chapter 12
characters:Louisa /Tom
summary
‫ ﺗﺘﺪﻫﻮﺭ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ "ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ" ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬.‫ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬
‫ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬
In Chapter Twelve, "Down," of the second book, Reaping, the
situation worsens significantly. Many characters feel a decline in their
personal and professional lives. This chapter reflects the consequences of
their wrong decisions and shows that the decline is unstoppable.
questions
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
How are the circumstances described in this chapter?
.‫ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺗﺘﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅ‬
The circumstances worsen significantly.
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2
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻜﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ؟‬
What does the chapter reflect for the characters?
.‫ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬
It reflects the decline in their personal and professional lives.
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3
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What do the characters feel in this chapter?
.‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺒﺎﻁ‬
They feel a decline and frustration.
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4
‫ﻫﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Is there hope in this chapter?
.‫ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﺿﺌﻴﻞ ﺟﺪﺍ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, hope is very limited.
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5
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ؟‬
How do the characters' decisions affect their lives?
.‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺗﻬﻢ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻋﻬﻢ‬
Their decisions lead to the deterioration of their situations.
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6
‫ﻫﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Can the situation improve in this chapter?
.‫ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺳﻮﺀﺍ‬،‫ﻻ‬
No, the situation gets worse.
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7
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬
How does this chapter affect the story’s progression?
.‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
It increases tension and pressure on the characters.
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8
‫ﻫﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻟﺤﻈﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
Are there moments of regret in this chapter?
.‫ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﻡ‬،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
Yes, some characters feel regret.
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9
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻫﻮﺭ؟‬
How do the characters face this decline?
.‫ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻬﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺰﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ‬
They face it with sadness and hopelessness.
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10
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬
What lesson can be learned from this chapter?
.‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
Bad decisions lead to the deterioration of life.
BOOK THE THIRD (GARNERING)
‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻧﺪ‬.‫ ﺗﺘﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ‬
‫ ﻭﻟﻮﻳﺰﺍ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ‬
‫ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺟﻮﺏ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ ﺗﻮﻡ ﻳﺘﻮﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
In this part, tensions rise among the main characters. Mr.
Gradgrind realizes his mistakes in raising his children, and Louisa
faces significant challenges in her marriage. Tom gets involved in
legal troubles, and Sissy Jupe continues to spread love and
hope among the family members.
What does the title of the third book of the
novel refer to?
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬
،‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ "ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ" ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
The title of the third book, Garnering, refers to gathering
the results of the characters' actions, whether good or bad,
as they face the consequences of their past decisions.
chapter 1
characters:Mr. Gradgrind/Louisa Gradgrind/Tom Gradgrind/Sissy Jupe
summary
‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺷﻲﺀ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ" ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
The first chapter, "Another Thing Needful," highlights the importance of
gardening as a vital element to improve life in a
harsh industrial city, emphasizing the need to restore balance between
nature and industry.
questions
Q: What is the title of the chapter?
A: The title of the chapter is "Another Thing Needful."
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
."‫ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻮ "ﺷﻲﺀ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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2.
Q: What is the main theme of the chapter?
A: The main theme is the importance of gardening and
nature to improve life in the industrial society.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
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3.
Q: What need does the chapter discuss?
A: The chapter discusses the need for balance between nature
and industry.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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4.
Q: How is the industrial society depicted in the chapter?
A: The industrial society is depicted as harsh and disconnected
from nature.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻘﺎﺱ ﻭﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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5.
Q: What role does gardening play in the chapter?
A: Gardening is portrayed as a source of comfort and
psychological renewal.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺗﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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6.
Q: Why is nature considered essential in the chapter?
A: Nature is essential because it restores balance and peace
to life.
‫ ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺪﻭﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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7.
Q: What solution does the chapter propose?
A: The chapter proposes gardening as a way to improve
people’s lives.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺣﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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8.
Q: How do people react to the idea of gardening?
A: People see it as a positive change for their
lives.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻊ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺮﻭﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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9.
Q: What does the chapter emphasize about industrial life?
A: It emphasizes the emptiness and stress of industrial life
without nature.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﻭﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
10.
Q: How does the chapter reflect Dickens’ view on society?
