CPP

REVISION
HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
` KKP / MYP CEN TRE

Single Correct Answer Type:

1. A substance of mass m kg requires a power input of P watts to remain in the molten state at its melting
point. When the power is turned off, the sample completely solidifies in time t sec. What is the latent heat of
fusion of the substance
Pm Pt m t
(A) (B) (C) (D)
t m Pt Pm
2. A lead bullet at 27°C just melts when stopped by an obstacle. Assuming that 25% of heat is absorbed by the
obstacle, then the velocity of the bullet at the time of striking (M.P. of lead = 327°C, specific heat of lead =
0.03 cal/gm°C, latent heat of fusion of lead = 6 cal/gm and J = 4.2 joule/cal)
(A) 410 m/sec (B) 1230 m/sec (C) 307.5 m/sec (D) None of the above
3. The temperature of equal masses of three different liquids A, B and C are 12ºC, 19ºC and 28ºC
respectively. The temperature when A and B are mixed is 16ºC and when B and C are mixed is 23ºC. The
temperature when A and C are mixed is
(A) 18.2ºC (B) 22ºC (C) 20.2ºC (D) 25.2ºC
4. In a vertical U-tube containing a liquid, the two arms are maintained at different temperatures t1 and t 2 . The

liquid columns in the two arms have heights l1 and l 2 respectively. The coefficient of volume expansion of

the liquid is equal to

l1  l 2 l1  l 2 l1  l 2 l1  l 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
l 2 t 1  l1 t 2 l1 t 1  l 2 t 2 l 2 t 1  l1 t 2 l1 t 1  l 2 t 2

5. The coefficient of linear expansion of crystal in one direction is  1 and that in every direction perpendicular

to it is  2 . The coefficient of cubical expansion is

(A)  1   2 (B) 2 1   2 (C)  1  2 2 (D) None of these

6. Three rods of equal length l are joined to form an equilateral triangle PQR. O is the mid point of PQ.
Distance OR remains same for small change in temperature. Coefficient of linear expansion for PR and RQ
R
is same i.e.  2 but that for PQis  1 . Then

(A)  2  3 1 (B)  2  4 1

(C)  1  3 2 (D)  1  4 2
P Q
7. A certain amount of ideal mono atomic gas undergoes, process given by UV1/ 2  const , where U is
O internal

energy of the gas. Specific heat of the gas in the process is ______
(A) R/2 (B) 3R (C) SR / 2 (D) R / 2

–1
8. Two substances A and B of equal mass m are heated at uniform rate of 6 cal s under similar conditions. A
graph between temperature and time is shown in figure. Ratio of heat absorbed H A / H B by them for

complete fusion is 100

Temperature °C

A
9 4 80
(A) (B) 60
4 9 B
40
8 5 20
(C) (D)
5 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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 –5
9. A steel meter scale is to be ruled so that millimeter intervals are accurate within about 5  10 mm at a
certain temperature. The maximum temperature variation allowable during the ruling is (Coefficient of linear
expansion of steel  10  10 6 K 1 )
(A) 2°C (B) 5°C (C) 7°C (D) 10°C
10. If earth suddenly stops rotating about its own axis, the increase in it’s temperature will be
R 2 2 R 2 2 Rm  2
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
5 Js Js 5 Js

11. There is formation of layer of snow x cm thick on water, when the temperature of air is   o C (less than

freezing point). The thickness of layer increases from x to y in the time t , then the value of t is given by
( x  y )(x  y )L ( x  y )L ( x  y )(x  y )L ( x  y )Lk
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2k  2k  k 2
o o o
12. A body initially at 80 C cools to 64 C in 5 minutes and to 52 C in 10 minutes. The temperature of the body
after 15 minutes will be
o o o o
(A) 42.7 C (B) 35 C (C) 47 C (D) 40 C
13. The figure shows a system of two concentric spheres of radii r1 and r2 and kept at temperatures T1 and T2,
respectively. The radial rate of flow of heat in a substance between the two concentric spheres is
proportional to
r1 r2
(A) (B) (r2  r1 ) r1
(r1  r2 ) T1


r  r2 T2
(C) (r2  r1 )(r1 r2 ) (D) In  2 
 r1 

14. Four rods of identical cross-sectional area and made from the same metal form the sides of square. The
temperature of two diagonally opposite points and T and 2 T respective in the steady state. Assuming that

only heat conduction takes place, what will be the temperature difference between other two points
2 1 2
(A) T (B) T (C) 0 (D) None of these
2 2 1

