11.

Calorimetry
Chapter (A) Heat capacity, Specific Heat capacity and Its
measurements

Formulae 11A
Note: 1Calorie =4.186 J = 4.2 J
1 kcal = 4200 J

1. Q = c m Δt or c = Q/ m Δt
2. Q= C’ x Δt
3. Relation between Specific heat capacity(c)
and Heat capacity(C’).
C’ = c x m : m = C’/c ; c = C’/m
4. m1 c1(t1-t) = m2 c2 (t-t2)
Note ; t1 is highest temp.
t2 is lowest temp.
t is final temp.
5. Remember:
If M is the mass of calorimeter -copper vessel
c is sp. H. cap. of copper vessel
then heat gain will be ( t-t2)
Therefore;
m1 c1(t1-t) = m2 c2 (t-t2) + Mc ( t-t2)
m1 c1(t1-t) = m2 c2 + Mc (t-t2)
NUMERICALS
Question: 1
By imparting heat to a body, its temperature rises by
150C. What is the corresponding rise in temperature on
the Kelvin scale?
Solution:
The size of 1 degree on the Kelvin scale = The size of 1 degree on
the Celsius scale. ie 1 K = 1 ℃
Hence, on both the Kelvin and Celsius scales the difference or
change in temperature is the same. Therefore, the corresponding
rise in temperature on the Kelvin scale will be 15 K.

Question: 2
(a)Calculate the heat capacity of a copper vessel of mass
150 g if the specific heat capacity of copper is 410 J kg-1 K-
1
.
(b)How much heat energy will be required to increase the
temperature of the vessel in part (a) from 25oC to 35oC?
Solution:
(a) Given
Mass of copper vessel = m = 150 g = 150/1000 kg = 0.15 kg
The specific heat capacity of copper = 410 J kg -1 K-1
w.k.t,
Heat capacity = Mass × specific heat capacity

C’ = m x c
= 0.15 kg × 410 J kg-1 K-1
= 61.5 JK-1

Change in temperature = Δt = (35 – 25) 0

C
= 100 C or 10 K
(b) Heat Energy required to increase the temperature of vessel
Q = m c △t
Q = 0.15 × 410 × 10
Q = 615 J

Question: 3
A piece of iron of mass 2.0 kg has a heat capacity of 966 J
K-1. Find
(i) Heat energy needed to warm it by 15oC, and
(ii) Its specific heat capacity in S.I unit.
Solution:
(i) W.k.t,
Heat energy needed to raise the temperature by 150 C = heat
capacity × change in temperature.

Q= C’ x Δt
Q = 966 J K-1 × 15 K
Q = 14,490 J

(ii) W.k.t,
Specific heat capacity = heat capacity / mass of substance

c= C’/m
c = 966 / 2
c = 483 J kg-1 K-1
Question: 4
Calculate the amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of 100 g of copper from 20oC to 70oC. Specific
heat of capacity of copper =390 J kg-1 K-1.
Solution:
Given
m = 100 g = 0.1 kg
△t = (70 – 20)0 C = 500 C
c = 390 J kg-1 K-1
Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 0.1 kg of copper is

Q = m × △t × c
Q = 0.1 × 50 × 390
Q = 1950 J

Question: 5
1300 J of heat energy is supplied to raise the temperature
of 0.5 kg of lead from 20oC to 40oC. Calculate the specific
heat capacity of lead.
Solution:
Given
Heat energy supplied =Q= 1300 J
Mass of lead = 0.5 kg
Change in temperature = (40 – 20)0 C = 200 C = 20 K
Specific heat capacity of lead
c = Q / m △T
c = 1300 / 0.5 × 20
c = 130 J kg-1 K-1
Question: 6
Find the time taken by a 500 W heater to raise the temperature of
50 kg of material of specific heat capacity 960 J kg-1 K-1, from 18oC to
38oC. Assume that all the heat energy supplied by heater is given to
the material.
Solution:
c = 960 J kg-1 K-1
△t = (38 – 18)0 C = 200 C or 20 K
Power of heater P = 500 W
Note : P =W/t =work done/ time=
work done =Heat energy ie, W= Q
△Q = mc△T
△Q = 50 × 960 × 20 = _______-
Time taken by a heater to raise the temperature of material
t = △Q / P
t = (50 × 960 × 20) / 500
t = 1920 seconds
t = 32 minutes