A: It reflects his belief that reconnecting with nature can
heal societal problems.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻠﺢ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
chapter 2
characters:Gradgrind /Louisa/Tom/sissy
summary
‫ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺳﺨﻴﻒ ﺟﺪﺍ‬
‫ ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬،‫ﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬
.‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺻﺮﺍ ﻭﻣﻐﻠﻮﻃﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
In the second chapter, "Very Ridiculous," Dickens critiques the attitudes
of characters who dismiss the value of nature and gardening,
highlighting their limited and misguided perspective on improving life.
questions
Q: What is the title of the chapter?
A: The title is "Very Ridiculous."
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
."‫ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻮ "ﺳﺨﻴﻒ ﺟﺪﺍ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
2.
Q: What does the chapter criticize?
A: It criticizes dismissive attitudes toward gardening and nature.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
3.
Q: How do some characters view gardening?
A: They see it as unnecessary and foolish.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺮﻭﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺳﺨﻴﻔﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
4.
Q: What is Dickens’ message in the chapter?
A: He shows the importance of valuing nature for a
better life.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
5.
Q: How does the title reflect the content?
A: It reflects the ridicule of valuable ideas like gardening.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
6.
Q: What does the chapter suggest about industrial society?
A: It suggests that industrial society neglects nature.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻳﻬﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
7.
Q: How does nature relate to happiness in the chapter?
A: Nature is shown as essential for true happiness.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
8.
Q: What behavior does Dickens ridicule?
A: He ridicules those who reject simple, meaningful solutions like
gardening.
‫ ﺃﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﻳﺴﺨﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺴﺨﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺮﻓﻀﻮﻥ ﺣﻠﻮﻻ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻭﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
9.
Q: How does the chapter connect to the theme of
the book?
A: It reinforces the need for balance between industry and
nature.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
10.
Q: What does the chapter say about progress?
A: True progress includes caring for nature.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
chapter 3
characters:Gradgrind /Louisa/Tom/sissy
summary
‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﺨﺬ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺣﺎﺳﻢ ﺟﺪﺍ‬
‫ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬.‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺻﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
.‫ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
In the third chapter, "Very Decided," Dickens portrays characters taking
firm stances on social issues and nature. He emphasizes the
importance of decisive actions to balance industry and nature.
questions
Q: What is the title of the chapter?
A: The title is "Very Decided."
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
."‫ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻮ "ﺣﺎﺳﻢ ﺟﺪﺍ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
2.
Q: What does the chapter focus on?
A: It focuses on firm decisions about nature and society.
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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3.
Q: How are the characters presented?
A: They are shown as taking strong stances.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺘﺨﺬ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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4.
Q: What does the chapter say about decisions?
A: It highlights the need for decisive actions.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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5.
Q: How does the chapter relate to gardening?
A: It ties gardening to broader social change.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻊ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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6.
Q: What is the attitude toward industrial society?
A: It criticizes its neglect of nature.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪ ﺇﻫﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
7.
Q: What does the chapter emphasize about nature?
A: Nature needs to be prioritized in decision-making.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
8.
Q: What is Dickens’ message in this chapter?
A: Firm decisions can lead to a balance between industry
and nature.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
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9.
Q: How does the title reflect the chapter’s theme?
A: It reflects the importance of being decisive.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺤﺰﻡ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
10.
Q: What solution does the chapter suggest for social issues?
A: It suggests reconnecting with nature through decisive actions.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺣﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
chapter 4
characters:Gradgrind /Louisa/Tom/sissy
summary
‫ ﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺿﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ ﻣﺆﻛﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺗﻪ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
.‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﻨﺔ‬
In the fourth chapter, "Lost," Dickens explores the characters' sense
of being lost in the industrial society, emphasizing the loss
of connection with nature and the need to restore it
for balance and peace.
questions
Q: What is the title of the chapter?
A: The title is "Lost."
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
."‫ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻮ "ﺿﺎﺋﻊ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
2.
Q: What is the main theme of the chapter?
A: The theme is feeling lost in industrial society.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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3.
Q: What does the chapter say about nature?
A: It highlights the loss of connection with nature.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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4.
Q: How do the characters feel in the chapter?
A: They feel lost and disconnected.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺸﻌﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
5.
Q: What does Dickens suggest to fix this loss?
A: Reconnecting with nature can restore balance.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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6.
Q: How is the industrial society portrayed?
A: It is shown as isolating and harsh.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻌﺰﻝ ﻭﻗﺎﺱ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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7.
Q: What does the title "Lost" symbolize?
A: It symbolizes the loss of purpose and connection.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺿﺎﺋﻊ"؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
 .‫ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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8.