15. The adjoining diagram shows the spectral energy density distribution E  of a black body at two different
temperatures. If the areas under the curves are in the ratio 16 : 1, the value of temperature T is
(A) 32,000 K TK
(B) 16,000 K
E
(C) 8,000 K 2000 K

(D) 4,000 K


16. A body cools in a surrounding which is at a constant temperature of  0 . Assume that it obeys Newton's law

of cooling. Its temperature  is plotted against time t. Tangents are drawn to the curve at the points
P(  1 ) and Q(   2 ) . These tangents meet the time axis at angles of 2 and 1 , as shown

tan  2 1   0 tan  2  2   0 
(A)  (B) 
tan 1  2   0 tan 1 1   0 P
2
tan 1  tan 1  2 1
(C)  1 (D)  Q
tan  2  2 tan  2 1
0 2 1
t

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17. A block of metal is heated to a temperature much higher than the room temperature and allowed to cool in a
room free from air currents. Which of the following curves correctly represents the rate of cooling

Temperature

Temperature
(A) (B)

Time Time
Temperature

Temperature
(C) (D)

Time
Time

18. For a small temperature difference between the body and the surroundings the relation between the rate of
loss heat R and the temperature of the body is depicted by

R
R

(A) (B)

O O 


R R

(C) (D)

O

O 

19. 12 identical rods are arranged in the form of a cube. The temperatures of P and R are maintained at
90 C and 30 C respectively. Find the steady state temperature of V. 90 C
T U
(A) 65 C (B) 60 C
P
Q
(C) 20 C (D) 50 C W
V
30 C
S R

20. There is a small source of heat radiations emitting energy at a constant rate of P watts. A disc of mass M,
area A and specific heat capacity C is placed at a distance ‘r’ from it. The time taken by disc for the raise in
temperature by T Kelvin is ________

MCT 4r 2MCT r 2MCT

(A) (B) (C) (D) Data insufficient
P PA PA
Numerical Based:

–6
21. The coefficient of apparent expansion of mercury in a glass vessel is 153 × 10 /ºC and in a steel vessel is
–6 –6 –6
144 × 10 /ºC. If for steel is 12 × 10 /ºC, then that of glass is ________ in × 10 /ºc

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22. A glass flask of volume one litre at 0°C is filled, level full of mercury at this temperature. The flask and
mercury are now heated to 100°C. How much mercury will spill out, if coefficient of volume expansion of
mercury is 1 .82  10 4 / C and linear expansion of glass is 0 . 1  10 4 / C respectively ________ cc.

23. A steel scale measures the length of a copper wire as 80 .0 cm, when both are at 20 C (the calibration

temperature for scale). What would be the scale read for the length of the wire when both are at 40 C ?
(Given steel  11  10 6 per°C and copper  17  10 6 per C )

24. A piece of metal weight 46gm in air, when it is immersed in the liquid of specific gravity 1.24 at 27ºC it
weighs 30 gm. When the temperature of liquid is raised to 42ºC the metal piece weight 30.5 gm, specific
–5
gravity of the liquid at 42ºC is 1.20, then the linear expansion of the metal will be _______ × 10 /ºc
25. A one litre glass flask contains some mercury. It is found that at different temperatures the volume of air inside
the flak remains the same. What is the volume of mercury in this flask if coefficient of linear expansion of glass
–6 –4
is 9  10 /°C while of volume expansion of mercury is 1.8  10 /°C

