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Solar Battery Charger Using Arduino

Solar Battery Charger Using Arduino, science experiment and project

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rohitpramanick40
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72 views4 pages

Solar Battery Charger Using Arduino

Solar Battery Charger Using Arduino, science experiment and project

Uploaded by

rohitpramanick40
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objective:

Design a solar battery charger that charges rechargeable batteries (e.g., Li-Ion, NiMH, or
Lead-Acid) using a solar panel and a charge controller circuit.

---

Components Required:

Hardware:

1. Solar Panel

Choose a panel with appropriate voltage and wattage (e.g., 6V/5W or 12V/10W).

2. Rechargeable Battery

Li-ion (3.7V/18650), Lead-Acid (6V/12V), or NiMH batteries.

3. Charge Controller Module

TP4056 module for Li-Ion batteries (with overcharge protection).

CN3065 or MPPT (for advanced efficiency).

4. Diode (Schottky)

To prevent backflow from the battery to the panel.

5. DC-DC Buck Converter (optional)

To step down solar voltage to match battery charging requirements.

6. Wires and Connectors

7. Enclosure
To protect components.

---

Circuit Diagram:

Basic Setup:

1. Solar Panel → Diode → Charge Controller Module → Battery

2. Optional: Add a buck converter between the solar panel and charge controller if the solar
panel’s voltage is higher than required.

---

Steps to Build the Solar Charger:

1. Solar Panel Setup:

Place the solar panel in a location with direct sunlight.

Connect the panel's positive terminal to a Schottky diode (cathode facing the charge
controller).

Connect the panel's negative terminal directly to the charge controller.

2. Battery Connection:

Connect the battery terminals to the charge controller module:

B+ for the positive terminal.

B- for the negative terminal.

3. Voltage Regulation (if needed):


If the panel voltage exceeds the battery charging voltage, use a DC-DC buck converter to
step down the voltage. For example:

Set the output to 4.2V for Li-Ion batteries.

Set the output to 14.4V for 12V Lead-Acid batteries.

4. Load Connection (optional):

For powering devices while charging the battery, connect the load terminals to the charge
controller’s output.

---

Code Example for Monitoring (Optional, Using Arduino):

If you want to monitor the charging process, use an Arduino to measure solar panel voltage
and battery status.

int solarPin = A0; // Solar panel voltage input


int batteryPin = A1; // Battery voltage input

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
float solarVoltage = analogRead(solarPin) * (5.0 / 1023.0) * 2; // Voltage divider
float batteryVoltage = analogRead(batteryPin) * (5.0 / 1023.0) * 2;

Serial.print("Solar Panel Voltage: ");


Serial.println(solarVoltage);
Serial.print("Battery Voltage: ");
Serial.println(batteryVoltage);

delay(1000); // Update every second


}

---

Working Principle:

1. Solar Panel: Converts sunlight into DC electricity.


2. Charge Controller: Regulates the voltage and current to safely charge the battery.

3. Battery: Stores the energy for later use.

4. Diode: Prevents reverse current from the battery to the solar panel at night.

---

Tips:

1. Battery Type Matters: Match the charge controller to the type of battery you are using.

2. Solar Panel Sizing: Ensure the solar panel provides enough current to charge the battery
within a reasonable time.

3. Heat Dissipation: Allow adequate ventilation for the charge controller and converter.

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