Q: What role does gardening play in the chapter?
A: Gardening is seen as a way to find peace
and direction.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻹﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
9.
Q: How does the chapter relate to the book’s theme?
A: It ties the importance of nature to solving industrial
problems.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﺤﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
10.
Q: What is the chapter’s message?
A: Balance between nature and industry is essential.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬:‫ﺝ‬
chapter 5
characters:Gradgrind /Louisa/Tom/sissy
summary
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬
‫ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻛﻴﻒ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬
.‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
In the fifth chapter, "Found," a solution to the problem
of being lost is discovered. Dickens shows how returning to
nature and gardening can restore balance and give meaning to
life.
questions
Q: What is the title of the chapter?
A: The title is "Found."
 ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
."‫ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻮ "ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
2.
Q: What is discovered in the chapter?
A: A solution to the feeling of being lost is
found.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
3.
Q: How is nature portrayed in this chapter?
A: Nature is shown as the key to restoring balance.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
4.
Q: What role does gardening play?
A: Gardening is a way to reconnect with nature.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
5.
Q: How does the chapter relate to the previous one?
A: It provides a solution to the feeling of being
lost in the previous chapter.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺣﻼ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬
---
6.
Q: What is the message of the chapter?
A: Returning to nature brings peace and purpose.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﺠﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
7.
Q: How do the characters feel in this chapter?
A: They begin to feel a sense of direction and
fulfillment.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺒﺪﺃﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
8.
Q: What does "Found" symbolize in the chapter?
A: It symbolizes discovering the path to balance and peace.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ "ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻒ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
9.
Q: How is the industrial society viewed in this chapter?
A: The chapter suggests moving away from industrial isolation.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
10.
Q: How does this chapter fit into the overall story?
A: It offers hope by showing a way to restore
balance through nature.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻋﺒﺮ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
chapter 6
characters:Gradgrind /Louisa/Tom/sissy
summary
‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺇﻟﻬﺎﻣﺎ ﻭﻧﻮﺭﺍ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ‬،‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻠﻲﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
In the sixth chapter, "The Starlight," Dickens shows how nature,
like starlight, provides inspiration and light to people in a
world filled with darkness and struggles. The chapter reflects the
importance of hope and guidance that nature offers.
questions
Q: What is the title of the chapter?
A: The title is "The Starlight."
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
."‫ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻮ "ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
2.
Q: What does starlight symbolize in the chapter?
A: Starlight symbolizes hope and guidance.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
3.
Q: How does nature play a role in this chapter?
A: Nature provides inspiration and direction in a dark world.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻈﻠﻢ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
4.
Q: What is the main feeling in the chapter?
A: The main feeling is hope despite difficulties.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
5.
Q: How is the world depicted in this chapter?
A: The world is depicted as dark and full of
struggles.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻛﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻈﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﻠﻲﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
6.
Q: What does the chapter suggest about life?
A: It suggests that nature can provide the light needed
to guide life.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
---
7.
Q: How does the title relate to the content?
A: The title relates to the idea of finding light
and hope in nature.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻯ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
8.
Q: What is the significance of starlight in the chapter?
A: Starlight represents clarity and direction in a challenging world.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻠﻲﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
9.
Q: What lesson can be learned from this chapter?
A: The lesson is that nature can help us find
hope and strength.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬
---
10.
Q: How does the chapter relate to the overall theme
of the book?
A: It reinforces the idea that nature brings peace and
guidance in troubled times.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﺠﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺝ‬
 .‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ‬
chapter 7
characters:Gradgrind /Louisa/Tom/sissy
summary
‫ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺻﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺀ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻈﻬﺮﺍ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺗﺸﺘﺖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻖ‬
.‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
In the seventh chapter, "Whelp-Hunting," Dickens discusses the behavior of
characters who focus on shallowunimportant pursuits, showing how these activities
distract from deeper values like caring for nature.
questions
Q: What is the title of the chapter?
A: The title is "Whelp-Hunting."
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
."‫ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻮ "ﺻﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺀ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
2.
Q: What does "whelp-hunting" refer to in the chapter?
A: It refers to chasing unimportant goals or distractions.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﺻﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺀ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺸﺘﻴﺘﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
3.
Q: What behavior is criticized in this chapter?
A: The focus on shallow pursuits rather than meaningful goals.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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4.
Q: What does the chapter suggest about distractions?
