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Solar Battery Charger Using Arduino

Solar Battery Charger Using Arduino, science experiment and project

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rohitpramanick40
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views

Solar Battery Charger Using Arduino

Solar Battery Charger Using Arduino, science experiment and project

Uploaded by

rohitpramanick40
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objective:

Design a solar battery charger that charges rechargeable batteries (e.g., Li-Ion, NiMH, or
Lead-Acid) using a solar panel and a charge controller circuit.

---

Components Required:

Hardware:

1. Solar Panel

Choose a panel with appropriate voltage and wattage (e.g., 6V/5W or 12V/10W).

2. Rechargeable Battery

Li-ion (3.7V/18650), Lead-Acid (6V/12V), or NiMH batteries.

3. Charge Controller Module

TP4056 module for Li-Ion batteries (with overcharge protection).

CN3065 or MPPT (for advanced efficiency).

4. Diode (Schottky)

To prevent backflow from the battery to the panel.

5. DC-DC Buck Converter (optional)

To step down solar voltage to match battery charging requirements.

6. Wires and Connectors

7. Enclosure
To protect components.

---

Circuit Diagram:

Basic Setup:

1. Solar Panel → Diode → Charge Controller Module → Battery

2. Optional: Add a buck converter between the solar panel and charge controller if the solar
panel’s voltage is higher than required.

---

Steps to Build the Solar Charger:

1. Solar Panel Setup:

Place the solar panel in a location with direct sunlight.

Connect the panel's positive terminal to a Schottky diode (cathode facing the charge
controller).

Connect the panel's negative terminal directly to the charge controller.

2. Battery Connection:

Connect the battery terminals to the charge controller module:

B+ for the positive terminal.

B- for the negative terminal.

3. Voltage Regulation (if needed):


If the panel voltage exceeds the battery charging voltage, use a DC-DC buck converter to
step down the voltage. For example:

Set the output to 4.2V for Li-Ion batteries.

Set the output to 14.4V for 12V Lead-Acid batteries.

4. Load Connection (optional):

For powering devices while charging the battery, connect the load terminals to the charge
controller’s output.

---

Code Example for Monitoring (Optional, Using Arduino):

If you want to monitor the charging process, use an Arduino to measure solar panel voltage
and battery status.

int solarPin = A0; // Solar panel voltage input


int batteryPin = A1; // Battery voltage input

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
float solarVoltage = analogRead(solarPin) * (5.0 / 1023.0) * 2; // Voltage divider
float batteryVoltage = analogRead(batteryPin) * (5.0 / 1023.0) * 2;

Serial.print("Solar Panel Voltage: ");


Serial.println(solarVoltage);
Serial.print("Battery Voltage: ");
Serial.println(batteryVoltage);

delay(1000); // Update every second


}

---

Working Principle:

1. Solar Panel: Converts sunlight into DC electricity.


2. Charge Controller: Regulates the voltage and current to safely charge the battery.

3. Battery: Stores the energy for later use.

4. Diode: Prevents reverse current from the battery to the solar panel at night.

---

Tips:

1. Battery Type Matters: Match the charge controller to the type of battery you are using.

2. Solar Panel Sizing: Ensure the solar panel provides enough current to charge the battery
within a reasonable time.

3. Heat Dissipation: Allow adequate ventilation for the charge controller and converter.

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