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Assignment 1

Uploaded by

thiswhy438
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ASSIGNMENT

Subject: Digital Image Processing (ECPE-71)

Submission date: 18-11-2024

Unit-I

1. Explain elements of digital image processing systems.


2. Discuss elements of human visual system (perception).
3. What are moiré patterns in images?
4. What is Dithering in images?
Unit-II
1. Prove uvT  u  vT , where u and v are two column vectors.
2. Explain the geometric mean, harmonic mean, and contraharmonic mean spatial
filters.
3. Discuss in brief the following noise distributions: Gaussian, Rayleigh, Erlang
(Gamma), Exponential, and Uniform.
4. Give a single intensity transformation function for spreading the intensities of an
image so that the lowest intensity is 0 and the highest is L-1.
5. Given the following impulse function h and image f :
1 1 1 1
1 2 1  1 1 1 1
h   2 4 2 f 
1 1 1 1
1 2 1   
1 1 1 1

Give the convolution of the two. Does your result have a bias?

Unit-III
1. Determine the Fourier transform of the Laplacian kernel.
2. With reference to affine transformations, provide single, composite
transformation functions for performing the following operations:
a) Scaling and translation
b) Scaling, translation, and rotation
3. A linear, space invariant system has the impulse response h( x, y)   ( x  a, y  b) ,
where a and b are constants, and x and y are discrete quantities. Answer the
following, assuming negligible noise in each case:
a) What is the system transfer function in the frequency domain?
b) What would the spatial domain system response be to a constant input,
f ( x, y)  K ?

c) What would the spatial domain system response be to an impulse input,


f ( x, y)   ( x, y) ?

4. Consider a linear, position-invariant image degradation system with impulse


response
 ( x  ) 2  ( y   ) 2 
h ( x, y )  e  
,

where x and y are continuous variables. Suppose that the input to the system is a
binary image consisting of a white vertical line of infinitesimal width located at
x  a , on a black background. Such an image can be modelled as f ( x, y)   ( x   ).

Assume negligible noise, find the output image, g ( x, y) .

5. Using the transfer function H (u, v)  8 3 2 (u 2  v 2 )e2  ( u 2  v2 )


2 2
, give the expression
for a Wiener filter, assuming that the ratio of power spectra of the noise and un-
degraded signal is a constant, i.e., S (u, v) / S ff (u, v)  K .

6. Consider a 3  3 spatial mask that averages the four closest neighbors of a point
(x, y), but excludes the point itself from the average. Find the equivalent filter,
H (u, v) , in the frequency domain. Show that your result is a low-pass filter.

7. Consider image blurring caused by uniform acceleration in the x  direction. If


the image is at rest at time t  0 and accelerates with a uniform acceleration
xo (t )  at 2 for a time T , find the blurring function H (u, v) . You may assume that

shutter opening and closing times are negligible.


8. During acquisition, an image undergoes uniform linear motion in the vertical
direction for a time T1 . The direction of motion then switches to the horizontal
direction for a time interval T2 . Assuming that the time it takes the image to
change directions is negligible, and shutter opening and closing times are
negligible also, give an expression for blurring function H (u, v) .

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