A: Distractions can prevent people from focusing on important things.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺘﻴﺘﺎﺕ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺘﻴﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
---
5.
Q: How does the chapter relate to the theme of
nature?
A: It shows how ignoring nature for shallow pursuits leads
to a lack of fulfillment.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬
---
6.
Q: What is the main idea of the chapter?
A: The chapter emphasizes the importance of focusing on meaningful
pursuits.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
7.
Q: What lesson can be learned from this chapter?
A: We should avoid distractions and focus on things that
matter.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺘﻴﺘﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﻢ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
8.
Q: How is the society shown in this chapter?
A: Society is shown as being distracted by trivial matters.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺸﺘﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻓﻬﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
9.
Q: How does this chapter relate to the book’s overall
theme?
A: It connects to the idea that focusing on nature
and meaningful values leads to fulfillment.
 ‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬
---
10.
Q: What does the title "Whelp-Hunting" symbolize?
A: It symbolizes the pursuit of unimportant things at the
cost of more valuable ones.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺻﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺀ"؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻄﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
chapter 8
characters:Gradgrind /Louisa/Tom/sissy
summary
‫ ﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﺍ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬
‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
In the eighth chapter, "Philosophical," Dickens explores philosophical ideas about
life and nature. The chapter shows how deep thinking and
proper understanding can help people restore balance and reconnect with
the natural world.
questions
Q: What is the title of the chapter?
A: The title is "Philosophical."
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
."‫ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻮ "ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
2.
Q: What is discussed in the chapter?
A: The chapter discusses philosophical ideas about life and nature.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﺍ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
3.
Q: How does the chapter view life?
A: It views life as something that needs deep thought
and understanding.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻛﺸﻲﺀ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻭﻓﻬﻢ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
4.
Q: What is the main idea of the chapter?
A: The main idea is that understanding nature and life
requires philosophical thinking.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﺮﺍ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺎ‬
---
5.
Q: How does philosophy help in this chapter?
A: Philosophy helps people find balance and reconnect with nature.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
6.
Q: What role does nature play in the chapter?
A: Nature is a central part of the philosophical ideas
discussed.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ‬
---
7.
Q: How is life and nature connected in the chapter?
A: Life and nature are shown as deeply connected and
interdependent.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺎ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﻭﻣﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻦ‬
---
8.
Q: What does the chapter suggest about understanding nature?
A: It suggests that understanding nature requires deep philosophical thought.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺎ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺎ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
9.
Q: What does the title "Philosophical" imply?
A: It implies that the chapter focuses on deep thinking
about life and nature.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ"؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
---
10.
Q: How does the chapter relate to the overall theme
of the book?
A: It connects to the theme of nature’s importance and
the need for deeper understanding.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ‬:‫ﺝ‬
chapter 9
characters:Gradgrind /Louisa/Tom/sissy
summary
‫ ﻳﺨﺘﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ‬،"‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ‬.‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻛﺤﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻠﻲﺀ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬
In the ninth chapter, "Final," the book concludes by emphasizing
the importance of returning to nature as a solution to
the problems faced by the characters. It shows how gardening
and nature can provide comfort and balance in a world
full of challenges.
questions
Q: What is the title of the chapter?
A: The title is "Final."
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
."‫ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
2.
Q: What is the main message of the chapter?
A: The main message is the importance of returning to
nature for balance and peace.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
---
3.
Q: How does the chapter conclude the story?
A: The chapter concludes by showing how nature provides a
solution to the characters' problems.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻨﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﻳﻨﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺈﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺣﻼ ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
4.
Q: What role does nature play in the final chapter?
A: Nature is shown as the key to finding peace
and balance.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻹﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬:‫ﺝ‬
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5.
Q: What does the chapter suggest about the modern world?
A: It suggests that the modern world often lacks balance,
which nature can restore.
‫ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
،‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
---
6.
Q: How do the characters feel in the final chapter?
A: The characters begin to find peace and fulfillment through
nature.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
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7.
Q: What is the significance of the chapter’s title, "Final"?
A: The title emphasizes the conclusion of the story and
the resolution through nature.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ "ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ"؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﺒﺮﺯ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
---
8.
Q: What lesson can be learned from the final chapter?
A: The lesson is that nature offers balance and peace,
which modern life often lacks.
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬
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9.
Q: How does the chapter relate to the book's overall
theme?
A: It reinforces the book's theme that nature is essential
for emotional and mental well-being.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬
---
10.