KEY
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C
6. D 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A
11. A 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. D
16. B 17 b 18. C 19. D 20. C
21. 9 22. 15.2 23. 80.01 24. 2.32 25. 150

SOLUTIONS

mL
1. Heat lost in t sec = mL or heat lost per sec = . This must be the heat supplied for keeping the substance in
t
molten state per sec.
mL Pt
  P or L 
t m
2. If mass of the bullet is mgm,
then total heat required for bullet to just melt down
Q1 = m c + m L = m 0.03 (327 – 27) + m 6
= 15 m cal  (15 m  4 . 2) J
1
Now when bullet is stopped by the obstacle, the loss in its mechanical energy  (m  10  3 )v 2 J
2
(As m gm  m  10 3 kg )
As 25% of this energy is absorbed by the obstacle,
The energy absorbed by the bullet
75 1 3
Q2   mv 2  10  3  mv 2  10  3 J
100 2 8
Now the bullet will melt if Q 2  Q1
3
i.e. mv 2  10  3  15 m  4 . 2  v min  410 m / s
8
3. Heat gain = heat lost
CA 3
CA(16 –12) = CB (19 – 16)  =
CB 4
CB 5
andCB(23 – 19) = CC (28 – 23)  =
CC 4

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 C A 15
  ...(i)
C C 16
If  is the temperature when A and C are mixed then,
CA 28  
C A (  12) = C C (28   )   ...(ii)
CC   12
On solving equation (i) and (ii) = 20.2ºC
4. Suppose, height of liquid in each arm before rising the temperature is l.

t1
t2
l1
l l l2

With temperature rise height of liquid in each arm increases i.e.l1>l and l2>l
l1 l2
Also l  
1   t1 1   t2

l1  l2
 l1   l1t2  l2   l2 t1   
l2 t1  l1 t2

5. V  V0 (1   )
L3  L0 (1  1  )L20 (1   2  )2  L30 (1  1  )(1   2  )2
Since L30  V0 and L3  V
Hence 1    (1  1  ) (1   2  )2
~ (1    ) (1  2  ) ~ (1     2  )
1 2 1 2

 = 1 + 22
2
l
6. (OR )2  (PR )2  (PO)2  l 2   
2
2
l 
 [l(1   2 t)]2   (1  1 t)
2 
l2 l2
l2   l 2 (1   22 t 2  2 2 t)  (1  12 t 2  21 t)
4 4
Neglecting  22 t 2 and 12 t 2
l2 21
0  l 2 (2 2 t)  (21 t)  2 2  ; 1  4 2
4 4

7. TV1/ 2  const  PV 3 / 2  const

RR
C  Cv  
3 2
1
2
8. From given curve,
Melting point for A  60 C
and melting point for B  20 C
Time taken by A for fusion  (6  2)  4 minute
Time taken by B for fusion  (6 . 5  4 )  2 . 5 minute
HA 6  4  60 8
Then  
H B 6  2 .5  60 5

L L 5  10 5
9. As we know        5C
L0  L0 10  106  1
1 1 2 
10. W  JQ  I 2  J (MS  )   MR 2   2
2 2 5 

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 R 2 2
 J (MS  )   
5 Js
L 2
11. Since t  ( x 2  x 12 )
2k 
L 2 L(x  y )(x  y )
t (x  y 2 ) 
2k  2 K
12. According to Newton law of cooling
1   2    2 
K 1  0 
t  2 
5 min
80°C 64°C
1
10 min
52°C
2
15 min
=?
3
(80  64 )  80  64 
For first process :  K  0  ...(i)
5  2 
(80  52 )  80  52 
For second process :  K  0  ...(ii)
10  2 
(80   )  80   
 K  0 
For third process : …(iii)
15  2 
1
On solving equation (i) and (ii) we get K  and  0  24 C . Putting these values in equation (iii) we get
15
  42 .7 C
13. Consider a concentric spherical shell of radius r and thickness dr as shown in fig.
H

dr
r
r1

r2

dQ dT dT
The radial rate of flow of heat through this shell in steady state will be H    KA   K (4 r 2 )
dt dr dr
r2 dr 4 K T1
 2
  dT
r1 r H T1