Question: 7
An electric heater of power 600 W raises the temperature
of 4.0 kg of a liquid from 10.0 0C to 15.0 0C in 100 s.
Calculate:
(i) the heat capacity of 4.0 kg of liquid, and
(ii) the specific heat capacity of liquid
Solution:
Power of heater P = 600 W
Mass of liquid m = 4.0 kg
Change in temperature of liquid = (15 – 10)0C
= 50 C (or 5 K)
Time taken to raise its temperature = 100 s
Heat energy required to heat the liquid
△Q = mc△T and
△Q = P × t
△Q = 600 × 100
△Q = 60,000 J
c = △Q / m△T
c = 60000 / (4 × 5)
c = 3000 J kg-1 K-1
= 3 × 103 J kg-1 K-1
Heat capacity = c × m
Heat capacity = 4 × 3000 J kg-1 K-1
Heat capacity = 1.2 × 104 J / K

Question: 8
0.5 kg of lemon squash at 30o C is placed in a refrigerator
which can remove heat at an average rate of 30 J s-1. How
long will it take to cool the lemon squash to 5o C? Specific
heat capacity of squash = 4200 J kg-1 K-1.
Solution:
Change in temperature = 30 – 5
= 25 K
△Q = mc△T
△Q = 0.5 × 4200 × 25
△Q = 52,500 J
P= W/t = J/s = watt
W= Q
P= Q/t
t=Q/P
t = 52500 / 30
t = 1750 s
t = 29 min 10 sec

Question: 9
A mass of 50 g of a certain metal at 150° C is immersed in
100 g of water at 11° C. The final temperature is 20° C.
Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal. Assume
that the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g-1 K-1.
Solution:
Heat liberated by metal = m × s × △t
= 50 × s × (150 – 20)
Heat absorbed by water = mw × sw × △t
= 100 × 4.2 × (20 – 11)
Heat energy lost = heat energy gained
50 × s × (150 – 20) = 100 × 4.2 × (20 – 11)
s = 0.582 J g-1 K-1

Question: 10
45 g of water at 50o C in a beaker is cooled when 50 g of
copper at 18oC is added to it. The contents are stirred till a
final constant temperature is reached. Calculate the final
temperature. The specific heat capacity of copper is 0.39 J
g-1 K-1 and that of water is 4.2 J g-1 K-1. State the
assumptions used.
Solution:
Mass of water (m1) = 45 g
Temperature of water (T1) = 500 C
Mass of copper (m2) = 50 g
Temperature of copper (T2) = 180 C
Final temperature (T) =?
The specific heat capacity of the copper c2 = 0.39 J / g / K
The specific heat capacity of water c1 = 4.2 J / g / K
m1c1 (T1 – T) = m2c2 (T – T2)
T = (m1c1T1 + m2c2T2) / (m2c2 + m1c1)
T = (45 × 4.2 × 50) + (50 × 0.39 × 18) / (45 × 4.2) + (50 × 0.39)
T = (9450 + 351) / (189 + 19.5)
T = 9801 / 208.5
T = 470 C

Question: 11
200 g of hot water at 80o C is added to 300 g of cold water
at 10oC. Neglecting the heat taken by the container,
calculate the final temperature of the mixture of water.
Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 K-1.
Solution:
Mass of hot water (m1) = 200 g
Temperature of hot water (T1) = 800 C
Mass of cold water (m2) = 300 g
Temperature of cold water (T2) = 100 C
Final temperature (T) =?
m1c1 (T1 – T) = m2c2 (T – T2)
c1 = c 2
T = m1T1 + m2T2 / m2 + m1
T = [(200 × 80) + (300 × 10)] / 500
T = (16000 + 3000) / 500
T = 19000 / 500
T = 380 C

Question: 12
The temperature of 600 g of cold water rises by 15o C
when 300 g of hot water at 50o C is added to it. What was
the initial temperature of the cold water?
Solution:
Mass of hot water (m1) = 300 g
Temperature (T1) = 500 C
Mass of cold water (m2) = 600 g
Change in temperature of cold water (T – T2) = 150 C
Final temperature = T0 C
The specific heat capacity of water is c 4200 J/kg/K
m1c (T1 – T) = m2c (T – T2)
300 (50 – T) = 600 (15)
T = 6000 / 300
T = 200 C
Final temperature = 200 C
Change in temperature = 150 C
Initial temperature of cold water = 200 C – 150 C
= 50 C
Question: 13
1.0 kg of water is contained in a 1.25 kW kettle. Calculate
the time taken for the temperature of water to rise from
25° C to its boiling point 100° C. Specific heat capacity of
water = 4.2 J g-1 K-1.
Solution:
Heat energy = Power × time
Heat energy contained by water = 1000 × 4.2 × 75
1000 × 4.2 × 75 = 1250 × time
time = (1000 × 4.2 × 75) / 1250
time = 315000 / 1250
time = 252 sec