Q: How does the story end?
A: The story ends with the characters finding comfort and
 balance through gardening and nature.
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ؟‬:‫ﺱ‬
‫ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﺣﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬:‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
Questions mentioned by the professor
‫ﺍﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
1/Why did capitalism appear? -It appeared after the emergence of
the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of machines that work
on steam and machines that require factories
‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬/‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻻﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ‬/‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺕ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬
2/ is there any progress of sissy?
- no we have irony that means we have no
progress
‫ﻫﻞ ﺍﺣﺮﺯﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ؟‬/‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻛﻼ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺳﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻱ‬/ ‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬
3/ how does mr Gradgrind strict belief in facts influence
the way he raises his children in hard times and
what are the sequence of his fact-based education on their
emotional development and personal lives
provide examples from the text to support your answer
-Mr. Gradgrind's strict belief in facts shapes his parenting by
suppressing his children’s emotions and imagination. He raises Louisa and
Tom to focus only on logic and practical knowledge, ignoring
creativity and feelings. This affects their emotional development negatively.
For example, Louisa grows up feeling emotionally empty and struggles
to express her feelings, leading to an unhappy marriage. Tom
becomes selfish and reckless, getting into trouble because he lacks
moral guidance. Gradgrind later realizes the harm of his methods
and regrets his strictness.
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺇﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬/‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬
 ‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺘﻚ‬
‫ﺝ‪/‬ﺇﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻷﻃﻔﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻤﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺧﻴﺎﻟﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﻭﺗﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻫﻼ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻃﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﺒﺮ ﻟﻮﻳﺴﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﺘﻬﻮﺭﺍ ﻭﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ‪ .‬ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﻏﺮﺍﺩﻏﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻪ ﻭﻳﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪4/How does charles dickens use the character of stephen blackpool‬‬
‫‪to highlight social injustice faced by the working class during‬‬
‫‪the industrial revolution? Discuss his role as a moral constrast‬‬
‫‪to other characters‬‬
‫‪-Charles Dickens uses Stephen Blackpool to show the hardships of‬‬
‫‪the working class during the industrial revolution. Stephen is honest,‬‬
‫‪hardworking, and kind, but he suffers due to unfair labor‬‬
‫‪conditions and personal struggles, like his unhappy marriage.‬‬
‫‪Stephen contrasts morally with characters like Bounderby, who represents greed‬‬
‫‪and hypocrisy. While Bounderby blames workers for their problems, Stephen’s‬‬
‫‪suffering highlights the systemic injustices and lack of empathy toward‬‬
‫‪the working class. His integrity and kindness make him a‬‬
‫‪symbol of dignity in the face of injustice.‬‬
‫ﺱ‪/‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ ﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟ ﻧﺎﻗﺶ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪/‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﻳﻜﻨﺰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺑﻼﻛﺒﻮﻝ ﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﻭﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ ﻭﻃﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺸﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻕ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻭﻧﺪﺭﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺓ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫?‪5/Why did Mr. Slackbridge want to create a labor union‬‬
‫‪-Mr. Slackbridge wanted to create a labor union because of‬‬
‫‪his philosophy of gaining benefits. He aimed to transition from‬‬
‫‪being a worker to becoming an owner and master, reflecting‬‬
‫‪his desire to improve his economic and social status.‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ /‬ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻛﺒﺮﻳﺪﺝ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ؟‬
‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻼﻛﺒﺮﻳﺪﺝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻄﻤﺢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫?‪6/Why did Stephen refuse to join the labor union‬‬
‫‪-Stephen refused to join the labor union because he had‬‬
‫‪promised someone not to join. Additionally, he believed that creating‬‬
‫‪the union was not beneficial and would not bring any‬‬
‫‪real advantage.‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ /‬ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ؟‬
‫ﺝ‪/‬ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪7/ How did Stephen promise someone not to join the‬‬
‫?‪union before it was even established‬‬
‫‪- At that time, there were many unions that had‬‬
‫‪been established but all had failed, leading their members to‬‬
‫‪suffer from poor living conditions. Therefore, Stephen had promised not‬‬
‫‪to join any new union based on his previous experiences‬‬
‫‪with these failed unions.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻭﻋﺪ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ؟‬
‫ﺝ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺸﻠﺖ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺓ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻌﻴﺸﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻋﺪ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺷﻠﺔ‪.‬‬