Which on integration and simplification gives

dQ 4 Kr1r2 (T1  T2 ) dQ rr
H    12
dt r2  r1 dt (r2  r1 )
14. Similar to Q.No.26
Temperature difference between C and D is zero.
C

R R

A B
T
2T
R R
D
AT 16
15.  (given)
A2000 1
Area under e    curve represents the emissive power of body and emissive power  T 4
(Hence area under e    curve)  T 4
4 4
AT  T  16  T 
       T  4000 K.
A2000  2000  1  2000 

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 d
16. For -t plot, rate of cooling   slope of the curve.
dt
d
At P,  tan  2  k ( 2   0 ) , where k = constant.
dt
d tan  2  2   0
At Q  tan 1  k ( 1   0 )  
dt tan 1 1   0

17. According to Newton's law of cooling


i

0
t
Rate of cooling  Temperature difference
d d
  (   0 )   =  (   0 ) (= constant)
dt dt
 t
d
  (  
i 0)

  dt     0  ( i   0 )e  t
0

This relation tells us that, temperature of the body varies exponentially with time from  i to  0
Hence graph (b) is correct
18. Rate of loss of heat (R)  temperature difference
 R  (   0 )  R  k (   0 )  k   k  0 (k= constant)
on comparing it with y  mx  c it is observed that, the graph between R and  will be straight line with
slope =k and intercept  k  0

Slope = tan = k

C = – k0 

19. Apply K.V.L & K.C.L

20. I  A  Power ; Power  t  Heat
Heat MCT4r 2
t  
Power PA
21. real = app. + vessel
So (app. + vessel)glass = (app. + vessel)steel
–6 –6
 153 × 10 + (vessel)glass = (144 × 10 + vessel)steel
–6 –6
Further, (vessel)steel = 3 = 3 × (12 × 10 ) = 36 × 10 /ºC
–6 –6 –6
 153 × 10 + (vessel)glass = 144 × 10 + 36 × 10
–6 –6
 (vessel)glass = 3 = 27 × 10 /ºC = 9 × 10 /ºC
22. Due to volume expansion of both liquid and vessel, the change in volume of liquid relative to container is
given by V = V0 [ L   g ]
–4
Given V0 = 1000 cc, g = 0.1×10 /°C
  g  3 g  3  0 .1  10 4 / C  0 .3  10 4 / C
–4 –4
V = 1000 [1.82 × 10 – 0.3 × 10 ] × 100 = 15.2 cc
23. With temperature rise (same 25°C for both), steel scale and copper wire both expand. Hence length of
copper wire w.r.t. steel scale or apparent length of copper wire after rise in temperature
Lapp  L'cu  L' steel  [L0 (1   Cu  )  L0 (1   s  )

 Lapp  L0 ( Cu   s )

 80 (17  10 6  11  10 6 )  20 = 80.0096 cm
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24. Loss of weight at 27ºC is
= 46 – 30 = 16 = V1 × 1.24 l × g …(i)
Loss of weight at 42ºC is
= 46 – 30.5 = 15.5 = V2× 1.2 l × g …(ii)
16 V 1 . 24
Now dividing (i) by (ii), we get = 1 
15 . 5 V2 1.2
V2 15 . 5  1 . 24
But = 1 + 3 (t2 – t1) = = 1.001042
V1 16  1 . 2
–5
 3 (42º – 27º) = 0.001042  = 2.316 × 10 /ºC
25. It is given that the volume of air in the flask remains the same. This means that the expansion in volume of
the vessel is exactly equal to the volume expansion of mercury.
i.e., Vg  VL or Vg g   VL L 
Vg g 1000  (3  9  10 6 )
 VL    150 cc
L 1 .8  10  4

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